The Development of a New National Government
Test Review
1. Who was responsible for electing a Committee of 99? General Meeting
2. List four things the Provincial Congress was responsible for?

Raised an army

Issued currency

Created a committee to enforce non-importation

Commissioned the writing of a Constitution
3. The Committee of 99 was known as what type of government? De facto
4. What was the purpose of the Treaty of Ninety-Six? The backcountry people agreed they
would remain neutral in the fight with Great Britain.
5. SC’s First Constitution had a two-house legislative (lower house elected by the people, upper
house elected by the lower house) and the President was elected by the legislature (power to
veto laws)
6. What role did Henry Laurens play in the Continental Congress? Served as President
7. What made the Confederation government too weak to meet the needs of the new nation?
8. What were the Articles of Confederation? The First Constitution of the United States
9. Who did the residents of the backcountry side with in the Revolutionary War? Great Britain
What were they called? Loyalists or Tories
10. Who did the residents of the Lowcountry side with in the Revolutionary War? Those who
supported independence. What were they called? Patriots
11. After the Revolutionary War, the backcountry became known as what? Upcountry
12. Who were the first white settlers to move to this area? Traders and Woodsmen
13. How where the early settlers here viewed by the Lowcountry elite? Uncivilized
14. What caused tension between the Lowcountry and Upcountry? Economic differences
between the two regions
15. In what line of work were many Upcountry residents involved? Subsistence farmers
16. Did Upcountry jobs require the use of slaves? No. There were few slaves because they did
not have large plantations and worked their own farms.
17. What group dominated the Lowcountry economy? The planter elite
18. What did this group depend on to maintain well-being and social status? Slave holding
19. What was taken by the British during the war? Slaves, livestock, & goods were taken by the
British
20. Why did the Lowcountry suffer during the war? They lost the economic subsidies &
protected markets offered by the British practice of Mercantilism, they owed debts to British
creditors they could not pay, low crop yields, & the US & state governments could not pay
for the goods they had commandeered
21. When did economic conditions begin to improve? Early 1800s when cotton became our 3rd
cash crop.
22. What was the major source of tension between the Lowcountry and Upcountry? Political
representation in the Assembly
23. What occurred in 1785? Counties and county courts were created.
24. Where and when did the capital of SC move? 1786, to Columbia, the center of the state
25. Did tensions ease between people of the Lowcountry and Upcountry as a result? Why? Yes,
but did not eliminate tension all together as the Lowcountry still had greater representation in
legislature.
26. Why did the Lowcountry planters resist giving the Upcountry more equal representation in
the legislature? Fear that the upcountry farmers did not support slavery.
27. What was invented that made cotton a viable cash crop in the Upcountry? What was in great
demand due to this invention? The cotton gin made cotton a viable cash crop in the
Upcountry and therefore had a greater need for slave labor
28. As the numbers of slaves in the Upcountry increased, what also increased? The willingness
of the Lowcountry to share power.
29. In the compromise of 1808, the legislature agreed to what? What did this mean? In the
Compromise of 1808, the legislature agreed to reapportionment of the legislature. Now
representation was to be based equally on white population and the amount of taxable
property. Now both the Lowcountry & Upcountry had their share of political power
30. The problems of the United States government under the Articles of Confederation were
similar to what? The economic problems of indebtedness & depression faced by South
Carolinians after the Revolutionary War
31. What role did South Carolinians play in 1787? They helped write the Constitution
32. Why was the Philadelphia Convention called? To revise the Articles of Confederation
solving the problems of government under the Articles
33. What was the Virginia Plan? Large state plan, that called for a three branch government;
judicial, legislative, executive
34. Regarding the issue of how representation was to be allocated in the new legislature, what
did South Carolinians support? Virginia plan that called for representation to be based on
population
35. What was the Great Compromise? Did South Carolinian’s support it? Why or Why not?
Connecticut Compromise that provided for equal representation in the Senate &proportional
representation in the House of Representatives. SC did support it.
36. What main issue did the Great Compromise raise? What did SC want? Whether or not slaves
should be counted for determining representation in the new government, SC wanted slaves
counted
37. What did Northern states want? They were emancipating their slaves and did not want
slaves to count
38. Did South Carolina support the Three-Fifths Compromise, that resolved this debate? No
39. South Carolina delegates were concerned that a stronger national government might attempt
to do what? Regulate trade
40. To what did SC delegates object? To any regulation of exports & feared any control of
international slave trade through a tax on imports
41. What compromise was reached? Federal government would not tax exports or regulate
international slave trade for at least 20 years
42. What was this agreement known as? The Commerce Compromise
43. What did SC support in regards to the President? Strong executive & term of 6-7 years, but
term ended up as 4 years
44. As representatives of the elite, what did SC advocate for concerning who could and couldn’t
hold office? What was this called? An Aristocratic Republic with office holding based on
property ownership: only property owners could hold office
45. What were states given the authority to do regarding voters? To determine voter
qualifications
46. In SC, what was the backcountry opponents of the new constitution in several states called?
Why? anti-Federalists because they opposed a stronger national government, government
elite would abuse the rights of the people & that the new government would be located too
far away
47. What did Charles Pinckney and the SC elite call themselves? Federalists
48. What did the SC elite argue in favor of? A strong national government that could be
influential in foreign affairs and establish better trade relations that would restore economic
stability
49. Who won the vote in SC out of the Federalists and anti-Federalists? Federalists outvoted the
anti-Federalists
50. What happened as a result? SC voted to ratify the Constitution & joined the Union as the 8th
state
51. How many other states had already joined the United States of America? Seven
52. What prompted the Federalists to promise to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution?
Opposition to ratification by the anti-Federalists in several states
53. Who added the Bill of Rights to the Constitution? The First Congress