Unit 3 Notes: 600-1450 CE- The Post-Classical World
Issues of Periodization
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Eastern & Western Hemispheres not joined.
Innovations were not numerous, although technology expanded.
No political form became dominant.
Environmental changes were not as great as in other areas.
Most societies remained patriarchies with clear social distinctions.
Timeframe
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The Islamic World (610-1258 C.E.)
Developments in Europe (500-1,500 C.E.)
Social, cultural, and economic patterns in the Amerindian world (300-1,600 C.E.)
China’s internal and external expansion (581-1368 C.E.)
Tropical Africa and Asia (1,000 B.C.E.-1,000 C.E.)
Demographic and environmental changes
Interregional networks and contacts
I. Origins of Islam
A. Arabian Peninsula
1. Bedouins:
2. Culture:
3. Animism/Polytheism:
B. Muhammad
1. Mecca:
2. Khadija:
3. Kaa’ba:
4. Muhammad’s Visions:
5. Seal of the Prophet:
6. Turmoil:
C. Hijrah
1. Hijrah:
2. Yathrib (Medina):
3. Umma:
4. Impact:
II. Islamic Beliefs
A. Religious Texts
1. Judaic/Christian Relationship:
2. Qur’an:
3. Hadith:
4. Shari’a:
5. Five Pillars of Islam:
B. Muhammad’s Successors
1. Caliph:
2. Abu Bakr:
3. Spread of Islam (Jihad):
4. Umar:
5. Uthman:
6. Ali:
C. Umayyad Dynasty
1. Muawiya:
2. Yazid:
3. Shiite (Shi’a):
4. Sunni:
5. Islamic Split:
6. Damascus, Syria:
7. Islamic Spread:
8. Battle of Tours:
D. Islamic Culture
1. Education:
2. Cultural Diffusion (Education):
3. Language:
4. Hebrew/Christian Relations:
5. Sufi Islam:
E. Islamic Women
1. Positives:
2. Negatives:
F. Abbasid Dynasty
1. Baghdad, Iraq:
2. Ulama:
3. Bureaucracy:
4. Sultan:
5. Vizier:
6. Emir:
G. Decline of the Abbasids
1. Problems:
2. Seljuk Turks:
3. Tughril Beg:
4. Mongol Invasion:
III. Golden Age of Islam
A. Art
1. Calligraphy:
2. Architecture:
3. Literature:
B. Science/Mathematics
1. Madrasas:
2. Algebra:
3. Navigation:
4. Astronomy:
5. Medicine:
6. Arabic Numerals:
IV. Roman Decline-Eastern Europe
A. Byzantine Empire
1. Origin:
2. Location:
3. Byzantium:
4. Impact on Rome:
B. Byzantine Politics
1. Constantine:
2. Constantinople:
3. Impact of Sassanid Empire:
4. Justinian:
5. Theodora:
6. Justinian Code:
C. Byzantine Architecture
1. Minaret:
2. Hagia Sophia:
3. Hippodrome:
4. Mese:
D. Byzantine Economy
1. Trade:
2. Silk Roads:
E. Byzantine Women
1. Paterfamilias:
2. Veils:
F. Byzantine Culture
1. Cyrillic Alphabet:
2. Education:
3. Religion:
V. Christianity
A. Origins
1. Location:
2. Hebrew Prophecy:
3. Jesus of Nazareth:
4. Moral Code:
5. 12 Disciples:
6. Paul:
B. Christian Threat
1. Hebrew Threat:
2. Roman Threat:
3. Christian Impact on Roman Empire:
4. Christian Impact on Byzantine Empire:
C. Great Schism
1. Constantine:
2. Primary Issue:
3. Sources of Conflict:
4. Primary Differences:
5. Impact:
VI. Western Europe: After the Fall of The Roman Empire
A. The Early Middle Ages (Dark Ages)
1. Political Instability:
2. Military Instability:
3. Social Instability:
B. Franks
1. Location:
2. Clovis:
3. Conversion to Christianity:
4. Impact:
5. Charles Martel:
6. Carolingian Dynasty:
7. Pepin The Short:
8. Charlemagne:
9. Battle of Tours:
10. Holy Roman Empire:
11. Ties to Roman Catholic Church:
C. Vikings
1. Location:
2. Culture:
3. Religion:
4. Invasions:
5. Impact:
6. Conversion to Christianity:
D. Feudalism
1. Purpose:
2. Manorialism:
3. Social Classes:
5. Barter System:
6. Role of Women:
7. Benedict:
8. Benedictine Rule:
E. Roman Catholic Church Clergy
1. Pope:
2. Cardinal:
3. Bishop:
4. Abbot:
5. Priest:
6. Missionary:
7. Canon Law:
8. Excommunication:
VII. High Middle Ages
A. Formation of England
1. Early Political Structure:
2. Impact of Roman Catholic Church:
3. Normandy:
4. William The Conqueror:
5. Battle of Hastings:
B. Formation of France
1. Early Political Structure:
2. Impact of Roman Catholic Church:
3. Impact of Charlemagne’s Death:
C. Continental Europe
1. Italy:
2. Germany:
3. Spain/Portugal:
4. Eastern Europe:
D. Political Change
1. England:
a. Magna Carta:
b. Parliament:
2. France:
a. Capet Dynasty:
b. Estates General
VIII. Crusades
A. Purpose
1. Locations:
2. Problems:
3. Outcomes:
4. Impact:
B. Economic Developments
1. Who Benefited?
2. Who Suffered?
3. Hanseatic League
4. Guild System:
5. Development of Modern Banking: (Thomas Aquinas)
C. Religious Developments
1. Decrease in Power:
2. Doctrinal Conflict:
3. Religious Persecution:
D. Cultural Developments
1. Cultural Diffusion:
2. Medical Improvement:
3. Scientific/Mathematic Improvement:
4. Vernacular Language:
5. Scholasticism:
6. Literacy:
IX. Classical Mesoamerica
A. Maya
1. Location:
2. Demographics:
B. Mayan Economics
1. Agriculture:
2. Trade:
3. Swamp Draining:
C. Mayan Religion
1. Cities:
2. Teotihuacan:
3. Architecture:
4. Polytheism:
5. Calendars:
6. “End of World” Prophecy:
D. Mayan Politics
1. Structure:
2. Conflict:
3. Women’s Rights:
E. Mayan Decline
1. Societal Breakdown:
2. Why?:
X. Post-Classical Mesoamerica
A. Toltecs
1. Location:
2. Demographics:
B. Toltec Economics
1. Agriculture:
2. Trade:
C. Toltec Religion
1. Polytheism:
2. Human Sacrifice:
D. Toltec Politics
1. Structure:
2. Topiltzin:
3. Decline:
E. Aztecs
1. Location:
2. Demographics:
F. Aztec Economics
1. Agriculture:
2. Trade:
3. Science:
G. Aztec Religion
1. Polytheism:
2. Basis:
3. Rituals:
H. Aztec Politics
1. Structure:
2. Priesthood:
3. Tribute System:
4. Social System:
I. Aztec Decline
1. Reasons:
2. Coincidence:
3. Impact:
XI. Andean (South American) Post-Classical Civilization
A. Inca
1. Location:
2. Demographics:
B. Incan Economics
1. Agriculture:
2. Trade:
3. Terrace Farming:
4. Animal Husbandry:
5. Khipu/Quipu System:
6. Food Surplus:
C. Incan Religion
1. Polytheism:
2. Temple of the Sun:
3. Role of Monarch:
4. Cult System:
D. Incan Politics
1. Structure:
2. Mit’a System:
E. Incan Decline
1. Reasons:
2. Coincidence:
3. Impact:
XII. China-Sui Dynasty
A. Decline of Han Dynasty
1. Why?
2. Bureaucratic Collapse:
3. Feudal Warlords:
B. Rise of Sui Dynasty
1. Wen Di:
2. Impact of Buddhism:
3. Grand Canal:
4. Continued Warfare:
5. Decline of Sui Dynasty:
XIII. Tang Dynasty
A. Takeover
1. Li Yuan:
2. Chang’an:
B. Tang Politics
1. Li Huang:
2. Tang Taizong:
3. Military Success:
4. Rebuilding of Han Bureaucracy:
5. Meritocracy:
6. Regional Hegemony:
7. Postal System:
8. Road Network:
C. Tang Economics
1. Equal Field System:
2. Champa Rice:
3. Paper Money:
4. Flying Money (Credit):
5. Trade:
D. Tang Technology
1. Junks (Bulkhead Technology):
2. Sternpost Rudder:
3. Gunpowder:
4. Block Printing:
5. Iron Production:
6. Abacus:
E. Tang Culture
1. Tang Poetry: (Li Bo & Du Fu)
2. Women’s Rights:
3. Buddhist Influence:
4. Confucian Influence:
5. Daoist Influence:
6. Zen Buddhism:
F. Tang Decline
1. Taxation:
2. Religious Conflict:
3. Military Overthrow:
4. Period of Chaos:
XIV. Song Dynasty
A. Period of Chaos
1. Warlords:
2. 3-Way Competition:
3. Liao Empire:
4. Xi Xia (Tanggut) Empire:
5. Song Empire:
6. Impact of Jurchens:
B. Song Politics
1. Comparison to Tang:
2. Military Structure:
3. Scholar-Gentry:
4. Impact of Buddhism/Confucianism:
C. Song Economics
1. Paper/Book Production:
2. Coal Production:
3. Iron/Steel Production:
4. Reusable Movable Type:
5. Gunpowder/”Fire Lances”:
6. Silk Export:
D. Song Culture
1. Population Growth:
2. Impact of Buddhism on Confucianism:
3. Neo-Confucianism:
4. Mencius:
5. Women’s Rights:
6. Wu Zhao:
7. Foot Binding:
8. Song Poetry:
XV. Korea
A. Settlement
1. Jeoson:
2. Koguryo:
3. Paekche & Silla:
4. Three Kingdoms:
B. Korean Politics
1. Impact of Buddhism:
2. Silla Dynasty:
3. Koryo Dynasty:
4. Aristocracy:
5. Chinese Influence:
6. Korean/Chinese Differences:
C. Korean Culture
1. Feudalism:
2. Aristocrats:
3. Artisans/Peasants:
4. Porcelain:
5. Woodblock Prints:
XVI. Vietnam
A. Settlement
1. Viet:
2. Han Invasion:
3. Tang Invasion:
B. Vietnamese Agriculture
1. Rice:
2. Irrigation:
3. Land Reclamation/Rice Paddies:
C. Vietnamese Politics
1. Political Values:
2. Bureaucracy:
3. Independence:
D. Vietnamese Culture
1. “Southern Barbarians”:
2. Cultural Values:
3. Buddhism:
4. Confucianism:
XVII. Japan
A. Settlement
1. Nomads:
2. Isolation:
B. Japanese Culture
1. Shintoism:
2. Chinese Impact:
3. Feudalism:
4. Confucianism/Buddhism Introduction:
5. The Tale of Genji:
C. Japanese Politics (Heian Era)
1. Yamato Clan:
2. Fujiwara Family:
3. Nature of Japanese Dynasties:
4. Lords (Aristocrats):
5. Taira vs. Minamoto:
6. Development of Shogunate (Bakufu):
7. Samurai:
8. Bushido:
XVIII. Mongols
A. Origins
1. Location:
2. Nomadic Movement:
B. Clan System/Culture
1. Mongol Culture/Unity:
2. Genghis Khan (Temujin):
3. Genghis Khan/Military:
4. Values:
5. Women’s Rights:
6. Religion:
C. Genghis Khan Politics
1. Family Structure:
2. Merit System:
D. Military Achievement
1. Great Wall:
2. Siege Warfare:
3. Mongols vs. Xi Xia:
4. Mongols vs. Song:
5. Mongols vs. Persia (Kara Khitai):
6. Mongols vs. Turks (Khwarizm):
E. Genghis Khan’s Death
1. Division of Empire:
1. Khanate of the Great Khan:
2. Khanate of Jagadai:
3. Khanate of the Golden Horde:
4. Il-Khan:
5. Pax Mongolica:
F. Impact
1. Bubonic Plague:
2. Impact on Islam & Middle East:
3. Impact on Russia:
4. Impact on Europe:
5. Impact on China:
XIX. Yuan Dynasty
A. Development
1. Genghis Khan:
2. Kubilai Khan:
B. Yuan Politics
1. Mongol Favoritism:
2. Diversity:
3. “Middle Kingdom”:
4. Examination System:
5. Confucianism:
6. Marco Polo:
C. Yuan Decline
1. Problems:
2. Chinese Rule:
XX. Sub-Saharan Africa
A. Bantu Migration
1. Stateless Society?
2. Berbers:
3. Cultural Diffusion:
B. Nok
1. Location:
2. Djenne-Djeno:
3. Technology:
4. Decline:
C. Ghana
1. Location:
2. Origins:
3. Trade:
4. Soninke:
5. Islamic Impact:
6. Berber Defeat:
D. Mali
1. Location:
2. Origins:
3. Trade:
4. Gold Supply:
5. Islamic Impact:
6. Timbuktu:
7. Sundiata:
8. Mansa Musa:
9. Pilgrimmage to Mecca:
10. Cultural Achievement:
11. Griots:
E. Songhai (Songhay)
1. Location:
2. Origins:
3. Trade:
4. Sunni Ali:
5. Decline:
F. Swahili States
1. Location:
2. Islamic Impact:
3. Swahili:
G. Great Zimbabwe
1. Location:
2. Origins:
3. Agriculture:
4. Trade:
5. Shona:
6. Decline:
H. Kilwa
1. Location:
2. Origins:
3. Trade:
4. Relationship to Great Zimbabwe:
5. Relationship to India:
6. Decline:
I. Mutapa
1. Location:
2. Origins:
3. Trade:
4. Mutota:
5. Decline:
J. Ethiopia
1. Location:
2. Origins:
3. Trade:
4. Islamic Impact:
5. Christian Impact:
6. Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity:
XXI. Spread of Islam to India & Southeast Asia
A. Delhi Sultanate
1. Mahmud of Ghazni:
2. Indian Invasions:
3. Delhi Sultanate:
4. Military State:
5. Islamic Impact on Caste System:
6. Impact on India:
B. Southeast Asia
1. Impact of Muslim Traders:
2. Impact on Malaysia/Indonesia:
XXII. Exploration
A. Marco Polo
1. Background:
2. Purpose:
3. Areas of Travel:
4. China:
5. Impact:
B. Ibn Battuta
1. Background:
2. Purpose:
3. Areas of Travel:
4. Impact:
C. Long Distance Trade
1. Silk Road:
2. Motivations:
D. Consequences of Interregional Networks and Contacts
1. Technological and Agricultural Diffusion:
2. Spread of Disease:
3. Demographic Changes:
4. Communal Cities:
5. Convergent Cities:
XXIII. End of Middle Ages
A. Hundred Years War
1. Reasons:
2. Dynastic Turmoil:
3. Battle of Crecy:
4. Battle of Agincourt:
5. Siege of Orleans:
6. Weapons Technology:
B. Joan of Arc
1. Background:
2. Impact:
3. Validity:
C. Impact
1. End of Middle Ages:
2. Why?
XXIV. European Renaissance
A. Italy
1. Why?:
2. Humanism:
3. Patronage:
B. Italian Artists/Writers
1. Leonardo da Vinci:
2. Michelangelo:
3. Raphael:
4. Donatello:
5. Medici Family:
6. Dante:
7. Niccolo Machiavelli:
C. European Artists/Writers
1. Albrecht Durer:
2. Pieter Brueghel:
3. Jan Van Eyck:
4. William Shakespeare:
5. Christopher Marlowe:
6. Thomas More:
7. Miguel de Cervantes:
D. Renaissance Technology
1. Johann Gutenberg:
2. Vernacular:
3. Impact: