Name ________________________________________________ Date ______________________ Period _______________
Unit #3 Book Quiz (Ch. 3, 4, 5, 11)
1. The raw material for evolution by natural
selection is
a. Biodiversity
b. An adaptive trait
c. Speciation
d. Genetic variation within a species
e. Global or local environmental change
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
2. When environmental conditions change,
populations that are most vulnerable to
extinction are
a. Populations that have reached their
carrying capacity
b. Large populations of small individuals
living in urban areas
c. Large populations of medium-sized
individuals living in rural areas
d. Populations of species that are
generalists with regard to needed
resources
e. Populations of species that are
specialized with regard to needed
resources
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3. ______________ are typical primary consumers in a
temperate deciduous forest
a. wolves
b. bison
c. millipedes
d. deer
e. snakes
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4. The climatographs of tundra and desert biomes
both
a. Lack trees
b. Have relatively low precipitation on an
annual basis
c. Lack birds as the dominant consumer
d. Have many burrowing rodents
e. Are found in the northeastern United
States
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5. Which of the following is an example of a
positive feedback loop?
a. An increase in predators, resulting in
fewer prey
b. The melting of Greenland’s glaciers,
resulting in sea level rise and continental
flooding
c. The melting of Arctic sea ice, resulting in
increased solar radiation absorption, and
more sea ice melting
d. An increase in prey, resulting in an
increase of decomposers
e. Human exponential growth
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6. The species most often vulnerable to human
impact is the:
a. Keystone species
b. Producer
c. Flagship species
d. Umbrella species
e. Top predator
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7. A short-distance migratory bat species pollinates
cactus plants in northern Mexico on its way to
southern Arizona, where it spends the summer
eating insects and reproducing. Farmers
spraying pesticides affect these bats, which eat
the insects and also feed them to their young.
This scenario could be an example of
a. A top predator
b. An extirpation
c. An umbrella species
d. Insect biodiversity loss
e. Threats to a keystone species
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8. The normal functioning of an ecosystem requires
that
a. Energy be able to change forms, be
recycled, and be decomposed
b. Energy be able to change forms, given
that matter is not able to change forms
c. Energy be able to be recycled and matter
be able to flow through biogeochemical
cycles
d. Matter be able to be recycled and energy
be able to flow through ecosystems
e. Matter be able to be recycled, change
forms, and be destroyed as a result of
ecosystem processes
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9. Assuming that the autotrophs in an ecosystem
contain 500,550 kcal of energy, the third trophic
level organisms could expect to contain
approximately
a. 50,055 kcal
b. 5,005 kcal
c. 1/3 of 500,550 kcal
d. 2/3 of 500,550 kcal
e. 500 kcal
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
10. Introduced species can often be described as
_____________, outcompeting ________________ species
in a given region.
a. Specialists; extinct
b. Endemic; other
c. Generalists; endemic
d. K-strategists; r-strategists
e. Specialists; extirpated
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
11. The Everglades Restoration Plan in Florida
a. Seeks to exterminate numerous invasive
fish species and plants
b. Will restore natural levels of water flow
by undoing numerous damming and
drainage projects
c. Will result in serious depletion of
drinking water supplies in south Florida
d. Will probably destroy much of the
commercial fishing in the area
e. Is a long-term restoration project with
the focus of restoring the temperate
deciduous forest biome
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
12. The most productive (gC/m2/yr) ecosystems in
the world are
a. Swamps and marshes
b. Boreal forests
c. The open ocean
d. Temperate grasslands
e. Temperate deciduous forests
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
13. The rate at which biomass becomes available to
consumers is termed
a. Gross primary production
b. Ecosystem productivity
c. Cellular respiration
d. Secondary productivity
e. Net primary productivity
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
14. The causes of the current (sixth) mass extinction
include all of these except
a. Global climate change
b. Forest fires, tsunamis, and volcanic
eruptions
c. Pollution from agricultural runoff and
eutrophication
d. Invasive exotic species
e. Human population growth
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
17. Zooplankton populations in Lake Erie and the
Hudson River have declined by up to 70% since
the arrival of zebra mussels because
a. Waste from zebra mussels promotes
bacterial growth that kills zooplankton
b. Zebra mussels prey on zooplankton
c. Zebra mussels feed on cyanobacteria,
which zooplankton need as a food
resource
d. Zebra mussels block sunlight penetration
into lakes and thus prevent zooplankton
from photosynthesizing
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
15. A population of grazing, deer-like mammals is
found on a remote island in forested New
Guinea. Which of the following information is
most important in determining whether these
mammals all belong to a single species?
a. That they share 99% of their physical
traits
b. Whether they can breed with one
another
c. That the males all have similar antlers
d. Whether the matings produce viable,
fertile young
e. That all these deer-like mammals appear
to eat the same varieties of grass
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
16. The invasive zebra mussel, growing under ideal
conditions after introduction into Lake Michigan,
will most likely experience
a. Logistic growth
b. Exponential growth
c. Endemic growth
d. Limitless growth
e. Environmental resistance
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18. A keystone species
a. Is most often dominant in numbers in
their ecosystem
b. When removed, causes the removal of a
trophic level in the ecosystem
c. Is most likely a top predator
d. Is most likely to be a producer on which
all species ultimately depend
e. Feeds upon a variety of species in several
different trophic levels
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19. The largest reservoir of carbon in the carbon
cycle is
a. Freshwater systems
b. Plant lie
c. Sedimentary rock and fossil fuels
d. Located in the atmosphere
e. Located in the hydrosphere
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
20. “Dead zones” characteristic of the Chesapeake
Bay estuary and many other locations
worldwide most frequently result from
a. negative feedback loops
b. invasive species of fish displacing native
oysters
c. a disrupted water cycle
d. a disrupted nitrogen cycle
e. a disrupted carbon cycle
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
21. Ocean acidification results from
a. Increased use of artificial fertilizers
b. Increased pH due to high levels of
carbonic acid
c. Lowered pH due to carbonic acid
d. The increased availability of carbonate
ions
e. The dissolving of shelled organisms
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
22. Earth’s biodiversity of between 1.8 and 100
million species has most likely resulted from
a. High rates of mutation in the past
millennium
b. Sympatric speciation
c. Current climate change pressures
d. Speciation minus extinction
e. The wide variety of habitats to fill
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
23. The main reason for the high species extinction
rate that we see today is
a. Global climate change
b. Invasive disease organisms
c. Overharvesting of Earth’s valuable
biodiversity
d. The inability of Earth’s biodiversity to
adapt
e. Habitat destruction
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences: