“EXPERT SYSTEM” DESIGN
PROJETOS NA ÀREA:
Development of an Expert System as a Design Tool
www.catd.iastate.edu/public/Coop_Projects/ development_of_an_expert_system_.htm
Company Size: 6,000 employees
Project Costs: $37,300
Timeline: March, 1997 – August, 1998
Project Description:
The purpose of this project was to pursue the development of a knowledge-based
expert system that would enhance the overall design process typically undertaken by
the company’s engineers. An expert system would compliment the design process
by providing a tool that would allow designers access to relevant historical data and
to introduce reason-based filtering of the database.
Researchers within the Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics
Department concentrated on a specific area of work within the company. Using this
area as a case study, a prototype computer software program was developed. The
prototype system can be used, tested, and modified. This expert system was
designed to be expandable into new areas of research and development with the
advantage of saving time, preserving knowledge, and guiding design projects
Event Monitoring Enabling Responses to Anomalous Live Disturbances
SRI – INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM DESIGN LABORATORY
10/23/2001
http://www.sdl.sri.com/programs/intrusion/
EMERALD Overview
The EMERALD (Event Monitoring Enabling Responses to Anomalous Live Disturbances)
environment is a distributed scalable tool suite for tracking malicious activity through and across
large networks. EMERALD introduces a highly distributed, building-block approach to network
surveillance, attack isolation, and automated response. It combines models from research in
distributed high-volume event correlation methodologies with over a decade of intrusion
detection research and engineering experience. The approach is novel in its use of highly
distributed, independently tunable, surveillance and response monitors that are deployable
polymorphically at various abstract layers in a large network. These monitors contribute to a
streamlined event-analysis system that combines signature analysis with probabilistic inference to
provide localized realtime protection of the most widely used network services on the Internet.
The EMERALD project represents a comprehensive attempt to develop an architecture that
inherits well-developed analytical techniques for detecting intrusions, and casts them in a
framework that is highly reusable, interoperable, and scalable in large network infrastructures.
EMERALD presently includes several eXpert components that use PBEST rule based
inference. These analyze network and host based data and comprise the most complete
knowledge base in the field. EMERALD also includes eBayes components that use Bayesian
inference.
SPEED®
Sizing and Preliminary Design of Electric
Motors.
http://www.cedrat.com/software/speed/speed.htm
SPEED software is backed by over decade of experience
within the Speed Laboratory of the University of Glasgow.
SPEED software is PC based CAE software for the
design and performance calculation of electric motors
including parameters of power electronic drives used with these motors. Motor design
with SPEED software is interactive and fast, as SPEED is based on traditional and
validated analytical theories.
Its main use is :

Sizing and preliminary design

Studying the performance and quickly assessing the effects of parameters change.
PC-IMD
PC-BDC
PC-SRD
PC-DCM
AC induction motor
Polyphase and
Split-phase
Brushless PM
motor
Switched reluctance
motor
DC commutator
motor
An expert system eases rotor design
The KBE system can be used to design turbine-engine rotor disks
The first objective was to create one model of the system, then allow different
engineering specialties to view that model through their own analytical filters, keeping all
specialties updated as the design evolves. Component interactions can frequently lead
to mismatched components, so the KBE system gives as much importance to system
integration as to component design. The system requires certain components to be
sized ahead of others, rather than all proceeding individually, to avoid downstream
surprises and risk to the program. A KBE system pays for itself if one major redesign
can be avoided.
The above was adapted from an article by John Marra, a project engineer at Pratt & Whitney’ s
Design System Technology Group in West Palm Beach, Fla. The full text may be found in the April 1997
issue of Mechanical Engineering magazine. © 1997 ASME
Bus-Expert-System
INSTITUTE OF MECHATRONICS: AT THE CHEMNITZ UNIVERSITY OF ECHNOLOGY
http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/ifm/english/projekte/ep_bus.htm
Project Title: Bus-Expert-System for Dynamic Simulation, Design and Quality Control
Supported by: EU Programme COPERNICUS
Working Period: 04/95 - 06/98
Summary of the Project
The aim of the research was the development of a powerful simulation tool
especially for producers of busses, their suppliers and research institutes
connected with them. A computerprogram-system for dynamics simulation
and computations developed by using the newest methods of the applied
mathematics and mechanics is capable of an effective designing and
construction of busses, of the evaluation of materials, of the investigation of
dynamic behaviour, of the quality control and the improvement of reliability of
busses. Extensive experimental investigations, measurements and checks
demonstrate the quality of the software and extend the applicability of the
system.
The enterprises SKODA Ostrov (Czech Republic), IKARUS (Hungary) and
ROCAR (Romania) are integrated in the joint research as first users. It is
intended a further distribution of the system in other European countries.
The most important tasks and results of the joint research are :

Development of a powerful bus-modell with wheels, tires, axis, engine,
steering system, passenger cab, pantograph (trolleybus) and
passengers;

computersimulations using this model for all essential driving
situations and conditions including overturning of bus and crashtest;

extensive experimental investigations on testbeds and while driving of
the bus for validation and optimization;

computations and experimental investigations of stresses, properties
of materials (fatigue) and fatigue life estimation;

development of a software-system having an own graphical interface.
Improved Well Performance
Research Program
Sandstone Acidizing Design Integrated and Evaluation
September 8, 1997
http://www.pe.utexas.edu/CPGE/IWP/acid2.html
OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
In recent years, we have developed a two-acid, three-mineral sandstone acidizing
simulation model which predicts bottomhole pressure and skin factor change as a function
of injected acid volume. We have also developed a preliminary expert system model which
provides recommendations for acid type and volume, additives, preflush, and postflush for
sandstone acidizing design. The current simulation model constrains the injection by either
fixed bottomhole pressure or fixed total injection rate but does not consider the limitation of
tubing flow on acid injection. We propose in this project to add a wellbore model to the
simulation model, to upgrade the expert system model, and then to integrate the expert
system model and the simulation models into a practical package to optimize sandstone
acidizing design. The design model then will be attached to a real- time monitoring model
for acidizing treatments. Both the predicted skin factor from the model and the estimated
skin factor from the measured pressure and injection rate will be plotted simultaneously
during the treatment to allow the operator to evaluate and supervise the treatment closely.
The final product of the project will be a PC-based Windows program. It will feature
Windows graphics and a summarized report document and will be easily usable in the
field.
Transonic Airfoil Design with Expert Systems
Robert Zores
http://www.sm.go.dlr.de/~bob/Docu-extern/AIAA/AIAA95.html#HDR0
Abstract
The combination of new technologies with classical methods for designing transonic
airfoils is described in this paper. While designing supercritical airfoils the skilled
aerodynamicist is usually completely aware of the laws and criteria that guide the
designing process. An expert system can help inexperienced engineers reduce the time of
learning and exploring new generated airfoils. It speeds up the process of generating,
calculating and analyzing the airfoil. Proven programs, such as inverse CFD solvers,
beside new technologies from computer science, can be used to build new tools for
aerodynamic design on workstations. A selection of improved workstation tools to design
transonic airfoils is described.
The capability of the expert system is shown by two examples. The first example raises a
more academic question on airfoils which can be concave on their upper side. The second
example shows how an expert system can be used to support wind tunnel tests.
October 29-31, 1996, Seoul, Korea.
DESIGN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR AUTO-ROUTING OF SHIP PIPES
ABSTRACT
http://icad.kaist.ac.kr/~msh/ARS/cad-ars.htm
Finding the optimum route of ship pipes is a complicated and time-consuming
process. Experience of designers is the main tool in this process. To reduce design manhours and human errors a design expert system shell and a geometric modeling kernel is
integrated to automate the design process. A framework of the intelligent CAD system for
pipe auto-routing is suggested. The CADDS 5 of Computervision is used as the overall
CAD environment, the Nexpert Object of Neuron Data is used as the expert system shell,
and the CADDS 5 ISSM is used to build user interface through which geometric models of
pipes are created and modified. Existing algorithms for routing problems have been
analyzed. Most of them are to solve 2-D circuit routing problems. Design of ship piping
system, especially within the engine room, is a complicated, large scale 3-D routing
problem. Methods of expert systems have been implemented to find routes of ship pipes
on the main deck of a bulk carrier.
Key Words : Pipe auto-routing , Expert system , Geometric modeling , Intelligent CAD,
Ship design
ActivEX Expert System for Design and
Optimization of Active Material Based Devices:
Dielectric Elastomers and Shape Memory Alloys
http://www.esit.com/defense/activex.html
The latest implementation of ActivEX Expert System is aimed at the broad market of
biomedical devices that are designed using last Smart Electroactive Materials (e.g., shape
memory alloys and electroactive polymers). The ActivEX package has been originally conceived
to synthesize and evaluate design alternatives for ESI's ongoing R&D project dedicated
primarily to the development of a new-generation ElectroStrictive Anti-G Suit based on Smart
Active Materials.
A broad variety of biomedical, industrial, and consumer devices (including such up-and-coming
gimmicks as electroactive fabric, and self-fitting clothes and bras) can be designed based on
Smart Materials using ActivEX. Some examples that are commercialized by a number of lead
players on the US field of medical devices include electroactive stents for supporting a blood
vessel, vasooclusion coils, variable stiffness guidewires, steerable catheters.
ActivEX effectively includes a Computerized Handbook of Standard Application Modules (SAM),
such as human body parts with their associated ActivEX-based models reflecting important
design properties (e.g., a body part compliance) and Smart Active Material based Standard
Automation Modules (SAM2) together with ActivEX-based design rules and LabVIEW-generated
experimental data. GUI and working environment of ActivEX has been developed in C++ within
AutoCAD Mechanical Desktop.
The Automated Test Planning System: An Expert System Tool for
T&E Oversight
http://www.stsc.hill.af.mil/crosstalk/1994/nov/automate.asp
M. Scott Roth, Science Applications International Corporation
(Editor's Note: This article is a reprint from an article published in the
September-October 1994 issue of the Program Manager, a publication of the
Defense Systems Management College (DSMC). The article appears with
the permission of DSMC and the author.)
Abstract
The Automated Test Planning System (ATPS) is a set of expert system-based tools
designed to aid the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and
Technology/Director of Test and Evaluation (OUSD(A&T)/DT&E) staff and DoD Service
component staffs in the test and evaluation oversight process. The TEMP Review Module
of the ATPS provides an intelligent system to aid in the review of Test and Evaluation
Master Plans (TEMPs). The Test and Evaluation Program Risk Assessment Module aids
in the harmonization of key acquisition documents and highlights risk indicators of a T&E
program. The TEMP Build Module, currently under development, will assist in the
construction of a TEMP by providing structure to the development process and by
providing on-line guidance to the user. The ATPS combines highly effective technologies
(such as expert systems, hypertext, and databases) into a seamless environment and
presents these capabilities in a user-friendly manner. The ATPS currently operates in the
Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh environments.
http://www.ee.ed.ac.uk/ESG/power-electronics.html
Expert System Design of Switched Mode Power Supplies
Amarnath Reddy (in collaboration with Minebea Electronics (UK) Ltd.)
Supervisors: Dr. DE Macpherson, Prof. HW Whittington
This project investigated using an Expert System to design SMPS. The expert system was
linked to databases of common circuit topologies, semiconductor components, magnetic
cores etc. The design included component selection, design of wound components, error
amplifer compensation, and design for EMC. Design verification was carried out by linking
the expert system to SPICE, allowing full circuit simulation to be carried out.
- Associate Technical Director
Http://easydiagnosis.com/software.html
David Schachter
Expert System Programs
Symptoms, signs, and conditions
For over 100 years medical diagnosis has been largely based on invoking
lists of disease possibilities. Thus, medical texts and references, such as the
Merck Manual® are organized by disease, or conditions. Medical teaching
has generally been based on the same formulation, emphasizing the study of
disease, not the study of complaints, i.e. Given this disease, do the
patient's complaints ( symptoms) or findings (signs) match the diagnosis?
This is backwards, of course, and most physicians know this instinctively.
Since patients do not present with diagnoses, the logical question should be:
Given this symptom or sign, what are the most likely conditions or
diagnoses, in descending order of their probabilities. Because of the
way clinical data has been collected anecdotally over the past century, with
emphasis on disease occurrence rather than the prevalence of signs and
symptoms, this presents significant difficulties. EasyDiagnosis, well aware of
the limitations of this approach, has attempted with these programs to
present this concept in a coherent, simplified format. The vast majority of
patients present with one major symptom or sign, and in a significant majority
of these, the top three or four diagnostic probabilities usually add up to over
70%-80%. When there is high suspicion of a specific condition, our method
can be used to estimate roughly the probability of its occurrence in a given
setting.
Intelligent Systems
Knowledge Engineering/Artificial Intelligence
http://www.acrc.unisa.edu.au/is/keai/
The traditional approach to developing an ``expert system'' has been to
interview a domain specialist until all the rules (knowledge) this person
applies in practice are represented for use by the computer. This approach
has many limitations in practicability and effectiveness. We focus on artificial
intelligence techniques that achieve intelligent-seeming behaviour in control,
classification and diagnosis without relying on this traditional approach to
knowledge engineering. A number of projects in this topic are currently in
progress:

Advanced Logic Controllers, investigating a fuzzy logic control of
electronic wheelchairs which handles erratic and uncertain input
caused by users' hand tremors.

AI Techniques in Distributed Processing, studying techniques such
as artificial neural networks and internal arithmetic for distributed and
parallel computing.

Automatic Generation of a Neural Network Architecture using
Evolutionary Computation, studying techniques for directly encoding
a neural network in the genetic tree structure in genetic programming
environments.

Computer-aided Pronunciation System (CAPS), developing
computer-aided pronunciation systems to provide meaningful
feedback on pronunciation to students of languages in a stand-alone
language learning system.

Development of New Techniques for Enhanced Resolution for
SAR Systems in Intelligent Environment, improving the information
provided by radar systems.

Diagnosing Engineering Systems in Intelligent Environment,
studyiong system diagnosis in a knowledge-based environment.

An Efficient SAR Algorithm in Intelligent Environment, developing
an efficient algorithm which transforms SAR data in one operation.

Entropy Functions for Focussing ISAR Images in Intelligent
Environment, developing a technique which provides an approximate
polar reformatting of an ISAR target which is independent of the rate
of rotation.

Evaluation of Artificial Neural Networks, developing new
techniques for the cross-validation of artificial neural network
classifiers.

Expert System Construction by Reasoning from Cases, applying
decision tree induction to the development of case-based reasoning
systems.

Exploiting Conceptual Graphs for Knowledge Reuse in Design,
developing a pattern-directed inference system over conceptual
structure terms.
DEIS - Università di Bologna - L
I A - Laboratorio d'Informatica Avanzata
http://www-lia.deis.unibo.it/Research/Areas/knowrep.html#ExpertSysDes
General Description
The aim of this research theme is to show how models, techniques and tools for building expert systems can
help to face real problems. Jointly with SASIB S.p.A. an expert system based on Prolog and metainterpretation has been implemented in order to automatically design railway signalling systems. Moreover,
optimization techniques have been applied, mainly based on partial evaluation. Meta-interpretation has also
been adopted to implement a simulator for the designed system. Further, the management and fault diagnosis
in big and medium-size stations has been faced by using a tool based on a parallel blackboard model. Recently,
the same problem has been solved by using KEE as implementation tool and its Assumption-based Truth
Maintenance System, and Constraint Logic Programming.
Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) have the purpose of transferring domain knowledge and experience to a user
(student). ITSs evolved from the earlier Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) systems; they represent knowledge
declaratively and may adapt their behaviour to the student's characteristics. The problems of modelling the domain, the
students' characteristics and the communication process are thus extremely relevant to the design of an ITS. The
research applied Description Logics to the design of an ITS prototype for the instruction of staff of a metal and mechanics
manufacturing company. The focus has been on the student's model and classification, showing how Description Logics
can be a substantially sound support to the solution of this kind of problems. An ITS architecture has been proposed,
based on the notion of student stereotype and knowledge granules. The student and granule representation models have
been studied and the algorithms for the choice of the knowledge granules to be taught to a student have been
developed.
Participants

Sonia Bergamaschi

Maurelio Boari

Evelina Lamma

Paola Mello

Claudio Sartori
Funded by

1986-94: SASIB S.p.A. Bologna, 1992-94: G.D. S.p.A. Bologna , MURST 60% - Methods and Tools
for Building Expert Systems
LIMEX: An Integrated Expert System With Multimedia
http://potato.claes.sci.eg/claes/limex/limex.html
Introduction and highlights on each function of LIMEX
LIMEX is an integrated expert system with multimedia that has been developed to assist lime growers and
extension agents in the cultivation of lime for the purpose of improving their yield. The scope of LIMEX expert
system includes: assessment , irrigation , fertilization , and pest control . A preliminary evaluation process,
involving both domain experts and end users, have been to study their needs and the feasibility of building
LIMEX. The study showed that there is a great need to an expert system because of the complexity of
operations which effects the tree yield in different seasons.
LIMEX is being promoted and supported by CLAES which sees to it that knowledge is updated on a regular
basis.The expert system was augmented with multimedia capabilities as enhancing an expert system by the
integration of text, image, sound, video, and data, allows for a good feedback from users, assists in better
understanding of the system, and allows for more flexibility in the interactive use of the system.
The purpose of integrating the LIMEX expert system with multimedia was to develop functional modules
capable of supplying end users with adequate information and advice to solve their problems. LIMEX is
divided into subsystems, each of which is concerned with a specific problem. Figure 1 illustrates the
hierarchy of LIMEX subsystems and functional modules.
 Assessment
, Irrigation , Fertilization , Pest Control ,