A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
A.P.
PSYCHOLOGY
REVIEW
PACKET
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
Chapter 1 - History and Perspectives:
1. List each of the perspectives of psychology and describe the focus.
Perspective
Focus
2. Early Greeks, and later, philosophers contemplated many psychological issues. As a result many theories
about the connection of mind and body. Please describe the ideas of each of the following:
Philosopher
Idea about mind and body
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
The Hebrews
Augustine
Descartes
3. Which two philosophers believed that the “mind is a blank slate?”
4. Name two philosophers that felt that ideas were inborn.
5. What is the concept of Structuralism?
6. How would someone who was a functionalist view the mind?
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
7. Define Psychology.
8. What are the differences between:
o
Basic research
o
Applied research
9. What is the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?
10. Psychology has several focuses, aside form the traditional clinical/counseling. Name the other areas that a
psychologist might study.
Subfield
Focus
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
Chapter 1 - Research and Statistics:
11. Give an example of hind-sight bias, sometimes called the “I knew it all along phenomenon.”
12. Explain overconfidence and give an example.
13. What is the difference between these:
o
Theory
o
Hypothesis
14. What is the difference between:
o
reliability
o
validity
15. On the table, list the types of research methods psychologists use and the strengths and weaknesses of
each.
Method
Strengths
Weakness
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
16. Dr. Woodbury, a noted psychological researcher, wants to do an experiment to determine if eating pizza
before a test causes a decrease in test scores. In the space below, set up the experiment. Prior to listing the
role of each term in the research, be sure to define the term. After the definition, give the example of
application.

Population:

Random Sample:

Control Group:

Experimental Group:

Independent Variable:

Dependent Variable:
17. Give an example of false consensus effect. How can this phenomenon be applied when considering
research, and how does it apply to sampling?
18. Correlation does not prove ___________________________.
19. In the space below, create three scatterplots. One should show a positive correlation, one a negative
correlation and one an inverse correlation. Label each and include the mathematical indicator that applies
to each.
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
20. What is an illusory correlation?
21. Name and define the three measures of central tendency?



22. Name and define the two measures of variation?


23. Explain statistical significance (Significance level can also be applied to this term).
24. Describe a normal bell curve. (Hint: The Empirical Rule is applied here).
25. What is a skewed distribution? Describe both a negative and positive skew.
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
Chapter 2 - The Brain and Nervous System:
26. Name the primary function of each of the following parts of the brain:
Area of the Brain
Medulla
Reticular Formation
Brain Stem
Pons
Cerebellum
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Frontal Lobe
Corpus Callosum
Wernicke’s Area
Broca’s Area
Primary Function
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
27. Discuss the functions of the various neurotransmitters.
Neurotransmitter
Function
Symptoms of
Excess
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
GABA
Glutamate
28. Draw a diagram of the divisions of the Nervous System in the space below
29. Draw a neuron. Label each part and describe the function of each.
30. Define an action potential. Describe the process that occurs.
Symptoms of
undersupply
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
31. Name four types of scans that can be used to examine and study the brain, as well as diagnose problems.
Give the full name, the abbreviation for each and describe how the scan works and what it shows.
Name of Scan
Abbreviation
Description
32. What is the difference between an agonist and an antagonist? Give examples of each.
33. What is the reason that a person would have split-brain surgery? What are typical outcomes from such an
operation?
34. What are association areas in the brain?
35. Explain the difference between sensory neuron, interneurons and motor neurons.
36. What is the function of the pituitary gland?
37. What are the effects of hormones on the brain?
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
38. What are the three main structures that comprise the Limbic System?
39. What is brain plasticity?
40. Describe aphasia.
41. Discuss the research on left handedness. How is the handedness of a person determined?
42. Discuss the effect of insulin and glycogen on the body. How can these either an excess or deficiency of
one of these two substances affect behavior?
43. Nature and Nurture: The Genetic Basis of Behavior
44. What is the difference between chromosomes and genes?
45. What is the human genome?
46. How can mutations affect behavior?
47. What is the difference between the way the identical and fraternal twins are formed? What are the
differences in their prenatal environment?
48. There has been much research into identical twins. What have researchers learned from studying identical
twins who have been raised apart? How do these findings affect the nature/nurture debate?
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
49. Is an adopted child more likely to be like his or her birth parents or adoptive parents?
50. Discuss temperament (define and describe) and the various idea about temperament being genetic, or
taught.
51. What is heritability?
52. Briefly summarize each of the following and the influence of each on behavior and development.
Concept
Definition
Prenatal Environment
Parenting
Peer Influence
Culture
Gender
53. How does social-learning theory explain gender-linked behaviors?
Influences
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
Chapter 3 - Development
54.
Define the following as well as briefly discuss role in development as applicable.
Term
Zygote
Embryo
Fetus
Teratogen
Rooting Reflex
Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome
Maturation
Schemas
Assimilation
Accommodation
Object
Permanence
Theory of Mind
Egocentrism
Autism
StrangerAnxiety
Definition/Application
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
Attachment
Critical Period
Imprinting
55.
List and describe the stages of Piaget’s theory of development, the age that it occurs, and the major
accomplishments of each stage.
Stage
Age
Description and Achievements
56.
Describe Harlow’s Monkey Study and what was learned from it.
57.
How do disruptions and day-care affect attachment?
58.
Summarize the three types of play as discussed on the Development Handout.
Stage
Age
Description
A.P. Psychology
59.
Name: ________________________
Describe the three child-rearing practices which have been most heavily researched, and typical
implications of each.
Practice
Description / Implications / Outcomes
60.
Who was one of the first researchers to discuss adolescence? How did he describe the period?
61.
What is the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics?
62.
Summarize the author’s discussion of cognitive development in adolescence.
63.
What were Kohlberg’s ideas about moral development? After your answer, summarize his stage theory
using the table that follows.
Stage
Age
Description of stage
A.P. Psychology
64.
Name: ________________________
Outline Erickson’s Theory in the table below
Stage
Age
Description
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
Chapter 4 – Sensation and Perception
65. What is the difference between sensation and perception?
66. Explain bottom-up processing and give and example.
67. Explain top-down processing and give an example.
68. What is absolute threshold?
69. Explain signal detection theory.
70. Do subliminal messages actually have an impact?
71. What is Weber’s Law? Be sure to include an explanation of just noticeable difference in your answer.
72. Explain sensory adaptation and give an example.
73. What is selective attention? How does it relate to the “Cocktail Party Effect?”
74. Explain change-blindness.
75. What is transduction?
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
76. What is the difference between hue and intensity?
77. Explain how each of the following relates to vision.
Term
How does this affect vision?
Iris
Pupil
Lens
Rods
Cones
Retina
Acuity
Optic Nerve
Fovea
Blind Spot
78. What is the difference between near-sightedness and far-sightedness?
79. What are feature detector neurons?
80.
Explain parallel processing.
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
81.
What is the Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory?
82.
What is Opponent-Process Theory and how does it relate to afterimage and the After Image Effect?
83.
Explain color constancy and give and example.
84.
Explain how each of the following influence hearing.
Structure or
Concept
Influence on Hearing
Audition
Frequency
Pitch
Middle Ear
Inner Ear
Cochlea
Basilar
Membrane
85.
Explain Place Theory.
86.
Explain Frequency Theory.
87.
What is the difference between a conductive hearing loss, and a senorineural hearing loss?
88.
79. Discuss how we locate sound.
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
89.
Name the four components that comprise the sense of touch.
90.
What is the gate-control theory?
91.
Describe phantom-limb sensation.
92.
Name the four basic sensations that make up taste.
93.
What is sensory interaction? How is the concept applied in relationship to taste and smell?
94.
What are olfactory receptors?
95.
What is the difference between kinesthesis and vestibular sense?
96.
Explain visual capture.
97.
What illusion occurs when looking at a Necker Cube?
98.
How does the concept of Gestalt explain how perception is organized?
A.P. Psychology
99.
Name: ________________________
Explain each of the following perceptual concepts. If appropriate indicate M for monocular cue or a B
for Binocular cue in the appropriate column.
Concept
Monocular
or
Binocular
Figure-Ground
Proximity
Similarity
Continuity
Connectedness
Depth Perception
Visual Cliff
Retinal Disparity
Convergence
Relative Size
Interposition
Relative Clarity
Texture Gradient
Relative Height
Relative Motion
Description
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
Linear
Perspective
Light and
Shadow
100. What is the Phi-Phenomenon?
101. Explain Perceptual constancy.
102. How does the concept of size-distance relationship apply in the Muller-Lyer Illusion? Be sure to
explain the illusion.
103. Explain the concept of Light/Brightness Constancy.
104. What did the Cooper-Blakemore study teach researchers about sensory deprivation?
105. Explain Perceptual adaptation.
106. How does perceptual set influence what we see?
107. How does the relationship of schema and concept affect what we see?
108. What is a Parapsychologist?
109. Discuss some of the findings of ESP research.
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
Chapter 5 - States of Consciousness
110. Define consciousness.
111. Discuss how each of the following biological rhythms relates to human behavior.

Annual Cycles:

Twenty-eight day cycles:

Twenty-four hour cycles:

Ninety minute cycles:
112. What is a circadian rhythm?
113. What are the stages of sleep? Fill in the following chart with the requested information.
Stage
Type of Wave
Characteristics of this stage
Awake
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
REM
114. Describe a sleep cycle. Include each stage that occurs and the overall length of the cycle.
115. What are hallucinations? How do they relate to sleep?
116. What are the effects of sleep deprivation?
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
117. Fill in the chart below by discussing each of the following sleep disorders or disturbances.
Disorder/Disturbance
Characteristics
Treatment or how to deal with
Insomnia
Narcolepsy
Sleep Apnea
Night Terrors
Nightmares
118. What is the difference between manifest and latent content of dreams?
119. Outline various theories on why we dream discussed in your book.
120. What is hypnosis?
121. Define posthypnotic amnesia.
122. Why can’t hypnosis help a person remember everything that has ever happened to him or her?
123. Can a person under hypnosis be forced to do something against their will? Explain.
124. How is hypnosis useful as therapeutic tool?
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
125. What is a posthypnotic suggestion?
126. Discuss the research of Ernest Hilgard and the concept of divided consciousness.
127. What is the hidden-observer?
128. What is Drug Tolerance
129. Summarize the misconceptions about addiction.
1.
2.
3.
130. Fill in the following information on types of drugs. Use the book and the handouts from class to get
your information.
Drug Class and type
Depressants
Alcohol
Barbiturates
(Tranquilizers)
Opiates
(Morphine and Heroin)
Stimulants
Amphetamines
Physical process
Effect (what it does)
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
Cocaine
Ecstasy (MDMA)
(also classed as a
hallucinogen)
Hallucinogens
LSD
Marijuana
131. Near death experiences have raised issues about dualism and monism. Discuss this phenomenon being
sure to define all terms.
132. Summarize influences on drug use
133. Trends in Drug use:
134. Biological Influences:
135. Psychological and Cultural Influences:
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
Chapter 6 - Learning
136. What is learning?
137. What is conditioning?
138. What are the differences between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?
139. Name the researcher who is credited for pioneering work in classical conditioning and summarize his
work. (Hint….he went to the dogs.)
140. Draw a chart or diagram that would show the steps in classical conditioning. Be sure to label each step.
141. Define the following three concepts, and give an example that incorporates all three: acquisition,
extinction, spontaneous recovery.
142. What is the difference between discrimination and generalization?
143. John B. Watson believed behavior was a “bundle of conditioned response.” Discuss the Little Albert
experiment, and how it demonstrated classical conditioning.
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
144. What field of learning is associated with the name B.F. Skinner?
145. What is an operant chamber?
146. How does operant conditioning relate to Thorndike’s Law of Effect?
147. What does it mean to shape behavior?
148. Describe each of the following reinforcers and reinforcement schedules.
Type
Primary reinforcer
Secondary or
conditioned reinforcer
Continuous reinforcer
Intermediate reinforcer
Fixed-ratio schedule
Fixed-interval schedule
Variable-ratio schedule
Variable-interval
schedule
Punishment
Definition and why/when to use this type (as applicable) and example
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
149. What is latent learning?
150. Define extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, as well as the over justification effect. How are these concepts
related?
151. What theorist is associated with observational learning? Be sure to define modeling and include it in
your discussion.
152. What are the effects of television and other media on observational learning?
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
Chapter 7 – Memory
153. Name and define the three major steps of information processing.
154. What is a flashbulb memory?
155. Define and apply the following concepts
Concept
Sensory Memory
Short-Term Memory
Long-term Memory
Automatic Processing
Effortful Processing
Spacing Effect
Visual encoding
Acoustic Encoding
Semantic
encoding/meaning
Declarative/explicit
memory
Procedural/implicit
memory
Definition and application
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
156. What is the difference between iconic and echoic memory? Define mnemonic and give an example of
one to remember the difference between these two concepts.
157. What is chunking? Give an example.
158. What is the role of the hippocampus in memory?
159. What is long-term potentiation?
160. In relation to retrieval, what is priming?
161. How does context affect our ability to retrieve information? Include a discussion of mood-congruent
memory.
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
162. Identify the three “sins” of forgetting, of distortion and one of intrusion.
“The Sin”
Description
163. What is failure to encode?
164. Define storage decay and give an example
165. Discuss the difference between proactive and retroactive interference?
166. What is the misinformation effect?
167. Discuss Elizabeth Loftus’ research on memory.
168. What was Sigmund Freud’s belief on “forgetting” painful experiences? What is the controversy about
repressed v. constructed memory?
169. What is source amnesia, (sometimes called source misattribution)?
170. What is the “forgetting curve?” Who did the research the identified this idea?
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
Chapter 8 - Thinking and Language
171. Define each of the following:
Term
Definition
Concept
Prototype
Cognition
Algorithm
Heuristic
Insight
Fixation
Mental set
Functional
fixedness
172. What is confirmation bias? Give an example.
173. What is the difference between availability heuristic and representative heuristic?
174. How do heuristics influence thinking?
175. What is overconfidence? What is its adaptive value?
176. What is framing? How does it potentially influence decision and judgment?
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
177. Define and discuss belief bias and belief perseverance. How do they affect our risk for error?
178. What is artificial intelligence?
179. What is the difference between phonemes and morphemes?
180. List the five stages of language development, age they occur, and briefly describe each.
Stage
Age
Description
181. Define and discuss the differences between grammar, semantics, and syntax.
182. Who is Noam Chomsky? What significance does he have to language? Briefly discuss his findings.
183. Summarize the discussion about thought and language.
184. 154. Summarize the discussion about animal thinking and language
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
Chapter 9 - Intelligence
185. Define intelligence.
186. What is meant by the factor-analysis approach to measuring intelligence?
187. What was Spearman’s idea about intelligence?
188. Howard Gardner is credited for a concept called multiple intelligences? Discuss the ideas that surround
this concept.
189. What is the savant syndrome?
190. Robert Sternberg identified three types of intelligence. List each and define it.
191. What is emotional intelligence? Summarize the discussion of it in the text.
192. How are creativity and intelligence related?
193. Outline the contributions of Alfred Binet and Lewis Terman to understanding intelligence.
194. What does IQ stand for? Give the formula for determining a person’s IQ.
195. What is the difference between and aptitude test and an achievement test.
196. How is the concept of standardization related to testing?
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
197. What is the difference between reliability and validity in testing? Why are these considered when
creating a test?
198. How stable is intelligence over the life span?
199. What have researchers learned about intelligence from studying twins?
200. What is heritability applied to the understanding of intelligence?
201. How does life experience (early intervention, etc.) affect intelligence? Summarize some of the research.
202. What does research find about the ethnic similarities and differences on intelligence tests?
203. What are the effects of gender on intelligence?
204. What is the stereotype threat?
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
Chapter 10 - Motivation and Emotion
205. Discuss each of the following:
Term
Definition
Physical and/or psychological implications
and examples
Motivation
Instinct
Drivereduction
theory
Homeostasis
Incentive
206. Diagram Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs.
207. Food is motivator. Summarize how we feel hungry. Include any parts of the brain that are involved.
208. Fill in the following table defining each term and it’s function.
Term
Glucose
Insulin
Definition
Function
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
Leptin
Orexin
Ghrelin
PYY
209. Define both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and discuss the differences between each. Include as
well the adverse effect on the body.
210. Describe Industrial/Organizational Psychology. What are the two subfields and the definition of each?
211. What is interviewer illusion?
212. What is a structured interview?
213. What is achievement motivation?
214. Define and discuss each of the following leadership styles and theories. Give an example of each:

Task Leadership:

Social Leadership:

Theory X:

Theory Y:
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
215. Discuss the following, being sure to specify how emotion is felt as described by each theory:
Theory
Theorists who developed
How emotion occurs
James-Lange
Cannon-Bard
Schacter
Two-Factor
216. How is the brain involved with the experience of emotion? Discuss structures involved your discussion.
217. How does culture influence expression of emotion?
218. Discuss universal facial expressions and how they communicate emotion.
219. Summarize your book’s discussion of each of the following emotions.
1. Fear:
2. Anger:
3. Happiness
220. What is the Feel-Good, Do-Good Phenomenon?
221. Define both catharsis and subjective well-being.
222. What is the adaptation level phenomenon?
223. Define and given an example of relative deprivation.
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
Chapter 12 - Personality
224. Define personality.
Perspective
Description
Criticism
Psychoanalytic
Perspective
Neo-Freudians
Trait Perspective
Humanistic
Perspective
225. Define psychoanalysis, free association, and dream analysis.
226. Identify the three parts of Freud’s subconscious map
Part of
Subconscious
Id
Ego
Superego
Description
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
227. Identify Freud’s psychosexual stages of development, and describe the effects of fixation on behavior.
228. Describe the function of defense mechanisms, and identify six of them.
Defense Mechanism
Description
Projection
Reaction Formation
Repression
Regression
Sublimation
Rationalization
Personality Test
Description
MMPI
Thematic Aptitude Test
Rorschach Ink Blot Test
229. Describe the social-cognitive perspective, and explain how reciprocal determinism illustrates that
perspective.
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
Chapter 13 - Stress and Health
230. On orders from the cerebral cortex, by way of the hypothalamus and pituitary, what chemical does the
adrenal gland secrete?
231. What are the functions of adrenaline and norepinephrine?
232. What is the role of each the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in response to stress?
(Discuss flight or fight)
233. Hans Selye discovered the body has an adaptive response to stress that he labeled GAS. What does that
stand for, and what occurs in each stage of GAS?
234. What are the three major types of stressors identified by researchers?
235. How is perceived control related to stress?
236. What are the effects of optimism and pessimism on stress and health?
237. What are Type A and Type B personalities? List characteristics of each.
238. Discuss stress and susceptibility to disease, including effects on the immune system, AIDS, and cancer.
239. How have researchers conditioned the immune system?
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
240. What is biofeedback? What is the implication for its use in managing stress?
241. What are the effects of religion on health according to the text?
242. How effective are smoking cessation programs?
243. Discuss how each of the following have a role in controlling obesity
Concept
Role in controlling obesity
Nutrition
Set-Point
Metabolism
Genetic Factors
244. List at least five ways your text recommends for losing weight.
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
Chapter 14 - Personality Disorders
245. Identify the criteria for judging whether behavior is psychologically disordered.
246. Describe the goals and content of the DSM-IV.
Disorder
Description
Examples
Anxiety
Mood
Dissociative
Somatoform
Personality
247. Explain how a phobia differs from the fears we all experience.
248. Discuss the contributions of the learning and biological perspectives to our understanding of the
development of anxiety disorders.
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
249. Describe the symptoms of dissociative disorders, and explain why some critics are skeptical about
dissociative identity disorder.
250. Summarize the contributions of the biological perspective to the study of depression, and discuss the
link between suicide and depression.
251. Summarize the contributions of the social-cognitive perspective to the study of depression, and describe
the events in the cycle of depression.
Schizophrenia
252. Describe the symptoms of schizophrenia, and differentiate delusions and hallucinations.
253. Distinguish the five subtypes of schizophrenia, and contrast chronic and acute schizophrenia.
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
254. Outline some abnormal brain chemistry, functions, and structures associated with schizophrenia, and
discuss the possible link between prenatal viral infections and schizophrenia.
255. Discuss the evidence for a genetic contribution to the development of schizophrenia.
256. Describe some psychological factors that may be early warning signs of schizophrenia in children.
Personality Disorders
257. Contrast the three clusters of personality disorders, and describe the behaviors and brain activity
associated with antisocial personality disorder.
258. Discuss the prevalence of psychological disorders, and summarize the findings on the link between
poverty and serious psychological disorders.
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
Chapter 15 - Therapy
259. Discuss how psychotherapy, biomedical therapy, and an eclectic approach to therapy differ.
Psychotherapy
Biomedical
Eclectic Approach
Characteristics
(List the
differences side
by side)
Methods
Criticisms
260. Identify the basic characteristics of the humanistic therapies, and describe the specific goals and
techniques of Carl Rogers’ client-centered therapy.
261. Explain how the basic assumption of behavior therapy differs from those of traditional psychoanalytic
and humanistic therapies.
262. Define counterconditioning, and describe the techniques used in exposure therapies and aversive
conditioning.
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
263. State the main premise of therapy, based on operant conditioning principles, and describe the views of
proponents and critics of behavior modification.
264. Contrast cognitive therapy and cognitive-behavior therapy, and give some examples of cognitive
therapy for depression.
265. Discuss the rationale and benefits of group therapy, including family therapy.
266. Summarize the findings on which psychotherapies are most effective for specific disorders.
267. Evaluate the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and light
exposure therapies.
268. Discuss the role of values and cultural differences in the therapeutic process.
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
Drug Effectiveness
Drug
Description of Use
Antipsychotic
Antianxiety
Antidepressant
Mood-Stabilizing
269. Describe the use of electroconvulsive therapy in treating severe depression, and describe some possible
alternatives to ECT.
270. Summarize the history of the psychosurgical procedure known as a lobotomy, and discuss the use of
psychosurgery today.
271. Explain the rationale of preventive mental health programs.
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
Chapter 15 – Social Psychology
272. Describe the three main focuses of social psychology.
273. Explain how the fundamental attribution error can affect our analysis of behavior.
274. Explain how the foot-in-the-door phenomenon, role-playing, and cognitive dissonance illustrate the
influence of actions on attitudes.
275. Describe the chameleon effect, and give an example of it.
276. Discuss Asch’s experiments on conformity.
277. Describe Milgram’s experiments on obedience, and outline the conditions in which obedience was
highest.
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
278. Explain how the conformity and obedience studies can help us understand our susceptibility to social
influence.
279. Describe the conditions in which the presence of others is likely to result in social facilitation, social
loafing, or deindividuation.
280. Discuss how group interaction can facilitate group polarization and groupthink.
281. Identify the characteristic common to minority positions that sway majorities.
282. Discuss the social factors that contribute to prejudice.
283. Explain how scapegoating illustrates the emotional component of prejudice.
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
284. Cite four ways that cognitive processes help create and maintain prejudice.
285. Describe three levels of biological influences on aggression.
286. Outline four psychological triggers of aggression.
287. Explain how social traps and mirror-image perceptions fuel social conflict.
288. Describe the influence of proximity, physical attractiveness, and similarity on interpersonal attraction.
289. Describe the steps in the decision-making process involved in bystander intervention.
290. Explain altruistic behavior from the perspective of social exchange theory and social norms.
A.P. Psychology
Name: ________________________
Other Psychological Issues
291. How does menopause affect behavior?
292. What is the difference between dementia and Alzheimer’s disease?
293. How are memory and intelligence affected as people age? What is the difference between fluid and
crystallized intelligence?
294. Summarize the roles of adulthood.
295. What is the issue of stability v. change?