University of Salahaddin
College of Science
Department of Biology
Practical Plant Anatomy and Taxonomy
2nd stage Biology
Course book for 2013-2014
This first semester course with the complementary second semester course
of plant anatomy and taxonomy
Instructor
Bnar Khalid Bakr
Scientific grade
Assistant lecturer
Email
bnarkhalid@yahoo.com
Mobile:
07504782200
 Course description:
The course is comprised of lectures, discussions, laboratories and presentations. The
focus of the course is on the anatomy and functional taxonomy of all plant parts starting
from root to fruit with family identification.
 Course objectives:
After completing this course, students will be able to:

Understanding what is the plant anatomy and morphology of plant parts.
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
Recognized and be able to describe featuers of plant anatomy at the cell, tissues
and organ level with classification of plants according to various feature.

Use microscopy tools for studying cells and tissues and families identification.

Critically read literature in the field of plant anatomy and morphology.
 Forms of Teaching
Different forms of teaching will be used to reach the objectives of the course: power point
presentations for the head titles and definitions and summary of conclusions with using
cell and tissue anatomical slide and collection of fresh sample for studying plant
morphology (taxonomy).
 Grading
The students are required to do one closed book exam at the mid of the semester.
Mean of two examinations: 12.5%
Practical Examination: 7.5% (Examination %5, Quizzes of previous lab %1.5 and
Seminar %1).
Final examination: 20%
 Course material
Required books:
1. Wilson, C. L. and Loomis, W. E. 1997. Botany. 4th edition.
2. Stuessy, T. F. (1990). Plant Taxonomy. Columbia Univ. Press, NewYork , United
State of America .
3. Ravindra, N. 2003. Principal of modern Botany. New Delhi
4. Bhattacharya, K; Hait, G. and Ghosh, A.K. 2007. A Text Book of Botany. New
Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. New Delhi.
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5. Raven, P. H.; Evert, R. F. and Eichhorn, S. E. 2005. Biology of Plants. 7th edition.
W.H. Freeman and Company Publishers. New York.
6. Some of website.
 Homework in plant anatomy labs:
Q/ In which plant parts secondary walls found?
Q/ Explian how and why epidermis of roots and stems differs?
Q/What is the perpous of root hiar?
Q/ describe the general function of vascular tissues?
Q/what has happened to the several years of phloem tissue production?
Q/ what is the function of Casparian stripe?
 Answer these Questions in taxonomy objects :
Q1/ Give an account of the various ways in which climbing plants attach themselves to
their support?
Q2/ What is a tendril? What parts of the plant may be modified in to tendrile?
Answer these question in leaf lab:
Q/ Classified leaf according to duration of leaf?
Answer these Questions in flower parts lab:
Q/ Discussed various questions about this two lab because more detail.
Answer these questions in inflorescences lab :
Q1/ write the differences between Racemose and Cymose inflorescence?
Q2/ which plants have spike inflorescence?
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Answer these questions in fruit lab:
Q1/ What is a false fruit? Distinguish it from a true fruit. Describe different type of false
fruit you have studied.
Q2/ write in brief the dispersal of fruit and seeds?
 Course programmed
Week
1
Lab topics of plant anatomy
Lab topics of plant taxonomy
The plant cell wall
The processes of plant taxonomy
with terminology of plant taxonomy
2
Pits and types of pits
Root classification
3
Plant tissues(meristematic tissues)
Stem classification
4
Permanent tissues
Leaf classification
5
epidermis
Flower parts classification
6
Epidermal hairs
Androcieum and Gynocieum
7
Secretory structures
Inflorescence classification
First Exam
8
9
Paranchyma, collenchyma ,
sclerenchyma tissues
Fruit classification
Xylem and phloem tisuues
Family identification (F: Cruciferae and F:
Palmae)
10
Root anatomy
Family identification (F: Malvaceae and F:
Convolvulaceae)
11
Stem anatomy
Family identification (F: Apocyanaceae
and F: Umbelliferae
12
Leaf anatomy
Second Exam
4
University of Salahaddin
Collage of science
Department of Biology
Examination of practical plant Anatomy and Taxonomy
First session
2nd stage
2014/5/17
Q1/ A- Identify this slide?
B- Secondary cell wall is made of ……………………......................
Q2/ A- Identified this slide?
B-Write two differences between dicot and monocot stem?
Q3/ A- Identify type of meristematic tissue in this slide?
B- Define caspatian stripe?
Q4/ A- Identified this slide?
B- Draw and label radial vascular bundle?
Q5/ A- identify this slide?
B- Write types of seclerides according to shape?
Q6/ A- Identify type of inflorescence in this sample?
B- Classify Achenial fruits?
Q7/ A- Identify this sample?
B- Classify stamen according to connection of stamen?
Q8/ A- Identify type of placentation in this sample?
B- Classify polypetalouse actinomorphic flower?
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Q9/A- Identified type of inflorescence in this sample?
B- Classify compound leaf according to number of leaflet with drawing?
Q10/ what's the name of family which is leaves mostly reticulate, placentation axile,
stamen monoadelphouse, epicalyx often present ? then write floral equation of this
family?
Assistant lecturer
Bnar Khalid Bakr
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