1998 Virginia Open
Round # 1
1. Rulers with this name included the seventh, nicknamed "Euergetes Eusebes Soter Sidetes," the ninth, nicknamed
"Philopater, Cyzicenus," and the eighth, whose lengthy nickname translates as "god manifest, loving his mother,
gloriously victorious, hook-nosed." The last of them was the thirteenth, who was killed by the prince of Emesa in 67
B.C., while the first came to power after his father's murder in 280 and was on the losing side in the Damascene and
First Syrian Wars. FTP, give the common name of these Seleucid rulers, under the fourth of whom, nicknamed
"Epiphanes," the Jewish insurrection of the Maccabees took place.
Answer: Antiochus
2. In 1234, he went to Paris, where he became the pupil of Pierre de Maricourt, the author of an early book on
magnetism whom he referred to as the master of experience. A Franciscan monk, he was imprisoned for 14 years
after quarreling with his superiors in 1277. FTP, identify this native of Ilchester, who dabbled in alchemy, was
nicknamed the Doctor Mirabilis, and helped found the scientific method.
Answer: Roger Bacon
3. The title event occurred on February 4, 1882, as three of the title character's colleagues discover on the opening
page. The title character is the second son of a minor official, who joined the Court of Justice, married Praskovya
Fedorovna Mikhel, and slipped off a step-ladder while showing his upholsterer how he wanted the curtains to hang,
an accident which would prove to be fatal. FTP, identify this short novel, first published in 1886, which ends with the
title character's declaration that "Death is finished," and which was written by Leo Tolstoy.
Answer: The Death of Ivan Ilyich
4. Tests for them include Tollen's reagent, because they reduce silver ions to metallic silver, and Fehling's test.
Once known as bisulphite addition compounds, they react with hydrogen cyanide to form cyanohydrins and yield
oximes, hydrazones, and carbazones by condensation. FTP, identify this class of organic compounds, which are
formed by oxidation of primary alcohols and which contain a carbonyl group with a hydrogen atom bound to the
carbon atom, such as methanal, HCOH.
Answer: aldehydes
5. One myth states that he founded the city of Clusium, while another claims that was the father of Perseptolis.
Other traditions have him marrying Polycaste, the daughter of Nestor, and fathering Homer with her, or possibly
becoming the father of Latinus after marrying a sorceress who had spent a year with his father on the island of Aeaea
(ey-ee-uh). FTP, name this legenedary figure, who went to Pylus and Sparta with Athena, although she was
disguised as Mentor, before returning to Ithaca to help his father, Odysseus, return to power.
Answer: Telemachus
6. In 1620, Sir William Vaughn sold him the southeastern peninsula of Newfoundland, for which he secured a
charter for a colony he called Avalon. When he visited in 1627, however, he decided that the climate was so bad
that he would abandon the colony, and petitioned instead for a grant in Virginia, which was finally granted five years
later. FTP, name this lord, whose death prior to 1632 led to Cecilius becoming proprietor of a colony whose charter
did not forbid the establishment of non-Protestant churches, which allowed him to encourage Catholic settlement of
Maryland.
Answer: George Calvert, Lord Baltimore
7. It is divided into seven stages, based on the remains of invertebrate fossils such as crinoids, ammonoids, and
brachiopods. Named in 1839 by Murchison and Sedgwick, graptolites went extinct in this period, which also saw the
decline of trilobites and the formation of large continental deposits of red silt and sandstone. FTP, identify this
geological period of the Paleozoic era, which began about 395 million years ago and which came between the
Silurian and Carboniferous periods.
Answer: the Devonian period
8. His Statements After an Arrest under the Immorality Act is concerned with miscegenation. Many critics consider
1969s Boesman and Lena to be his most powerful work. His early plays include No-Good Friday, People are Living
There, and The Blood Knot. FTP, identify this playwright of The Road to Mecca, Master Harold and the Boys, and
Sizwe Bansi is Dead, considered the foremost contemporary dramatist from South Africa.
Answer: Athol Fugard
9. The first movement is a marchlike Allegro, the second is a lyrical Romanza, the third is a Minuet, and the fourth is
a Rondo. Because most of the composers serenades are in five movements, it is believed that this work originally
had another Minuet which is now lost. FTP, identify this composition of 1787, Kochel (ker-kull) number 525, written
in the same year as Don Giovanni by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Answer: Eine Kleine Nachtmusik or A Little Night Music
10. After this war's battle of Coutras, the League of Sixteen was formed to provoke the king's overthrow. After the
"day of the barricades," the king fled to Blois, from which he caused Cardinal Louis and one of his two chief
opponents to be killed, leading the Duke of Mayenne to lead a revolt. FTP, identify this conflict, which ended with
the murder of the king by the mad monk Jacques Clément in 1589, the eighth religious war in France which is named
for its three principal combatants, all of whom shared the same first name.
Answer: the War of the Three Henrys
11. In 1755, he became minister at Needham Market, where he became known for The Scripture Doctrine of
Remission. In 1774, he accompanied Lord Shelburne to the continent as a literary companion, at which time he
published Letters to a Philosophical Unbeliever, but when he returned to England his Disquisition Relating to Matter
and Spirit and History of Early Opinions Concerning Jesus Christ led him to be called an atheist. FTP, name this
man, who came to America in 1794 after his reply to Burke's Reflections on the French Revolution led a Birmingham
mob to destroy his house, best known for such scientific achievements as the discovery of gases like nitrous oxide,
carbon monoxide, and oxygen.
Answer: Joseph Priestley
12. It was accepted by a conference held at the Hague in August, two months after it was proposed on June 7. It
created a new bank of international settlements in Basel which would have responsibility for transfer of funds, and
called for payments to increase for the first 36 years and finally end in 1988. FTP, identify this plan of 1929, which
called for unconditional payments secured by a mortgage on the state railroads of Germany, which superseded the
reparations agreed upon in the Dawes Plan.
Answer: the Young Plan
13. In 1945, he began teaching at Columbia, where he directed a section of the Bureau of Applied Social Research
and wrote The New Men of Power and White Collar. His Character and Social Structure synthesized the Frankfurt
School and social psychology, while he turned on Lazarsfeld and Parsons in late works like The Sociological
Imagination. FTP, name this sociologist, who argued in his best-known book that the postwar United States were
ruled by a hidden oligarchy which actually ruled the country, 1956's The Power Elite.
Answer: Charles Wright Mills
14. Of this book's main characters, we are told that Mr. Carmichael brought out a book of poems after the war, Prue
died of an illness connected with childbirth, and Andrew was blown up by a shell in France. All of these revelations
come in the second section, entitled "Time Passes," which follows the lengthy opening section, "The Window," in
which Paul and Minta become engaged. FTP, identify this tripartite novel, published in 1927, which centers on the
Ramsay family and which was written by Virginia Woolf.
Answer: To the Lighthouse
15. After going to Paris at the age of 25, he studied under Corot, whose influence can be seen on his early works.
The only painter to exhibit works in all eight impressionist shows, he did not gain fame until he was in his 60s,
although he was the teacher of Cassatt, Cezanne, and Gauguin. FTP, identify this painter, whose most famous work
depicts the Boulevard Montmartre by night, who was born in the Virgin Islands, and whose name sounds like he was
the conquistador who overthrew the Incas.
Answer: Camille Pissarro
16. The northernmost section, or the Obdorsk, begins at Kara Bay and includes Khard-yues and Pae-yer. The
middle section begins with the Denezhkin Kamen in the north and ends with the Tara-tash in the south, after which it
becomes three parallel chains. FTP, identify this mountain range, which is known as the Obshchiy Syrt near the
Volga river, and which runs north-south from the Arctic Ocean to the Caspian Sea, separating Europe >from Asia.
Answer: the Ural mountains
17. He invented a stereoscope, patented the concertina, and did work on the theory of resonance of columns of air.
Along with Cooke, he worked on an electric telegraph project, an interest which led to his inventions of the printing
and single-needle telegraphs. FTP, name this professor of experimental physics at King's College, London, whose
name is attached to a device, which was actually invented by Christie, that uses Ohm's law to compare resistance,
now known as his bridge.
Answer: Charles Wheatstone
18. In 1962, it was halted due to fog with 9 minutes and 29 seconds left, and was finished the next day. For three
straight years, beginning in 1954, Pop Ivy's teams beat Doug Walker's, while squads coached by Jim Trimble and
Bud Grant squared off in the next three. FTP, identify this annual event, which began as an open competition in
1909, but was later narrowed down to teams like the Tiger-Cats, Lions, Blue Bombers, Eskimos, and Argonauts, as
the championship of the Canadian Football League.
Answer: the Grey Cup
19. After the fall of Savonarola, he was named secretary to the Council of Ten and head of the Second Chancery.
After the Holy League attacked his city, he was arrested for conspiracy against the new government and tortured,
forcing him to withdraw from public life. FTP, identify this Italian statesman, who turned instead to writing, producing
such works as Mandragola, the Discourses on Livy, and a little book which was first published in 1532 and was
dedicated to the Medicis who ruled Florence, The Prince.
Answer: Niccolo Machiavelli
20. Under his rule, the Rio Branco law, which stated that the children of slaves should be free, was followed by the
freeing of slaves from Ceara province and, in 1888, complete emancipation without compensation. Along with the
unpopularity of Gaston d'Orléans, the husband of his daughter Isabella, this liberalization led to an army revolt under
General Manoel Deodoro da Fonseca, who deposed him in 1889 and proclaimed a republic. FTP, identify this ruler,
whose father abdicated in his favor when he was just five years old, who ruled for 49 years as king of Brazil.
Answer: Pedro II
21. Whether or not Laurens Janszoon actually preceded him to his most famous invention, it seems likely that he
was not actually the first one to do it. His works include the Fragment of the Last Judgment, an edition of Aelius
Donatus, and the 42 line bible for which he is best known today. FTP, identify this German, whose work was
financed by Johannes Fust until 1455, who is regarded in the West as the inventor of printing.
Answer: Johannes Gutenberg
1. Although many poets win the Pulitzer Prize for their collected, complete, or selected poems, they occassionally
win for books with more memorable titles. For the stated number of points, identify the authors of the following
Pulitzer Prize winners.
1. 5 points: John Brown's Body
Answer: Stephen Vincent Benét
2. 10 points: Turtle Island
Answer: Gary Snyder
3. 15 points: The Hard Hours
Answer: Anthony Hecht
2. Identify these African kingdoms FTP each.
1. This empire, with its capital at Kumbi, went into decline after being ransacked by the Almoravids in 1076.
Answer: the Kingdom of Ghana
2. This successor of the kingdom of Ghana reached its apex under Sun Diata, who defeated Soso, and Gongo
Musa, who conquered most of West Africa in the early fourteenth century.
Answer: the Mandingo Empire
3. This empire was subjugated by the Mandingo Empire in 1325, but recovered, recapturing Timbuktu in 1468 and
overwhelming the Mandingo under Askia Mohammed.
Answer: the Songhai Empire
3. Identify the following scientists from achievements which occurred in the 1810's FTP each.
1. In 1811, this co-discoverer of the law of constant atomic heat lost an eye and two fingers in the course of
discovering nitrogen trichloride.
Answer: Pierre Dulong
2. In 1815, this Frenchman showed that some liquids will rotate plane polarized light, and the law named for him
states that the amount of rotation of the plane of polarization of light passing through an opticaly active medium is
proportional to the path length.
Answer: Jean Biot
3. This British anatomist, after whom a palsy caused by lesions of the seventh cranial nerve is named, argued that
different areas of the brain have different functions in 1811's New Idea of the Anatomy of the Brain.
Answer: Charles Bell
4. Identify these Italian composers FTP each.
1. This composer of 20 symphonies is best known for his Christmas Cantata, composed in 1802, and his Cello
Concerto in B Flat.
Answer: Luigi Boccherini
2. His serious piano music was championed by Vladimir Horowitz, but piano students know him best for his
sonatinas and exercises, including Gradus ad Parnassum.
Answer: Muzio Clementi
3. He died at the age of 26 in 1736, but is remembered for his Stabat Mater, as well as some comic operas.
Answer: Giovanni Pergolesi
5. Identify these American novelists from works on a 10-5 basis.
1. 10 points: Music for Chameleons
5 points: In Cold Blood
Answer: Truman Capote
2. 10 points: Loon Lake
5 points: Ragtime
Answer: E. L. Doctorow
3. 10 points: The Morning Watch
5 points: A Death in the Family
Answer: James Agee
6. Answer these questions about the geography of an American state FTP each.
1. This lake is fed by the Bear river to the north and the Weber river to the northeast.
Answer: the Great Salt Lake
2. This river carries the overflow from Utah Lake to the Great Salt Lake.
Answer: the Jordan river
3. The entire Great Basin region was once covered by this body of water, which was about 20,000 square miles in
area.
Answer: Lake Bonneville
7. Identify the following early Baptists FTP each.
1. This author of The Character of the Beast taught that baptism should only be administered to believers, but lost
many followers after he tried to unite his church with the Mennonites.
Answer: John Smyth
2. Thomas Helwys led the breakaway from John Smyth, founding a church in London which would base its
teachings on the "general atonement" views of this Dutch thinker.
Answer: Jacobus Arminius
3. The best-remembered Baptist minister from seventeenth-century England is probably this author, who wrote
Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners while in jail for his religious views.
Answer: John Bunyan
8. Identify these types of transistor FTP each.
1. Invented in 1948, this type of transistor was made up of a small germanium crystal attached to two rectifiers and
a nonrectifying base.
Answer: the point-contact transistor
2. They come in junction or insulated-gate varieties, in both of which the current flows from the source to the drain
via a channel between two electrodes.
Answer: field-effect transistors
3. This class of transistors includes the junction transistor. They depend on the flow of majority and minority
carriers.
Answer: bipolar transistors
9. Answer these questions about the Russian Civil War, for the stated number of points.
1. 5 points: The Bolsheviks struggled in the early phases of the war until this man became commissar for war and
used conscription to bolster the Red Army.
Answer: Leon Trotsky
2. 10 points: After the coup at Omsk, this admiral was declared supreme ruler of Russia, but he was captured by the
Bolsheviks and killed less than three months later.
Answer: Alexander Kolchak
3. 15 points: This Siberian buffer state was founded in 1922 to avoid direct conflict with the Japanese, but after they
evacuated Vladivostok it was annexed by the Soviet Union.
Answer: the Far Eastern Republic
10. Identify the directors of these films from the 1970's, for the stated number of points.
1. 5 points: Alien
Answer: Ridley Scott
2. 10 points: American Graffiti
Answer: George Lucas
3. 15 points: Rocky
Answer: John G. Avildsen
11. Identify these figures from the history of Confucianism, for the stated number of points.
1. 5 points: Known as the second sage, this fourth-century B.C. thinker taught that people are basically good.
Answer: Mencius
2. 10 points: This emperor made Confucianism the state religion in 136 B.C.
Answer: Wu Ti
3. 15 points: This thinker of the Sung dynasty, who died around 1200, is considered the foremost member of the
neo-Confucian revival. His commentaries on the Wu Ching would become the official interpretation used for
government exams.
Answer: Chu Hsi
12. Identify the following techniques for dating, for the stated number of points.
1. 5 points: This dating technique, developed by Willard Libby, reiles on the transformation of atmospheric nitrogen
nuclei due to neutron bombardment from cosmic radiation.
Answer: carbon dating or radiocarbon dating or carbon-14 dating
2. 10 points: This absolute dating technique uses the fact that trees in the same area share a pattern of growth
rings.
Answer: dendrochronology
3. 15 points: This method, which is used for mica, feldspar, and other minerals, depends on a radioisotope whose
decay half-life is about 10 to the tenth years.
Answer: potassium-argon dating
13. Answer these questions about Pope Gregory VII, for the stated number of points.
1. 5 points: Gregory really irritated this Holy Roman Emperor, who came to Canossa after Gregory excommunicated
him.
Answer: Henry IV
2. 10 points: After Henry invaded Rome and had himself crowned by an anti-pope, this Norman ally of Gregory
attacked the city and drove Henry off.
Answer: Robert Guiscard
3. 15 points: After Gregory's death in 1085, the papacy was vacant for a year before this unwilling pope was elected.
Answer: Victor III
14. Identify these American artists, for the stated number of points.
1. 5 points: This painter of Dawn in Pensylvania is best known for a 1942 painting of a lonely café.
Answer: Edward Hopper
2. 10 points: This American painter, who shares his name with a noted sociologist, is best known for 1915's Chinese
Restaurant.
Answer: Max Weber
3. 15 points: This sculptor's best-known works include 1982's Dawn Shadows and 1960's Wedding Chapel IV.
Answer: Louise Nevelson
15. Answer these questions about a writer for the stated number of points.
1. 15 points: He first gained notice with the Symbolist poems collected in Hot House Flowers, but some of his most
popular writings were the philosophical works The Life of the Bee and The Intelligence of Flowers.
Answer: Maurice de Maeterlinck
2. 5 points: Maeterlincks best known work may be this 1892 play, but only because it was turned into an opera by
Debussy.
Answer: Pelléas and Mélisande
3. 10 points: In his own time, Maeterlincks most popular work was this 1908 childrens play concerning Tyltyl and
Mytyl, who are sent out by the fairy Bérylune to find the title animal.
Answer: The Blue Bird
16. Identify the following explorers of the North Pole, for the stated number of points.
1. 5 points: In 1926, he flew from King Bay with Floyd Bennett and reached the Pole on May 9.
Answer: Richard Byrd
2. 10 points: A year before Byrd's flight, this man, along with Lincoln Ellsworth, had attempted to fly from King Bay.
He was lost three years later in the Barents Sea.
Answer: Roald Amundsen
3. 15 points: Taking a route from Cape Sabine discovered by Sverdrup, he claimed to have reached the pole on
April 20, 1908, but this is regarded as unlikely by most experts.
Answer: F. A. Cook
17. Answer the following questions about an anthropologist FTP each.
1. He taught at the University of Sao Paolo before World War II, during which he lived in New York, and in 1948 he
returned to Paris, where he held the chair of social anthropology at the Collège de France.
Answer: Claude Lévi-Strauss
2. First published in 1949, this book examines the incest prohibition, marriage exchange, and the dichotomy
between culture and nature, and was later elaborated in the author's Structural Anthropology.
Answer: The Elementary Structures of Kinship or Les Structures élémentaires de la parenté
3. This 1955 work is considered Lévi-Strauss's most personal, which is unsurprising, since it is his autobiography.
Answer: Tristes tropiques
18. Name these trail-blazing mathematicians FTP each.
1. In the 1590's, this Frenchman, who coined the terms "negative" and "coefficient," introduced algebraic notation,
using consonants for established quantities and vowels for unknowns.
Answer: François Viète
2. This Englishman followed up on Napier's work, introducing the common or base 10 logarithm in 1624's
Logarithmical Arithmetic. He also developed the modern method of long division.
Answer: Henry Briggs
3. He calculated that pi was 377 over 120, as he relates in the Almagest.
Answer: Ptolemy
19. Answer these questions about a poet FTP each.
1. He produced one of the earliest commentaries on the Divine Comedy, and had a professorship devoted to
expounding the works of Dante. His lesser known works include a treatise on the genealogy of the gods and a
number of philosophical essays in Latin.
Answer: Giovanni Boccaccio
2. This poem of Boccaccios, written in ottava rima, tells the story of Troilus and Cressida.
Answer: Il Filostrato
3. Like Il Filostrato, this poem greatly influenced Chaucer, who adapted its tale of Palamon and Arcite in The
Knights Tale.
Answer: the Teseide
20. Answer these questions about an English courtier, for the stated number of points.
1. 10 points: After serving as privy councillor and earl marshal, he was made lord-lieutenant of Ireland in 1599, but
his period in office there was a failure and he was imprisoned and executed two years later.
Answer: Robert Devereux or Robert, Second Earl of Essex
2. 5 points: What English monarch did Robert Devereux serve?
Answer: Queen Elizabeth I
3. 15 points: In 1590, Devereux married the widow of this poet.
Answer: Sir Philip Sidney