LEVEL: GRADE 4
TOPIC: PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES
I.
OBJECTIVES
After studying this, student should be able:
To know the history of the president of the Philippines.
To inform student about the different works of the president.
To familiarize the chronological of the presidents.
II.
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
TREE CHART
III. PROPER LESSON
Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo -- First President
Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy was the First and only President of the First Republic under the Malolos Constitution of 1899.
Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo served in various capacities before he became the First President of the First Republic.
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President of the Revolutionary Government ( Tejeros Convention )
23 March 1897 - 1 November 1897
President of the Biak-na-Bato Republic
2 November, 1897 - 15 December, 1897
Dictator of the Philippines
24 May 1898 - 23 June 1898
President of the Revolutionary Govenment
23 June, 1898 - 23 January 1899
Gen Emilio Aguinaldo declared Philippine independence from Spain on June 12, 1898.
He was elected the First President of the First Republic under the Malolos Constitution by the National Assembly. He was
inaugurated as President on January 23, 1899.
His term ended in April 1, 1901, after he was captured by the US military in Palanan, Isabela, and pledged allegiance to the United
States.
He was born March 22, 1869 in Kawit Cavite. He passed away on February 6, 1964 in Quezon City at the age of 95. He is buried at
the Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite.
Manuel L. Quezon - Second President
President of the Philippine Commonwealth
Manuel Luis Quezon Antonio y Molina was the Second President of the Philippines, and only President of the Philippine
Commonwealth under the 1935 Constitution.
He directly served as an Aide-de-Camp to Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo in 1899.
Under the american colonial government, he served in various capacities
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Fiscal of Mindoro ( appointed September 19, 1903 )
Fiscal of Tayabas ( March 12, 1904 to November 1, 1904 )
Municipal councilor of Tayabas, Tayabas ( 1906 )
Governor of Tayabas ( March 5, 1906 to July 25, 1907)
Member and Majority Floor Leader of the First Philippine Assembly, (1907 - 1909)
Resident Commissioner to the U.S. Congress (elected by the Philippine Legislature) 1909-1916
Senator for the Fifth Senatorial District (Batangas, Mindoro, Tayabas, Cavite, and Marinduque) 1916-1935
o 4th Legislature 1916-1919;
o 5th Legislature 1919-1922;
o 6th Legislature 1922-1925;
o 7th Legislature 1925-1928;
o 8th Legislature 1928-1931;
o 9th Legislature 1931-1934;
o 10th Legislature 1934-1935
1st President of the Philippine Senate 1916-1935
Manuel L. Quezon has the distinction of being the first Senate President elected to the presidency, the first president elected
through a national election, and was also the first incumbent to secure re-election (for a partial second term, later extended, due to
amendments to the 1935 Constitution). He is known as the "Father of the National Language".
In 1935 Quezon won the Philippine's first national presidential election under the banner of the Nacionalista Party. He obtained
nearly 684572634f the vote against his two main rivals, Emilio Aguinaldo and Bishop Gregorio Aglipay. Sergio Osmeña was
elected Vice-President. Quezon was inaugurated in November, 1935. He is recognized as the second President of the Philippines.
He was inaugurated for his first term as President on November 15, 1935 at the Legislative Building in Manila. His first term ended
Dec 30, 1941.
Quezon had originally been barred by the Philippine constitution from seeking re-election. However, in 1940, constitutional
amendments were ratified allowing him to seek re-election for a fresh term ending in 1943. In the 1941 presidential elections,
Quezon was re-elected over former Senator Juan Sumulong with nearly 820f the vote. Sergio Osmeña was similarly re-elected
Vice-President. He was inaugurated as President in Corregidor, on December 30, 1941, after the outbreak of World War II.
The outbreak of World War II and the Japanese invasion resulted in periodic and drastic changes to the government structure.
Executive Order 390, December 22, 1941 abolished the Department of the Interior and established a new line of succession.
Executive Order 396, December 24, 1941 further reorganized and grouped the cabinet, with the functions of Secretary of Justice
assigned to the Chief Justice of the Philippines.
Quezon suffered from tuberculosis and spent his last years in Saranac Lake, New York, where he died on August 1, 1944. He was
initially buried in Arlington National Cemetery. His body was later carried by the USS Princeton (CV-37) and re-interred in
Manila, at the Manila North Cemetery and then moved to Quezon City within the monument at the Quezon Memorial Circle.
Jose P. Laurel - Third President
First President of the Second Republic
Jose Paciano Laurel y Garcia was the president of the Japanese-Sponsored Republic of the Philippines during World War II, from
1943 to 1945.
Laurel was not subsequently officially recognized as a Philippine president until the administration of Diosdado Macapagal.
Laurel remains one of the most important Supreme Court justices in Philippine history. He authored several leading cases still
analyzed to this day that defined the parameters of the branches of government as well as their powers. Prior to his Presidency he
was
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Secretary of the Interior (Leonard Wood cabinet)
Senator for the Fifth Senatorial District (Batangas, Mindoro, Tayabas, Cavite, and Marinduque)
o 7th Legislature (1925-1928)
o 8th Legislature (1928-1931)
o 9th Legislature (1931-1934)
o 10th Legislature (1934-1935)
Majority floor leader (1928-1931)
Delegate, (1934-1935) Constitutional Convention
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court (1936-1941)
Secretary of Justice (Quezon cabinet, 1941)
Acting Chief Justice of the Supreme Court ( 1941 )
Commissioner of Justice, Commissioner of the Interior (1942-1943) (Japanese Occupation)
President, Preparatory Committee on Philippine Independence, (1942-1943) (Japanese Occupation)
Following the attack on Pearl Harbor in World War II, Laurel was instructed by President Manuel L. Quezon to remain in Manila.
President Quezon fled to Corregidor and then to the United States to establish a government-in-exile. Laurel's prewar, close
relationship with Japanese officials (a son had been sent to study at the Imperial Military Academy in Tokyo, and Laurel had
received an honorary doctorate from Tokyo University), placed him in a good position to interact with the Japanese occupation
forces.
In October 1943, Laurel was selected, by the National Assembly, under vigorous Japanese influence, to serve as President.
The presidency of Laurel understandably remains one of the most controversial in Philippine history. After the war, he would be
denounced in some quarters as a war collaborator or even a traitor, although his indictment for treason was superseded by President
Roxas' Amnesty Proclamation, and evidenced by his subsequent electoral success. Laurel is considered as doing his best in
interceding, protecting and looking after the best interests of the Filipinos against the harsh wartime Japanese military rule and
policies. During his presidency, the Philippines faced a crippling food shortage which demanded much of Laurel's attention. Laurel
also resisted in vain Japanese demands that the Philippines issue a formal declaration of war against the United States.
Laurel's term ended soon after the Japanese forces surrendered to the United States on August 15, 1945. Laurel arrested for
collaborating with the Japanese, and later charged with 132 counts of treason. In 1948 President Manuel Roxas signed a general
amnesty. Laurel later won a senate seat in 1951.
Laurel founded the Lyceum of the Philippines University in 1952.
On November 6, 1959, he died of massive heart attack and stroke at the Lourdes Hospital in Manila.
Sergio Osmeña - Fourth President
Second President of the Philippine Commonwealth
Sergio Osmeña was Vice President under Manuel L. Quezon, and rose to the Presidency upon Quezon's death in 1944.
While Manuel Quezon was aide-de-camp to Gen emilio Aguinaldo in 1898, Sergio Osmeña was a personal aide to the Spanish
governor of Cebu in 1898. He later served as
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Councilor, Municipality of Cebu (1903)
Provincial Fiscal of Cebu and Negros Oriental (1904)
Governor of Cebu (1906)
Assemblyman, then Representative, representing 2nd District of Cebu (1907-1922)
o 1st Legislature (1907-1910)
o 2nd Legislature (1910-1913)
o 3rd Legislature (1913-1916)
o 4th Legislature (1916-1919)
o 5th Legislature (1919-1921)
Speaker of the Philippine Assembly, (1907-1916)
Speaker of the House of Representatives (1916-1922)
Senator for the Tenth Senatorial District (Cebu) (1922-1935
o Sixth Legislature (1922-1925)
o Seventh Legislature (1925-1928)
o Eighth Legislature (1928-1931)
o 9th Legislature (1931-1934)
o 10th Legislature (1934-1935)
Senate President Pro Tempore (1922-1934)
Vice President of the Commonwealth (1935-1944)
Secretary of Public Instruction (1935-1938)
He ran for election to the first Philippine Assembly of 1907 and was elected Speaker of that body. Osmeña was only 29 and already
the highest-ranking Filipino official.
Osmeña became president of the Commonwealth on Quezon's death in 1944. He returned to the Philippines the same year with
General Douglas MacArthur and the liberation forces. After the war, Osmeña restored the Commonwealth government and the
various executive departments.
He continued the fight for Philippine independence. His term as fourth President (of the Philippine Commonwealth) overlapped
with that Jose P. Laurel, third President ( of the Second Republic under the Japanese ) until the end of World war II.
For the presidential election of 1946, Osmeña refused to campaign, saying that the Filipino people knew of his record of 40 years
of honest and faithful service. He was defeated by Manuel Roxas, who won 54 percent of the vote and became the fifth President
and first President of the independent Third Republic of the Philippines.
After his defeat in the 1946 election, Osmeña retired to his home in Cebu. He served in the Council of State of the Roxas, Quirino,
Magsaysay and Garcia administrations.
He died at the age of 83 on October 19, 1961, at the Veteran's Memorial Hospital in Quezon City. He is buried in the Manila North
Cemetery in Manila.
Manuel Roxas - Fifth President
First President of the Independent Third Republic of the Philippines
Manuel Acuña Roxas (January 1, 1892 ? April 15, 1948) was the first president of the independent Republic of the Philippines. He
served as president from the granting of independence in 1946 until his abrupt death in 1948. His reign as Philippine president is
also the shortest; 1 year 10 months and 18 days.
When the Congress of the Philippines was convened in 1945, the legislators elected in 1941 chose Roxas as Senate President. In
the Philippine national elections of 1946, Roxas ran for president as the nominee of the liberal wing of the Nacionalista Party. He
had the staunch support of General MacArthur. His opponent was Sergio Osmea, who refused to campaign, saying that the Filipino
people knew his reputation. However, in the April 23, 1946 election, Roxas won 54 percent of the vote, and the Liberal Party won a
majority in the legislature. When the Philippines gained independence from the United States on July 4, 1946, he became the first
president of the new republic. In 1948, Roxas declared amnesty for those arrested for collaborating with the Japanese during World
War II, except for those who had committed violent crimes. Manuel Roxas married Trinidad R. de Leon of Bulacan. They had two
(2) children - Ma. Rosario "Ruby", married to Vicente Roxas; and Gerardo "Gerry" who married Judy Araneta.
Elpidio Quirino - Sixth President
Second President of the Third Republic
Elpidio Rivera Quirino (November 16, 1890 February 29, 1956) was a Filipino politician, and the sixth President of the
Philippines.
He was born in Vigan, Ilocos Sur to Mariano Quirino and Gregoria Rivera, Quirino spent his early years in Aringay, La Union.
Quirino assumed the presidency on April 17, 1948, taking his oath of office two days after the death of Manuel Roxas. The next
year, he was elected president on his own right for a four-year term as the candidate of the Liberal Party, defeating Jose P. Laurel
of the Nacionalista Party.
Quirino's administration faced a serious threat in the form of the communist Hukbalahap movement. Though the Huks originally
had been an anti-Japanese guerrilla army in Luzon, communists steadily gained control over the leadership, and when Quirino's
negotiation with Huk commander Luis Taruc broke down in 1948, Taruc openly declared himself a Communist and called for the
overthrow of the government. His six years as president were marked by notable postwar reconstruction, general economic gains,
and increased economic aid from the United States. Basic social problems, however, particularly in the rural areas, remained
unsolved, and his administration was tainted by widespread graft and corruption. On 1950, the administration of president Quirino
was beginning the Korean War and over 7,450 Filipino soldiers was sended to Korea under the designation of the Philippine
Expeditionary Forces to Korea or PEFTOK. Although ill, Quirino ran for re-election in 1953, but he was overwhelmingly defeated
by Ramon Magsaysay.
Ramon Magsaysay - Seventh President
Third President of the Third Republic
Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay (August 31, 1907 - March 17, 1957) was the third President of the Third Republic of the Philippines
from December 30, 1953 until his death in a plane crash in 1957. He was elected President under the banner of the Nacionalista
Party. In the Election of 1953, Magsaysay was decisively elected president over the incumbent Elpidio Quirino. He was sworn into
office wearing the Barong Tagalog, a first by a Philippine president.
As president, he was a close friend and supporter of the United States and a vocal spokesman against communism during the Cold
War. He led the foundation of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization also known as the Manila Pact of 1954, that aimed to defeat
communist-Marxist movements in South East Asia, South Asia and the Southwestern Pacific. During his term, he made Malacang
Palace literally a "house of the people", opening its gates to the public.
One example of his integrity followed a demonstration flight aboard a new plane belonging to the Philippines Air Force (PAF).
President Magsaysay asked what the operating costs per hour were for that type of aircraft, then wrote a personal check to the PAF,
covering the cost of his flight.
On March 16, 1957 Magsaysay left Manila for Cebu City where he spoke at three educational institutions. That same night, at
about 1 a.m., he boarded the presidential plane "Mt. Pinatubo", a C-47, heading back to Manila. In the early morning hours of
March 17, his plane was reported missing. It was late in the afternoon that day that newspapers reported that the airplane had
crashed (plane crash) on Mt. Manunggal in Cebu and that 25 of the 26 passengers and crew aboard were killed. Only
newspaperman Nstor Mata survived. Vice President Carlos P. Garca, who was on an official visit to Australia at the time, assumed
the presidency to serve out the last eight months of Magsaysay's term.
Carlos P. Garcia - Eight President
Fourth President of the Third Republic
Carlos Polistico Garcia (November 4, 1896 June 14, 1971) was the 8th President of the Philippines. The Vice President of
President Ramon Magsaysay, he assumed the presidency upon Magsaysay's death in a plane crash in 1957. Garca won the
presidential elections held later that year, but was defeated for re-election in 1961 by his Vice-President, Diosdado Macapagal. His
administration was known for its "Filipino First" policy, which put the interests of the Filipino people above those of foreigners and
of the ruling party.
Garca was born in Talibon, Bohol to Policronio Garcia and Ambrosia Polstico (who were both natives of Bangued, Abra). He is
featured as the lone star in the Bohol provincial flag as the only Philippine President produced by the province
He assumed the presidency after Ramn Magsaysay died in a plane crash on March 17, 1957, and was elected later the same year, in
the Election 1957, to a full term. During his administration, he acted on the BohlenSerrano Agreement which shortened the lease of
the US Bases from 99 years to 25 years and made it renewable after every five years. He also exercised the Filipino First Policy, for
which he was known. This policy heavily favored Filipino businessmen over foreign investors. He was also responsible for changes
in retail trade which greatly affected the Chinese businessmen in the country. He also made a program focused on thriftiness. At the
end of his second term, he ran for reelection in the Election 1961 in November 1961, but was defeated by Diosdado Macapagal,
who served as Vice-President under him, but belonged to the opposing Liberal Party - in the Philippines the President and the VicePresident are elected separately.
Diosdado Macapagal - Ninth President
Fifth President of the Third Republic
Diosdado Pangan Macapagal (September 28, 1910 ? April 21, 1997) was a Filipino statesman who served as the 9th President of
the Philippines. He was elected in 1961, defeating the re-election bid of Carlos P. Garcia. He did not win in his own re-election bid
in 1965, losing to Ferdinand Marcos. He was also known by his nickname "The Incorruptible". His daughter, Gloria MacapagalArroyo, is the current president of the Philippines.
He is also known for changing the day of Philippine Independence, which was then July 4, 1946, into June 12, 1898 Macapagal
was born in Lubao, Pampanga, to Urbano Macapagal and Romana Pangan. He graduated valedictorian in the Lubao Elementary
School, graduated with second highest rating in the Pampanga High School. His family was poor (hence his nickname "poor boy
from Lubao"), but with the help of Honorio Ventura, the Secretary of Interior at that time, he studied law and graduated in the
University of Santo Tomas and pursued and earned the postgraduate degree of Doctor of Civil Law and Ph.D. in Economics in the
same university. He finished his law degree in 1936 and was the bar topnotcher when he took the bar examination in the same year
with a rating of 89.95 In 1971, Macapagal was elected president of the constitutional convention that drafted what became the 1973
constitution. He passed away in April 21, 1997 at aged 86 in Makati City, Metro Manila
Ferdinand E. Marcos - President
Sixth President of the Third Republic
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edral?Marcos (September 11, 1917 ? September 28, 1989) was President of the Philippines from 1965 to
1986. He was a lawyer, member of the Philippine House of Representatives (1949-1959) and a member of the Philippine Senate
(1959-1965). During World War II he claimed to be the leader of Ang Maharlika, a guerrilla force in northern Luzon. In 1963 he
became Senate President. As Philippine president and strongman, his greatest achievement was in the fields of infrastructure
development and international diplomacy. However, his administration was marred by massive authoritative government
corruption, despotism, nepotism, political repression and human rights violations. He has also led a large personality cult in the
Philippines during his regime, which was often compared to Joseph Stalin, Adolf Hitler, Mao Zedong, Saparmurat Niyazov, and
Kim Il-Sung.[1] In 1986 he was removed from power during the People Power Revolution after it was revealed he had moved
hundreds of millions of dollars of embezzled public funds to the United States.
Corazon C. Aquino - Eleventh President
First President of the Fourth Republic (1986 Constitution)
Maria Corazon Suumulong Cojuangco-Aquino (January 25, 1933 August 1, 2009), widely known as Cory Aquino, was the 11th
President of the Philippines, serving from 1986 to 1992. She was the first female President of the Philippines and was Asia's first
female President (except Soong Ching-ling, Honorary President and acting Chairman of China). She is a world-renowned advocate
of democracy, peace, women's empowerment, and religious piety.
A self-proclaimed "plain housewife", Aquino was married to Senator Benigno Aquino, Jr. (19321983), a leading figure in the
political opposition against the autocratic rule of President Ferdinand Marcos. After her husband was assassinated upon his return
from exile in the United States on August 21, 1983, Aquino, who had no prior political experience, became a focal point and
unifying force of the opposition against Marcos. She was drafted to run against Marcos in the 1986 snap presidential elections.
After Marcos was proclaimed the winner despite widespread reports of electoral fraud, Aquino was installed as President by the
peaceful 1986 People Power Revolution.
Aquino's presidency saw the restoration of democratic institutions in the Philippines, through the enactment of a new Constitution
which limited the powers of the presidency, restored the bicameral Congress, and renewed emphasis on civil liberties. Her
administration was likewise hampered by several military coup attempts by disaffected members of the Philippine military which
derailed a return to full political stability and economic development.
Aquino died of cardiopulmonary arrest after complications of colon cancer at the age of 76 on August 1, 2009, 3:18 a.m., at the
Makati Medical Center. Aquino was diagnosed with the disease in March 2008 but kept up public appearances in 2009. A devout
Catholic, she was a regular at weekend Catholic mass until shortly before being admitted to hospital in late June 2009.
Aquino's body was first laid in state at a public wake at the St. Benilde Gymnasium of La Salle Green Hills in Mandaluyong up to
August 3, when it was later transferred to the Manila Cathedral. She was the first member of the laity to have been permitted to lie
in state in the cathedral. This honor has always been reserved for deceased archbishops of Manila. A crowd with an estimated
number of 120,000 people showed up to witness the transfer of her remains from La Salle Green Hills to the Manila Cathedral.
The funeral procession lasted for almost eight hours, with hundreds of thousands of mourners flashing the "Laban" (fight) signs
lined the route from the cathedral to the Manila Memorial Park in Sucat, Paraaque. When the cortege reached the cemetery, Aquino
was given full military honors, where a two-star general acting as a military host and eight one-star generals as pallbearers carried
the president's flag-draped coffin.
Fidel V. Ramos - Twelfth President
Second President of the Fourth Republic (1986 Constitution)
Fidel Valdez Ramos (born March 18, 1928) was the 12th President of the Philippines. He succeeded Corazon Aquino and governed
until 1998, when he was succeeded by Joseph Estrada. He was the first, and to date the only, non-Roman Catholic president of the
Philippines. During the authoritarian regime of President Ferdinand Marcos, Ramos was head of the Philippine Constabulary,
implementing Marcos' declaration of martial law. In the 1986 People Power Revolution, Ramos defected from the government and
was a key figure in the civilian demonstrations that forced Marcos into exile. The first half of Ramos' six-year term as President
was characterized by rapid economic growth and political stability in the country despite facing communist insurgencies, an
Islamic separatist movement in Mindanao, and the onslaught of the 1997 Asian financial crisis.
Joseph E. Estrada - Thirteenth President
Third President of the Fourth Republic (1986 Constitution)
Jose Marcelo Ejercito (born on April 19, 1937), better known as Joseph Ejercito Estrada, or Erap, is a film actor in the Philippines
and was the 13th President of the Philippines from June 30, 1998 to January 20, 2001.
Estrada or "Erap" (from the reversed spelling of pare, Filipino slang for 'pal' or 'buddy'), often played heroes of the downtrodden
classes, which gained him the admiration of a lot of the nation's many unschooled and impoverished citizens. "Erap jokes," Fidel V.
Ramos (Chairman, Presidential Anti Crime Commission) Previous Positions: Mayor of San Juan Senator Vice President of the
Philippines June 30, 1992-June 30, 1998
The Estrada presidency was soon dogged by charges of plunder and corruption. He was reported by his Chief of Staff Aprodicio
Laquian to have allegedly spent long hours drinking with shady characters as well as "midnight drinking sessions" with some of his
cabinet members during meetings. In October 2000, an acknowledged gambling racketeer, Luis "Chavit" Singson, governor of the
province of Ilocos Sur, alleged that he had personally given Estrada the sum of 400 million pesos ($8,255,933) as payoff from
illegal gambling profits, as well as 180 million pesos ($3,715,170) from the government price subsidy for the tobacco farmers'
marketing cooperative. Singson's allegation caused an uproar across the nation, which culminated in Estrada's impeachment by the
House of Representatives in November 13, 2000. The articles of impeachment were then transmitted to the Senate and an
impeachment court was formed, with Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. as presiding officer.
He was peacefully overthrown by the Second People Power Revolution after his aborted impeachment trial in the Senate, where
eleven Philippine senators refused to examine the second envelope of the Jose Velarde bank account that would supposedly prove
acts of political corruption.
On April 4, 2001, the trial of Estrada began as Ombudsman Aniano Desierto filed before the Sandiganbayan, a Philippine anti-graft
court, a PHP 4-billion plunder suit and a minor perjury charge for falsely declaring his assets and illegally using the Jose Velarde
alias. On September 12, 2007, he became the first Philippine President to be convicted of a crime after the Sandiganbayan found
him guilty of plunder, which is punishable by reclusion perpetua. He was detained in his Tanay, Rizal resthouse but then pardoned
by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on October 25, 2007.
He ran in the presidential election in 2010 but lost to Noynoy Aquino.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo - Fourteenth President
Fourth President of the Fourth Republic (1986 Constitution)
Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (April 5, 1947) is the fourteenth president of the Philippines. Arroyo is the country's second
female president, and the daughter of late former Philippine President Diosdado Macapagal.
A professor of economics, Arroyo entered government in 1987, serving as assistant secretary and undersecretary of the
Department of Trade and Industry upon the invitation of President Corazon Aquino. After serving as a senator from 1992 to 1998,
she was elected to the vice presidency under President Joseph Estrada, despite having run on an opposing ticket. After Estrada
was accused of corruption, she resigned her cabinet position as Secretary of Social Welfare and Development and joined the
growing opposition to the president, who faced impeachment. Estrada was soon forced from office by peaceful street
demonstrations, and Arroyo was subsequently sworn into the presidency on January 20, 2001. She was elected to a full six-year
presidential term and was sworn in June 30, 2004.
She pursued a Master's Degree in Economics at the Ateneo de Manila University (1978) and a Doctorate Degree in Economics
from the University of the Philippines (1985). From 1977 to 1987, she held teaching positions in different schools
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Assistant Professor, Ateneo de Manila University (1977-87)
Chair, Economics Dept, Assumption College (1984-87)
Professor, UP School of Economics (1977-87)
Professor, Maryknoll College
Professor, St. Scholastica's College
Arroyo was invited by then President Corazon Aquino to enter public service:
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Assistant Secretary, Department of Trade and Industry; 1987-89
Executive Director, Garments and Textile Export Board; 1988-90
Undersecretary, Department of Trade and Industry; 1989-92
Senator (9th Congress), 1992-1998
Chairman, UP Economic Foundation (1994-1998)
Executive Director, Philippine Center for Economic Development (1994-1998)
Member, Presidential Task Force on Tax and Tariff Reforms (1994-1998)
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Member, Technical Working Group of the Philippine National Development Plan for the 21st Century (Committee on
National Framework for Regional Development and Macroeconomics Framework for Development Financing)
Vice President of the Philippines (30 June 1998-20 January 2001) concurrently Secretary of Social Welfare and
Development, July 1998-October 2000
Arroyo considered a run for the presidency in the 1998 election, but later sought the vice-presidency as the running mate of its
presidential candidate, House Speaker Jose de Venecia, Jr. Though de Venecia lost to popular former actor Joseph Ejercito Estrada,
Arroyo won the vice presidency by a large margin, garnering more than twice the votes of her closest opponent, Estrada's running
mate Senator Edgardo Angara.
Arroyo began her term as Vice President on June 30, 1998. Historically, she was the first and only to date female Vice President of
the Philippines. She was appointed by Estrada to a concurrent position in the cabinet as Secretary of Social Welfare and
Development.
Arroyo resigned from the cabinet in October 2000, distancing herself from President Estrada, who was accused of corruption and
later impeached.
On January 20, 2001, after days of political turmoil and popular revolt, the military and the national police withdrew their support
for Estrada. At noon, Arroyo was sworn in as President of the Philippines by Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr.
Arroyo, a practicing economist, has made the economy the focus of her presidency. Economic growth in terms of gross domestic
product has averaged 5.0% during the Arroyo presidency from 2001 up to the first quarter of 2008. This is higher than previous
recent presidents when compared to the 3.8% average of Aquino, the 3.7% average of Ramos, and the 2.8% average of Joseph
Estrada. The Philippine economy grew at its fastest pace in three decades in 2007, with real GDP growth exceeding 7%. Inflation
during the Arroyo presidency has been the lowest since 1986, averaging 2.5%.
Arroyo's handling of the economy has earned praise from observers including former US President Bill Clinton, who praised
Arroyo for making "tough decisions" that put the Philippine economy back in shape.
However, critics such as the managing director of the World Bank, Juan Jose Daboub, criticized the administration for not doing
enough to curb corruption and poverty reduction.
Arroyo's presidency is mired in numerous scandals including allegations of vote rigging in the 2004 presidential elections where
Arroyo was re-elected by beating popular actor Fernando Poe Jr by more than a million votes and allegations of corruption in
National Broadband Network Scandal. Her authority was challenged by the Oakwood Mutiny of 2003 and the Manila Peninsula
"rebellion" of 2007
In 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, impeachment complaints were filed against President Arroyo although none of the cases reached the
required endorsement of 1/3 of the members for transmittal to and trial by the Senate.
On June 30, 2010. she turned over the Presidency to President Benigno Aquino III.
Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III - Fifteenth President
Fifth President of the Fourth Republic (1986 Constitution)
Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III , born February 8, 1960 is the fifteenth and current president of the Philippines. He is the
son of two democracy icons, former President Corazon Aquino (First President of the Fourth Republic and Hero of the Edsa
Revolution of 1986) and former Senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr.
He is also known as Noynoy Aquino or, as he prefers to be called, P-Noy ( for President Noy ). P-Noy is a fourth-generation
politician:
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his great-grandfather, Servillano "Mianong" Aquino, served as a delegate to the Malolos Congress;
his grandfather, Benigno Aquino, Sr., held several legislative positions from 191944;
his parents were former President Corazon Aquino and former Senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr.
P-Noy is a member of the Liberal Party, and was elected President on May 10, 2010.
On August 1, 2009, his mother, former President Corazon Aquino died from colon cancer. People then called on Aquino to run for
president. He officially announced a month later, on September 9, 2009 that he would seek the Presidency with a campaign
platform against poverty. In the May 10, 2010 elections, he won by a landslide over a field of ten candidates. The Congress of the
Philippines proclaimed June 9, 2010, Benigno Aquino III the winner of the 2010 presidential election with 15,208,678 votes.
On June 30, 2010, at the Quirino Grandstand in Rizal Park, Manila, Aquino was sworn into office as the fifteenth President of the
Philippines, succeeding Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, by Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines Conchita CarpioMorales.
Born in Manila, Aquino graduated from Ateneo de Manila University in 1981 with a Bachelor's Degree in Economic and joined his
family in their exile in the United States shortly thereafter. He returned to the Philippines in 1983 shortly after the assassination of
his father on August 21, 1981.
He held several positions working in the private sector.
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Assistant of the Executive Director of Philippine Business for Social Progress
Assistant Retail Sales Supervisor, Mondragon Industries
Assistant Promotions Manager, Nike Philippines
Vice President, Intra-Strata Assurance Corporation
Executive Assistant/Manager for Field Services, Central Azucarera de Tarlac
Before becoming President, he served 12 years in the Philippine Legislature
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Congressman representing the second district of Tarlac(11th Congres), 1998 - 2001
Congressman representing the second district of Tarlac(12th Congres), 2001 - 2004
Congressman representing the second district of Tarlac(13th Congres), 2004 - 2007
Senator (14th Congress), 2007-2010
The presidential residence of Aquino is Bahay Pangarap (English: House of Dreams), located inside of Malacaang Park, at the
headquarters of the Presidential Security Group across the Pasig River from Malacaang Palace. Aquino is the first President of the
Philippines to make Bahay Pangarap his official residence
On July 30, 2010, Aquino signed Executive Order No. 1, creating the Truth Commission. The commission is tasked to investigate
various anomalies and issues including graft and corruption allegations against the past administration, government officials and
their accomplices in the private sector during the last nine years.[53] The commission has until December 31, 2012 to complete its
mission. Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. will head the commission.
On August 4, 2010, Aquino implemented Executive Order No. 2, signed on July 30, 2010, ordering the immediate removal of all
midnight appointments made by the previous administration for violating the 60-day constitutional ban on presidential
appointments before a national election.
On August 6, 2010, Aquino implemented Executive Order No. 3, signed on July 30, 2010, an executive order revoking Executive
Order No. 883, signed by former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on May 28, 2010, that automatically promoted lawyers in
government executive service to the rank of Career Executive Service Officer III (CESO III).
Aquino launched his official presidential website to create communication between Aquino and the people, getting feedback from
the people, telling Aquino their woes and grievances.
Personal
President Noy does not drink alcoholic beverages. He is the second president not to drink alcohol, the first being Emilio Aguinaldo