Carnes & Garraty: Chapter 2 – Guided Reading Notes
1. How would you describe the types of settlements the Spanish established in North
America and what was their purpose?
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a. How were Native Americans treated? _____________________________
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b. How did the Native Americans react? _____________________________
2. Who was Pope (Pueblo holy man, not the guy in Rome with the pointy hat)?
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3. What did the English settlers in the Carolinas do with Native Americans
converted to Christianity by Southeastern Spanish settlements? _______________
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4. Even into the 1700s, death rates in the Chesapeake region were high because
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a. People in this region tended to die at around what age? ______________
b. What effect did early mortality have on children as it was common for one
or both parents to die during childhood years? ______________________
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5. Men outnumbered women ______________ making women very popular.
6. What was the headright system? _______________________________________
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a. Why was it established? ________________________________________
b. What was a quitrent - _________________________
7. What was indentured servitude? _______________________________________
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a. How long were contracts? ____________________
b. What restrictions were placed on women indentured servants? _________
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c. How were indentured servants treated? ________________________
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d. What happened when the contract expired?
i. What were they given?___________________________________
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ii. Did they have success? __________________________________
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iii. What were squatters? ____________________________________
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8. When did the first African come to English North America ____________
9. When do colonies clearly begin to establish slave laws ____________
10. Why was indentured servitude the preferred method of obtaining labor in the early
to mid 1600s? _____________________________________________________
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11. When does this begin to change __________ Why?
a. ___________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________________
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d. ____________________________________________________________
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12. In 1670 – there are about __________ slaves in Virginia (pg 53), but in 1700,
there are about ______________ slaves in the colonies.
13. Why did tobacco become such a cash cow for the American colonists?
a. ____________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________
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14. By the late 1600s, America produced ________________ pounds of tobacco.
Why is this significant?
a. Positive -___________________________________________________
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b. Negative - ___________________________________________________
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15. What did the Chesapeake colonies look like (where did people live)?
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16. Why did planters need a lot of land to be successful? ______________________
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17. In Jamestown, how did people in the heart of the colony view the western settlers
of the colony? ______________________ (This was true in many of the colonies)
18. Who was the governor of the Jamestown colony? ________________________
19. What was Bacon’s Rebellion? _________________________________________
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20. What cash crop became a money maker for the tidewater colonies of South
Carolina and Georgia around 1700? _________ In 1740, what crop was
introduced to this region that provided blue dye for clothes making? ___________
21. How did colonies begin to legislate for slaves (see South Carolina Negro Act of
1740)? ___________________________________________________________
22. How did field hands passively protest their predicaments? __________________
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23. Why do Carnes and Garraty say that the institution of slavery was not necessarily
viewed as a good thing, but as a fact of life?
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24. What early people opposed slavery, but not necessarily black inferiority? _______
25. How did life in the South effect education for children? _____________________
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26. How important was religion in the South? _______________________________
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27. ______________ was granted a charter in 1733 and populated by convicts,
generally debtors, who were given a chance for freedom.
28. Who was the first leader of Georgia? _____________________
29. What were some of the rules implemented in early Georgia?
a. _______________________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________________
c. _______________________________________________________
30. Who were the Regulators? _____________________________________
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31. Was a person more likely to survive in New England or the Chesapeake? Why?
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32. How would you describe the life of a Puritan woman or child? _______________
33. In order to gain voting rights and other “perks” in the New England colonies, one
had to be a “visible saint” or a member of the church. By the third generation (in
the 1650s) entrance was difficult. People begin to get turned off of becoming full
church members. What problems did this cause?
a. _______________________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________________
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c. _______________________________________________________
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34. Why did the church believe it in their best interest that they acquire more people
to become members? ______________________________________________
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35. Starting in 1657, the church allowed baptism of nonmembers, but the main way
they acquired new members was called the ______________________
a. Describe how this worked: ______________________________________
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36. Was New England democratic in your estimation? _____________________
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37. Those elected to office in New England tended to be from what social class
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38. What was the Dominion of New England? _______________________________
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a. Who was the governor? ____________________________
b. The purpose of increased control over the colonies was to…
i. ______________________________________________________
ii. ______________________________________________________
iii. ______________________________________________________
39. This Dominion of New England lasted only a few years. It was eliminated
because…. ________________________________________________________
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40. The Dominion fell and Massachusetts was made a royal colony that included
Maine and Plymouth. At this point voting rights were relaxed allowing
_____________________ to vote
41. What was the social climate of the town of Salem like prior to 1692?
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42. The accusations started with three women in Salem, but spread throughout New
England trying over 150 people, with 20 eventually being executed. Who both
halted these proceedings and took the blame for this mistake? ________________
43. What person was integral in stopping the killings by saying “it were better that ten
witches should escape, than one innocent person should be condemned”
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44. How would you describe the appearance, mannerisms, social status of most of
those accused? _____________________________________________________
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45. What university was founded by the General Court in 1636? _______________
46. New England took education very seriously. The General Court legislated that
each community create a grammar school. This was called the Old Deluder Act.
Why were they not very democratic? __________________________
47. Why was education so important to the Puritans? __________________________
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48. Clearly the Southern economy was driven by agricultural products. Why did New
Englanders have a rich agriculture industry?
a. ___________________________________________________________
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b. ___________________________________________________________
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49. How did the early Puritans view businessmen? __________________________
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a. What happened to Robert Keayne because he profited from sales? ______
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50. The economy of New England would eventually be sustained by (see diagram pg.
73) _______________________________________
51. How were the middle colonies a hybrid of both New England and the Chesapeake
colonies?
a. Agriculture - ________________________________________________
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b. Town development - __________________________________________
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52. The middle colonies, developed later than NE & the South, had a mix of ethnic
groups. Why were the English no longer immigrating to America in large
numbers?
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53. Who was John Peter Zenger and why is he significant? _____________________
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54. Who were the Paxton Boys and why are they significant? ___________________
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