Tri Jr. High School Curriculum Mapping Science – Grade 8 1st Nine Weeks Unit/ Lessons Unit 1 Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Standard Key Questions Resources/Activities Vocabulary Assessments (Basic Skills) 8.1.1 8.1.5 8.4.3 Chapter Fast File Animation What is the relationship among atoms, BrainPop Webquest elements, and compounds? How are some mixtures different from solutions? Lab How do mixtures and compounds differ? Substances and Mixtures matter, atom, element, molecule, compound, mixture, heterogeneous mixture, homogenous mixture Leveled Quiz Lab write-ups 8.1.1 Explain that all matter is composed of particular arrangements of atoms and that there are approximately one hundred types of atoms (i.e., elements). 8.1.5 Explain that atoms join together to form molecules and compounds and illustrate with diagrams the relationship between atoms and compounds and between atoms and molecules. 8.4.1 Investigate the properties (i.e., mechanical, chemical, electrical, thermal, magnetic and optical) of natural and engineered materials. Chapter 1 Lesson 2 8.1.4 8.1.5 The Structure of Atoms Where are protons, neutrons, and electrons located in an atom? How is the atomic number related to the number of protons in an atom? What effect does changing the number of particles in an atom have on the atom’s identity? Chapter Fast File Animation BrainPop Webquest Math practice Lab nucleus, proton, neutron, electron, electron cloud, atomic number, isotope, ion Leveled quiz Chapter test 8.1.4 Describe the structure of atoms and relate the arrangement of electrons to how atoms interact with other atoms. 8.1.5 Explain that atoms join together to form molecules and compounds and illustrate with diagrams the relationship between atoms and compounds and between atoms and molecules. 1 Chapter 2 Lesson 1 8.4.1 8.4.2 Solids. Liquids, and Gases How do particles move in liquids, solids, and gases? How are the forces between particles different in solids, liquids, and gases? Chapter Fast File Animation Lab solid, liquid, viscosity, surface tension, gas, vapor Leveled quiz 8.4.1 Understand how the strength of attractive forces among particles in a material helps to explain many physical properties of the material, such as why different materials exist as gases, liquids or solids at a given temperature. 8.4.2 Rank the strength of attractions among the particles of room-temperature materials. Chapter 2 Lesson 2 8.4.1 Changes in state How is temperature related to particle motion? How are temperature and thermal energy different? What happens to thermal energy when matter changes from one state to another? Chapter Fast File Animation Video: Arson Investigation BrainPop Lab kinetic energy, temperature, thermal energy, vaporization, evaporation, condensation, sublimation, deposition Leveled quiz 8.4.1 Understand how the strength of attractive forces among particles in a material helps to explain many physical properties of the material, such as why different materials exist as gases, liquids or solids at a given temperature. Chapter 2 Lesson 3 8.4.3 The Behavior of Gases How does the kinetic molecular theory describe the behavior of a gas? How are temperature, pressure, and volume related to Boyle’s Law? How is Boyle’s Law different form Charles’s Law? Chapter Fast File Animation Virtual Lab/Lab Activity Math Practice Video: Under Pressure Lab kinetic molecular theory, pressure, Boyle’s Law, Charles’s Law Leveled quiz Chapter Test 8.4.3 Investigate the properties (i.e., mechanical, chemical, electrical, thermal, magnetic and optical) of natural and engineered materials. 2 Chapter 3 Lesson 1 8.1.2 Using the Periodic Table How are elements arranged on the periodic table? What can you learn about elements form the periodic table? Chapter Fast File BrainPop Animations: Atomic structure, Periodic Table of Elements Math Practice Lab periodic table, group, period Leveled quiz metal, luster, ductility, malleability, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition element Leveled quiz 8.1.2 Understand that elements are organized on the periodic table based on atomic number. Chapter 3 Lesson 2 8.1.6 Metals What elements are metals? What are the properties of metals? Chapter Fast File Animations: Alkali and Transition Metals Lab 8.1.6 Explain that elements and compounds have characteristic properties such as density, boiling points and melting points that remain unchanged regardless of sample size. Chapter 3 Lesson 3 8.1.6 8.4.3 Nonmetals and Metalloids What are nonmetals and metalloids on the periodic table? What are the properties of nonmetals and metalloids? Chapter Fast File Personal Tutor: Conductivity Webquest Lab nonmetal, halogen, noble gas, metalloid, semiconductor Leveled quiz Chapter Test 8.1.6 Explain that elements and compounds have characteristic properties such as density, boiling points and melting points that remain unchanged regardless of sample size. 8.4.3 Investigate the properties (i.e., mechanical, chemical, electrical, thermal, magnetic and optical) of natural and engineered materials. 3 Curriculum Mapping Science – Grade 8 2nd Nine Weeks Unit/ Lessons Unit 2 Chapter 4 Lesson 1 Standard Key Questions Resources/Activities Vocabulary Assessments (Basic Skills) 8.1.4 Electrons and Energy Levels How is an electron’s energy related to its distance from the nucleus? Why do atoms gain, lose, or share electrons? Chapter Fast File Animation: Elements Personal Tutor: Parts of the Atom BrainPop: Atomic Model Lab chemical bond, valence electron, electron dot diagram Leveled quiz 8.1.4 Describe the structure of atoms and relate the arrangement of electrons to how atoms interact with other atoms. Chapter 4 Lesson 2 8.1.3 8.1.4 8.1.5 8.1.6 Compounds, Chemical Formulas, and Covalent Bonds How do elements differ from the compounds they form? What are some common properties of a covalent compound? Why is water a polar compound? Chapter Fast File Personal Tutor: Chemical Formula WebQuest: Recycling Plastics Lab covalent bond, molecule, polar molecule, chemical formula Leveled quiz 8.1.3 Explain how the arrangement of atoms and molecules determines chemical properties of substances. 8.1.4 Describe the structure of atoms and relate the arrangement of electrons to how atoms interact with other atoms. 8.1.5 Explain that atoms join together to form molecules and compounds and illustrate with diagrams the relationship between atoms and compounds and between atoms and molecules. 8.1.6 Explain that elements and compounds have characteristic properties such as density, boiling points and melting points that remain unchanged regardless of sample size. 4 Chapter 4 Lesson 3 8.1.3 8.1.4 8.1.5 8.1.6 Ionic and Metallic Bond What is an ionic compound? How do metallic bonds differ from covalent and ionic bonds? Chapter Fast File Animations: Ionic, NaCl, & Metallic Bonding Mater Personal Tutor: percentages Lab ion, ionic bond, metallic bond Leveled quiz Chapter Test 8.1.3 Explain how the arrangement of atoms and molecules determines chemical properties of substances 8.1.4 Describe the structure of atoms and relate the arrangement of electrons to how atoms interact with other atoms. 8.1.5 Explain that atoms join together to form molecules and compounds and illustrate with diagrams the relationship between atoms and compounds and between atoms and molecules. 8.1.6 Explain that elements and compounds have characteristic properties such as density, boiling points and melting points that remain unchanged regardless of sample size. Chapter 5 Lesson 1 8.1.7 8.1.8 8.4.3 Understanding Chemical Reactions What are some signs that a chemical reaction might have occurred? What happens to atoms during a chemical reaction? What happens to the total mass in a chemical reaction? Chapter Fast File Interactive Table Personal Tutor: Balancing Equations Lab chemical reaction, chemical equation, reactant, product, law of conservation of mass, coefficient Leveled quiz 8.1.7 Explain that chemical changes occur when substances react and form one or more different products, whose physical and chemical properties are different from those of the reactants. 8.1.8 Demonstrate that in a chemical change the total numbers of each kind of atom in the product are the same as in the reactants and that the total mass of the reacting system is conserved. 8.4.3 Investigate the properties (i.e., mechanical, chemical, electrical, thermal, magnetic and optical) of natural and engineered materials. Chapter 5 Lesson 2 8.1.7 8.1.8 Types of Chemical Reactions How can you recognize the type of chemical reaction by the number or type of reactants and products? What are the different types of chemical reactions? Chapter Fast File Animation: Reactions Video: Arson Lab synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, combustion Leveled quiz 8.1.7 Explain that chemical changes occur when substances react and form one or more different products, whose physical and chemical properties are different from those of the reactants. 8.1.8 Demonstrate that in a chemical change the total numbers of each kind of atom in the product are the same as in the reactants and that the total mass of the reacting system is conserved. 5 Chapter 5 Lesson 3 8.4.3 Energy Changes and Chemical Reactions Why do chemical reactions always involve a change in energy? What is the difference between an endothermic and an exothermic reaction? What factors can affect the rate of a chemical reaction? Chapter Fast File Math Practice Lab Activity endothermic, Leveled quiz exothermic, Chapter test activation energy, catalyst, enzyme, inhibitor 8.4.3 Investigate the properties (i.e., mechanical, chemical, electrical, thermal, magnetic and optical) of natural and engineered materials. 6 Curriculum Mapping Science – Grade 8 3rd Nine Weeks Unit/ Lessons Unit 3 Chapter 6 Lesson 1 Standard Key Questions Resources/Activities Vocabulary Assessments (Basic Skills) 8.2.4 Describing Earth’s Atmosphere How did Earth’s atmosphere form? What is Earth’s atmosphere made of? What are the layers of the atmosphere? How do air pressure and temperature change as altitude increases? Chapter Fast File Animation: Layer of the atmosphere Webquest Video: Sky Show Lab atmosphere, water vapor, troposphere, stratosphere, ozone layer, ionosphere Leveled quiz 8.2.4 Describe the physical and chemical composition of the atmosphere at different elevations. Chapter 6 Lesson 2 8.2.1 Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere Chapter Fast File radiation, Leveled quiz Animation: conduction, How does energy transfer from the Sun Greenhouse Effect convection, to Earth and the atmosphere? Personal Tutor: C, C stability, How are air circulation patterns within &R temperature the atmosphere created? Lab inversion 8.2.1 Recognize and demonstrate how the sun’s energy drives convection in the atmosphere and in bodies of water, which results in ocean currents and weather patterns. Chapter 6 Lesson 3 8.2.1 Air Currents How does uneven heating of Earth’s surface result in air movement? How are air currents on Earth affected by Earth’s spin? What are the main wind belts on Earth? Chapter Fast File Personal Tutor: Coriolis Effect Video: Electrifying Wind Lab wind, trade Leveled quiz wind, westerlies, polar easterlies, jet stream, sea breeze, land breeze 8.2.1 Recognize and demonstrate how the sun’s energy drives convection in the atmosphere and in bodies of water, which results in ocean currents and weather patterns. 7 Chapter 6 Lesson 4 8.2.4 8.2.6 Air Quality How do humans impact air quality? Why do humans monitor air quality standards? Chapter Fast File Math Practice Webquest BrainPop Lab air pollution, acid precipitation, photochemical smog, particulate matter Leveled quiz Chapter Test 8.2.4 Describe the physical and chemical composition of the atmosphere at different elevations. 8.2.6 Identify, explain and discuss some effects human activities (e.g., air, soil, light, noise and water pollution) have on the biosphere. Chapter 7 Lesson 1 8.2.2 Describing Weather What is weather? What variables are used to describe weather? How is weather related to the water cycle? Chapter Fast File Animation: The water cycle Video – weather BrainPop – Clouds Lab weather, air pressure, humidity, relative humidity, dew point, precipitation, water cycle Leveled quiz 8.2.2 Describe and model how water moves through the earth’s crust, atmosphere and oceans in a cyclic way as a liquid vapor and solid. Chapter 7 Lesson 2 8.2.1 8.2.5 Weather Patterns What are two types of pressure systems? What drives weather patterns? Why is it useful to understand weather patterns? What are some examples of severe weather? Chapter Fast File Animations: Tornados Video – weather Lab high and low pressure systems, air mass, front, tornado, hurricane, blizzard Leveled quiz 8.2.1 Recognize and demonstrate how the sun’s energy drives convection in the atmosphere and in bodies of water, which results in ocean currents and weather patterns. 8.2.5 Describe the conditions that cause Indiana weather and weather-related events such as tornadoes, lake effect snow, blizzards, thunderstorms and flooding. Chapter 7 Lesson 3 8.2.4 Weather Forecast What instruments are used to measure weather variables? How are computer models used to predict the weather? 8 Chapter Fast File Concepts in Motion Animation: weather map Lab surface report, upper-air report, Doppler radar, isobar, computer model Leveled quiz Chapter test 8.2.4 Describe the physical and chemical composition of the atmosphere at different elevations. Chapter 8 Lesson 1 8.2.2 Composition and Structure of Earth’s Oceans Why are the oceans salty? What does the seafloor look like? How do temperature, salinity, and density affect ocean structure? Chapter Fast File Animation: Ocean Basin Features BrainPop: Ocean Floor Lab salinity, seawater, brackish, abyssal plain Leveled quiz 8.2.2 Describe and model how water moves through the earth’s crust, atmosphere and oceans in a cyclic way as a liquid vapor and solid. Chapter 8 Lesson 2 Ocean Waves and Tides 8.2.2 What causes ocean waves? What causes tides? Chapter Fast File Animation: Water Waves BrainPop: Tides Lab tsunami, sea level, tide, tidal range, spring tide, neap tide Leveled quiz 8.2.2 Describe and model how water moves through the earth’s crust, atmosphere and oceans in a cyclic way as a liquid vapor and solid. Chapter 8 Lesson 3 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 Ocean currents What are the major types of ocean currents? How do ocean currents affect weather and climate? Chapter Fast File Personal Tutor: Coriolis Effect BrainPop: Ocean Currents Lab ocean current, gyre, Coriolis effect, upwelling Leveled quiz 8.2.1 Recognize and demonstrate how the sun's energy drives convection in the atmosphere and in bodies of water, which results in ocean currents and weather patterns. 8.2.2 Describe and model how water moves through the earth’s crust, atmosphere and oceans in a cyclic way as a liquid vapor and solid. 8.2.3 Describe the characteristics of ocean currents and identify their effects on weather patterns. Chapter 8 Lesson 4 8.2.6 8.2.8 Environmental Impacts on Oceans How does pollution affect marine organisms? How does global climate change affect marine ecosystems? What is it important to keep oceans healthy? 9 Chapter Fast File Video: Coral Condos Lab marine, harmful algal bloom, coral bleaching Leveled quiz Chapter test 8.2.6 Identify, explain and discuss some effects human activities (e.g., air, soil, light, noise and water pollution) have on the biosphere. 8.2.8 Explain that human activities, beginning with the earliest herding and agricultural activities, have drastically changed the environment and have affected the capacity of the environment to support native species. Explain current efforts to reduce and eliminate these impacts and encourage sustainability. Chapter 9 Lesson 1 8.2.6 8.2.7 8.2.8 People and Environment What is the relationship between resource availability and human population growth? How do daily activities impact the environment? Chapter Fast File BrainPop: Population Growth Lab population, carrying capacity Leveled quiz 8.2.6 Identify, explain and discuss some effects human activities (e.g., air, soil, light, noise and water pollution) have on the biosphere. 8.2.7 Recognize that some of Earth’s resources are finite and describe how recycling, reducing consumption and the development of alternatives can reduce the rate of their depletion. 8.2.8 Explain that human activities, beginning with the earliest herding and agricultural activities, have drastically changed the environment and have affected the capacity of the environment to support native species. Explain current efforts to reduce and eliminate these impacts and encourage sustainability. Chapter 9 Lesson 2 8.2.6 8.2.7 8.2.8 Impacts on the Land What are the consequences of using land as a resource? How does proper waste management help prevent pollution? What actions help protect the land? Chapter Fast File Math practice: percentages Lab deforestation, desertification, urban sprawl, reforestation, reclamation Leveled quiz 8.2.6 Identify, explain and discuss some effects human activities (e.g., air, soil, light, noise and water pollution) have on the biosphere. 8.2.7 Recognize that some of Earth’s resources are finite and describe how recycling, reducing consumption and the development of alternatives can reduce the rate of their depletion. 8.2.8 Explain that human activities, beginning with the earliest herding and agricultural activities, have drastically changed the environment and have affected the capacity of the environment to support native species. Explain current efforts to reduce and eliminate these impacts and encourage sustainability. Chapter 9 Lesson 3 10 8.2.6 8.2.7 8.2.8 Impacts on Water How do humans use water as a resource? How can pollution affect water quality? What actions help prevent water pollution? Chapter Fast File Personal Tutor: Water Cycle Webquest Lab point-source and nonpointsource pollution Leveled quiz 8.2.6 Identify, explain and discuss some effects human activities (e.g., air, soil, light, noise and water pollution) have on the biosphere. 8.2.7 Recognize that some of Earth’s resources are finite and describe how recycling, reducing consumption and the development of alternatives can reduce the rate of their depletion. 8.2.8 Explain that human activities, beginning with the earliest herding and agricultural activities, have drastically changed the environment and have affected the capacity of the environment to support native species. Explain current efforts to reduce and eliminate these impacts and encourage sustainability. Chapter 9 Lesson 4 8.2.6 8.2.7 8.2.8 Impacts on the Atmosphere What are some types of air pollution? How are global warming and the carbon cycle related? How does air pollution affect human health? Chapter Fast File Animations: Carbon Cycle, Greenhouse Effect Table: Air Quality Personal Tutor: What is pH? Lab photochemical Leveled quiz smog, acid Chapter test precipitation, particulate matter, global warming, greenhouse effect, air quality index 8.2.6 Identify, explain and discuss some effects human activities (e.g., air, soil, light, noise and water pollution) have on the biosphere. 8.2.7 Recognize that some of Earth’s resources are finite and describe how recycling, reducing consumption and the development of alternatives can reduce the rate of their depletion. 8.2.8 Explain that human activities, beginning with the earliest herding and agricultural activities, have drastically changed the environment and have affected the capacity of the environment to support native species. Explain current efforts to reduce and eliminate these impacts and encourage sustainability. 11 Curriculum Mapping Science – Grade 8 4th Nine Weeks Unit/ Lessons Unit 3 Chapter 10 Lesson 1 Standard Key Questions Resources/Activities Vocabulary Chapter Fast File Animations: Meiosis Interactive Tables Math practice: proportions BrainPop: Fertilization and birth Lab sexual reproduction, egg, sperm, fertilization, zygote, diploid, homologous, haploid, meiosis Assessments (Basic Skills) 8.3.1 8.3.2 8.3.3 8.3.10 Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis What is sexual reproduction, and why is it beneficial? What is the order of the phases of meiosis, and what happens during each phase? Why is meiosis important? Leveled quiz 8.3.1 Explain that reproduction is essential for the continuation of every species and is the mechanism by which all organisms transmit genetic information. 8.3.2 Compare and contrast the transmission of genetic information in sexual and asexual reproduction. 8.3.3 Explain that genetic information is transmitted from parents to offspring mostly by chromosomes. 8.3.10 Recognize and describe how new varieties of organisms have come about from selective breeding. Chapter 10 Lesson 2 8.3.1 8.3.2 Asexual Reproduction What is asexual reproduction, and why is it beneficial? How do the types of asexual reproduction differ? Chapter Fast File Virtual Lab Lab asexual reproduction, fission, budding, regeneration, vegetative reproduction, cloning Leveled quiz Chapter test 8.3.1 Explain that reproduction is essential for the continuation of every species and is the mechanism by which all organisms transmit genetic information. 8.3.2 Compare and contrast the transmission of genetic information in sexual and asexual reproduction. 12 Chapter 11 Lesson 1 8.3.1 Mendel and His Pea Why did Mendel perform crosspollination experiments? What did Mendel conclude about inherited traits? How do dominant and recessive factors interact? Chapter Fast File Interactive Table: Hybrid Crosses BrainPop: Heredity Lab heredity, genetics, dominant trait, recessive trait Leveled quiz 8.3.1 Explain that reproduction is essential for the continuation of every species and is the mechanism by which all organisms transmit genetic information. Chapter 11 Lesson 2 8.3.3 8.3.5 Understanding Inheritance What determines the expression of traits? How can inheritance be modeled? How do some patterns of inheritance differ from Mendel’s model? Chapter Fast File Animations: polygenic inheritance Personal Tutor: Punnett Squares BrainPop: Heredity Lab gene, allele, phenotype, genotype, homozygous, heterozygous, Punnett square, incomplete dominance, codominance, polygenic inheritance Leveled quiz 8.3.3 Explain that genetic information is transmitted from parents to offspring mostly by chromosomes. 8.3.5 Identify and describe the difference between inherited traits and the physical and behavioral traits that are acquired or learned. Chapter 11 Lesson 3 8.3.4 DNA and Genetics What is DNA? What is the role of RNA in protein production? How do changes in the sequence of DNA affect traits? Chapter Fast File Animations: DNA Lab 8.3.4 Understand the relationship between deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), genes and chromosomes. 13 DNA, nucleotide, replication, RNA, transcription, translation, mutation Leveled quiz Chapter Test Chapter 12 Lesson 1 8.3.9 Fossil Evidence of Evolution How do fossils form? How do scientists data fossils? How are fossils evidence of biological evolution? Chapter Fast File Math Practice Virtual Lab: using rocks to date fossils BrainPop: Fossils Lab fossil record, Leveled quiz mold, cast, trace fossil, geologic time scale, extinction, biological evolution 8.3.9 Describe the effect of environmental changes on populations of organisms when their adaptive characteristics put them at a disadvantage for survival. Describe how extinction of a species can ultimately result from a disadvantage. Chapter 12 Lesson 2 8.3.7 8.3.8 8.3.10 Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Who was Charles Darwin? How does Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection explain how species change over time? Chapter Fast File Personal Tutor: Natural Selection Video: Killer Bees Webquest: Origins of Birds Lab naturalist, variation, natural selection, adaptation, camouflage, mimicry, selective breeding Leveled quiz 8.3.7 Recognize and explain that small genetic differences between parents and offspring can accumulate in successive generations so that descendants may be different from their ancestors. 8.3.8 Examine traits of individuals within a population of organisms that may give them an advantage in survival and reproduction in given environments or when the environments change. 8.3.10 Recognize and describe how new varieties of organisms have come about from selective breeding. Chapter 12 Lesson 3 8.3.6 8.3.8 8.3.9 Biological Evidence of Evolution What evidence from living species supports the theory that species descended from other species over time? How are Earth’s organisms related? Chapter Fast File Lab comparative anatomy, homologous structure, analogous structure, embryology Leveled quiz Chapter test 8.3.6 Observe anatomical structures of a variety of organisms and describe their similarities and differences. Use the data collected to organize the organisms into groups and predict their relatedness. 8.3.8 Examine traits of individuals within a population of organisms that may give them an advantage in survival and reproduction in given environments or when the environments change. 8.3.9 Describe the effect of environmental changes on populations of organisms when their adaptive characteristics put them at a disadvantage for survival. Describe how extinction of a species can ultimately result from a disadvantage. 14 Chapter 13 Lesson 1 8.3.6 What defines an animal? What characteristics do all animals have? How are animals classified? Chapter Fast File Animation: Animal Classifications Webquest: Classifying and comparing worms Lab vertebrate, Leveled quiz invertebrates, radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry, asymmetry 8.3.6 Observe anatomical structures of a variety of organisms and describe their similarities and differences. Use the data collected to organize the organisms into groups and predict their relatedness. Chapter 13 Lesson 2 8.3.6 Invertebrate Phyla What are the characteristics of invertebrates? How do the invertebrate phyla differ? Chapter Fast File Virtual Lab: Classifications BrainPop: Invertebrates Lab exoskeleton, appendage Leveled quiz 8.3.6 Observe anatomical structures of a variety of organisms and describe their similarities and differences. Use the data collected to organize the organisms into groups and predict their relatedness. Chapter 13 Lesson 3 8.3.6 Phylum Chordata What are the characteristics of all chordates? What are the characteristics of all vertebrates? How do the classes of vertebrates differ? Chapter Fast File chordate BrainPop” Vertebrates notochord Lab Leveled quiz Chapter test 8.3.6 Observe anatomical structures of a variety of organisms and describe their similarities and differences. Use the data collected to organize the organisms into groups and predict their relatedness. 15