(Effective 5 December 2008)
THE HONORABLE CHARLES N. BROWER
20 Essex Street Chambers
20 Essex Street
London WC2R 3AL
ENGLAND
Telephone: (44.20) 7583 9294
Facsimile: (44.20) 7583 1341
E-mail: cbrower@20essexst.com
**
Iran-United States Claims Tribunal
Parkweg 13
2585 JH The Hague
THE NETHERLANDS
Telephone: (31.70) 352-0064
Direct: (31.70) 306-4831
Facsimile: (31.70) 350-2456
E-mail: cbrower@iusct.nl
E-mail: d.valk@iusct.nl
**
Washington, D.C. Office
701 Thirteenth Street, NW
Suite 600
Washington, DC 20005
USA
Telephone: (202) 626-3602
Facsimile: (202) 639-9355
E-mail: sprahasto@whitecase.com
**
Worldwide
U.S. Mobile: (1) (202) 361-8601
Dutch Mobile: (31) (6) 5203 5547
E-mail: cbrower@20essexst.com
Current private position:
Member, 20 Essex Street Chambers
Current public positions:
Judge, Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, The Hague (1983-1984 pursuant to Note to
Article 13 of the Tribunal Rules; 1984-88 pursuant to Article 7(1) of the Tribunal
Rules; 1988-2000 pursuant to Article 13(5) and Note to Article 13 of the Tribunal
Rules; from 2001 pursuant to Article 7(1) of the Tribunal Rules)
Relevant awards, decisions, opinions, and orders reprinted in, inter alia, Volumes
6 et seq. of IRAN-U.S. CL. TRIB. REP.
Judge Ad Hoc, Inter-American Court of Human Rights (appointed by the Government of
the Republic of Bolivia) (1999-)
Member, Register of Experts, United Nations Compensation Commission, Geneva
(1991-)
Member, Panels of Arbitrators and Conciliators, International Centre for Settlement of
Investment Disputes (1998-)
Past private positions:
White & Case LLP
As associate (1961-69) and partner (1969) in New York City, partner (1973-84, 19882000) and Special Counsel (2001-February 28, 2005) in Washington, DC,
handled litigation in federal and state courts throughout the United States,
including jury trials, bench trials, and appeals, in a wide range of civil,
administrative, and criminal proceedings, while specializing for 25 years in the
handling of contentious disputes involving States or State entities before
international courts, tribunals and commissions
Past public positions:
Member, Steering Committee on International Mass Claims, Permanent Court of
Arbitration, The Hague (2000-) (see Howard M. Holtzmann & Edda
Kristjánsdóttir (eds.), INTERNATIONAL MASS CLAIMS PROCESSES: LEGAL AND
PRACTICAL PERSPECTIVES (2007))
Alternate Member, North American Free Trade Agreement Advisory Committee on
Private Commercial Disputes (1994-96)
Deputy Special Counsellor to the President of the United States (by leave of the President
of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal pursuant to Article 13(2) of the
Tribunal Rules [see 14 IRAN-U.S. CL. TRIB. REP. 353-54; David M. Abshire,
SAVING THE REAGAN PRESIDENCY (2005)] (1987)
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United States Department of State
Member, United States Secretary of State's Advisory Committee on Public
International Law (1996-2006)
Acting Legal Adviser (1973) (chief lawyer of the Department and principal
international lawyer for the United States Government)
Deputy Legal Adviser (1971-72)
Assistant Legal Adviser for European Affairs (1969-71)
During this service advised or headed various United States Delegations,
including:
Chairman, Inter-Agency Task Force on the Law of the Sea (1973)
Member, Joint U.S.-U.S.S.R. Commercial Commission (1972-73)
Principal legal adviser to the United States Delegation negotiating the
Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin (1970-72)
Head of the United States Delegation to the International Conference on
Air Law (Montreal Sabotage Convention) (1971)
Principal legal adviser to the United States Delegation negotiating the
Cooperation Agreement Between the United States and Spain (and
Head of the United States Delegation negotiating the related Status
of Forces Agreement) (1969-70)
Counsel, United States Section, International Joint Commission (United
States and Canada) (1969-71)
Representations before the International Court of Justice:
Difference Relating to Immunity from Legal Process of a Special Rapporteur of the
Commission on Human Rights, Advisory Opinion, 1999 I.C.J. 62.
Counsel and advocate for the Republic of Costa Rica (1998)
Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention arising
from the Aerial Incident at Lockerbie (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v. United States of
America), Provisional Measures, Order of 14 April 1992, 1992 I.C.J. 114.
Counsel and advocate for the United States (provisional measures phase) (1992)
Passage Through the Great Belt (Finland v. Denmark), Provisional Measures, Order of
29 July 1991, 1991 I.C.J. 12.
Expert on United States law for the Kingdom of Denmark (not publicly listed)
-3-
Advice to other governments and parties of a confidential nature regarding the Court and
proceedings before it
Representations before other international courts, tribunals, and commissions:
Apart from cases in arbitration under the rules of the American Arbitration Association,
the International Chamber of Commerce International Court of Arbitration, the
London Court of International Arbitration, the United Nations Commission on
International Trade Law and other arbitral regimes (all of which assignments are
confidential unless agreed otherwise), has acted as counsel in the following
matters:
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes:
Mondev International Ltd. v. United States of America
(Case No. ARB(AF)/99/2)
Available at <<www.naftalaw.org>>
Eudoro A. Olguín v. República del Paraguay (Case No. ARB/98/5)
Decision on Jurisdiction (August 8, 2000)
Award (July 26, 2001)
Available at: <<http://www.worldbank.org/icsid/cases/awards.htm>>
Víctor Pey Casado and President Allende Foundation v. Republic of Chile
(Case No. ARB/98/2)
Československá obchodní banka, a.s. v. Slovak Republic (Case No. ARB/97/4)
Decision on Objections to Jurisdiction, May 24, 1999, 14 ICSID
REV.—FOR. INV. L.J. 251 (1999), 14 MEALEY’S INT’L ARB.
REP. 21 (1999)
ICSID Tribunal Decision on Further and Partial Objection to
Jurisdiction, December 1, 2000, 15 ICSID REV.—FOR.
INV. L.J. 544 (2000)
Final
Award,
December
29,
2004,
available
http://ita.law.uvic.ca/alphabetical_list.htm
at
Compañia del Desarrollo de Santa Elena, S.A. v. Republic of Costa Rica
(Case No. ARB/96/1)
ICSID Tribunal Final Award of February 17, 2000, 39 I.L.M. 1317
(2000),
available
at
http://www.worldbank.org/icsid/cases/santaelena_award.pd
f
Manufacturers Hanover Trust Company v. Arab Republic of Egypt and General
Authority for Investment and Free Zones (Case No. ARB/89/1)
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Amco Asia Corp., Pan-American Development, Ltd. and P.T. Indonesia v.
Republic of Indonesia (Case No. ARB/81/1)
Jurisdictional decision of September 25, 1983, 23 I.L.M. 351
(1984)
Decision of December 9, 1983 Regarding Provisional Measures,
24 I.L.M. 365 (1985)
Award of November 20, 1984, 24 I.L.M. 1022 (1985) (excerpts)
Ad Hoc Committee Decision of May 16, 1986, 25 I.L.M. 1439
(1986)
Decision on Jurisdiction of May 10, 1988, 27 I.L.M. 1281 (1988)
Award of June 5, 1990 and Decision on Supplemental Decisions
and Rectification of October 17, 1990, 5 INT’L ARB. REP.,
No. 11, at Sec. D (Nov. 1990)
United Nations Compensation Commission, Geneva:
From 1992 to 2000 acted as counsel in approximately $2 billion of claims against
Iraq presented on behalf of nationals or companies of the Bahamas,
Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and the United States
Adjudicatory and arbitral assignments (other than Iran-United States Claims Tribunal):
In addition to sitting as co-arbitrator, chairman or sole arbitrator under the rules of the
American Arbitration Association, the International Chamber of Commerce
International Court of Arbitration, the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce, the
London Court of International Arbitration, and the United Nations Commission
on International Trade Law and other arbitral regimes (all of which assignments
are confidential unless otherwise agreed), has sat in the following capacities:
Chevron Corporation (U.S.A.) and Texaco Petroleum Corporation (U.S.A.) v. The
Republic of Ecuador (PCA Case No. AA277) (serving as co-arbitrator with
Professor Albert Jan van den Berg, and (as President) Professor Karl-Heinz
Böckstiegel) (2006 - )
Interim Award of the Tribunal (Dec. 1, 2008), available at
http://ita.law.uvic.ca/
Piero Foresti, Ida Laura De Carli et al. v. Republic of South Africa (ICSID Case
No. ARB(AF)/07/01) (serving as co-arbitrator with Joseph M. Matthews
of Colson Hicks Eidson and (as President) Professor Vaughan Lowe,
Chichele Professor of International Law, Oxford University) (2007-)
Azpetrol International Holdings BV, et al v. Republic of Azerbaijan (ICSID Case
No. ARB/06/15) (serving as co-arbitrator with Professor Christopher
Greenwood CBE QC and (as President) Florentino P. Feliciano, formerly
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Justice of the Supreme Court of The Philippines and Chairman of the
Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization) (2006-)
Oxus Gold plc v. The Kyrgyz Republic (LCIA Arbitration No. UN6825) (serving
as co-arbitrator with Professor Pierre-Marie Dupuy of the European
University Institute, Italy and (as President) Professor Francisco Orrego
of the University of Chile, formerly President of the World Bank
Administrative Tribunal and formerly Chilean Ambassador to the United
Kingdom) (2006-)
Hrvatska Elektroprivreda, d.d. v. The Republic of Slovenia (ICSID Case No.
ARB/05/24) (serving as co-arbitrator with Jan Paulsson, President of the
World Bank Administrative Tribunal and President of the London Court
of International Arbitration and (as President) David A.R. Williams QC,
formerly Judge of the High Court of New Zealand) (2005-)
I&I Beheer v. Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (ICSID Case No. ARB/05/04)
(serving as co-arbitrator with Professor Pierre-Marie Dupuy of the
European University Institute, Italy and (as President) Professor KarlHeinz Böckstiegel, formerly President of the Iran-United States Claims
Tribunal and President of the London Court of International Arbitration )
(2005-)
DaimlerChrysler Services A.G. v. Argentine Republic (ICSID Case No.
ARB/05/01) (serving as co-arbitrator with Prof. Domingo Bello Janeiro of
Spain and (as President) Professor Pierre-Marie Dupuy of the European
University Institute, Italy) (2005-)
Vannessa Ventures Ltd. v. Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (ICSID Case No.
ARB(AF)/04/6) (serving as co-arbitrator with Brigitte Stern, Professor at
the Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne and member of the United
Nations Administrative Tribunal and (as President) Robert Briner, former
President of the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal and former Chairman of the
International Chamber of Commerce International Court of Arbitration)
(2004-)
Interbrew Central European Holding B.V. v. Republic of Slovenia (ICSID Case
No. ARB/04/17) (served as co-arbitrator with Florentino P. Feliciano,
formerly Justice of the Supreme Court of The Philippines and Chairman of
the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization, and (as President)
of the University of Chile, formerly
President of the World Bank Administrative Tribunal and Chilean
Ambassador to the United Kingdom) (2004)
Telefónica S.A. v. Argentine Republic (ICSID Case No. ARB/03/20) (serving as
co-arbitrator with Eduardo Siqueiros of Mexico and (as President) Giorgio
Sacerdoti, member of the Appellate Body of the World Trade
Organization and Professor of European and International Law at Bocconi
University) (2004-)
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ADC Affiliate Limited and ADC & ADMC Management Limited v. Republic of
Hungary (ICSID Case No. ARB/03/16) (served as co-arbitrator with Dr.
Albert Jan van den Berg, formerly Vice President of the London Court of
International Arbitration and Professor of Law at Erasmus University, and
(as President) Neil Kaplan QC, formerly Chairman of the Hong Kong
International Arbitration Centre and President of the Chartered Institute of
Arbitrators) (2004-06)
Award
of the Tribunal (Oct. 2, 2006), available at
http://www.worldbank.org/icsid/cases/pdf/ARB0316_ADC
vHungary_AwardOctober2_2006.pdf
CDC Group plc v. Republic of the Seychelles (ICSID Case No. ARB/02/14)
(Annulment Proceeding) (served as President with co-members of the ad
hoc Committee Michael Hwang SC, Commissioner of the United Nations
Compensation Commission and Vice Chairman of the International
Council on Commercial Arbitration, and David A.R. Williams QC,
formerly Judge of the High Court of New Zealand) (2004-05)
Decision on Whether or Not to Continue Stay and Order (July 14,
2004),
available
at
http://ita.law.uvic.ca/otherinterinvestmentcases.htm
Decision of the ad hoc Committee on the Application for
Annulment of the Republic of the Seychelles rendered on
June 29, 2005
Occidental Exploration and Production Company v. Republic of Ecuador (LCIA
Arbitration No. UN3467) (served as co-arbitrator with Dr. Patrick Barrera
Sweeney of Ecuador and (as Presiding Arbitrator) Professor Francisco
Orrego Vicuña of the University of Chile, formerly President of the World
Bank Administrative Tribunal and Chilean Ambassador to the United
Kingdom) (2002-2004)
Final
Award
(July
1,
2004),
http://asil.org/ilib/ilib0713.htm
available
at
Judgment of the Supreme Court of Judicature, Court of Appeal
(Civil Division), [2005] EWCA Civ 1116, (Sept. 9, 2005),
available
at
http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2005/1116.html
Approved Judgment, High Court of Justice Queen’s Bench
Division (Commercial Court), [2006] EWHC 345 (Comm),
(Mar.
2,
2006),
available
at
http://www.iisd.org/pdf/2006/itn_ecuador_occidental.pdf
Approved Judgment, Supreme Court of Judicature, Court of
Appeal (Civil Division), [2007] EWCA Civ 656, (July 4,
2007), available at http://ita.law.uvic.ca/.
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Petition for leave to appeal refused, House of Lords (November 12,
2007), unreported. See Daily list of Decisions on Petitions
to
Appeal,
available
at
http://www.lawreports.co.uk/HouseofLords/decisionresults
07.htm
Siemens A.G. v. Argentine Republic (ICSID Case No. ARB/02/8) (served as coarbitrator with Prof. Domingo Bello Janeiro of Spain and (as President)
Dr. Andres Rigo Sureda, formerly Acting Vice President and General
Counsel of the World Bank) (2002-2007)
Decision on Jurisdiction (August 3, 2004), available at
http://www.asil.org/ilib/Siemens_Argentina.pdf
Award
of the Tribunal, (Feb. 6, 2007), available
http://ita.law.uvic.ca/documents/Siemens-ArgentinaAward.pdf
at
Alimenta S.A. v. Republic of The Gambia (ICSID Case No. ARB/99/5) (served as
President with co-arbitrators The Honorable Dr. Samuel K. B. Asante,
formerly Deputy Attorney General and Solicitor General of the Republic
of Ghana, and Kenneth S. Rokison QC, formerly Chairman of the Board
of Directors of the London Court of International Arbitration) (1999-2001)
Judge Ad Hoc, Inter-American Court of Human Rights (Case No. 11.123 (Trujillo
Oroza)) (1999-)
I/A Court H.R., Trujillo Oroza Case, Judgment of January 26,
2000. Series C No. 64
I/A Court H.R., Trujillo Oroza Case, Reparations (Art. 63.1 of the
American Convention on Human Rights), Judgment of
February 27, 2002. Series C No. 92
Tanzania Electric Supply Company Ltd. v. Independent Power Tanzania Ltd.
(Case No. ARB/98/8) (served as co-arbitrator with The Honorable Andrew
Rogers QC, formerly Chief Judge of the Commercial Division of the
Supreme Court of New South Wales, and (as President) Kenneth S.
Rokison QC, formerly Chairman of the Board of Directors of the London
Court of International Arbitration) (1999-2001)
Award of the Tribunal (July 12, 2001)
Appendix A - Decision on the Respondent's Request for
Provisional Measures
Appendix B - Decision on Preliminary Issues
Appendix C - Decision on Tariff and Other Remaining
Issues
Appendix D - Decision on All Further Remaining Issues
Appendix E - Stipulation Regarding Disputes Concerning
the Construction Contingency Account
-8-
Appendix F - Stipulation and Agreement
Available at:
<<http://www.worldbank.org/icsid/cases/awards.htm>>
Ethyl Corporation v. The Government of Canada (first NAFTA Chapter 11
investor-State dispute involving Canada) (UNCITRAL Rules arbitration in
Toronto) (served as co-arbitrator with The Honorable Marc Lalonde,
formerly Canadian Cabinet Minister, and (as Presiding Arbitrator)
Professor Dr. Karl-Heinz Böckstiegel, formerly President of the IranUnited States Claims Tribunal and President of the London Court of
International Arbitration) (1997-98)
Decision Regarding the Place of Arbitration, reprinted in 38 I.L.M. 708
(1999)
Award on Jurisdiction reprinted in 38 I.L.M. 708 (1999)
Note, 94 AM. J. INT’L. L. 159 (2000)
“Neutral Evaluator” appointed by North American Securities Administrators
Association with sole authority to design and implement procedures to
distribute to investors suffering “hardship” a $9 million “Reallocation
Fund” created under settlement with Lloyd’s of London (1996-97)
Vacuum Salt Products Limited v. The Republic of Ghana (Case No. ARB/92/1)
(first International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
arbitration ever dismissed for want of jurisdiction) (served as co-arbitrator,
and as Acting President, with The Honorable Kamal Hossain, formerly
Bangladeshi Cabinet Minister, and (as President) His Excellency Judge Sir
Robert Y. Jennings, then President of the International Court of Justice)
(1992-94)
Award reprinted in 9 ICSID REV.—FOR. INV. L.J. 71 (1994)
Expert opinion testimony:
RJR Nabisco Inc. (formerly R. J. Reynolds Industries, Inc.) and Consolidated
Subsidiaries v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 76 T.C.M. (CCH) 71 (July 8,
1998)
(written and oral testimony in United States Tax Court as expert in public
international law and international arbitral practice; based on this testimony the
Court ruled in favor of taxpayer’s claim that $55,147,935 “level of inflation”
granted in the Award in Kuwait v. Aminoil, 21 I.L.M. 977, was a capital gain on
investment rather than ordinary “interest” income) (1996-98)
-9-
“Country X v. Company Q,” 22 Y.B. COM. ARB. 227 (1997) (excerpts)
(expert opinion on behalf of “Country X” on aspects of UNCITRAL Arbitration
Rules relating to challenge of arbitrator; submitted to Appointing Authority
serving pursuant to those Rules)
Mohajer-Shojaee v. Levine, et al. (1993)
(testified on deposition as expert on the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal
engaged by insurance company defending Michigan state court legal malpractice
suit brought by two United States-Iranian dual nationals whose claims had been
dismissed by the Tribunal [25 IRAN-U.S. CL. TRIB. REP. 196, 273]; case
voluntarily dismissed following this testimony)
Academic appointments and lectures:
John A. Ewald Distinguished Visiting Professor, University of Virginia School of Law
(appointment offered and accepted to teach a regular schedule in international law
in academic year 2001-02 but later withdrew due to reappointment to Iran-United
States Claims Tribunal)
Cambridge University, Visiting Fellow, Lauterpacht Research Centre for International
Law and Jesus College (2001, 2005)
University of Helsinki (one-week course on the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal)
(1991)
The Hague Academy of International Law (one-week course on the Iran-United States
Claims Tribunal) (1990)
Individual lectures have been given as follows:
Yale University School of Law (2007)
Duke University School of Law (2007)
City University, Hong Kong (Fourteenth Goff Arbitration Lecture ) (see “Prizes
and Honors,” infra) (2007)
University of Leiden, The Netherlands (2005)
Harvard Law School (2003)
University of Mississippi School of Law and Croft Institute for International
Studies (1999)
University of Baltimore School of Law (1997)
The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy (Francis Adams Lecture) (1997)
Florida State University College of Law (Ball Chair Lecture) (1997)
Georgetown University Law School (1997)
George Washington University Law School (1997)
Lauterpacht Research Centre for International Law (University of Cambridge)
(1996)
Villanova University School of Law (1996)
Max-Planck-Institut für Ausländisches Öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht,
Heidelberg, Germany (in German) (1986)
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Listed in:
Top Arbitrators, in FOCUS EUROPE, American Lawyer, June 2007 (listed 4th on list of 22
“Top Arbitrators”)
Top Ten Arbitrators, in FOCUS EUROPE, American Lawyer, Summer 2005, at 25
WHO’S WHO IN THE WORLD
WHO’S WHO IN AMERICA
WHO’S WHO IN PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW 2007
GUIDE TO THE WORLD’S LEADING EXPERTS IN COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION, Euromoney
Legal Media Group (1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2007)
DISPUTE RESOLUTION, GLOBAL COUNSEL HANDBOOKS, Practical Law Company (20042005, 2005-2006)
WHO’S WHO LEGAL, LAW BUSINESS RESEARCH LIMITED (2003-2004, 2006, 2007, 2008)
“The Global Counsel Top 10 Arbitration Specialists,” PLC GLOBAL COUNSEL,
June 2002, Vol. VII, No. 5, pp. 19-23, Practical Law Company (2002)
(Listed as one of the top 10 international arbitration specialists in the world)
“The Best of the Best,” EUROMONEY LEGAL MEDIA GROUP GUIDE (1999)
(Listed as one of four best international commercial arbitration experts in the
United States and one of “The World’s Top Twenty Experts in Commercial
Arbitration”)
“Leading Arbitrators,” CHAMBERS GLOBAL GUIDE 2006, 2007
“Most in Demand Arbitrators,” CHAMBERS GLOBAL 2008
(Listed as “generally seen as one of the best arbitrators around when it comes to
foreign investment cases”)
Education:
Harvard College (B.A., cum laude) (1957)
Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, and Hochschule für Politik, Berlin
(Fulbright Scholarship) (1957-58)
Harvard Law School (J.D.) (1961)
Columbia University, Parker School of Comparative and International Law (Certificate)
(1962)
Languages:
Dutch
English
French
German
Russian (very limited)
Prizes and honors:
“The Subject This Evening is Virtue,” in LCIA News Vol. 12 Issue 2 (July 2007) at 14
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The Fourteenth Goff Arbitration Lecture, “W(h)ither International Commercial
Arbitration,” delivered on January 16, 2007 at the Hong Kong International Arbitration
Center (co-sponsored by City University of Hong Kong and Freshfields)
“Brower Hall” (main entrance hall) of Tillar House, headquarters of the American
Society of International Law in Washington, D.C., dedicated by the Society November 2,
2002:
In honor of Charles N. Brower, whose leadership made possible
the renovation of Tillar House 2001-2002.
Barylypa broweri, an “elegant insect” newly discovered in Costa Rica and named in my
honor in recognition of “enthusiastic and outstanding legal defense of the hundreds of
thousands of species . . . of the Santa Elena Peninsula serpentine barrens in northwestern
Costa Rica,” 1999 (recorded in 63 MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL
INSTITUTE 435)
Honorary member (first ever selected) of The Stephen Gorove International Law and
Policy Society of the University of Mississippi School of Law, 1999
Certificate of Merit of the American Society of International Law for THE IRAN-UNITED
STATES CLAIMS TRIBUNAL, 1998 (see “Books” under “Principal publications,” infra)
Professional associations:
American Arbitration Association:
Panel of Arbitrators
American Bar Association:
Board of Governors (1985-88)
House of Delegates (1982 and 1984-98)
Chairman, Section of International Law (1981-82)
American Journal of International Law:
Board of Editors (1993-present)
American Law Institute:
Advisor, The Restatement of the Law, Foreign Relations Law of the United
States (Revised)
American Society of International Law:
Counsellor (2004-present)
Honorary Vice President (ex officio member of the Executive Council)
(1998-2004)
President (1996-98)
Vice President (1994-96)
Two terms as member of the Executive Council
Berkeley Journal of International Law:
Board of Directors (1996-)
Cairo (Egypt) Regional Commercial Arbitration Centre:
Panel of Arbitrators
Center for Strategic and International Studies
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Chartered Institute of Arbitrators:
Chartered Arbitrator and Fellow
College of Commercial Arbitrators:
Fellow
Council on Foreign Relations
Fordham International Law Journal:
Editorial Advisory Board
Foundation (Stichting) Hague Joint Conferences:
Board of Directors
Hague Prize for International Law:
Nominating Committee
Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre:
Panel of Arbitrators
Institute for Transnational Arbitration, Center for American and International Law:
Chairman, Advisory Board (1994-2000)
Executive Committee (2000-present)
International Arbitral Centre of the Austrian Federal Economic Chamber:
Panel of Arbitrators
International Bar Association
International Institute for Conflict Prevention and Resolution:
Panel of Distinguished Neutrals
International Law Association:
Honorary Vice President, American Branch
Committee on International Commercial Arbitration
London Court of International Arbitration
Center for American and International Law:
Trustee (1996-)
Swiss Arbitration Association
Transnational Dispute Management:
Chairman of the Editorial Advisory Board
Virginia Journal of International Law:
Board of Advisors
Principal publications:
Book:
THE IRAN-UNITED STATES CLAIMS TRIBUNAL, with Jason D. Brueschke, Martinus
Nijhoff, The Hague, 1998 (awarded the Certificate of Merit of the American Society of
International Law in 1998)
Book reviews:
Thomas Waelde, at http://www.dundee.ac.uk/cepmlp/journal/html/review57.html
David J. Bederman, 93 AM. J. INT’L L. 538 (1999)
John A. Westberg, 13 ICSID REV.—FOR. INV. L.J. 718 (1998)
Jeff Bleich, 39 VA. J. INT’L L. 1221 (1999)
Steven Hill, 24 YALE J. INT’L L. 615 (1999)
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Edited books:
AFTER ALGIERS: PROTECTING AND PERFECTING AMERICAN CLAIMS AGAINST IRAN
(Charles N. Brower, Lee R. Marks, & John F. Olson eds., 1981)
DOING BUSINESS IN HIGH RISK COUNTRIES: CONTRACT NEGOTIATION AND DISPUTE
RESOLUTION (Charles N. Brower, Lee R. Marks, & John F. Olson eds., 1982)
INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION (Charles N. Brower & Lee R. Marks eds.,
1983)
INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY: TOWARDS “JUDICIALIZATION” AND
UNIFORMITY (Charles N. Brower & Richard B. Lillich eds., 1993)
Articles, pamphlets, and shorter works in collection:
The Soviet Trade Agreement – What It Is, LXVIII DEP’T ST. BULL. 264 (1973), reprinted
in 143 DEP’T ST. NEWSL. 24 (1973)
Department Gives Views on Proposed War Powers Legislation, LXVIII DEP’T ST. BULL.
434 (1973)
International Enforcement of Air Security – United States Initiatives, with Franklin K.
Willis, 18 VILL. L. REV. 1020 (1973)
Aircraft Hijacking and Sabotage: Initiative or Inertia?, LXVIII DEP’T ST. BULL. 872
(1973)
The Great War Powers Debate, 7 INT’L LAW. 746 (1973)
Ending World War II: Towards a Final Settlement in Europe, 67 AM. SOC’Y INT’L L.
PROC. 169 (1973)
International Law As An Instrument of National Policy, LXVIII DEP’T ST. BULL. 644
(1973), reprinted in 3 DENV. J. INT’L L. & POL’Y 285 (1973)
The Case for Cross-Border Litigation: The Continent That Sues Together Hews
Together, 68 AM. SOC’Y INT’L L. PROC. 239 (1974)
The Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States, 69 AM. SOC’Y INT’L L. PROC. 231
(1975)
The Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States: A Reflection or Rejection of
International Law?, with John B. Tepe, 9 INT’L LAW. 295 (1975)
The Joint US-USSR Commercial Commission: A Continuum of Sub-Summitry, BUSINESS
TRANSACTIONS WITH THE USSR, American Bar Association (1975)
The Future for Foreign Investment: Recent Developments in the International Law of
Expropriation and Compensation, PRIVATE INVESTORS ABROAD – PROBLEMS AND
SOLUTIONS IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS IN 1975, Southwestern Legal Foundation (1976)
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Litigating the Immunity of Foreign Sovereigns: Selected Problems of Presenting Your
Case in the Courts and the Executive Branch, 70 AM. SOC’Y INT’L L. PROC. 41 (1976)
The Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States and the American Constitutional
Tradition: A Bicentennial Perspective on the “New International Economic Order,” 10
INT’L LAW. 701 (1976)
Litigation of Sovereign Immunity Before a State Administrative Body and the Department
of State: The Japanese Uranium Tax Case, 71 AM. J. INT’L L. 438 (1977)
Rechtliche und Steuerliche Aspekte Deutscher Investitionen in den USA, INVEST IN USA:
EIN LEITFADEN FÜR DIREKTINVESTITIONEN, German-American Chamber of Commerce
(1977)
Tiger hinter Buschen: Rechtliche Tips fur U.S. - Investitionen, AMERIKA HANDEL (Sept.
1977), at 6
State Immunity: Law and Practice in the United States and Europe, International Law
Association (1978)
The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976 in Practice, 73 AM. J. INT’L L. 200 (1979)
Is NEPA Exportable Law?, with Margaret Murphy, 43 ALB. L. REV. 513 (1979)
Suing Foreign Sovereigns and Their Agencies and Instrumentalities in the U.S.,
LEARNING FROM THE IRANIAN EXPERIENCE: DOING BUSINESS IN HIGH RISK COUNTRIES,
Law & Business, Inc. (1980)
Symposium on the Settlement with Iran, 13 LAW. AM. 1 (1981) (contributor)
Commercial Aspects of the Iran Crisis:
INTERNATIONAL LAW (1981), at 64
The Asset Freeze, THE IRAN CRISIS
AND
A LAWYER’S GUIDE TO INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS: INTERNATIONAL
LEGAL PROTECTION OF UNITED STATES INVESTMENT ABROAD, No. 6 (1981)
Jurisdiction over Foreign Sovereigns: Litigation v. Arbitration, 17 INT’L LAW. 681
(1983)
The International Law Perspective of Abolishing or Changing the Act of State Doctrine
by Legislation, with John R. Lacey, in ACT OF STATE AND EXTRATERRITORIAL REACH:
PROBLEMS OF LAW AND POLICY (1983)
Court-Ordered Provisional Measures Under the New York Convention, with Michael
Tupman, 80 AM. J. INT’L L. 24 (1986)
Dispute Resolution and International Arbitration in the Pacific Basin, CURRENT LEGAL
ASPECTS OF DOING BUSINESS IN THE PACIFIC BASIN (1987), at 349
Current Developments in the Law of Expropriation and Compensation: A Preliminary
Survey of Awards of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, 21 INT’L LAW. 643 (1987)
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The Iran-United States Claims Tribunal After Seven Years: A Retrospective View from
the Inside, 43 ARB. J. 16 (1988)
Discovery and Production of Evidence in the United States: Theory and Practice, with
Michael Tupman, THE DOSSIERS OF THE INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS LAW
AND PRACTICE, International Chamber of Commerce (1990)
Dispute Resolution in Commercial Contracts and Joint Ventures, THE MOSCOW
CONFERENCE ON LAW AND BILATERAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS (1990)
United Nations Considers How Iraq Should Pay Reparations, FINANCIAL TIMES
LONDON, Apr. 11, 1991, at 10
UN Sets the Stage for Gulf War Compensation Claims, FINANCIAL TIMES
May 16, 1991, at 12
OF
OF
LONDON,
The United Nations Sets the Stage for Gulf War Compensation Claims, 8 J. INT’L ARB. 7
(1991)
International Civil Litigation—Preliminary Relief, Taking Evidence, and Enforcing
Judgments, ASIL/NVIR PROC. (1991)
United Nations Commission Applies the Lessons of Iran to Iraq, FINANCIAL TIMES
LONDON, Sept. 12, 1991, at 33
OF
Provisional Measures and the Protection of ICSID Jurisdictional Exclusivity Against
Municipal Proceedings, with Ronald E.M. Goodman, 6 ICSID REV.—FOR. INV. L.J. 431
(1991)
U.N. Improves Approach to War Reparations, LEGAL TIMES, Sept. 16, 1991
U.N. Claims Process Off to a Good Start, 14 MIDDLE EAST EXECUTIVE REP. 9 (1991)
Lessons to be Drawn from the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal, 9 J. INT’L ARB. 51 (1992)
The Anatomy of Fact-Finding Before International Tribunals: An Analysis and a
Proposal Concerning the Evaluation of Evidence, in FACT-FINDING BEFORE
INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNALS 147 (Richard B. Lillich ed., 1992)
International Law: Credibility Depends On Iraqi Reparations, 15 MIDDLE EAST
EXECUTIVE REP. 12 (1992)
Profile of Arbitrator: Charles Nelson Brower, 4 ARB. MATERIALS 251 (1992)
The Lessons of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal: How May They Be Applied in
the Case of Iraq?, 32 VA. J. INT’L L. 421 (1992)
The Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, 224 RECUEIL DES COURS 127 (1993)
Guarantees and Political Risks: Understanding the Basic Lesson of the Gulf and Iranian
Crises, 16 MIDDLE EAST EXECUTIVE REP. 9 (1993)
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Evidence Before International Tribunals: The Need for Some Standard Rules, 28 INT’L
LAW. 47 (1994)
Correction and Completion of Awards; Enforcement of Partial and Final Awards;
Collaboration by Courts for an Award to Be Effective; Impact of International Public
Policy on Arbitration, INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION IN A CHANGING WORLD,
International Council for Commercial Arbitration Congress Series No. 6 (1994), at 213
The Clinton Administration, Congress and International Law, 88 AM. SOC’Y INT’L L.
PROC. 354 (1994)
The Lessons of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal Applied to Claims Against Iraq, in
THE UNITED NATIONS COMPENSATION COMMISSION 15 (Richard B. Lillich ed., 1995)
Remarks of Charles N. Brower, President of the American Society of International Law,
EL PAPEL DEL DERECHO INTERNACIONAL EN AMERICA, LA SOBERANIA NACIONAL EN LA
ERA DE LA INTEGRACION REGIONAL (June 6, 1996), at 7
Recent Decisions Involving Arbitral Proceedings, 30 INT’L LAW. 271 (1996)
Fostering Compliance In International Law, CANADIAN COUNCIL ON INTERNATIONAL
LAW, Proceedings of the 1996 Conference of the Canadian Council on International Law
(Oct. 1996), at 89
Arbitration Agreements Versus Forum Selection Clauses: Legal and Practical
Considerations, with Abby Cohen Smutny, in INTERNATIONAL DISPUTE RESOLUTION 37
(Richard B. Lillich ed., 1997)
The Effect of Independence of Quebec Upon Treaties and Agreements With the United
States of America, with Abby Cohen Smutny, 27 AM. REV. CANADIAN STUD. 51 (1997)
Arbitrating Against Foreign Governments, 6 FLA. ST. U.J. TRANSNAT’L L. & POL’Y 189
(1997)
The Global Court: The Internalization of Commercial Adjudication and Arbitration,
Symposium issue of the 26 U. BALT. L. REV. 3, 9 (1997)
Richard Lillich and the United Nations Compensation Commission: Goodbye Forever to
‘Direct’ Versus ‘Indirect’ Damages, 38 VA. J. INT’L L. 21 (1997)
Contemporary International Law Issues: New Forms, New Applications, 91 AM. SOC’Y
INT’L L. PROC. 184 (1997)
Compliance with International Law, AM. BRANCH INT’L L. ASS’N PROC. 70 (1997-98)
The Initiation of Arbitration Proceedings: ‘Jack be Nimble, Jack be Quick . . .!’ 13
ICSID REV.—FOR. INV. L.J. 15 (1998)
Guarantees and Political Risks: Understanding the Basic Lesson of the Gulf and Iranian
Crises, 16 MIDDLE EAST EXECUTIVE REP. 9 (1993), reprinted in INTERNATIONAL
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BUSINESS LAW AND ITS ENVIRONMENT (Richard Schaffer, Beverley Earle & Filiberto
Agusti eds., 1999)
Process, Practice and Procedure of the International Court of Justice, 92 AM. SOC’Y
INT’L L. PROC. 278 (1998)
War Crimes Tribunals: The Record and the Prospects, 13 AM. U. INT’L L. REV. 1387
(1998)
The Long-Term Contribution of the Tribunal to International Law, with David D. Caron,
in REVOLUTIONARY DAYS: THE IRAN HOSTAGE CRISIS AND THE HAGUE CLAIMS
TRIBUNAL 173 (Juris Publishing, Inc., 1999)
Ibrahim Shihata and the Resolution of International Investment Disputes: The Masterful
Missionary, 31 STUD. TRANSNAT’L LEGAL POL’Y 79 (1999); reprinted in 15 ICSID
REV.—FOR. INV. L.J. 288 (2000)
The Journal—Past, Present and Future: An Introduction to the 40th Anniversary
Commemorative Issue, 40 VA. J. INT’L L. 803 (2000)
The Interpersonal Dynamics of Arbitral Decision-Making (I), in THE IRAN-UNITED
STATES CLAIMS TRIBUNAL AND THE PROCESS OF INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS RESOLUTION
(David D. Caron & John R. Crook eds., 2000)
The International Treaty-Making Process: Paradise Lost, or Humpty Dumpty?, in
MULTILATERAL TREATY-MAKING, 75 (Vera Gowlland-Debbas ed., 2000)
Who Then Should Judge? Developing the International Rule of Law Under NAFTA
Chapter 11, and the Doctrine of Indirect Expropriation, with Lee A. Steven, 2 CHI. J.
INT’L L. 193 (2001)
The Implications of National and International Environmental Obligations for Foreign
Investment Protection Standards, Including Valuation: A Report From the Front Lines,
with Eckhard R. Hellbeck, in INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENTS AND PROTECTION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT: THE ROLE OF DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS 19 (Kluwer Law
International, 2001)
The Privatization of Rules of Decision in International Commercial Arbitration, in LIBER
AMICORUM IN HONOR OF KARL-HEINZ BÖCKSTIEGEL (Carl Heymanns Verlag, 2001)
Ibrahim Shihata and the Resolution of International Investment Disputes: The Masterful
Missionary, LIBER AMICORUM IN HONOR OF IBRAHIM F.I. SHIHATA (Kluwer Law
International, 2001)
Remarks of Charles N. Brower, American Society of International Law Honors Memory
of Ibrahim F.I. Shihata, 19 ICSID NEWS, Spring 2002, at 3
Understanding ‘Binding’ Advisory Opinions of the International Court of Justice, with
Pieter H.F. Bekker, in LIBER AMICORUM JUDGE SHIGERU ODA 351 (N. Ando, E.
McWhinney & R. Wolfrum eds., 2002)
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The Coming Crisis in the Global Adjudication System, NEWS & NOTES, INST.
TRANSNAT’L ARB., Summer 2002, at 1
A Crisis of Legitimacy, NAT’L L.J., Oct. 7, 2002, at B9
Multiple and Conflicting International Arbitral Awards, with Jeremy K. Sharpe, 4 J.
WORLD INV. 211 (2003)
The Coming Crisis in the Global Adjudication System, with Charles H. Brower, II and
Jeremy K. Sharpe, 19 ARB. INT’L 415 (2003)
International Arbitration and the Islamic World: The Third Phase, with Jeremy K.
Sharpe, 97 AM. J. INT’L L. 643 (2003)
The Creeping Codification of Transnational Commercial Law: An Arbitrator’s
Perspective, with Jeremy K. Sharpe, 45 VA. J. INT’L L. 1 (2004)
Foreword, in IAI INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION SERIES NO. 1, ANNULMENT
AWARDS 1 (E. Gaillard & Y. Banifatemi eds., 2004)
OF
ICSID
Awards of Compound Interest in International Arbitration: The Aminoil Non-Precedent,
with Jeremy K. Sharpe, in LIBER AMICORUM ROBERT BRINER (2005)
General Valuation Principles: The Case of Santa Elena, with Jarrod Wong, in
INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW AND ARBITRATION: LEADING CASES FROM THE ICSID,
NAFTA, BILATERAL TREATIES AND CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW (Todd Weiler ed.,
2005)
The Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, in THE HAGUE: LEGAL CAPITAL OF THE WORLD
(Peter van Krieken & David McKay eds., 2005)
The Hague as Leading Host of International Organizations, in INTERNATIONAL
INSTITUTIONAL REFORM: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH HAGUE JOINT CONFERENCE
HELD IN THE HAGUE, THE NETHERLANDS 30 JUNE – 2 JULY 2005 (Agata Fijalkowski ed.,
2007)
Commentary and Discussion: How Members of the Tribunal Decide Cases in
International Arbitration, in THE SIXTEENTH ANNUAL ITA INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL
ARBITRATION WORKSHOP, 23 ARB. INT’L 250 (2007)
Awarding interest –ex officio or only if requested, at what rate, as of when, compound or
not? in THE RESOLUTION OF THE DISPUTE – FROM THE HEARING TO THE AWARD (Markus
Wirth ed., 2007) (ASA Special Series No. 29)
Damages in Investor-State Arbitration, with Michael Ottolenghi, in 4 Transnational
Dispute Management (Compensation and Damages Special Feature, Nov. 2007), at
www.transnational-dispute-management.com and in CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN
INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION AND MEDIATION: THE FORDHAM PAPERS 2007 (Arthur W.
Rovine ed., 2008)
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W(h)ither International Commercial Arbitration? – The Goff Lecture 2007, 24 ARB.
INT’L 181 (2008)
Determining the Extent of Discovery and Dealing with Requests for Discovery:
Perspectives from the Common Law, with Jeremy K. Sharpe, in THE LEADING
ARBITRATORS’ GUIDE TO INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION (Lawrence Newman & Richard
Hill eds., 2008)
William D. Rogers (1927-2007), 102 AM. J. INT’L L. 108 (2008)
Book reviews:
The Illegal Diversion of Aircraft and International Law, by Edward McWhinney, 42 J.
AIR L. & COM. 269 (1977)
Testimony:
War Powers Legislation of 1973: Hearings on S. 440 Before the Senate Comm. on
Foreign Relations, 93d Cong. (1973)
Policy and Programs in Cambodia: Hearings Before the Subcomm. on Asian and Pacific
Affairs of the House Comm. on Foreign Affairs, 93d Cong. 9 (1973)
Strengthening The International Court of Justice: Hearings on S. Res. 74-78 Before the
Senate Comm. on Foreign Relations, 93d Cong. 98 (1973)
The Sovereign Immunity Bill: Hearings on H.R. 3493 Before the Subcomm. on Claims
and Governmental Relations of the House Comm. on the Judiciary, 93d Cong. (1973)
Resolution Endorsing the President’s Oceans Policy Statement: Hearings on S. Res. 82
Before the Subcomm. on Oceans and the International Environment of the Senate Comm.
on Foreign Relations, 93d Cong. 3 (1973)
Montreal Protocol No. 3 and Montreal Protocol No. 4: Hearings Before the Senate
Comm. on Foreign Relations, 95th Cong., 1st. Sess. 106 (1977)
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