USE THE QUOTATION TO ANSWER QUESTION 1
The state is no more than the sum of all the individual people in it.
Its only purpose should be to do what its people want done. The
government should be the servant of the people, not their master.
..... 20th century economist.
1. Which political and economic value is supported by this quotation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Authoritarian
Collectivism
Individualism
Egalitarian
USE THE POLITICAL VIEWS TO ANSWER QUESTION 2
EXPRESSION OF POLITICAL VIEWS
" I will support substantial change if it is legally accomplished."
" I am more inclined to change than to 'stay put'."
" I will tolerate some disorder to promote individual freedom."
" I am optimistic and trusting about human nature."
2. The political views expressed are most characteristic of a
A.
B.
C.
D.
conservative.
liberal.
radical.
reactionary
3. "To express thoughts and opinions freely is one of the most precious rights of
man." This opinion places the highest priority on
A.
B.
C.
D.
collectivism.
individualism.
citizenship.
justice.
USE THE CARTOON TO ANSWER QUESTION 4
4. The individual in the cartoon could best be described as a
A.
B.
C.
D.
radical.
reactionary.
liberal.
progressive.
5. The belief that societal change is necessary for a state to return to its past
glory is most closely associated with the ideology of
A.
B.
C.
D.
communism
socialism
fascism
liberalism
USE THE STATEMENT TO ANSWER QUESTION 6
Respect for the dignity of the individual is of the utmost importance -- a
respect that requires equal rights and justice in law and society and an
acceptance of the will of the majority as long as that will operates under
the law, with respect for the rights and interests of minorities.
6. The values inherent in this statement would be most strongly supported by
A.
B.
C.
D.
collectivists
classical conservatives
fascists
liberals
7. In modern democracies, voters on the political 'left' commonly regard voters on
the political 'right' as
A.
B.
C.
D.
radical.
liberal.
progressive.
conservative.
USE THE INFORMATION TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 8
An individual holds the following political and economic views:




citizens should follow the will of the group.
significant change is required to bring society back to its neglected
traditions and values.
economic activity must reflect national goals.
all people must accept that a basic and natural inequality exists among
races and individuals.
8. These views would be found at what point on the following political spectrum?
left wing
right wing
_____|__________| ______________|_________|______
point I
point II
point III
point IV
A.
B.
C.
D.
Point I.
Point II.
Point III.
Point IV.
USE THE DIAGRAM TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 9
9. Which ideology would be best represented at Point I on the spectrum?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Fascism.
Communism.
Social democracy.
Classical liberalism.
USE THE CHARACTERISTIC TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 10 and 11
Characteristics associated with positions on the political spectrum
POSITION I:
* is willing to change the existing system with progressive reforms.
* respects the concept of law and attempts to change it through legal
means.
* remains optimistic about people's ability to solve their own problems.
* maintains faith in human reason and basic equality.
POSITION II: * supports policies that will return society to a previous time, condition or
value system.
* proposes retrogressive change to the status quo.
* advocates any means of restoring society to a former state ( either
violent or nonviolent ).
* reflects extreme dissatisfaction with existing institutions.
POSITION III:
* favours immediate and fundamental progressive change to the
existing system.
* indicates varying degrees of dissatisfaction with the status quo.
* argues that revolution ( violent or nonviolent ) is the only way to
effect change in society.
* challenges the basic values and institutions underlying society.
POSITION IV:
*supports the status quo and advocates very little change to existing
systems.
* places great emphasis on the importance of maintaining
traditional values and institutions.
* has an essentially cautious view of people's ability to reason and
solve problems.
* favours less control over the individual and opposes governmental
remedies to society's inequities.
10. Position I reflects the characteristics associated with a
A.
B.
C.
D.
conservative.
reactionary.
liberal.
radical.
11. If you were to arrange these positions on the political spectrum from the
extreme left to the extreme right, what would the correct order be?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Position II, Position IV, Position I, Position III.
Position III, Position I, Position IV, Position II.
Position I, Position II, Position IV, Position III.
Position IV, Position III, Position II, Position I.
USE THE CARTOON TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 12 and 13
12. The speaker in the cartoon is advising caution about
A.
B.
C.
D.
preserving the status quo.
reforming the political order.
maintaining existing traditions.
revising revolutionary ideologies.
13. The speaker in the cartoon can best be described as a
A.
B.
C.
D.
radical.
reactionary.
liberal.
conservative.
USE THE SOURCE TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 14
An individual holds the following political and economic views:
* Citizens should follow the will of the leader.
* Significant change is required to bring society back to its original
traditions and values.
* Economic activity must reflect state goals.
* Citizens must accept that natural inequality exists among races and
individuals.
14. To most Canadians, these views would be considered
A.
B.
C.
D.
liberal.
reactionary.
moderate.
conservative.
USE THE FOLLOWING SOURCES TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 15 to 17
Source I
A Political Spectrum
Liberals
Conservatives
Radicals
Moderates
Reactionaries
l
The Future ---------------------------------------l------------------------------------ The Past
Left Wing
l
Right Wing
The Radical is quite impatient and would strongly support a revolution to bring about rapid,
massive, progressive change.
The Liberal is ready to move forward and accept change but would be considered a
reformer rather than a revolutionary.
The Conservative is generally satisfied with things the way they are and would maintain the
status quo.
The Reactionary desires fundamental change but wants to return to the past and restore
the order of times remembered.
Source II
15. An individual's position on the political spectrum shown in Source I is
determined mainly by his or her
A. opinions about allowing special interest groups to influence government
decisions.
B. beliefs about the amount of government intervention needed in
economic affairs.
C. ideas regarding the role and power of individual citizens in a political
system.
D. attitudes toward, and acceptance of, fundamental change in society.
16. Individuals who hold the extreme positions on the political spectrum in Source
I share the belief that
A. substantial change is necessary for society to move in a desired
direction.
B. violent revolution is a viable option to bring about effective change in
society.
C. moderate change is needed to ensure that society continues as
directed by the government.
D. sudden change is necessary to make society more equitable for
individual citizens.
17. According to the definition of the term "the radical" and the placement of
radicals on the spectrum in Source I, the term "right-wing radicalism" in
Source II should be more accurately worded as
A.
B.
C.
D.
right-wing reaction.
left-wing socialism.
left-wing liberalism.
right- wing libertarian.
USE THE FOLLOWING SOURCES TO ANSWER QUESTION 18
18. The comment made by the speaker in the cartoon and the content of Source II
represent, respectively, moderate and extreme versions of
A.
B.
C.
D.
liberalism
radicalism
socialism
conservatism
USE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 19 to 21
The characteristics listed below are associated with different positions on the
political spectrum
Position I




Is willing to change the existing system through progressive reforms
Respects the concept of law and attempts to change it through legal means
Remains optimistic about people’s ability to solve their own problems
Maintains faith in human reason and basic equality
Position II




Supports policies that will return society to a previous time, condition, or value
system
Proposes retrogressive change to the status quo
Advocates any means (violent or non-violent) of restoring society to a former state
Reflects extreme dissatisfaction with existing institutions
Position III




Favours immediate and fundamental progressive change to the existing system
Indicates varying degrees of dissatisfaction with the status quo
Argues that revolution (violent or non-violent) is the only way to effect change in
society
Challenges the basic values and institutions underlying society
Position IV




Supports the status quo and advocates very little change to existing systems
Places great emphasis on the importance of maintaining ‘traditional’ values and
institutions
Has an essentially cautious view of people’s ability to reason and solve problems
Favours less control over individuals and opposes governmental remedies to society’s
inequities
19. The opposite ends of the political spectrum are represented by
A.
B.
C.
D.
positions I and II
positions II and III
positions I and IV
positions III and IV
20. On the political spectrum, Position III would be located
A.
B.
C.
D.
on the extreme left
somewhat left of center
somewhat right of center
on the extreme right
21. Position II reflects the characteristics usually associated with individuals
labeled as
A.
B.
C.
D.
liberal
radical
reactionary
conservative
__________________________________________
22. Extreme political right-wing reactionaries and left-wing radicals would agree
with which of the following aspects of societal change?
A. Change is needed to improve the lives of the economically disadvantaged
B. Political power and authority must eventually rest in the hands of all
citizens
C. Violence may be necessary if there are forces that resist proposed
changes
D. A new society must eliminate all traditional elements of the society it has
replaced
USE THE OPINIONS TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 23 to 25
SPEAKER 1
We must pursue a society that frees the competitive nature of its citizens,
encourages their initiative, and permits technical advances necessary to
economic growth.
SPEAKER 2
We must aim for the progress of all through an end to class conflict. By placing
production in a vast association of the whole nation the apparatus of the state
shall eventually disappear.
SPEAKER 3
We must follow our leader's national goals of military and economic strength
through conquest to achieve a strong, unified, and well organized society.
SPEAKER 4
We must, through consensus, reform our social environment to allow citizens to
develop their potentials and to reach equitable material comforts in a cooperative society.
23. The speaker who would most strongly encourage individualism over the
collective good is
A.
B.
C.
D.
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
1.
2.
3.
4.
24. Which issue are the speakers addressing?
A. Is it desirable for a nation to encourage economic growth or national
prestige?
B. Is it desirable for a nation to pursue goals of national self-determination or
prosperity.
C. Should the organization of society allow for individual freedom or state
control?
D. Should the organization of society allow for traditions to be preserved in
the face of pressures for change.
25. The diversity of the speakers' opinions best supports the generalization that
A. there are many different causes of historical events.
B. society can be advanced through state control of its citizens.
C. there are many different ways individuals interpret their political and
economic environments.
D. society can be hindered by strict government regulation of the marketplace.
______________________________________________
26. Which ideology, in theory, allows individuals the most freedom in buying and
selling private property?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Fascism.
Socialism.
Capitalism.
Communism.
USE THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC VIEWS TO ANSWER QUESTION 27



I believe government should be chosen by popular vote
I believe free university education should be available to everyone
I believe inequalities of income must be eliminated
27. The views expressed above are characteristic of a
A.
B.
C.
D.
communist
capitalist
fascist
liberal
28. In which of the following situations is the value of economic individualism most
clearly evident?
A. A worker receives government unemployment insurance benefits during a
layoff
B. A worker invests his savings by purchasing stock in a company listed on the
stock exchange.
C. A factory worker helps to determine the manner in which the factory's
profits will be used.
D. A collective farm worker is allowed a plot of land to grow vegetables to
supplement the family diet.
USE THE INFORMATION TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 29 and 30
An individual holds the following political and economic views:
**That the existing political and legal authority is exploitive and
tyrannical
**That all major industries should be owned by the government
**That the status quo is oppressive and bourgeois
**That "private property is theft".
29. To most Canadians, the above views would be considered
A.
B.
C.
D.
liberal.
radical.
reactionary.
conservative.
30. An individual holding the above views would be placed at what point on
the following political spectrum?
Left Wing
Right Wing
___*_____ _ __________*______|___________*___________*__
Point I
Point II
Point III
Point IV
A.
B.
C.
D.
Point I.
Point II.
Point III.
Point IV.
___________________________________
31. At which point would you most likely find a laissez-faire capitalist?
left wing
right wing
____ 
point I
A.
B.
C.
D.
point II
point III
point IV
Point I.
Point II.
Point III.
Point IV.
USE THE OPINION TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 32
Great wealth favours the status quo and supports the political party in
power that maintains it, no matter how unpopular that party may be.
Great wealth rarely exerts itself for reform, for it instinctively fears
change.
32. The speaker implies that the political views of those possessing "great wealth"
would most likely be
A.
B.
C.
D.
liberal.
radical.
anarchistic.
conservative.
USE THE INFORMATION BELOW TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 33
ISSUE:
Should governments emphasize the goals of the common
good in their economies?
POSITIONS:
W -- Yes, because all citizens must share equally in the distribution of
economic resources and wealth.
X. -- No, because individualism and freedom are lost when people come to
depend on the government for security.
Y. -- Yes, because governments have a humanitarian responsibility to
provide for those who cannot provide for themselves.
Z. -- No, because expanded social programs are too costly to maintain,
especially now, in times of recession and budgetary restraint.
33. Position W would be found at which point on the following political spectrum?
left wing


point I
A.
B.
C.
D.
right wing
Point I.
Point II.
Point III.
Point IV.

point II
point III

point IV
USE THE SOURCES TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 34 and 35
SOURCE I
A major ideological alternative --- if one wants to avoid extremism
--- is to be conservative. And that is not an honourable thing to be if
you know the record. Throughout history, and continuing to this very
day, practically every measure generally perceived as potentially
beneficial to people at large has been opposed by conservatives.
SOURCE II
Traditionally, conservative tenets recognize that people are
unequal in terms of ambition, ability, intelligence, and character; that
human reason is prone to error, of limited reach, and often governed
by emotion; and that liberty takes precedence over equality, so that
one cannot infringe upon the liberty of another in the name of equality.
Conservatives believe that government should be guided by the sure
footing of proven philosophies.
34. Based on the point of view expressed ion Source I, it is most likely that the
author would support
A.
B.
C.
D.
liberal ideas.
fascist ideas.
a capitalist ideology.
a right-wing ideology.
35. The speaker in source II would most likely be an advocate of which type of
government;
A. Democracy with universal suffrage
B. Fascist Dictatorship
C. Democracy with limited franchise
D. Communist Dictatorship
USE THE INFORMATION BELOW TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 36 and 37
ISSUE:
Should governments restrict individual liberties during times of
national crisis?
POSITIONS:
I. Yes, because the interests of the state take precedence over the
interests of the individual.
II. No, because the interests of the individual take precedence over the
interests of the state.
III. Yes, because the state can be relied on to restore individual liberties
once the crisis is over.
IV. No, because the state cannot be relied on the restore individual
liberties once the crisis is over.
36. Supporters of fascist and communist ideologies would agree with
A.
B.
C.
D.
Position I.
Position II.
Position III.
Position IV.
37. Which position would most likely be favoured by a classical liberal such as John
Locke?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Position I.
Position II.
Position III.
Position IV.
USE THE FOLLOWING SOURCES TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 38 to 40
SPEAKER I
True personal freedom and liberty can only be achieved when people's basic needs
for food and shelter have been met. For this to happen, a social system that
demonstrates the ownership of the state's productive forces is required.
Freedom is accomplished only when all economic forces are held in a common trust
by all citizens.
SPEAKER II
I believe in truly serving the common good of society. But I also believe that the
best way to do this is to leave individuals to their own devices. In their efforts
to achieve and succeed, they will unwittingly fuel the firs of prosperity for all
members of society.
SPEAKER III
Undoubtedly, the government must control the vital resources and essential
services of the state to ensure that they are utilized in the best interest of all.
There is no need, however, for the government to unjustly seize such businesses.
Those who have established and operated these elements of the economy must be
fairly reimbursed for them.
SPEAKER IV
The government must ensure the rights of private property and private ownership
of the state's productive forces. However, those who control these forces must
be benevolent and agree to contribute generously and willingly to services that
provide assistance for the less fortunate members of society. No one should live
in want.
38. On the spectrum below, the correct order of the speakers' opinions from left
to right is
LEFT WING
  





RIGHT WING



______________________________________________________________________________

A.
B.
C.
D.
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
III
I
II
IV
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
IV
III
I
I
Speaker I
Speaker IV
Speaker III
Speaker III
39. Which speaker would most likely support laissez-faire capitalism?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
I
II
III
IV
Speaker II
Speaker II
Speaker IV
Speaker II
40. A modern-day supporter of a communist approach to the economic organization
of society would tend to favour those views expressed by
A.
B.
C.
D.
Speakers I and
Speakers I and
Speakers I and
Speakers I and
III
IV
II
IV
___________________________________________
USE THE FOLLOWING SPECTRUM TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 41
41. According to the content and ordering of this spectrum, the ideology that
would be located in Position III is
A.
B.
C.
D.
collectivism
anarchism
capitalism
liberalism
USE THE FOLLOWING LIST TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 42 and 43
Various Political and Economic Beliefs
1. Economics should be planned and regulated by the state
2. The principles of the free market should be promoted
3. International economic agencies should regulate world trade
4. Government intervention in an economy should be kept to a minimum
5. Radical reform should be used to correct the abuses of capitalism
6. The right of individuals to own property should be protected
7. The rights of the collective should be preserved at all costs
42. The beliefs that are consistent with moderate right-wing ideologies are
A.
B.
C.
D.
beliefs 2, 4, and 6
beliefs 1, 3, and 5
beliefs 2, 6, and 7
beliefs 1, 4, and 5
43. The beliefs that are consistent with the ideas of communism are
A.
B.
C.
D.
beliefs 2, 3, and 6
beliefs 1, 5, and 7
beliefs 2, 4, and 7
beliefs 4, 5, and 6
______________________________________
44. Which statement is true about the ideas of the following philosophers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Locke believes in collectivism and Hobbes believes in individualism
Locke believes in individualism and Hobbes believes in collectivism
Both Locke and Hobbes believe in individualism
Both Locke and Hobbes believe in collectivism