Latin 2
Lesson 21 Notes and Worksheet
Nomen mihi est ________________
Review
1. 1st & 2nd declension adjectives have three terminations- all genders are different in the nom. singular: pius, pia, pium.
singular
plural
masculine
feminine
neuter
masculine
feminine
neuter
2. 3rd decl. adjectives divide into 3 groups, depending on the number of forms used in the nom. singular to show gender.
A.) three termination- all genders are different in the nominative singular: celer, celeris, celere.
singular
plural
masculine
feminine
neuter
masculine
feminine
neuter
B.) two termination- masculine and feminine are the same and end in –is, neuter ends in –e: fortis, forte.
singular
plural
masculine & feminine
neuter
masculine & feminine
neuter
C. single termination- one nominative singular form for all genders: ingens, (gen.) ingentis.
singular
plural
masculine & feminine
neuter
masculine & feminine
neuter
3. The three major types of adjective uses are ______________, _________________, and __________________.
Number Words Cardinals are used to count: one, two, three, etc. Ordinals are used to indicate the order: first, second,
third, etc. Distributives divide a group into smaller groups: one by one, two by two, three by three, etc. Multiplicatives
show how many times: single, double, triple, etc. Numeral adverbs answer ‘how often?’: once, twice, thrice, etc.
Cardinal Numbers
Cardinal numbers are adjectives that modify nouns. The cardinals 1-20 are listed on page 231 in your textbook. You must
memorize the cardinals 1-10 and 20. You should be able to recognize and translate, but you do not need to memorize, the
cardinals 11-19. The cardinals 11-17 are basically the cardinals 1-7 (or a slight modification of them) with ‘-decim’ added,
like the suffix –teen (i.e. fourteen) in English. The Latin cardinals duodeviginti (‘two from twenty’- 18!) and undeviginti
(‘one from twenty’- 19!) do not follow that system. In Latin the cardinals one, two and three are declined and therefore
must agree with their nouns in gender, number, and case. All other cardinal numbers have one indeclinable form.
unus
duo
tres
nominative
unus
una
unum
duo
duae
duo
tres
tria
genitive
unius
unius
unius
duorum
duarum
duorum
trium
trium
dative
uni
uni
uni
duobus
duabus
duobus
tribus
tribus
accusative
unum
unam
unum
duos
duas
duo
tres
tria
ablative
uno
unā
uno
duobus
duabus
duobus
tribus
tribus
Roman Numerals
In addition you must learn these Roman numerals: I = 1 (one), V = 5 (five), and X = 10 (ten). Roman numerals were used
together to indicate how many—XIV (14), VIII (8), etc. Look at the Roman Numerals on page 231 and figure out how to
form the numbers 1-20 from I, V, and X. Why can 9 (nine) be either VIIII or IX?
Ordinal Numbers
Ordinal numbers are also adjectives that modify nouns. The ordinals 1-20 are also listed on page 231 in your textbook.
You must memorize the ordinals 1-10 and 20. You should be able to recognize and translate, but you do not need to
memorize, the ordinals 11-19. The ordinals 11-12 are formed like the cardinals using un- & duo- but with ‘-decimus, -a, um’ added instead. The ordinals 13-17 use the ordinals 3-7 with decimus, -a, -um added as a separate word. The Latin
ordinals duodevicesimus, -a, -um and undevicesimus, -a, -um follow a similar system to that for the cardinals duodeviginti
and undeviginti. In Latin ordinals are declined as regular 1st and 2nd declension adjectives.
Partitive Expressions with Numerals
Cardinal and ordinal numbers are adjectives and are used in all cases and appear in many types of constructions. Cardinals
are used with the preposition ex + abl. in the Partitive Ablative of Place from Which construction when the number
mentioned is a subset of a larger group.
Quattuor ex hominibus sunt fortes. Four of the men are brave.
Ordinals often have a Partitive Genitive to complete their meaning.
Tertius montium est ingens. The third of the mountains is huge.
Genitive & Ablative of Description
With an adjective/noun of quality (courage, beauty, etc.) combination either one of these constructions occurs. Do not fuss
about these too much! Identify, translate and move on!
Practice: Give the appropriate forms for the following numbers:
cardinal
ordinal
Roman numeral
ten
______________________________ _____________________________ _________________
five
_____________________________ _____________________________ _________________
fourteen
_____________________________ _____________________________ _________________
two
_____________________________ _____________________________ _________________
eighteen
_____________________________ _____________________________ _________________
seven
_____________________________ _____________________________ _________________
twenty
_____________________________ _____________________________ _________________
seventeen
_____________________________ _____________________________ _________________
twelve
_____________________________ _____________________________ _________________
eight
_____________________________ _____________________________ _________________
four
_____________________________ _____________________________ _________________
sixteen
_____________________________ _____________________________ _________________
six
_____________________________ _____________________________ _________________
nineteen
_____________________________ _____________________________ _________________
thirteen
_____________________________ _____________________________ _________________
eleven
_____________________________ _____________________________ _________________
fifteen
_____________________________ _____________________________ _________________
three
_____________________________ _____________________________ _________________
nine
_____________________________ _____________________________ _________________
So we have learned that:
1. Cardinals are used to _________, ordinals are used to _____________________, distributives are used to __________
________________________, multiplicatives are used to ________________________________, and numeral adverbs
answer the question _______________?
2. You must memorize the Latin cardinals and the ordinals __________ and _____.
3. The cardinals 11-17 are basically the cardinals 1-7 (or a slight modification of them) with ____________added.
4. In Latin the cardinals one, two and three are declined. All other cardinal numbers have one indeclinable form.
unus
duo
tres
nominative
genitive
dative
accusative
5. You must memorize these Roman numerals: _____ = 1 (one), _____ = 5 (five), and _____ = 10 (ten).
6. The ordinals 11-12 are formed like the cardinals using un- & duo- but with ______________________ added instead.
7. The ordinals 13-17 use the ordinals 3-7 with ____________________________________ added as a separate word.
8. In Latin ordinals are declined as ____________________________________________________ adjectives.
9. In Latin cardinal numbers are used with the preposition _____+ _____ case in a _______________________________
_______________________________ construction.
10. Ordinal numbers will have a _____________________________ to complete their meaning.