REACH FOR THE STARS MLK 2009
Identify the proper sequence for the following. Answers to the left
Increasing distance from Earth
132________ 1 Sirius A
123________ 1 Procyon
321________ 1 Deneb
213________ 1 Spica
2
2
2
2
Betelgeuese
Capella
Rigel
Algol
3
3
3
3
Arcturus
Deneb
Sol
Polaris
Increasing Absolute Magnitude
123________ 1 Sirius B
231________ 1 Antares
312________ 1 Regulus
213________ 1 Antares
2
2
2
2
Sirius A
Wolf 359
Spica
Arcturus
3
3
3
3
Arcturus
Sol
Vega
Rigel
Increasing Apparent Magnitude
312________ 1 Sirius B
321________ 1 Sirius A
123________ 1 Castor
132________ 1 Sirius B
123________ 1 Polaris
132________ 1 Algol
2
2
2
2
2
2
Sun
Arcturus
Altair
Deneb
Antares
Rigel
3
3
3
3
3
3
Wolf 359
Aldebaran
Vega
Castor
Betelgeuse
Betelgeuse*
Increasing surface temperature
132________ 1 Antares
321________ 1 Spectral O
123________ 1 Wolf 359
321________ 1 Spica
213________ 1 Arcturus
231________ 1 Vega
2
2
2
2
2
2
Regulus
Polaris
Pollux
Sirius A
Betelgeuse
Sirius B
3
3
3
3
3
3
Sol
Aldebaran
Rigel
Capella
Sol
Sirius A
Increasing Luminocity
213________ 1 Arcturus
231________ 1 Deneb
312________ 1 Aldebaran
321________ 1 Spica
123________ 1 Pollux
231________ 1 Sirius B
2
2
2
2
2
2
Wolf 359
Procyon
Polaris
Regulus
Arcturus
Wolf 359
3
3
3
3
3
3
Betelgeuse
Sirius A
Algol
Altair
Polaris
Procyon
Increasing angle from the position of Polaris in the night sky
312________ 1 Betelgeuse
2 Sirius
3 Algol
213________ 1 Altair
2 Deneb
3 Sag A*
132________ 1 M13
2 SMC
3 LMC
321________ 1 M1
2 M45
3 M57
123________ 1 Aldebaran
2 Regulus
3 Altair
Increasing number of stars in the system
321________ 1 M13
2 Beehive
213________ 1 Regulus
2 Aldebaran
3
3
M42
Castor
most of the time
REACH FOR THE STARS MLK 2009
Identify the proper sequence for the following. Answers to the left
Increasing distance from Earth
________
1 Sirius A
________
1 Procyon
________
1 Deneb
________
1 Spica
2
2
2
2
Betelgeuese
Capella
Rigel
Algol
3
3
3
3
Arcturus
Deneb
Sol
Polaris
Increasing Absolute Magnitude
________
1 Sirius B
________
1 Antares
________
1 Regulus
________
1 Antares
2
2
2
2
Sirius A
Wolf 359
Spica
Arcturus
3
3
3
3
Arcturus
Sol
Vega
Rigel
Increasing Apparent Magnitude
________
1 Sirius B
________
1 Sirius A
________
1 Castor
________
1 Sirius B
________
1 Polaris
________
1 Algol
2
2
2
2
2
2
Sun
Arcturus
Altair
Deneb
Antares
Rigel
3
3
3
3
3
3
Wolf 359
Aldebaran
Vega
Castor
Betelgeuse
Betelgeuse*
Increasing surface temperature
________
1 Antares
________
1 Spectral O
________
1 Wolf 359
________
1 Spica
________
1 Arcturus
________
1 Vega
2
2
2
2
2
2
Regulus
Polaris
Pollux
Sirius A
Betelgeuse
Sirius B
3
3
3
3
3
3
Sol
Aldebaran
Rigel
Capella
Sol
Sirius A
Increasing Luminocity
________
1 Arcturus
________
1 Deneb
________
1 Aldebaran
________
1 Spica
________
1 Pollux
________
1 Sirius B
2
2
2
2
2
2
Wolf 359
Procyon
Polaris
Regulus
Arcturus
Wolf 359
3
3
3
3
3
3
Betelgeuse
Sirius A
Algol
Altair
Polaris
Procyon
Increasing angle from the position of Polaris in the night sky
________
1 Betelgeuse
2 Sirius
3 Algol
________
1 Altair
2 Deneb
3 Sag A*
________
1 M13
2 SMC
3 LMC
________
1 M1
2 M45
3 M57
________
1 Aldebaran
2 Regulus
3 Altair
Increasing number of stars in the system
________
1 M13
2 Beehive
________
1 Regulus
2 Aldebaran
3
3
M42
Castor
most of the time
REACH FOR THE STARS MLK 2009
Answer the following questions.
If the Absolute magnitude and Apparent magnitude are equal, what do you know about the distance of the
star? The star is one parsec away.
How many AU does light travel in one year? 63,900
What are Hayashi tracks? The lines on the HR which represent the path a star follows during its life.
What causes a sun like star to suddenly contract in diameter? Termination of radiative pressure.
How many times will a blue giant orbit the center of the Milky Way during its life? Less than one.
Where are globular clusters typically found in a galaxy? In the halo.
Approximately what % of all stars are found on the main sequence? 90
What bodies are involved in a Type I supernova? White dwarf and a close giant.
What does a White Dwarf leave behind following a Type I supernova event? Nothing. or a planetary nebula.
How long does an O star live on the main sequence? Several million years.
How long does a G star live on the main sequence? Several billion years.
How long does an M star live on the main sequence? Perhaps a trillion years.
Why are there no black dwarfs? The universe is not old enough.
What obscures the ability to see the center of the Milky Way Galaxy? Interstellar dust, dark matter.
What is Algol’s claim to fame? It is the prototypical eclipsing binary.
What three things effect the apparent magnitude of a star the most? Size, temperature, distance.
What causes Polaris not to always be the ‘North Star?’ Precession of the poles.
Can we see the brightest star in the night sky from Ohio and what is it? Yes, Sirius.
What constellation has the greatest number of 1st magnitude stars? Orion.
What type of Galaxies are the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds? Irregular.
What is the closest star cluster to the Earth? Hyades.
What is the furthest deep space object visible to the unaided eye? Andromeda Galaxy.
What is the numeric value of the Chandrasekhar Limit? 1.4 Solar masses.
REACH FOR THE STARS MLK 2009
Answer the following questions.
If the Absolute magnitude and Apparent magnitude are equal, what do you know about the distance of the
star? _____________________________________________
How many AU does light travel in one year? _____________
What are Hayashi tracks? ______________________________________________________________
What causes a sun like star to suddenly contract in diameter? ___________________________________
How many times will a blue giant orbit the center of the Milky Way during its life? ________________
Where are globular clusters typically found in a galaxy? ___________________
Approximately what % of all stars are found on the main sequence? __________
What bodies are involved in a Type I supernova? ____________________________________
What does a White Dwarf leave behind following a Type I supernova event? _______________________.
How long does an O star live on the main sequence? __________________________
How long does a G star live on the main sequence? ______________________________
How long does an M star live on the main sequence? ________________________________
Why are there no black dwarfs? _____________________________________________
What obscures the ability to see the center of the Milky Way Galaxy? ____________________________
What is Algol’s claim to fame? ________________________________________________
What three things effect the apparent magnitude of a star the most? ____________________________
What causes Polaris not to always be the ‘North Star?’ ____________________________________
Can we see the brightest star in the night sky from Ohio and what is it? _________________________
What constellation has the greatest number of 1st magnitude stars? ______________
What type of Galaxies are the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds? _________________
What is the closest star cluster to the Earth? ____________________
What is the furthest deep space object visible to the unaided eye? ___________________________
What is the numeric value of the Chandrasekhar Limit? __________________________
REACH FOR THE STARS MLK 2009
M Objects
Answer the following questions.
1.What is the common name for M1? The Crab Nebula in Taurus
2. How many M objects are there? 110
3. Is M27 visible to the naked eye? No
4. Name the M objects in Dorado. There are none.
5. What is the magnitude of M6? 4.2
6. What are three differences between Globular Clusters and Open Clusters? GCs have stars which are
closer and higher in number, are in the Galactic Halo, have stars which are older.
7. What was Messier looking for when he made his observations? Comets.
8. Why are there so few M Objects in the southern skies? Messier lived in the North.
9. When did M 1 SN? July 4, 1054
10. What do Cas A and Tycho in Cassiopeia have in common? They are both SNR’s.
11. How big is M 42? It covers most of Orion.
12. Which are of higher metalicity, Globular or Open Clusters? Open.
13. Why? They were formed more recently when more metal was available from prior SN events.
14. Which star cluster is closest to Earth? Hyades.
15. What type of star can be found in Open Clusters but not in Globular Clusters? Blue Giants.
16. Is the trapezium considered an Open or Globular Cluster? Open.
17. What is in the center of M 57? A White Dwarf.
REACH FOR THE STARS MLK 2009
M Objects
Answer the following questions.
1.What is the common name for M1? _____________________________
2. How many M objects are there? ________
3. Is M27 visible to the naked eye? ________
4. Name the M objects in Dorado. _________________________
5. What is the magnitude of M6? _______________
6. What are three differences between Globular Clusters and Open Clusters?____________________
__________________________ __________________________________________________
7. What was Messier looking for when he made his observations? _________________
8. Why are there so few M Objects in the southern skies? __________________________________
9. When did M 1 SN? _____________________
10. What do Cas A and Tycho in Cassiopeia have in common? ______________________________
11. How big is M 42? _______________________________________
12. Which are of higher metalicity, Globular or Open Clusters? _____________
13. Why? _____________________________________________________________________________
14. Which star cluster is closest to Earth? ________________
15. What type of star can be found in Open Clusters but not in Globular Clusters? ___________________
16. Are the trapezium considered an Open or Globular Cluster? _____________
17. What is in the center of M 57? _________________________
REACH FOR THE STARS
HR DIAGRAM
Place the following items on the above HR Diagram by placing an encircled letter on the diagram.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
An O class white dwarf
Regulus
Castor
Procyon
Sol
Aldebaran
Betelgeuse
Sirius A
Sirius B
Wolf 359
REACH FOR THE STARS
HR DIAGRAM
Place the following items on the above HR Diagram by placing an encircled letter on the diagram.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
Where a .6 solar mass star spends most of its life within the main sequence
Where a 10 solar mass star spends most of its life within the main sequence
Where the sun will spend most of its life within the HR Diagram
Where Sirius B will be found 1015 years from now
Location of Blue Giants
Location of Red Dwarfs
Location of the sun just before it began fusing H
Location of new star discovered with L=107 and a temperature of 75,000 degrees
Where the sun will reside next on the HR Diagram
Where Rigel will spend its next long period of time
REACH FOR THE STARS
HR DIAGRAM
Draw the following items on the above HR Diagram and label them as indicated below
A
B
C
D
E
F
The life of the sun from the beginning of fusion through White Dwarf
A line representing the first 1,000,000,000 years of a 2 SM star
A line representing the first 1,000,000,000 years of a 12 SM star
A line representing the first 1,000,000,000 years of White Dwarf’s life
The location most of the stars in the Pleiades
The location of the oldest stars in M 13