INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY PROGRAM
Microeconomics Course Outline
《微观经济学》课程教学大纲
课程名称：MICROECONOMICS/微观经济学
课程类别：学科及专业基础课
课程性质：必修/学位课
适用专业：国际经济、贸易与管理
学 时 数：64
学 分 数：4
考核方式：结合平时参与、论文和考试
主要教学参考书：
N. G. Mankiw，Principles of Microeconomics. 6th ed. South-Western College
Pub; 6 edition (February 7, 2011)
Book Description
With its clear and engaging writing style, PRINCIPLES OF MICROECONOMICS,
Sixth Edition, continues to be one of the most popular books on economics
available today. Mankiw emphasizes material that you are likely to find
interesting about the economy (particularly if you are studying economics
for the first time), including real-life scenarios, useful facts, and the
many ways economic concepts play a role in the decisions you make every day.
About the Author
N. Gregory Mankiw is Professor of Economics at Harvard University. As a
student, he studied economics at Princeton University and MIT. As a teacher,
he has taught macroeconomics, microeconomics, statistics, and principles
of economics. He even spent one summer long ago as a sailing instructor on
Long Beach Island.
Professor Mankiw is a prolific writer and a regular participant in academic
and policy debates. His research includes work on price adjustment, consumer
behavior, financial markets, monetary and fiscal policy, and economic
growth. His published articles have appeared in academic journals, such as
the American Economic Review, Journal of Political Economy, and Quarterly
1
Journal of Economics, and in more widely accessible forums, such as The New
York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, and Fortune.
In addition to his teaching, research, and writing, Professor Mankiw has
been a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research, an
adviser to the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and the Congressional Budget
Office, and a member of the ETS test development committee for the advanced
placement exam in economics. From 2003 to 2005 he served as Chairman of the
President's Council of Economic Advisers.
Professor Mankiw lives in Wellesley, Massachusetts, with his wife, three
children, and border terrier Tobin. --This text refers to an out of print
or unavailable edition of this title.
其它教学参考书：
There are many other Principles of Microeconomics texts available from
the library.
开课单位：管理学院国际经济与贸易系
课程简介：
本课程是国家教育部财经类专业的核心课程之一。本课程主要以单个经济单位
的经济行为为研究对象，分析在市场机制作用下的资源配置问题。其主要内容
包括：供求理论、消费者行为理论、生产理论、成本理论、市场结构理论、博
弈论与微观经济政策等。本课程采用当代一流英文原版教材，采用英语多媒体
国际化教学。通过本课程的学习，使学生全面系统地掌握微观经济学的基本概
念和基本理论；了解市场经济运行的一般原理和政府对国民经济进行微观调控
的依据与方法、手段；帮助学生像经济学家那样用经济学原理去发现、分析和
解决现实社会中的经济问题；提高学生全球化视野及国际化理念。同时也为进
一步学习其它专业知识打下一个坚实的基础。
本门课程对学生知识、能力和素质的培养目标：
1. 掌握微观经济学的基本概念和基本理论；
2. 运用微观经济学原理去发现、分析和解决现实社会中的经济问题；
3. 提高学生全球化视野及国际化理念。
2
第一章 TEN PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS ( 8 学时)
教学目的和要求
Introduction about the course, the author of textbook, the purpose and
the objectives and study way. Learn that economics is about the
allocation of scarce resources. Examine some of the tradeoffs that
people face. Learn the meaning of opportunity cost. See how to use
marginal reasoning when making decisions. Discuss how incentives affect
people's behavior. Consider why trade among people or nations can be
good for everyone. Discuss why markets are a good, but not perfect, way
to allocate resources. Learn what determines some trends in the overall
economy.
教学重点和难点
Purpose and Objectives of the course
Definition of economics
People Face Tradeoffs
The Cost of Something Is What You Give Up to Get It
Rational People Think at the Margin
People Respond to Incentives
Trade Can Make Everyone Better Off
Markets Are Usually a Good Way to Organize Economic Activity
Governments Can Sometimes Improve Market Outcomes
Some trends in the overall economy.
教学内容
一、Introduction
1. Self and Author introduction
2. Purpose of the course
3. Objectives of the course
二、How people make decisions
1. People Face Tradeoffs
2. The Cost of Something Is What You Give Up to Get It
3. Rational People Think at the Margin
4. People Respond to Incentives
三、How people interact
1. Trade Can Make Everyone Better Off
2. Markets Are Usually a Good Way to Organize Economic Activity
3. Governments Can Sometimes Improve Market Outcomes
四、How the economy as a whole works
1. A Country's Standard of Living Depends on Its Ability to Produce Goods
3
and Services
2. Prices Rise When the Government Prints Too Much Money
3. Society Faces a Short-Run Tradeoff between Inflation and
Unemployment
第二章 THINGING LIKE AN ECONOMIST ( 4 学时)
教学目的和要求
See how economists apply the methods of science. Consider how
assumptions and models can shed light on the world. Learn two simple
models-the circular-flow and the production possibilities frontier.
Distinguish between microeconomics and macroeconomics. Learn the
difference between positive and normative statements. Examine the role
of economists in making policy. Consider why economists sometimes
disagree with one another.
教学重点和难点
How assumptions and models can shed light on the world.
Two simple models-the circular-flow and the production possibilities
frontier.
Distinguish between microeconomics and macroeconomics.
Positive and normative statements.
教学内容
一、The economist as Scientist
1. The Scientific Method
2. The Role of Assumptions
3. Economic Models
4. The Circular Flow Diagram
5. Production Possibilities Frontiers
6. Microeconomics vs. Macro Economics
二、The economist as policy maker
1. Positive vs. Normative Analysis
2. Economists in Washington
三、Why economists disagree
1. Differences in Scientific Judgments
2. Differences in Values
3. Charlatans and Cranks
第三章 INTERDEPENDENCE AND THE GAINS FROM TRADE
( 3 学时)
教学目的和要求
Consider how everyone can benefit when people trade with one another.
4
Learn the meaning of absolute advantage and comparative advantage. See
how comparative advantage explains the gains from trade. Apply the
theory of comparative advantage to everyday life and national policy.
教学重点和难点：
The meaning of absolute advantage and comparative advantage.
How comparative advantage explains the gains from trade.
教学内容
一、A parable for the modern economy
1. Production Possibilities
2. Specialization and Trade
二、The principle of comparative advantage
1. Absolute Advantage
2. Opportunity Cost and Comparative Advantage
3. Comparative Advantage and Trade
三、Applications of comparative advantage
1. Should Michael Jordan Mow His Own Lawn?
2. Should United States Trade with Other Countries?
第四章 THE MARKET FORCES OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND ( 5 学时)
教学目的和要求
Learn what a competitive market is. Examine what determines the demand
for a good in a competitive market. Examine what determines the supply
of a good in a competitive market. See how supply and demand together
set the price of a good and the quantity sold. Consider the key role
of prices in allocating scarce resources in market economies.
教学重点和难点：
What a competitive market is.
Demand and the Determinants of Demand.
Supply and the Determinants of Supply.
Shifts in the Demand Curve and shifts in the Supply Curve.
The Law of Demand and Supply.
教学内容
一、Market forces of supply and demand
1. Competitive Markets
2. Competition: Perfect and Otherwise
二、Demand
1. The Determinants of Individual Demand
2. The Demand Schedule and the Demand Curve
3. Ceteris Paribus
5
4. Market Demand vs. Individual Demand
5. Shifts in the Demand Curve
6. Case Study: Two Ways to Reduce the Quantity of Smoking Demanded
三、Supply
1. The Determinants of Individual Supply
2. The Supply Schedule and the Supply Curve
3. Market Supply vs. Individual Supply
4. Shifts in the Demand Curve
四、Supply and demand together
1. Equilibrium
2. Three Steps to Analyzing Changes in Equilibrium
3. Shifts in Curves vs. Movements along Curves
4. How Prices Allocate Resources
第五章
ELASTICITY AND ITS APPLICATION ( 4 学时)
教学目的和要求
Learn the meaning of the elasticity of demand. Examine what determines
the elasticity of demand. Learn the meaning of the elasticity of supply.
Examine what determines the elasticity of supply. Apply the concept of
elasticity in three very different markets.
教学重点和难点
The meaning of the elasticity of demand
Determinants of the elasticity of demand.
Apply the concept of elasticity in reality.
教学内容
一、The elasticity of demand
1. The Price Elasticity of Demand and its Determinants
2. Computing the Price Elasticity of Demand
3. The Variety of Demand Curves
4. Total Revenue and Price Elasticity of Demand
5. Case Study: Pricing Admission to a Museum
6. The Income Elasticity of Demand
二、The elasticity of supply
1．The Price Elasticity of Supply and its Determinants
2. Computing the Price Elasticity of Supply
3. The Variety of Supply Curves
三、Three applications of supply, demand, and elasticity
1. Can Good News for Farming Be Bad News for Farmers?
2. Why Did OPEC Fail to Keep the Price of oil High?
6
3. Does Drug Interdiction Increase or Decrease Drug-Related Crime?
第六章
SUPPLY, DEMAND, AND GOVERNMENT POLICIES ( 4 学时)
教学目的和要求
Examine the effects of government policies that place a ceiling on
prices. Examine the effects of government policies that put a floor
under prices. Consider how a tax on a good affects the price of the good
and the quantity sold. Learn that taxes levied on buyers and taxes levied
on sellers are equivalent. See how the burden of a tax is split between
buyers and sellers.
教学重点和难点
The effects of government policies that place a ceiling on prices.
The effects of government policies that put a floor under prices.
How a tax on a good affects the price of the good and the quantity sold.
How the burden of a tax is split between buyers and sellers.
教学内容
一、Controls on prices
1. How Price Ceilings Affect Market Outcomes
2. Case Study: Lines at the Gas Pump
3. Case Study: Rent Control in the Short Run and Long Run
4. How Price Floors Affect Market Outcomes
5. Case Study: The Minimum Wage
6. Evaluating price Controls
二、Taxes
1. How Taxes on Buyers Affect Market Outcomes
2. How Taxes on Sellers Affect Market Outcomes
3. Elasticity and Tax Incidence
4. Case Study: Who Pays the Luxury Tax?
第七章 CONSUMERS, PRDUCERS, AND THE EFFICIENCY OF MARKETS ( 4 学
时)
教学目的和要求
Examine the link between buyers' willingness to pay for a good and the
demand curve. Learn how to define and measure consumer surplus. Examine
the link between sellers' costs of producing a good and the supply curve.
Learn how to define and measure producer surplus. See that the
equilibrium of supply and demand maximizes total surplus in a market.
教学重点和难点
The link between buyers' willingness to pay for a good and the demand
7
curve
How to define and measure Consumer surplus
The link between sellers' costs of producing a good and the supply curve.
How to define and measure producer surplus.
The equilibrium of supply and demand maximizes total surplus in a
market.
教学内容
一、Consumer surplus
1. Willingness to Pay
2. Using the Demand Curve to Measure Consumer Surplus
3. How a Lower price Raises Consumer Surplus
4. What Does Consumer Surplus Measure?
二、Producer surplus
1. Cost and the Willingness to Sell
2. Using the Supply Curve to Measure Producer Surplus
3. How a Higher Price Raises Producer Surplus
三、Market efficiency
1. The Benevolent Social Planner
2. The Invisible Hand of the Marketplace
3. Evaluating the Market Equilibrium
4. Market Efficiency and Market
第八章
APPLICAION: THE COSTS OF TAXATION (3 学时)
教学目的和要求
Examine how taxes reduce consumer and producer surplus. Learn the
meaning and causes of the deadweight loss of a tax. Consider why some
taxes have larger deadweight losses than others. Examine how tax revenue
and deadweight loss vary with the size of a tax.
教学重点和难点
How taxes reduce consumer and producer surplus.
Learn the meaning and causes of the deadweight loss of a tax.
Consider why some taxes have larger deadweight losses than others.
Examine how tax revenue and deadweight loss vary with the size of a tax.
教学内容
一、 The Deadweight Loss of Taxation
1. How a Tax Affects Market Participations
4. Deadweight Losses and the Gains from Trade
二、The Determinants of the Deadweight Loss
1. Case Study: The Deadweight Loss Debate
8
2. FYI: Henry George and the Land Tax
三、Deadweight Loss and Tax Revenue as Taxes Vary
1. Case Study: The Laffer Curve and Supply-Side Economics
第九章
APPLICATION: INTERNATIONAL TRADE ( 4 学时)
教学目的和要求
Consider what determines whether a country imports or exports a good.
Examine who wins and who loses from international trade. Learn that the
gains to winners from international trade exceed the losses to losers.
Analyze the welfare effects of tariffs and import quotas. Examine the
arguments people use to advocate trade restrictions.
教学重点和难点
The Determinants of Trade
Gains and Loses from international trade
The Effects of a Tariff and The Effects of an Import Quota
The Arguments for Restricting Trade
Globalization
教学内容
一、The Determinants of Trade
1. The Equilibrium without Trade
2. The World Price and Comparative Advantage
二、The Winners and Losers from Trade
1. The Gains and Loses of an Exporting Country
2. The Gains and Losses of an Importing Country
3. The Effects of a Tariff
4. The Effects of an Import Quota
5. The Lessons for Trade Policy
6. FYI: Other Benefits of International Trade
三、The Arguments for Restricting Trade
1. The Jobs Argument
2. The National-Security Argument
3. Infant-Industry Argument
4. Unfair-Competition Argument
5. The Protection-as-a-Bargaining-Chip Argument
6. Case Study: Trade Agreement and the World Trade Organization
第十章
EXTERNALITIES ( 2 学时)
教学目的和要求
Learn the meaning of Negative Externalities and Positive Externalities.
9
Examine how explain Externality and Market Inefficient with Welfare
Economics.Learn Public Policies toward Externalities.
教学重点和难点
Explain externality and market inefficient with welfare economics
教学内容
一、Externalities and Market Inefficiency
1. Welfare Economics: A Recap
2. Negative Externalities
3. Positive Externalities
4.
二、Public Policies toward Externalities
1. Command-and-Control Policies: Regulation
2. Market-Based Policy 1: Corrective Taxes and
Subsidies
第十一章
PUBLIC GOODS AND COMMON RESOURCES ( 2 学时)
教学目的和要求
Learn The Different Kinds of Goods. Examine The Free-Rider Problem and
Some Important Public Goods. Examine the Tragedy of the Commons and Some
Important Common Resources.
教学重点和难点
The Free-Rider Proble
The Tragedy of the Commons
教学内容
一、The Different Kinds of Goods
二、Public Goods
1. The Free-Rider Problem
2. Some Important Public Goods
三、Common Resources
1. The Tragedy of the Commons
2. Some Important Common Resources
第十二章
THE COSTS OF PRODUCTION
( 4 学时)
教学目的和要求
Examine what items are included in a firm's costs of production.
Analyze the link between a firm's production process and its total costs.
Learn the meaning of average total cost and marginal cost and how they
10
are related. Consider the shape of a typical firm's cost curves. Examine
the relationship between short-run and long-run costs.
教学重点和难点
Average total cost, average variable cost and marginal cost and how they
are related.
Shape of a typical firm's cost curves.
The relationship between short-run and long-run costs.
教学内容
一、What are costs?
1. Total Revenue, Total Costs, and Profit
2. Costs as Opportunity Costs
3. The Cost of Capital as an opportunity Cost
4. Economic Profit vs. Accounting Profit
二、The various measures of cost
1. The Production Function
2. From the production Function to the Total Cost Curve
3. The Various Measures of Cost
三、Costs in the short run and in the long run
1. Costs in the short run and in the long run
第十三章
FIRMS IN COMPETITIVE MARKETS
( 4 学时)
教学目的和要求
Learn what characteristics make a market competitive. Examine how
competitive firms decide how much output to produce. Examine how
competitive firms decide when to shut down production temporarily.
Examine how competitive firms decide whether to exit or enter a market.
See how firm behavior determines a market's short-run and long-run
supply curves
教学重点和难点
Characteristics of a competitive market.
The Conditions of Profit maximization for competitive firms.
The marginal-Cost Curve and the Firm’s Supply Decision.
The Firm’s Short-Run Decision to Shut Down.
The Firm’s Long-Run Decision to Exit or Enter an Industry
Why the Long-Run Supply Curve Might Slope Upward.
教学内容
一、What is a competitive market?
1. The meaning of competition
2. The revenue of a Competitive Firm
11
二、Profit maximization and the competitive firm’s supply curve
1. A Simple Example of Profit Maximization
2. The marginal-Cost Curve and the Firm’s Supply Decision
3. The Firm’s Short-Run Decision to Shut Down
4. Case Study: Near-Empty Restaurants and Off-Season Miniature Golf
5. The Firm’s Long-Run Decision to Exit or Enter an Industry
6. Measuring Profit in Our Graph for the Competitive Firm
三、The supply curve in a competitive market
1. Market Supply with a Fixed Number of Firms
2. Market Supply with Entry and Exit
3. FYI: Why Do Competitive Firms Stay in Business If They Make Zero
Profit?
4. A Shift in Demand in the Short Run and Long Run
5. Why the Long-Run Supply Curve Might Slope Upward
第十四章
MONOPOLY
( 5 学时)
教学目的和要求
Learn why some markets have only one seller. Analyze how a monopoly
determines the quantity to produce and the price to charge. See how the
monopoly's decisions affect economic well-being. Consider the various
public policies aimed at solving the problem of monopoly. See why
monopolies try to charge different prices to different customers.
教学重点和难点
Why monopolies arise
Monopoly vs. Competition
The Deadweight Loss
Monopoly’s Profit: A Social Cost
Price Discrimination
教学内容
一、Why monopolies arise
1. Monopoly Resources
Case Study: The DeBeers Diamond Monopoly
Government-Created Monopolies
Natural Monopolies
二、How Monopolies Make Production and Pricing Decisions
1. Monopoly vs. Competition
2. A Monopoly’s Revenue
3. Profit Maximization
4. A Monopoly’s Profit
12
5. Case Study: Monopoly Drugs vs. Generic Drugs
三、The Welfare Cost of Monopoly
1. The Deadweight Loss
2. Monopoly’s Profit: A Social Cost
四、Price Discrimination
1. The Analytics of Price Discrimination
2. Examples of Price Discrimination
第十五章 OLIGOPOLY
( 5 学时)
教学目的和要求
See what market structures lie between monopoly and competition.
Examine what outcomes are possible when a market is an oligopoly. Learn
about the prisoners' dilemma and how it applies to oligopoly and other
issues. Consider how the antitrust laws try to foster competition in
oligopolistic markets.
教学重点和难点
The Meaning of Oligopoly
The Equilibrium for an Oligopoly
The Size of an Oligopoly and the Market Outcome.
The prisoners’ Dilemma
Oligopolies as a Prisoners’ Dilemma
The Antitrust Laws
教学内容
一、Between Monopoly and Perfect Competition
1. Between Monopoly and Perfect Competition
二、Markets with only a few sellers
1. A Duopoly Example
2. Competition, Monopolies, and Cartels
3. The Equilibrium for an Oligopoly
4. How the Size of an Oligopoly Affects the Market Outcome.
5. Case Study: OPEC and the World Oil Market
三、Game theory and the economics of cooperation
1. The prisoners’ Dilemma
2. Oligopolies as a Prisoners’ Dilemma
3. Other Examples of the Prisoners’ Dilemma Arms
4. Why People Sometimes Cooperate
四、Public policy toward oligopolies
1. Restrain of Trade and the Antitrust Laws
2. Controversies over Antitrust Policy
13
第十六章
MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION
( 3 学时)
教学目的和要求
Analyze competition among firms that sell differentiated products.
Compare the outcome under monopolistic competition and under perfect
competition. Consider the desirability of outcomes in monopolistically
competitive markets. Examine the debate over the effects of advertising.
Examine the debate over the role of brand names.
教学重点和难点
Competition with Differentiated Products
The Monopolistically Competitive Firm in the Short Run
The Long-Run Equilibrium of the Monopolistically Competitive Market
Monopolistic vs. Perfect Competition
教学内容
一、Competition with Differentiated Products
1. The Monopolistically Competitive Firm in the Short Run
2. The Long-Run Equilibrium
3. Monopolistic vs. Perfect Competition
4. Monopolistic Competition and the Welfare of Society
二、Advertising
1. The Debate over Advertising
2. Case Study: Advertising and the Price of Eyeglasses
3. Advertising as a Signal of Quality
4. Brand Names
考核/Assessment
一.考核内容/Summary
No.
Assessment Activity
Percentage %
1
Mid semester test
20%
2
Assignment
20%
3
Class participation
10%
4
Exam
50%
Total
100%
14
二.考核具体内容/Assessment Details
1. 期中考试/Mid semester test – 20%
The test will examine material covered in chapters 1–7. The test will
consist of multiple choice questions, basic problems and essay problems.
2. 论文/Paper – 20%
Students are to select a real economic topic from a newspaper/ magazine/web
article for economic analysis. The paper must relate to one or more of the
topics (chapters) covered in the lecture program. The article must also have
been written in recently years. Students are to apply their microeconomic
theory to explain and analyze the newspaper/media article.
3. 课堂参与/Class participation- 10%
4. 期末考试/FINAL Examination - 50%
The exam will consist of a multiple choice section and a written
question/problem section. The exact format will be provided towards the
end of the semester. The exam will cover all the topics in the semester
programme.
执笔人: 朴赫夫
15