EXAM 2 REVIEW SHEET
PART CHAPTER 8 & PART CHAPTER 12: DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE MEANS
Understand conceptually the distribution of sample means (DSM)
Understand conceptually the Standard Error of the mean and how it is different from the standard deviation
Understand the Central Limit Theorem
Know the mean (expected value), standard deviation & shape of the DSM
Understand the meaning of the standard error as a measure of chance
Know what factors influence the size of the standard error and how
Know how to compute the probability associated with a particular X
Know how to compute the probability associated with a particular X
CHAPTER 8: HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Understand the general logic of hypothesis testing
Know the steps involved in hypothesis testing
Understand the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (H1)
Know how to write H0 and H1 for a one-sample z-test
What is a critical value?
Understand the difference between one-tailed and two-tailed tests
What is the alpha level () or “level of significance”?
Understand a “p-value”
Probability of Type I error ()
Probability of Type II error ()
Level of Confidence (1 - )
Power (1- )
Understand the concepts of Type I Error and Type II Error
How do we minimize Type I error (and increase “level of confidence”)?
How do we minimize Type II error (and increase “power”)?
Know how to conduct & interpret a z-test for one sample mean (1-tailed and 2-tailed)
Know how to report the results of a z-test for one sample mean
ONE-SAMPLE T-TEST (CHAPTER 12)
Estimated standard error of the mean ( s x )
t-ratio
Degrees of freedom (df)
When should we use a one-sample t-test instead of a one-sample z-test?
Know the properties of the sampling distribution of t
In what ways is the t distribution similar to & different from the standard normal curve (z distribution)?
Know how to write H1 & H0 for a one-sample t-test
Know how to conduct a one-sample t-test (1-tailed & 2-tailed)
Know how to report the results of a one-sample t-test in APA format
RELATED SAMPLES T-TEST (CHAPTER 13)
Repeated measures design vs. Matched samples design
Difference score (D)
Standard error of D (s D )
Know the advantages & disadvantages of using a repeated-measures design
Know how to write H0 & H1 for a related-samples t-test
Know how to conduct a related-sample t-test (1-tailed & 2-tailed)
Know how to report the results of a related-samples t-test in APA format
THE T-TEST FOR TWO INDEPENDENT SAMPLES (CHAPTER 14)
Estimated standard error of the difference between 2 independent sample means ( s x1  x2 )
Pooled variance estimate (sp2)
Know how to write H0 & H1 for a 2 independent samples t-test
Know how to conduct a t-test for 2 independent sample means (1-tailed & 2-tailed)
Know how to report the results of a t-test for 2 independent sample means in APA format
What are the assumptions of the t-test for 2 independent samples and when are violations of these assumptions
“serious”?
THE BIG PICTURE
Know how to read a research description & select (& conduct) the appropriate statistical test!!!!
Be prepared to interpret SPSS output
PLEASE BRING THE FOLLOWING TO THE EXAM:
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Pencil, eraser
Calculator (non-graphing)—NO PDAs or cell phones may be used as calculators
Be sure you are comfortable using all the formulas listed on the formula sheet!