Registration Form
COLLECTION SYSTEM OPERATOR CEU TRAINING COURSE $150.00
48 HOUR RUSH ORDER PROCESSING FEE ADDITIONAL $50.00
Start and finish dates:___________________________________________________
You will have 90 days from this date in order to complete this course
List number of hours worked on assignment must match State Requirement. ________
Name________________________________Signature________________________________
I have read and understood the disclaimer notice on page 2. Digitally sign XXX
Address: ____________________________________________________________________
City: ________________________________State:_____________ Zip:___________________
Email__________________________________ Fax (_______)__________________________
Phone:
Home (________)____________________
Work (________)__________________________
Operator ID #________________________________________ Exp Date_________________
Please circle/check which certification you are applying the course CEU’s.
Collection___ Wastewater Treatment ___ Other ____________________
Your certificate will be mailed to you in about two weeks unless you pay for the
rush service.
Technical Learning College e-mail info@tlch2o.com
PO Box 3060, Chino Valley, AZ 86323
(928) 468-0665
Toll Free (866) 557-1746 Fax (928) 272-0747
If you’ve paid on the Internet, please write your Customer#_________________
Please invoice me, my PO#__________________________________________
Please pay with your credit card on our website under Bookstore or Buy Now. Or call
us and provide your credit card information.
We will stop mailing the certificate of completion we need your e-mail address. We will
e-mail the certificate to you, if no e-mail address; we will mail it to you.
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
DISCLAIMER NOTICE
I understand that it is my responsibility to ensure that this CEU course is either approved or
accepted in my State for CEU credit. I understand State laws and rules change on a frequent
basis and I believe this course is currently accepted in my State for CEU or contact hour credit,
if it is not, I will not hold Technical Learning College responsible. I fully understand that this type
of study program deals with dangerous, changing conditions and various laws and that I will not
hold Technical Learning College, Technical Learning Consultants, Inc. (TLC) liable in any
fashion for any errors, omissions, advice, suggestions or neglect contained in this CEU
education training course or for any violation or injury, death, neglect, damage or loss of your
license or certification caused in any fashion by this CEU education training or course material
suggestion or error or my lack of submitting paperwork. It is my responsibility to call or contact
TLC if I need help or assistance and double-check to ensure my registration page and
assignment has been received and graded. It is my responsibility to ensure all information is
correct and to abide with all rules and regulations.
State Approval Listing Link, check to see if your State accepts or has pre-approved
this course. Not all States are listed. Not all courses are listed. If the course is not
accepted for CEU credit, we will give you the course free if you ask your State to accept
it for credit.
Professional Engineers; Most states will accept our courses for credit but we do not
officially list the States or Agencies. Please check your State for approval.
State Approval Listing URL…
http://www.tlch2o.com/PDF/CEU%20State%20Approvals.pdf
You can obtain a printed version of the course manual from TLC for an additional
$49.95 plus shipping charges.
AFFIDAVIT OF EXAM COMPLETION
I affirm that I personally completed the entire text of the course. I also affirm that I
completed the exam without assistance from any outside source. I understand that it is
my responsibility to file or maintain my certificate of completion as required by the state
or by the designation organization.
Grading Information
In order to maintain the integrity of our courses we do not distribute test scores,
percentages or questions missed. Our exams are based upon pass/fail criteria with the
benchmark for successful completion set at 70%. Once you pass the exam, your record
will reflect a successful completion and a certificate will be issued to you.
For security purposes, please fax or e-mail a copy of your driver’s license and always
call us to confirm we’ve received your assignment and to confirm your identity.
Thank you…
2
Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
Collection System Operator Answer Key
Name_____________________
Phone# ___________________________
Please circle, underline, bold or X only one correct answer
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
370. A B C D E F
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Please fax the answer key to TLC
(928) 272-0747
Rush Grading Service
If you need this assignment graded and the results mailed to you within a 48-hour
period, prepare to pay an additional rush service handling fee of $50.00. This fee may
not cover postage costs. If you need this service, simply write RUSH on the top of your
Registration Form. We will place you in the front of the grading and processing line.
Thank you…
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
COLLECTION SYSTEM OPERATOR CEU TRAINING COURSE
CUSTOMER SERVICE RESPONSE CARD
NAME: __________________________
E-MAIL _________________________________ PHONE _____________________
PLEASE COMPLETE THIS FORM BY CIRCLING THE NUMBER OF THE
APPROPRIATE ANSWER IN THE AREA BELOW.
1. Please rate the difficulty of your course.
Very Easy 0
1
2
3
4
2. Please rate the difficulty of the testing process.
Very Easy 0
1
2
3
4
5
Very Difficult
5
Very Difficult
3. Please rate the subject matter on the exam to your actual field or work.
Very Similar 0
1
2
3
4
5 Very Different
4. How did you hear about this Course? ____________________________________
5. What would you do to improve the Course?
_____________________________________________________________________
How about the price of the course?
Poor_____ Fair ____ Average ____ Good____ Great_____
How was your customer service?
Poor___ Fair ____ Average ____ Good _____ Great_____
Any other concerns or comments.
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
Collection System Operator CEU Training Course Assignment
You will have 90 days from the start of this assignment to successfully complete it with a score of 70%. If
you should need any assistance, please call or e-mail the Student Service Department, please fax or email all concerns and the final test to TLC.
You are expected to circle the correct answer on the enclosed answer key. Please
include your name and address on your exam. The answer key is in the front. There are
no intentional trick questions. (s) means the answer may be plural or singular in nature.
You can e-mail or fax your Answer Key along with the Registration Form to TLC.
Cleaning Techniques
1. To maintain its proper function, a sewer system needs a cleaning schedule. There are
several traditional cleaning techniques used to clear blockages and to act
as________________ .
A. Sanitary sewer overflow(s)
D. Preventative maintenance tools
B. Rehabilitation
E. Education and pollution prevention
C. CCTV inspection(s)
F. None of the Above
2. When______________, local communities need to be aware of EPA regulations on solid and
hazardous waste as defined in 40 CFR 261. In order to comply with state guidelines on testing
and disposal of hazardous waste, check with the local authorities.
A. Sanitary sewer overflow(s)
D. Cleaning sewer lines
B. Rehabilitation
E. Education and pollution prevention
C. CCTV inspection(s)
F. None of the Above
3. Although all of these methods have proven effective in_____________, the ideal method of
reducing and controlling the materials found in sewer lines is education and pollution prevention.
A. Sanitary sewer overflow(s)
D. Check with the local authorities
B. Rehabilitation
E. Maintaining sewer systems
C. CCTV inspection(s)
F. None of the Above
4. The public needs to be informed that common household substances such as grease and oil
need to be disposed in the garbage in closed containers, and not into the sewer lines. This
approach will not only ______________, but will also help keep the sewer lines clear.
A. Sanitary sewer overflow(s)
D. Check with the local authorities
B. Rehabilitation
E. Education and pollution prevention
C. CCTV inspection(s)
F. None of the Above
Advantages and Disadvantages
5. The primary benefit of implementing a sewer maintenance program is the reduction of
__________, basement backups, and other releases of wastewater from the collection system
due to substandard sewer conditions. Improper handling of instruments and chemicals used in
inspecting and maintaining sewer lines may cause environmental harm.
A. SSOs
D. Sewer line cleaning
B. Visual inspection(s)
E. Fire hazard
C. Rehabilitation
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
Visual Inspection
6. In smaller sewers, the scope of problems detected is minimal because the only portion of the
sewer that can be seen in detail in near the manhole. Therefore, any definitive information on
cracks or other structural problems is unlikely. However, this method does provide information
needed to make decisions on ________________.
A. SSOs
D. Sewer line cleaning
B. Visual inspection(s)
E. Fire hazard
C. Rehabilitation
F. None of the Above
Camera Inspection
7. When performing a _______________in a large diameter sewer, the inspection crew is
essentially taking photographs haphazardly, and as a result, the photographs tend to be less
comprehensive.
A. SSOs
D. Sewer line cleaning
B. Visual inspection(s)
E. Camera inspection
C. Rehabilitation
F. None of the Above
Closed Circuit Television (CCTV)
8. This method requires late night inspection and as a result the TV operators are vulnerable to
lapses in concentration. ____________ are also expensive and time consuming. The video
camera does not fit into the pipe and during the inspection it remains only in the maintenance
hole.
A. Sanitary sewer overflow(s)
D. Check with the local authorities
B. Rehabilitation
E. Education and pollution prevention
C. CCTV inspection(s)
F. None of the Above
Lamping Inspection
9. As a result, only the first 10 feet of the pipe can be viewed or_____________. Some
instruments have a tendency to become coated with petroleum based residues and if not
handled properly they can become a fire hazard.
A. SSOs
D. Sewer line cleaning
B. Visual inspection(s)
E. Inspected using this method
C. Rehabilitation
F. None of the Above
10. _____________ are carried out by using a mirror attached to a pole; however, use of
portable cameras has been recently introduced to enhance the effectiveness of visual
inspections. Older areas of the sewer system are inspected every two years; whereas, the
inspection of relatively new areas may be completed in 3 to 4 years.
A. SSOs
D. Sewer line cleaning
B. Visual inspection(s)
E. Fire hazard
C. Rehabilitation
F. None of the Above
11. Cleaning is an important part of pipe maintenance. Sewer line cleaning is prioritized based
on the age of the pipe and the frequency of the problems within it. Most cities use rodding and
_______________.
A. SSOs
D. Sewer line cleaning
B. Visual inspection(s)
E. Pressurized cleaning methods to maintain the pipes
C. Rehabilitation
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
12. _______________ are
consuming.
A. Bucket machine(s)
B. Jetting
C. Chemicals’ effectiveness
rarely used because cleaning by this method tends to be time
D. Scooter
E. Kite or Bag
F. None of the Above
13. Most cities use mechanical, rather than chemical, methods to remove grease and roots.
Introducing chemicals into the cleaning program requires hiring an expert crew, adopting a new
program, and instituting a detention time to ensure the _______________.
A. Bucket machine(s)
D. Scooter
B. Jetting
E. Kite or Bag
C. Chemicals’ effectiveness F. None of the Above
Cleaning Method Limitation
14. Balling, Jetting, Scooter: In general, these methods are only successful when necessary
water pressure or _____________ is maintained without flooding basements or houses at low
elevations.
A. Steep-grade hill areas
D. Completely plugged
B. Backups into residences
E. Head
C. Variety of cleaning methods
F. None of the Above
15. _______________ - The main limitation of this technique is that cautions need to be used
in areas with basement fixtures and in steep-grade hill areas.
A. Bucket machine(s)
D. Scooter
B. Jetting
E. Kite or Bag
C. Chemicals’ effectiveness F. None of the Above
16. Balling - Balling cannot be used effectively in pipes with ____________or protruding service
connections because the ball can become distorted.
A. Steep-grade hill areas
D. Completely plugged
B. Backups into residences
E. Bad offset joints
C. Variety of cleaning methods
F. None of the Above
17. _______________ - When cleaning larger lines, the manholes need to be designed to a
larger size in order to receive and retrieve the equipment. Otherwise, the scooter needs to be
assembled in the manhole. Caution also needs to be used in areas with basement fixtures and
in steep-grade hill areas.
A. Bucket machine(s)
D. Scooter
B. Jetting
E. Kite or Bag
C. Chemicals’ effectiveness F. None of the Above
18. Bucket Machine- This device has been known to damage sewers. The bucket machine
cannot be used when the line is completely plugged because this prevents the cable from being
threaded from one manhole to the next. Set-up of this equipment is_______________.
A. Steep-grade hill areas
D. Time-consuming
B. Backups into residences
E. Not effectively remove sand or grit
C. Variety of cleaning methods
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
19. Flushing - This method is not very effective in removing heavy solids. ___________does
not remedy this problem because it only achieves temporary movement of debris from one
section to another in the system.
A. Bucket machine(s)
D. Scooter
B. Jetting
E. Kite or Bag
C. Flushing
F. None of the Above
20. High Velocity Cleaner -The efficiency and effectiveness of removing debris by this method
decreases as the cross-sectional areas of the pipe increase. Backups into residences have
been known to occur when this method has been used by inexperienced operators. Even
experienced operators require extra time to________________.
A. Steep-grade hill areas
D. Completely plugged
B. Backups into residences
E. Clear pipes of roots and grease
C. Variety of cleaning methods
F. None of the Above
21. _______________ - When using this method, use caution in locations with basement
fixtures and steep-grade hill areas.
A. Bucket machine(s)
D. Scooter
B. Jetting
E. Kite or Bag
C. Chemicals’ effectiveness F. None of the Above
22. Rodding - Continuous rods are harder to retrieve and repair if broken and they are not
useful in lines with a diameter of greater than 300 mm (0.984 feet) because the rods have a
tendency to coil and bend. This device also does ______________, but may only loosen the
material to be flushed out at a later time. Source: U.S. EPA, 1993.
A. Steep-grade hill areas
D. Completely plugged
B. Backups into residences
E. Not effectively remove sand or grit
C. Variety of cleaning methods
F. None of the Above
Limitations of Cleaning Methods
23. Most of collection inspections use ____________. However, a large percent of the lines in
the worst and oldest sections of the system are inspected visually.
A. Visual inspection(s)
D. Flush and vacuum systems
B. CCTV system
E. The cleaning and inspection crews
C. Chemicals’ effectiveness
F. None of the Above
24. _________________ are also used in the most recently installed lines and manholes.
A. Visual inspection(s)
D. Flush and vacuum systems
B. CCTV system
E. The cleaning and inspection crews
C. Chemicals’ effectiveness
F. None of the Above
25. ______________will normally
velocity cleaning, rodding, bucket
attached motor).
A. Steep-grade hill areas
B. Backups into residences
C. Variety of cleaning methods
utilize a variety of cleaning methods including jetting, high
machining, and using stop trucks (sectional rods with an
D. Completely plugged
E. The collection system
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
26. As part of a preventive maintenance approach, most collection system operators also have
been using combination trucks with both ___________________.
A. Completely plugged
D. Flush and vacuum systems
B. Backups into residences
E. The cleaning and inspection crews
C. Chemicals’ effectiveness
F. None of the Above
27. To control roots, most collection system operators uses __________________which can
ensure that no roots return to the line for up to five years.
A. Steep-grade hill areas
D. A vapor rooter eradication system
B. Backups into residences
E. The cleaning and inspection crews
C. Variety of cleaning methods
F. None of the Above
28. The cleaning and inspection crews will usually consist of two members to operate each of
the_________________.
A. Visual inspection(s)
D. Flush and vacuum systems
B. CCTV system
E. Combination trucks and TV trucks
C. Chemicals’ effectiveness
F. None of the Above
Pumps and Lift Stations
29. Lift Station: A facility in a sewer system consisting of a receiving chamber, pumping
equipment, and associated drive and control devices which collect and lift wastewater to a
higher elevation when the continuance of the sewer at reasonable slopes would involve
excessive trench depths; or that collects and raises wastewater through the use of
__________from areas too low to drain into available sewers.
A. Key elements of lift stations
D. Force mains
B. Lift Station’s area
E. Pumping Station
C. Dry well
F. None of the Above
30. There should not be an odor coming from a ____________.
A. Lift Station
D. Pumping Station
B. Gravity driven
E. Submersible pump(s)
C. Wet well
F. None of the Above
31. Pumping Station: A relatively large sewage pumping installation designed not only to lift
sewage to a higher elevation, but also to convey it through force mains to gravity flow points
located relatively long distances from the ___________________.
A. Key elements of lift stations
D. Backup
B. Lift Station’s area
E. Pumping Station
C. Dry well
F. None of the Above
Lift Stations
32. Sewer pipes are generally_____________. Wastewater flows slowly downhill until it
reaches a certain low point. Then, pump or "lift" stations push the wastewater back uphill to a
high point where gravity can once again take over the process.
A. Lift Station
D. Gravity driven
B. Gravity driven
E. Submersible pump(s)
C. Wet well
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
33. Lift stations are used in _______________where water is accumulated in wet wells and
then pumped to a higher elevation. They are generally designed to operate continuously to
keep sewerage from backing up through the system. That means that most lift stations have a
backup electrical supply in the event that normal power is disrupted.
A. Key elements of lift stations
D. Sanitary sewer system(s)
B. Lift Station’s area
E. Pumping Station
C. Dry well
F. None of the Above
34. Most Wastewater Collection systems will have installed radio telemetry, or SCADA
systems. The telemetry system is used to monitor and control pump stations via computer at
the__________________.
A. Lift Station
D. WW Collections facility
B. Gravity driven
E. Submersible pump(s)
C. Wet well
F. None of the Above
35. This system gives up to the minute pump station status such as wet well level, pump
performance, electrical power conditions, etc. This allows our technicians to prevent
wastewater spills and protect public health. Using_______________, we have the ability to
identify potential problems instantaneously and take the proper steps to rectify the situation
before it becomes a public health risk.
A. Key elements of lift stations
D. Telemetry
B. Lift Station’s area
E. Pumping Station
C. Dry well
F. None of the Above
A Lift Station contains 4 main Components:
36. A wet well - usually 15+ ft. in depth and 8ft. in diameter - that houses two submersible
pumps (there are some stations with up to 5 submersibles) of varying horsepower, discharging
piping and floats that operate the____________________.
A. Lift Station
D. Radio telemetry, or SCADA system(s)
B. Gravity driven
E. Pumps and keep a set level in the well
C. Wet well
F. None of the Above
37. A ____________________that houses the piping and valves that prevent backflow in the
station, and can lock connection used to bypass the submersibles in an emergency situation.
A. Key elements of lift stations
D. Backup electrical supply
B. Lift Station’s area
E. Pumping Station
C. Dry well
F. None of the Above
38. An electrical panel houses control for the _________________. It also houses the telemetry
used to monitor and control the station remotely.
A. Lift Station
D. Radio telemetry, or SCADA system(s)
B. Gravity driven
E. Submersible pump(s)
C. Wet well
F. None of the Above
39. A “Log Book” or “Station Book” which contains the records and maps of the ____________
area.
A. Key elements of lift stations
D. Backup electrical supply
B. Lift Station’s
E. Pumping Station
C. Dry well
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
Collection Systems, Lift Stations
40. ____________are facilities designed to move wastewater from lower to higher elevation
through pipes.
A. Wastewater lift stations D. Radio telemetry, or SCADA system(s)
B. Gravity driven
E. Submersible pump(s)
C. Wet well
F. None of the Above
41. _______________include a wastewater receiving well (wet-well), often equipped with a
screen or grinding to remove coarse materials; pumps and piping with associated valves;
motors; a power supply system; an equipment control and alarm system; and an odor control
system and ventilation system.
A. Key elements of lift stations
D. Dry-pit or dry-well and submersible lift stations
B. Lift Station’s area
E. Lift station equipment and systems
C. Key elements of dry well
F. None of the Above
42. _______________________ are often installed in an enclosed structure. They can be
constructed on-site (custom-designed) or prefabricated.
A. Key elements of lift stations
D. Dry-pit or dry-well and submersible lift stations
B. Lift Station’s area
E. Lift station equipment and systems
C. Key elements of dry well
F. None of the Above
43. Centrifugal pumps are commonly used in ______________. A trapped air column, or
bubbler system, that senses pressure and level is commonly used for pump station control.
A. Submersible lift station(s)
D. Operation and maintenance
B. Wet-well
E. Pump station control
C. Lift station(s)
F. None of the Above
44. Other control alternatives include electrodes placed at cut-off levels, floats, mechanical
clutches, and floating mercury switches. A more sophisticated control operation involves the use
of variable speed drives.
A. Lift station(s)
D. Dry-pit or dry-well and submersible lift stations
B. Submersible pump(s)
E. Trapped air column, or bubbler system
C. Submersible lift station(s) F. None of the Above
45. ______________ are typically provided with equipment for easy pump removal. Floor
access hatches or openings above the pump room and an overhead monorail beam, bridge
crane, or portable hoist are commonly used.
A. Submersible lift station(s)
D. Operation and maintenance
B. Wet-well
E. Pump station control
C. Lift station(s)
F. None of the Above
46. The two most common types of lift stations are the dry-pit or dry-well and submersible lift
stations. In________________, pumps and valves are housed in a pump room (dry pit or drywell), that is easily accessible.
A. Lift station(s)
D. Dry-pit or dry-well and submersible lift stations
B. Dry-well lift stations
E. Trapped air column, or bubbler system
C. Submersible lift station(s) F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
47. The _____________ is a separate chamber attached or located adjacent to the dry-well
(pump room) structure.
A. Submersible lift station(s)
D. Operation and maintenance
B. Wet-well
E. Pump station control
C. Lift station(s)
F. None of the Above
48. _______________ do not have a separate pump room; the lift station header piping,
associated valves, and flow meters are located in a separate dry vault at grade for easy access.
A. Lift station(s)
D. Dry-pit or dry-well and submersible lift stations
B. Submersible pump(s)
E. Trapped air column, or bubbler system
C. Submersible lift station(s) F. None of the Above
49. _______________ include sealed pumps that operate submerged in the wet-well. These
are removed to the surface periodically and reinstalled using guide rails and a hoist.
A. Submersible lift station(s)
D. Operation and maintenance
B. Wet-well
E. Pump station control
C. Lift station(s)
F. None of the Above
50. A key advantage of ____________is that they allow easy access for routine visual
inspection and maintenance. In general, they are easier to repair than submersible pumps. An
advantage of submersible lift stations is that they typically cost less than dry-well stations and
operate without frequent pump maintenance.
A. Lift station(s)
D. Dry-pit or dry-well and submersible lift stations
B. Submersible pump(s)
E. Dry-well lift stations
C. Submersible lift station(s) F. None of the Above
51. ________________ do not usually include large aboveground structures and tend to blend
in with their surrounding environment in residential areas. They require less space and are
easier and less expensive to construct for wastewater flow capacities of 10,000gallons per
minute or less.
A. Submersible lift station(s)
D. Operation and maintenance
B. Wet-well
E. Pump station control
C. Lift station(s)
F. None of the Above
Applicability
52. __________________ are used to move wastewater from lower to higher elevation,
particularly where the elevation of the source is not sufficient for gravity flow and/or when the
use of gravity conveyance will result in excessive excavation depths and high sewer
construction costs.
A. Lift station(s)
D. Dry-pit or dry-well and submersible lift stations
B. Submersible pump(s)
E. Trapped air column, or bubbler system
C. Submersible lift station(s) F. None of the Above
Current Status
53. ________________ are widely used in wastewater conveyance systems. Dry-well lift
stations have been used in the industry for many years.
A. Submersible lift station(s)
D. Operation and maintenance
B. Wet-well
E. Pump station control
C. Lift station(s)
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
54. _________________is often used to optimize pump performance and minimize power use.
Several types of variable-speed pumping equipment are available, including variable voltage
and frequency drives, eddy current couplings, and mechanical variable-speed drives.
A. Variable speed pumping
D. Dry-pit or dry-well and submersible lift stations
B. Submersible pump(s)
E. Trapped air column, or bubbler system
C. Submersible lift station(s)
F. None of the Above
55. ___________________can reduce the size and cost of the wetwell and allows the pumps
to operate at maximum efficiency under a variety of flow conditions. Because variable-speed
pumping allows lift station discharge to match inflow, only nominal wet-well storage volume is
required and the well water level is maintained at a near constant elevation.
A. Submersible lift station(s)
D. Operation and maintenance
B. Variable-speed pumping
E. Pump station control
C. Lift station(s)
F. None of the Above
56. _____________________ may
than a constant-speed alternative.
A. Lift station configuration
B. Gravity wastewater conveyance
C. Variable-speed pumping
allow a given flow range to be achieved with fewer pumps
D. Wet-well maximum detention time
E. Key disadvantages of lift stations
F. None of the Above
57. _____________________ also minimize the number of pump starts and stops, reducing
mechanical wear. Although there is significant energy saving potential for stations with large
friction losses, it may not justify the additional capital costs unless the cost of power is relatively
high.
A. Variable-speed pumping D. Gravity wastewater conveyance
B. Wastewater quality
E. Wet-well design
C. Variable-speed station(s) F. None of the Above
58. ____________________also requires more room within the lift station and may produce
more noise and heat than constant speed pumps.
A. Lift station configuration
D. Wet-well maximum detention time
B. Variable speed equipment
E. Key disadvantages of lift stations
C. Lift station
F. None of the Above
59. Lift stations are complex facilities with_____________ . Therefore, they are less reliable
than gravity wastewater conveyance.
A. Gravity sewer
D. Gravity wastewater conveyance
B. Wastewater quality
E. Many auxiliary systems
C. Variable-speed station(s) F. None of the Above
60. However, lift station reliability can be significantly improved by providing stand-by
equipment (pumps and controls) and______________.
A. Lift station configuration
D. Wet-well maximum detention time
B. Gravity wastewater conveyance
E. Key disadvantages of lift stations
C. Emergency power supply systems
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
61. In addition, _______________is improved by using non-clog pumps suitable for the
particular wastewater quality and by applying emergency alarm and automatic control systems.
A. Gravity sewer
D. Lift station reliability
B. Wastewater quality
E. Wet-well design
C. Variable-speed station(s) F. None of the Above
Advantages
62. _______________ are used to reduce the capital cost of sewer system construction. When
gravity sewers are installed in trenches deeper than 10 feet, the cost of sewer line installation
increases significantly because of the more complex and costly excavation equipment and
trench shoring techniques required.
A. Submersible lift station(s)
D. Operation and maintenance
B. Wet-well
E. Pump station control
C. Lift station(s)
F. None of the Above
63. The size of the __________________is dependent on the minimum pipe slope and flow.
Pumping wastewater can convey the same flow using smaller pipeline size at shallower depth,
and thereby, reducing pipeline costs.
A. Lift station configuration
D. Wet-well maximum detention time
B. Gravity wastewater conveyance E. Gravity sewer lines
C. Lift station
F. None of the Above
Disadvantages
64. Compared to sewer lines where gravity drives wastewater flow, lift stations require a source
of electric power. If the power supply is interrupted, flow conveyance is discontinued and can
result in flooding upstream of the lift station, It can also interrupt the normal operation of the
downstream wastewater conveyance and________________. This limitation is typically
addressed by providing an emergency power supply.
A. Gravity sewer
D. Gravity wastewater conveyance
B. Wastewater quality
E. Treatment facilities
C. Variable-speed station(s) F. None of the Above
65. Key disadvantages of lift stations include the high cost to construct and maintain and the
potential for odors and noise. ________________ also require a significant amount of power,
are sometimes expensive to upgrade, and may create public concerns and negative public
reaction.
A. Lift station configuration
D. Wet-well maximum detention time
B. Gravity wastewater conveyance E. Key disadvantages of lift station(s)
C. Lift station(s)
F. None of the Above
66. The low cost of gravity wastewater conveyance and the higher costs of building, operating,
and maintaining lift stations means that __________should be avoided, if possible and
technically feasible.
A. Lift station configuration D. Wet-well maximum detention time
B. Wastewater pumping
E. Key disadvantages of lift stations
C. Lift station
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
67. ___________________can be eliminated or reduced by selecting alternative sewer routes
or extending a gravity sewer using direction drilling or other state-of-the-art deep excavation
methods. If such alternatives are viable, a cost benefit analysis can determine if a lift station is
the most viable choice.
A. Gravity sewer
D. Gravity wastewater conveyance
B. Wastewater quality
E. Wastewater pumping
C. Variable-speed station(s) F. None of the Above
Wet-well
68. _____________________depends on the type of lift station configuration (submersible or
dry-well) and the type of pump controls (constant or variable speed).
A. Lift station configuration
D. Wet-well maximum detention time
B. Gravity wastewater conveyance E. Key disadvantages of lift stations
C. Wet-well design
F. None of the Above
69. Wet-wells are typically designed large enough to prevent rapid pump cycling but small
enough to prevent a long detention time and associated _______________.
A. Gravity sewer
D. Gravity wastewater conveyance
B. Wastewater quality
E. Wet-well design
C. Variable-speed station(s) F. None of the Above
70. _____________ maximum detention time in constant speed pumps is typically 20 to 30
minutes. Use of variable frequency drives for pump speed control allows wet-well detention time
reduction to 5 to 15 minutes.
A. Lift station configuration
D. Wet-well
B. Gravity wastewater conveyance E. Key disadvantages of lift stations
C. Lift station
F. None of the Above
71. The minimum recommended wet-well bottom slope is to 2:1 to allow_________.
A. Gravity sewer
D. Gravity wastewater conveyance
B. Wastewater quality
E. Self-cleaning and minimum deposit of debris
C. Variable-speed station(s) F. None of the Above
72. ________________may include sewer pipelines, especially when variable speed drives are
used.
A. Lift station configuration
D. Wet-well maximum detention time
B. Gravity wastewater conveyance E. Effective volume of the wet-well
C. Lift station
F. None of the Above
73. ___________should always hold some level of sewage to minimize odor release. Bar
screens or grinders are often installed in or upstream of the wet-well to minimize pump clogging
problems.
A. Gravity sewer
D. Gravity wastewater conveyance
B. Wastewater quality
E. Wet-well
C. Variable-speed station(s) F. None of the Above
21
Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
Wastewater Pumps
74. The number of wastewater pumps and associated capacity should be selected to provide
head capacity characteristics that correspond as nearly as possible to wastewater quantity
fluctuations. This can be accomplished by preparing pump/pipeline system head-capacity
curves showing all conditions of ___________and capacity under which the pumps will be
required to operate.
A. Head-losses
D. Head (elevation of a free surface of water)
B. Head capacity
E. Low-flow/high head conditions
C. Wet-well storage F. None of the Above
75. The number of pumps to be installed in a lift station depends on the station capacity, the
range of flow and the regulations. In small stations, with maximum inflows of less than 700
gallons per minute), two pumps are customarily installed, with each unit able to meet the
________________.
A. Low or moderate head(s) D. Maximum influent rate
B. Flexibility
E. An alternative option
C. Wear and tear
F. None of the Above
76. For larger lift stations, the size and number of pumps should be selected so that the range
of _________can be met without starting and stopping pumps too frequently and without
excessive wet-well storage.
A. Head-losses
D. Influent flow rates
B. Head capacity
E. Low-flow/high head conditions
C. Wet-well storage F. None of the Above
77. Depending on the system, the pumps are designed to run at a reduced rate. The pumps
may also alternate to equalize wear and tear. Additional pumps may provide intermediate
capacities better matched to typical daily flows. An alternative option is to
provide_______________ .
A. Low or moderate head(s)
D. Maximum influent rate
B. Flexibility
E. An alternative option
C. Flow flexibility with variable speed pumps
F. None of the Above
78. For pump stations with______________, the single pump flow approach is usually the most
suitable.
A. Head-losses
D. High head-losses
B. Head capacity
E. Low-flow/high head conditions
C. Wet-well storage F. None of the Above
79. Parallel pumping is not as effective for such stations because two pumps operating together
yield only______________ .
A. Low or moderate head(s)
D. Maximum influent rate
B. Slightly higher flows than one pump
E. An alternative option
C. Wear and tear
F. None of the Above
80. If the ____________is to be achieved with multiple pumps in parallel, the lift station must be
equipped with at least three pumps: two duty pumps that together provide peak flow and one
standby pump for emergency backup.
A. Head-losses
D. Peak flow
B. Head capacity
E. Low-flow/high head conditions
C. Wet-well storage F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
81. Parallel peak pumping is typically used in large lift stations with relatively____________.
Such curves allow multiple pumps to deliver substantially more flow than a single pump. The
use of multiple pumps in parallel provides more flexibility.
A. Low or moderate head(s) D. Maximum influent rate
B. Flexibility
E. Flat system head curve(s)
C. Wear and tear
F. None of the Above
82. Several types of centrifugal pumps are used in wastewater lift stations. In the straight-flow
centrifugal pumps, wastewater does not change direction as it passes through the pumps and
into the discharge pipe. These pumps are well suited for _____________.
A. Head-losses
D. Emergency backup
B. Head capacity
E. Low-flow/high head conditions
C. Wet-well storage F. None of the Above
83. In angle-flow pumps, wastewater enters the impeller axially and passes through the volute
casing at 90 degrees to its original direction. This type of pump is appropriate for pumping
against _________________.
A. Low or moderate head(s) D. Maximum influent rate
B. Head-losses
E. An alternative option
C. Wear and tear
F. None of the Above
84.
Mixed flow pumps are most viable for pumping large quantities of wastewater
at_______________. In these pumps, the outside diameter of the impeller is less than an
ordinary centrifugal pump, increasing flow volume.
A. Head-losses
D. Low head
B. Head capacity
E. Low-flow/high head conditions
C. Wet-well storage F. None of the Above
Ventilation
85. Ventilation and heating are required if the ____________includes an area routinely entered
by personnel.
A. Lift station
D. Motor control center (MCC) rooms
B. Dry-well ventilation codes
E. Lift station
C. Ventilation systems
F. None of the Above
86. _________________ is particularly important to prevent the collection of toxic and/or
explosive gases. According to the Nation Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Section 820, all
continuous ventilation systems should be fitted with flow detection devices connected to alarm
systems to indicate ventilation system failure.
A. Ventilation
D. Motor control center (MCC) rooms
B. Dry-well ventilation codes
E. Lift station
C. Ventilation systems
F. None of the Above
87. _________________ typically require six continuous air changes per hour or 30 intermittent
air changes per hour. Wet-wells typically require 12 continuous air changes per hour or 60
intermittent air changes per hour.
A. Ventilation
D. Motor control center (MCC) rooms
B. Dry-well ventilation codes
E. Lift station
C. Ventilation systems
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
88. _____________ should have a ventilation system adequate to provide six air changes per
hour and should be air conditioned to between 13 and 32 degrees Celsius (55 to 90 degrees F).
If the control room is combined with an MCC room, the temperature should not exceed 30
degrees C or 85 degrees F. All other spaces should be designed for 12 air changes per hour.
The minimum temperature should be 13 degrees C (55 degrees F) whenever chemicals are
stored or used.
A. Ventilation
D. Motor control center (MCC) rooms
B. Dry-well ventilation codes
E. Lift station
C. Ventilation systems
F. None of the Above
Odor Control
89. Odor control is frequently required for lift stations. A relatively simple and widely used odor
control alternative is minimizing___________________.
A. Odor control
D. Biofilters
B. Chemicals
E. Wet-well turbulence
C. Ventilation systems
F. None of the Above
90. ________________include collection of odors generated at the lift station and treating them
in scrubbers or biofilters or the addition of odor control chemicals to the sewer upstream of the
lift station.
A. Odor control
D. Biofilters
B. Chemicals
E. More effective options
C. Ventilation systems
F. None of the Above
91. _______________typically used for odor control include chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, metal
salts (ferric chloride and ferrous sulfate) oxygen, air, and potassium permanganate.
A. Odor control
D. Biofilters
B. Chemicals
E. Lift station
C. Ventilation systems
F. None of the Above
92. _______________ should be closely monitored to avoid affecting downstream treatment
processes, such as extended aeration.
A. Odor control
D. Biofilters
B. Chemicals
E. Lift station
C. Ventilation systems
F. None of the Above
Performance
93. The overall performance of a lift station depends on the_________. All pumps have four
common performance characteristics: capacity, head, power, and overall efficiency.
A. Overall efficiency
D. Performance of the pump(s)
B. Capacity (flow rate)
E. Head
C. Efficiency
F. None of the Above
94. _________________ is the quantity of liquid pumped per unit of time, typically measured as
gallons per minute (gpm) or million gallons per day (mgd).
A. Overall efficiency
D. Capacity, head, power, and overall efficiency
B. Capacity (flow rate)
E. Head
C. Efficiency
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
95. _______________ is the energy supplied to the wastewater per unit weight, typically
expressed as feet of water.
A. Overall efficiency
D. Capacity, head, power, and overall efficiency
B. Capacity (flow rate)
E. Head
C. Efficiency
F. None of the Above
96. _______________is the energy consumed by a pump per unit time, typically measured as
kilowatt-hours.
A. Power
D. Capacity, head, power, and overall efficiency
B. Capacity (flow rate)
E. Head
C. Efficiency
F. None of the Above
97. __________________ is the ratio of useful hydraulic work performed to actual work input.
A. Overall efficiency
D. Capacity, head, power, and overall efficiency
B. Capacity (flow rate)
E. Head
C. Efficiency
F. None of the Above
98. __________________ reflects the pump relative power losses and is usually measured as
a percentage of applied power.
A. Overall efficiency
D. Capacity, head, power, and overall efficiency
B. Capacity (flow rate)
E. Head
C. Efficiency
F. None of the Above
Operation and Maintenance
99. ____________is usually automated and does not require continuous on-site operator
presence. However, frequent inspections are recommended to ensure normal functioning and to
identify potential problems.
A. On-site operator presence
D. Weekly inspections
B. Maintenance program
E. Lift station inspection
C. Lift station operation
F. None of the Above
100. _________________typically includes observation of pumps, motors and drives for
unusual noise, vibration, heating and leakage, check of pump suction and discharge lines for
valving arrangement and leakage, check of control panel switches for proper position,
monitoring of discharge pump rates and pump speed, and monitoring of the pump suction and
discharge pressure.
A. On-site operator presence
D. Weekly inspections
B. Maintenance program
E. Lift station inspection
C. Lift station operation
F. None of the Above
101. ___________ are typically conducted, although the frequency really depends on the size
of the lift station. If a lift station is equipped with grinder bar screens to remove coarse materials
from the wastewater, these materials are collected in containers and disposed of to a sanitary
landfill site as needed.
A. On-site operator presence
D. Weekly inspections
B. Maintenance program
E. Operation and maintenance manuals
C. Lift station
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
102. If the lift station has a for odor control, chemicals are supplied and replenished typically
every three months. If chemicals are added for_____________, the chemical feed stations
should be inspected weekly and chemicals replenished as needed.
A. On-site operator presence
D. Weekly inspection(s)
B. Maintenance program
E. Odor control ahead of the lift station
C. Scrubber system
F. None of the Above
103. The most labor-intensive task for lift stations is routine preventive maintenance. A wellplanned maintenance program for lift station pumps prevents unnecessary equipment wear and
downtime. Lift station operators must maintain_______________.
A. On-site operator presence
D. An inventory of critical spare parts
B. Maintenance program
E. Operation and maintenance manuals
C. Lift station
F. None of the Above
104. The operator should tabulate ______________and its recommended spare parts. This
information is typically available from the operation and maintenance manuals provided with the
lift station.
A. On-site operator presence
D. Weekly inspections
B. Maintenance program
E. Operation and maintenance manuals
C. Each pumping element in the system
F. None of the Above
Wastewater Collection Rules and Regulations
Rule to Protect Communities from Overflowing Sewers
105. The ___________has clarified and expanded permit requirements under the Clean Water
Act for 19,000 municipal sanitary sewer collection systems in order to reduce sanitary sewer
overflows.
A. Clean Water Act or CWA
D. EPA still retains oversight responsibilities
B. Water quality levels
E. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
C. Clean water legislation
F. None of the Above
106. The requirements will help communities improve some of_____________–our wastewater
collection systems–by requiring facilities to develop and implement new capacity, management,
operation, and maintenance programs and public notification programs.
A. Clean Water Act or CWA
D. Water quality standard(s)
B. EPA
E. Our Nation’s most valuable infrastructure
C. Congress
F. None of the Above
Clean Water Act (Rule) Summary
33 U.S.C. s/s 1251 et seq. (1977)
107. The Clean Water Act is a 1977 amendment to the______________ , which set the basic
structure for regulating discharges of pollutants to waters of the United States.
A. Clean Water Act or CWA
D. EPA still retains oversight responsibilities
B. Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972
E. Valuable wetlands
C. Clean water legislation
F. None of the Above
108. The law gave __________ the authority to set effluent standards on an industry basis
(technology-based) and continued the requirements to set water quality standards for all
contaminants in surface waters.
A. Clean Water Act or CWA
D. Water quality standard(s)
B. EPA
E. Public notification program(s)
C. Congress
F. None of the Above
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109. The CWA makes it unlawful for any person to discharge any pollutant from a point source
into navigable waters unless a permit (NPDES) is obtained under the ____________.
A. Act
D. EPA
B. Water quality levels
E. OSHA
C. Clean water legislation
F. None of the Above
110. _____________ focused on toxic pollutants. In 1987, the CWA was reauthorized and
again focused on toxic substances, authorized citizen suit provisions, and funded sewage
treatment plants (POTW's) under the Construction Grants Program.
A. Clean Water Act or CWA
D. Water quality standard(s)
B. EPA
E. The 1977 amendments
C. Congress
F. None of the Above
111. The CWA provisions for the delegation by the __________ of many permitting,
administrative, and enforcement aspects of the law to state governments. In states with the
authority to implement CWA programs, the EPA still retains oversight responsibilities.
A. Clean Water Act or CWA
D. EPA
B. Water quality levels
E. Valuable wetlands and other aquatic habitats
C. Clean water legislation
F. None of the Above
112. In 1972, Congress enacted the first comprehensive national clean water legislation in
response to growing public concern for serious and widespread water pollution. The _________
is the primary federal law that protects our nation’s waters, including lakes, rivers, aquifers, and
coastal areas. Lake Erie was dying.
A. Clean Water Act
D. Water quality standard(s)
B. EPA
E. Public notification program(s)
C. Congress
F. None of the Above
113. The _________primary objective is to restore and maintain the integrity of the nation's
waters. This objective translates into two fundamental national goals: eliminate the discharge of
pollutants into the nation's waters, and achieve water quality levels that are fishable and
swimmable.
A. Clean Water Act’s
D. EPA still retains oversight responsibilities
B. Water quality levels
E. Valuable wetlands and other aquatic habitats
C. Clean water legislation F. None of the Above
114. The ____________ focuses on improving the quality of the nation’s waters. It provides a
comprehensive framework of standards, technical tools and financial assistance to address the
many causes of pollution and poor water quality, including municipal and industrial wastewater
discharges, polluted runoff from urban and rural areas, and habitat destruction.
A. Clean Water Act D. Water quality standard(s)
B. EPA
E. Public notification program(s)
C. Congress
F. None of the Above
115. For example, the ____________ requires major industries to meet performance standards
to ensure pollution control; charges states and tribes with setting specific water quality criteria
appropriate for their waters and developing pollution control programs to meet them, provides
funding to states and communities to help them meet their clean water infrastructure needs.
A. Clean Water Act
D. EPA still retains oversight responsibilities
B. Water quality levels
E. Valuable wetlands and other aquatic habitats
C. Clean water legislation F. None of the Above
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The Future
116. All Americans will enjoy clean water that is safe for fishing and swimming. We will achieve
a net gain of wetlands by preventing additional losses and restoring hundreds of thousands of
acres of wetlands. ______________ into watersheds will be minimized, helping to sustain the
nation's farming economy and aquatic systems. The nation's waters will be free of effects of
sewage discharges.
A. Public health and water quality
D. Dissolved organics
B. Disrepair
E. Certain compounds and undesirable solids
C. Sanitary sewage overflows SSOs
F. None of the Above
CMOM - "Capacity, Management, Operation and Maintenance"
117. ____________________is vital to protect public health, property, and waterways in the
surrounding area. Most utilities have a management, operation, and maintenance (MOM) plan
to ensure their system is in working order.
A. Sanitary sewage overflows (SSOs)
D. Management, operation, and maintenance
B. Wastewater
E. Proper function of sanitary sewer systems
C. Clean decantible water
F. None of the Above
118. However, more than _____________occur every year, causing huge monetary losses,
damage to fish/shellfish beds, polluting groundwater, and decreased tourism.
A. Public health and water quality
D. Dissolved organics
B. Disrepair
E. Undesirable solids
C. 40,000 Sanitary sewage overflows SSOs
F. None of the Above
119. _______________ release raw sewage from the collection system before it can reach a
treatment facility. Sewage may flow out of manholes, into businesses and homes, and
eventually ends up in local waterways.
A. Sanitary sewage overflows (SSOs)
D. Management, operation, and maintenance
B. Wastewater
E. Full compliance with the Clean Water Act
C. Clean decantible water
F. None of the Above
120. Cities have used a wide variety of building materials, designs, and installation techniques,
which aren’t durable enough to withstand heavy, continuous use. ________can be especially
bad where an older system is attached to a new system or an older system has fallen into
disrepair.
A. Public health and water quality
D. Dissolved organics
B. Disrepair
E. Certain compounds and undesirable solids
C. Problems
F. None of the Above
121. The Management, Operation and Maintenance (MOM) Programs Project is a pilot
enforcement approach developed by ____________to bring municipal sewer systems into full
compliance with the Clean Water Act by eliminating sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) from
municipal sewer systems.
A. Clean Water Act D. Water quality standard(s)
B. EPA
E. EPA Region 4
C. Congress
F. None of the Above
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122. A SSO is a release of untreated wastewater before the flow reaches a treatment plant.
SSOs pose a significant threat to public health and______________ .
A. Public health and water quality
D. Dissolved organics
B. Disrepair
E. Certain compounds and undesirable solids
C. Water quality
F. None of the Above
Treatment Balance and the Effects of Undesirable Solids
123. For any _____________to operate properly, the operator has to maintain a skillfully
balanced mixture of microorganisms which contact and digest the organics in the wastewater,
and bacteria then grows on this media to treat the wastewater.
A. Sanitary sewage overflows (SSOs)
D. Management, operation, and maintenance
B. Wastewater
E. Full compliance with the Clean Water Act
C. Wastewater treatment plant
F. None of the Above
124. When a plant is properly maintained these bacteria or bugs eat the dissolved organics in
the water, thus removing_______ . All of these constituents must be treated and removed from
the water.
A. Public health and water quality
D. Dissolved organics
B. BOD, Ammonia, Nitrates, and Phosphorus
E. Certain compounds
C. Sanitary sewage overflows SSOs
F. None of the Above
125. When this is accomplished you achieve a low turbidity and clean decantible water which is
then filtered and chlorinated to kill all the remaining bacteria. This incredible process leaves
extremely clean and reusable water that can be injected back into the ground, sent to ponds or
used for___________________.
A. Irrigation
D. Management, operation, and maintenance
B. Wastewater
E. Full compliance with the Clean Water Act
C. Clean decantible water
F. None of the Above
126. ________________ and undesirable solids, like grease and grass clippings, can disturb
this delicate balance and necessary process at the wastewater treatment facility.
A. Public health and water quality
D. Dissolved organics
B. Disrepair
E. Certain compounds
C. Sanitary sewage overflows SSOs
F. None of the Above
127. There are compounds
sewer system.
A. Certain compounds
B. Wastewater
C. Clean decantible water
and ___________ that should never be introduced into a sanitary
D. Dissolved organics
E. Mixtures
F. None of the Above
128. These _______________include but are not limited to: cleaning solvents, grease (both
household and commercial), oils (both household and commercial), pesticides, herbicides,
antifreeze and other automotive products.
A. Deteriorating Sewer System
D. Badly connected sewer service lines
B. Pipe Failure(s)
E. Sanitary Sewer Overflows or (SSOs)
C. Destructive compounds
F. None of the Above
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129. The solids include but are not limited to: plastics, rubber goods, grass clippings, metal
products such as aluminum foil, beer or soda cans, wood products, glass, paper products such
as disposable diapers and sanitary napkins. Items such as these disturb or even kill the delicate
balance of microorganisms and bacteria that are needed to treat the wastewater. These will also
clog the sanitary sewer causing back-ups and ________.
A. SSOs occasionally occur
D. Poor sewer collection system management
B. Undersized Systems
E. Sewer overflows
C. Sewer Service Connections
F. None of the Above
What are Sanitary Sewer Overflows?
130. Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSOs) are discharges of raw sewage from____________ .
A. Deteriorating Sewer System
D. Municipal sanitary sewer systems
B. Pipe Failure(s)
E. Sanitary Sewer Overflows or (SSOs)
C. Destructive compounds
F. None of the Above
131. ___________can release untreated sewage into basements or out of manholes and onto
city streets, playgrounds, and into streams before it can reach a treatment facility. SSOs are
often caused by blockages and breaks in the sewer lines.
A. Deteriorating Sewer System
D. Badly connected sewer service lines
B. Pipe Failure(s)
E. SSOs
C. Destructive compounds
F. None of the Above
Why do Sewers Overflow?
132. __________ occasionally occur in almost every sewer system, even though systems are
intended to collect and contain all the sewage that flows into them. When SSOs happen
frequently, it means something is wrong with the system.
A. SSOs
D. Poor sewer collection system management
B. Undersized Systems
E. Back-ups and sewer overflows
C. Sewer Service Connections
F. None of the Above
Problems that Can Cause Chronic SSOs Include:
133.____________: too much rainfall or snowmelt infiltrating through the ground into leaky
sanitary sewers not designed to hold rainfall or to drain property, and excess water inflowing
through roof drains connected to sewers, broken pipes, and badly connected sewer service
lines.
A. Deteriorating Sewer System
D. Badly connected sewer service lines
B. Infiltration and Inflow (I&I)
E. Sanitary Sewer Overflows or (SSOs)
C. Destructive compounds
F. None of the Above
134. _____________: Sewers and pumps are too small to carry sewage from newly-developed
subdivisions or commercial areas.
A. SSOs occasionally occur
D. Poor sewer collection system management
B. Undersized Systems
E. Back-ups and sewer overflows
C. Sewer Service Connections
F. None of the Above
135. ______________: blocked, broken or cracked pipes, tree roots grow into the sewer,
sections of pipe settle or shift so that pipe joints no longer match, and sediment and other
material builds up causing pipes to break or collapse.
A. Deteriorating Sewer System
D. Badly connected sewer service lines
B. Pipe Failure(s)
E. Sanitary Sewer Overflows or (SSOs)
C. Destructive compounds
F. None of the Above
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136. ____________: discharges occur at sewer service connections to houses and other
buildings; some cities estimate that as much as 60% of overflows comes from the service lines.
A. SSOs occasionally occur
D. Poor sewer collection system management
B. Undersized Systems
E. Back-ups and sewer overflows
C. Sewer Service Connections
F. None of the Above
137. __________: improper installation, improper maintenance; widespread problems that can
be expensive to fix develop over time, some municipalities have found severe problems
necessitating billion-dollar correction programs, often communities have to curtail new
development until problems are corrected or system capacity is increased.
A. Deteriorating Sewer System
D. Badly connected sewer service lines
B. Pipe Failure(s)
E. Sanitary Sewer Overflows or (SSOs)
C. Destructive compounds
F. None of the Above
Why are SSOs a Problem?
138. The _____________ has found that SSOs caused by poor sewer collection system
management pose a substantial health and environmental challenge. The response to this
challenge varies considerably from state to state.
A. Clean Water Act or CWA
D. Water quality standard(s)
B. EPA
E. 1977 amendments
C. Congress
F. None of the Above
139. Many municipalities have asked for national consistency in the way permits are
considered for wastewater discharges, including ___________, and in enforcement of the law
prohibiting unpermitted discharges.
A. Deteriorating Sewer System
D. Badly connected sewer service lines
B. Pipe Failure(s)
E. SSOs
C. Destructive compounds
F. None of the Above
Combined Sewer Overflows
140. ________________ are sewers that are designed to collect rainwater runoff, domestic
sewage, and industrial wastewater in the same pipe.
A. Written MOM programs
D. Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW)
B. Program goal
E. Combined sewer systems
C. Water quality
F. None of the Above
141. Most of the time, ____________ transport all of their wastewater to a sewage treatment
plant, where it is treated and then discharged to a water body.
A. MOM program(s)
D. NPDES Compliance Inspection Manual
B. Combined sewer system(s )
E. Utility's CMOM or MOM programs
C. Utility's plan/schedule
F. None of the Above
142. During periods of heavy rainfall or snowmelt, however, the wastewater volume in a
combined sewer system can exceed the capacity of the sewer system or treatment plant. For
this reason, _________________are designed to overflow occasionally and discharge excess
wastewater directly to nearby streams, rivers, or other water bodies.
A. Written MOM programs
D. Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW)
B. Program goal
E. Combined sewer systems
C. Water quality
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
The Elements of a Proper CMOM Program
Utility Specific
143. The complexity and expense associated with a _____________ programs is specific to
the size and complexity of the Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) and related
infrastructure. Factors such as population growth rate and soil/groundwater conditions also
dictate the level of investment which should be made.
A. MOM program(s)
D. NPDES Compliance Inspection Manual
B. Combined sewer system(s )
E. Utility's CMOM or MOM
C. Utility's plan/schedule
F. None of the Above
Purposeful
144. When __________ are present and properly maintained, they support customer service
and protect system assets, public health, and water quality.
A. MOM programs
D. Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW)
B. Program goal
E. Combined sewer systems
C. Water quality
F. None of the Above
Goal-Oriented
145. _________________have goals directed toward their individual purposes. Progress
toward these goals is measurable, and the goals are attainable.
A. MOM program(s)
D. Proper MOM programs
B. Combined sewer system(s )
E. Utility's CMOM or MOM programs
C. Utility's plan/schedule
F. None of the Above
Uses Performance Measures
146. Performance measures should be established for each ___________in conjunction with
the program goal. These measures are quantifiable, and used in determining progress to, or
beyond, the program goal.
A. MOM program
D. Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW)
B. Program goal
E. Combined sewer systems
C. Water quality
F. None of the Above
Periodically Evaluated
147. An evaluation of the progress toward reaching the goals, or__________, should be made
periodically and based upon the quantified performance measures.
A. A reassessment of the goals
D. NPDES Compliance Inspection Manual
B. Combined sewer system(s )
E. Utility's CMOM or MOM programs
C. Utility's plan/schedule
F. None of the Above
Available In Writing
148. The effectiveness of a MOM program quickly breaks down unless it is available in writing.
Personnel turnover and lapses in communication between staff and management can change
otherwise proper MOM programs to improper ones. ________ are useful only if they are made
readily available to all personnel and clearly documented.
A. Written MOM programs
D. Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW)
B. Program goal
E. Combined sewer systems
C. Water quality
F. None of the Above
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Implemented by Trained Personnel
149.
Appropriate safety, equipment, technical, and program training is essential for
implementing _______________ properly.
A. MOM program(s)
D. NPDES Compliance Inspection Manual
B. Combined sewer system(s )
E. Utility's CMOM or MOM programs
C. Utility's plan/schedule
F. None of the Above
What MOM programs should be audited?
150. ________at a utility involves its entire wastewater infrastructure. Common utility
management activities and operations and maintenance activities associated with sewer
systems and pretreatment are listed in the Self-Audit Review Document.
A. Written MOM programs
D. Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW)
B. Program goal
E. MOM activity
C. Water quality
F. None of the Above
151. If a utility owns treatment works or a pond system, then activities associated with the
management, operation, and maintenance of these facilities should also be included in the
audit. A helpful guide for this part is the ____________. Instruction for obtaining this manual is
provided in a list of references.
A. MOM program(s)
D. NPDES Compliance Inspection Manual
B. Combined sewer system(s )
E. Utility's CMOM or MOM programs
C. Utility's plan/schedule
F. None of the Above
What are the elements of a proper Self-Audit?
Initial Assessment
152. Begin by performing a general assessment of the utility, and prioritizing the order of
programs to be audited. The ______________may be useful references in making this
assessment.
A. Written MOM programs
D. Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW)
B. Program goal
E. NPDES Compliance Inspection Manual and Guidance
C. Water quality
F. None of the Above
Develop the Audit Plan
153. Identify the MOM programs present and/or needed at the utility, establish performance
measures, and___________________.
A. MOM program(s)
D. NPDES Compliance Inspection Manual
B. Combined sewer system(s )
E. Develop a schedule for auditing the programs
C. Utility's plan/schedule
F. None of the Above
Conduct the Audit
154. Evaluate each MOM program against the defined elements of a proper program. This can
be accomplished by reviewing the program's records and resources, conducting a field
evaluation, and comparing the program understanding of________________.
A. CMOM regulation(s)
D. Preventative operations
B. Both personnel and management
E. Recurrent SSOs
C. NPDES permit authority
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
Identify Deficiencies
155.
Define any programs needed, or improvements to programs needed, and any
______________ found. Identify any unpermitted discharges which have occurred in the past
five years.
A. Infrastructure deficiencies
D. Raw sewage
B. Unpermitted discharges
E. Infiltration and inflow
C. SSOs
F. None of the Above
Develop Improvement Plan
156. Define the utility's plan/schedule to remediate the____________. This plan should include
any short-term or long-term program improvements, and any short-term or long-term capital
improvements which need addressing.
A. Necessary improvements
D. Preventative operations
B. Routine operation(s)
E. Recurrent SSOs
C. NPDES permit authority
F. None of the Above
Prepare the Self-Audit Report
157. Generate a report of the________, including any deficiencies found and the corresponding
improvement plan, which is useful for the utility. This report should be capable of serving the
utility as a reference when conducting any needed remedial measures, and as a reference to
compare current performance with future self-audit results.
A. Audit results
D. Raw sewage
B. Unpermitted discharges
E. Infiltration and inflow
C. SSOs
F. None of the Above
Are there federal grants or other compliance assistance resources available to conduct a
Self-Audit?
158. Currently, there are no funds available for the specific purpose of conducting a MOM
Programs Self-Audit. However, the ____________ offers a number of financial resources to
assist qualified utilities in making improvements to their programs.
A. Utility's plan/schedule
D. Both personnel and management
B. MOM Programs Self-Audit
E. Office of Wastewater Management
C. SSOs
F. None of the Above
What Health Risks do SSOs present?
159. Because ___________ contain raw sewage they can carry bacteria, viruses, protozoa
(parasitic organisms), helminths (intestinal worms), and borroughs (inhaled molds and fungi).
The diseases they may cause range in severity from mild gastroenteritis (causing stomach
cramps and diarrhea) to life-threatening ailments such as cholera, dysentery, infectious
hepatitis, and severe gastroenteritis.
A. Self-audit results
D. Raw sewage
B. Unpermitted discharges
E. Infiltration and inflow
C. SSOs
F. None of the Above
People can be Exposed Through:
160. ____________________such as basements, lawns or streets, or waters used for
recreation. At least one study has estimated a direct relationship between gastrointestinal illness
contracted while swimming and bacteria levels in the water.
A. Utility's plan/schedule
D. Both personnel and management
B. MOM Programs Self-Audit
E. Capacity and/or reliability
C. SSOs
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
161. Shellfish harvested from areas contaminated by _______________. One study indicates
that an average of nearly 700 cases of illness per year were reported in the 1980s from eating
shellfish contaminated by sewage and other sources. The number of unreported cases is
estimated to be 20 times that.
A. Self-audit results
D. Raw sewage
B. Unpermitted discharges
E. Infiltration and inflow
C. SSOs
F. None of the Above
What other Damage can SSOs do?
162. ______________ also damage property and the environment. When basements flood, the
damaged area must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected to reduce the risk of disease.
Cleanup can be expensive for homeowners and municipalities. Rugs, curtains, flooring,
wallboard panels, and upholstered furniture usually must be replaced.
A. Utility's plan/schedule
D. Both personnel and management
B. MOM Programs Self-Audit
E. Capacity and/or reliability
C. SSOs
F. None of the Above
163. A key concern with ____________ that enter oceans, bays, estuaries, rivers, lakes,
streams, or brackish waters is their effect on water quality. When bodies of water cannot be
used for drinking water, fishing, or recreation, society experiences an economic loss.
A. Self-audit results
D. Raw sewage
B. Unpermitted discharges
E. Infiltration and inflow
C. SSOs
F. None of the Above
How can SSOs be Reduced or Eliminated?
164. Many avoidable ____________ are caused by inadequate or negligent operation or
maintenance, inadequate system capacity, and improper system design and construction.
These SSOs can be reduced or eliminated by: Sewer system cleaning and maintenance.
A. Utility's plan/schedule
D. Both personnel and management
B. MOM Programs Self-Audit
E. Capacity and/or reliability
C. SSOs
F. None of the Above
165. Reducing _____________ through system rehabilitation and repairing broken or leaking
service lines.
A. Self-audit results
D. Raw sewage
B. Unpermitted discharges
E. Infiltration and inflow
C. SSOs
F. None of the Above
166. Enlarging or upgrading sewer, pump station, or sewage treatment plant capacity and/or
________________.
A. Utility's plan/schedule
D. Reliability
B. MOM Programs Self-Audit
E. Preventative operations
C. SSOs
F. None of the Above
167. Construction of wet weather storage and treatment facilities to treat_________.
A. Utility's plan/schedule
D. Excess flows
B. MOM Programs Self-Audit
E. Capacity and/or reliability
C. SSOs
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
168. Communities also should address ______________ during sewer system master planning
and facilities planning, or while extending the sewer system into previously unsewered areas.
A. Utility's plan/schedule
D. Both personnel and management
B. MOM Programs Self-Audit
E. Capacity and/or reliability
C. SSOs
F. None of the Above
169. A few SSOs may be unavoidable. _____________include those occurring from
unpreventable vandalism, some types of blockages, extreme rainstorms, and acts of nature
such as earthquakes or floods.
A. Utility's plan/schedule
D. Unavoidable SSOs
B. MOM Programs Self-Audit
E. Capacity and/or reliability
C. SSOs
F. None of the Above
CMOM Audits
170. CMOM will require regular, comprehensive audits, done by each facility. These audits will
help identify non-conformance to _________________ so problems can be addressed quickly.
All findings, proposed corrective actions and upcoming improvements should be documented in
the audit report.
A. CMOM regulation(s)
D. Preventative operations
B. Routine operation(s)
E. Recurrent SSOs
C. NPDES permit authority
F. None of the Above
Communication/Notification
171. If an SSO occurs, sanitary sewer facilities will be required to immediately notify the
NPDES permit authority, appropriate health agencies, state authorities, drinking water suppliers,
and, if necessary, the general public in the risk area. This rule will also require an annual report
of all overflows, including minor_______________ .
A. Categorical pretreatment standards
D. Violation of the general prohibitions
B. Pass through
E. SSOs such as building backups
C. Discharge(s)
F. None of the Above
172. Facilities must post locations of __________ and let the public know that the annual report
is available to them. The record keeping provisions mandate that facilities must maintain
records for three years about all overflows, complaints, work orders on the system, and
implementation measures.
A. CMOM regulation(s)
D. Preventative operations
B. Routine operation(s)
E. Recurrent SSOs
C. NPDES permit authority
F. None of the Above
Routine Preventative O&M Activities – Wastewater Collection Lines
173. __________ for wastewater collection lines shall be performed by the system’s personnel
and outside contractors. A qualified outside contractor can also be utilized to perform hydraulic
cleaning using a jet hydro-vac combination truck and mechanical cleaning using a rodding
machine.
A. CMOM regulation(s)
D. Preventative operations
B. Routine operation(s)
E. Routine preventative operations and maintenance activities
C. NPDES permit authority F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
174. __________________ including cleaning and removing roots from small and large
diameter lines. The system’s goal should be a minimum of cleaning between 20-30% of the
sewers every year.
A. CMOM regulation(s)
D. Preventative operations
B. Routine operation(s)
E. Routine operations and maintenance activities
C. NPDES permit authority
F. None of the Above
Prohibited Discharge Standards
175.
General prohibitions forbid the discharge of any pollutant(s) to a POTW that
cause______________ . Specific prohibitions forbid eight categories of pollutant discharges as
follows: Discharges containing pollutants which create a fire or explosion hazard in the POTW,
including but not limited to, wastestreams with a closed cup flashpoint of less than 140°F (60°C)
using the test methods specified in 40 CFR §261.21;
A. Interference or pass through
D. Eight categories of pollutant discharges
B. Discharge or discharges
E. Categorical pretreatment standards and local limits
C. POTW
F. None of the Above
176. Discharges containing pollutants causing corrosive structural damage to the POTW, but in
no case discharges with a pH lower than 5.0, unless the POTW is specifically designed to
accommodate such ___________________.
A. Categorical pretreatment standards
D. Violation of the general prohibitions
B. Pass through
E. Flow rate and/or concentration
C. Discharge(s)
F. None of the Above
177. ___________ containing pollutants in amounts causing obstruction to the flow in the
POTW
resulting in interference.
A. Interference or pass through
D. Eight categories of pollutant discharges
B. Discharges
E. Categorical pretreatment standards and local limits
C. POTW
F. None of the Above
178. ______________ of any pollutants released at a flow rate and/or concentration which will
cause
interference with the POTW.
A. Categorical pretreatment standards
D. Violation of the general prohibitions
B. Pass through
E. Flow rate and/or concentration
C. Discharge(s)
F. None of the Above
179. Discharges of petroleum oil, non-biodegradable cutting oil, or products of mineral oil origin
in amounts that will cause _________________.
A. Interference or pass through
D. Eight categories of pollutant discharges
B. Discharge or discharges
E. Categorical pretreatment standards and local limits
C. POTW
F. None of the Above
180. ______________ which result in the presence of toxic gases, vapors, or fumes within the
POTW in a quantity that may cause acute worker health and safety problems.
A. Categorical pretreatment standards
D. Violation of the general prohibitions
B. Pass through
E. Flow rate and/or concentration
C. Discharge(s)
F. None of the Above
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181. _______________, except at discharge points designated by the POTW.
A. Interference or pass through
D. Eight categories of pollutant discharges
B. Discharge or discharges
E. Discharges of trucked or hauled pollutants
C. POTW
F. None of the Above
Categorical Standards
182. Categorical pretreatment standards (i.e., categorical standards) are national, uniform,
technology-based standards that apply to discharges to POTWs from specific industrial
categories (i.e., indirect dischargers) and limit the____________.
A. Categorical pretreatment standards
D. Violation of the general prohibitions
B. Pass through
E. Flow rate and/or concentration
C. Discharge of specific pollutants
F. None of the Above
183. ________ for both existing and new sources (PSES and PSNS, respectively) are
promulgated by the EPA pursuant to Section 307(b) and (c) of the CWA.
A. Categorical pretreatment standards
D. Violation of the general prohibitions
B. Pass through
E. Flow rate and/or concentration
C. Discharge(s)
F. None of the Above
184. ______________developed for indirect discharges are designed to prevent the discharge
of pollutants that could pass through, interfere with, or otherwise be incompatible with POTW
operations. Effluent limitations guidelines (ELGs), developed in conjunction with categorical
standards, limit the discharge from facilities directly to waters of the U.S. (i.e., direct
dischargers) and do not apply to indirect dischargers.
A. Interference or pass through
D. Eight categories of pollutant discharges
B. Discharge or discharges
E. Categorical pretreatment standards and local limits
C. Limitations
F. None of the Above
Confined Space Entry Program
Purpose
185. The Confined Space Entry Program is provided to protect authorized employees that will
enter confined spaces and may be______________, engulfment in materials, conditions which
may trap or asphyxiate due to converging or sloping walls, or contains any other safety or health
hazards.
A. Engulfing an entrant
D. Recognized serious safety or health hazard
B. Hazardous atmospheres
E. Exposed to hazardous atmospheres
C. An internal configuration
F. None of the Above
Scope
186. You are required to recognize the _______________associated with confined spaces, and
this program is designed to assist you in the safety of and compliance with the OSHA standards
associated with such.
A. An internal configuration
D. Dangers and hazards
B. Hazardous atmosphere
E. Atmospheric factors and physical agents
C. Permit-Required Confined Space F. None of the Above
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Definitions
Confined space:
187. Is large enough or so configured that an employee can_________________.
A. Engulfing an entrant
D. Recognized serious safety or health hazard
B. Bodily enter and perform work
E. Continuous employee occupancy
C. An internal configuration
F. None of the Above
188. Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (i.e. tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins,
hoppers, vaults, and pits are spaces that may have______________________).
A. An internal configuration D. Entry or exit
B. Hazardous atmosphere E. Atmospheric factors and physical agents
C. Limited means of entry F. None of the Above
189. Is not designed for ____________________.
A. Engulfing an entrant
D. Recognized serious safety or health hazard
B. Hazardous atmospheres
E. Continuous employee occupancy
C. An internal configuration
F. None of the Above
190. Permit required confined space (permit space), is a confined space that has one or more
of the following characteristics: Contains or has a potential to contain a _________________.
A. An internal configuration
D. Entry or exit
B. Hazardous atmosphere
E. Atmospheric factors and physical agents
C. Permit-Required Confined Space F. None of the Above
191. Contains a material that has the______________________.
A. Engulfing an entrant
D. Recognized serious safety or health hazard
B. Hazardous atmospheres
E. Continuous employee occupancy
C. Potential for engulfing an entrant F. None of the Above
192. Has an internal configuration such that _______________could be trapped or asphyxiated
by inwardly covering walls or by a floor which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller crosssection.
A. An internal configuration
D. An entrant
B. Hazardous atmosphere
E. Atmospheric factors and physical agents
C. Permit-Required Confined Space F. None of the Above
193. Contains any other recognized serious safety or_______________.
A. Engulfing an entrant
D. Health hazard
B. Hazardous atmospheres
E. Continuous employee occupancy
C. An internal configuration
F. None of the Above
194. Each ______________will be marked "Confined Space - Entry Permit Required".
A. An internal configuration
D. Entry or exit
B. Hazardous atmosphere
E. Atmospheric factors and physical agents
C. Permit-Required Confined Space F. None of the Above
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Confined Space Hazards
195. Fatalities and injuries constantly occur among construction workers who, during the
course of their jobs, are required to enter_________________. In some circumstances, these
workers are exposed to multiple hazards, any of which may cause bodily injury, illness, or
death.
A. An internal configuration
D. Entry or exit
B. Hazardous atmosphere
E. Confined spaces
C. Permit-Required Confined Space F. None of the Above
196. Newspaper and magazine articles abound with stories of workers injured and killed from a
variety of atmospheric factors and physical agents. Throughout the construction jobsite,
contractors and workers encounter both inherent and _______________within confined
workspaces.
A. An internal configuration
D. Induced hazards
B. Hazardous atmosphere
E. Atmospheric factors and physical agents
C. Permit-Required Confined Space F. None of the Above
Inherent Hazards
197 _____________________, such as electrical, thermal, chemical, mechanical, etc., are
associated with specific types of equipment and the interactions among them.
A. Inherent hazards
D. Recognized serious safety or health hazard
B. Hazardous atmospheres E. Continuous employee occupancy
C. An internal configuration F. None of the Above
198. Examples include high voltage (shock or corona discharge and the resulting burns),
radiation generated by equipment, _____________________, omission of protective features
(no provision for grounding non-current-carrying conductive parts), high or low temperatures,
high noise levels, and high-pressure vessels and lines (rupturing with resultant release of
fragments, fluids, gases, etc.).
A. An internal configuration
D. Defective design
B. Hazardous atmosphere
E. Atmospheric factors and physical agents
C. Permit-Required Confined Space F. None of the Above
199. Inherent hazards usually cannot be eliminated without degrading the system or
equipment, or without making them inoperative. Therefore, emphasis must be placed on
___________________.
A. Hazard control methods
D. Recognized serious safety or health hazard
B. Hazardous atmospheres
E. Continuous employee occupancy
C. An internal configuration
F. None of the Above
Induced Hazards
200. Induced hazards arise, and are induced from, a multitude of _________________and
actions that occur during the actual construction process.
A. Incorrect decisions
D. Build-up of explosive gases
B. Below-grade location
E. Oxygen-deficient atmospheres
C. Vibration
F. None of the Above
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Understanding Gravity Sanitary Sewers
201.
Sanitary sewers are designed to transport the wastewater by utilizing the
__________provided by the natural elevation of the earth resulting in a downstream flow. This
energy, if not designed properly, can cause losses due to free falls, turbulent junctions, and
sharp bends.
A. Potential energy
D. Flow velocities and design depths of flow
B. Peak flow of population E. SSO
C. Wastewater
F. None of the Above
202. Sewer systems are designed to maintain proper flow velocities with______________.
A. Design flow(s)
D. Both wet and dry weather flows
B. Stormwater inflow
E. Minimum head loss
C. I/I
F. None of the Above
203. ____________may find it necessary to dissipate excess potential energy.
A. I/I
D. Flow velocities and design depths of flow
B. Peak flow of population
E. Higher elevations in the system
C. Wastewater
F. None of the Above
204. Design flows are based on the quantity of wastewater to be transported. _______is
determined largely by population served, density of population, and water consumption.
A. Design flow(s)
D. Both wet and dry weather flows
B. Stormwater inflow
E. Low pressure in the sewer system
C. Flow
F. None of the Above
205. Sanitary sewers should be designed for _______________.
A. I/I
D. Flow velocities and design depths of flow
B. Peak flow of population
E. SSOs, surcharged lines, basement backups
C. Wastewater
F. None of the Above
206. ____________ is highly discouraged and should be designed separate from the sanitary
system.
A. Design flow(s)
D. Both wet and dry weather flows
B. Stormwater inflow
E. Low pressure in the sewer system
C. I/I
F. None of the Above
207. Gravity-flow sanitary sewers are usually designed to follow the topography of the land and
to flow full or nearly full at peak rates of flow and partly full at lesser flows. Most of the time the
flow surface is exposed to the atmosphere within the sewer and it functions as____________.
A. I/I
D. Flow velocities and design depths of flow
B. Peak flow of population
E. SSOs, surcharged lines, basement backups
C. An open channel
F. None of the Above
208. At extreme peak flows the wastewater will surcharge back into the manholes.
_____________ produces low pressure in the sewer system.
A. This surcharge
D. Both wet and dry weather flows
B. Stormwater inflow
E. Low pressure in the sewer system
C. I/I
F. None of the Above
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209. In order to design a sewer system, many factors are considered. The purpose of this topic
is to aid in the understanding of _____________. The ultimate goal for our industry is to protect
the health of the customers we serve. This is achieved by prevention of sewer manhole
overflows.
A. I/I
D. Flow velocities and design depths of flow
B. Peak flow of population
E. SSOs, surcharged lines, basement backups
C. Wastewater
F. None of the Above
Sewer System Capacity Evaluation - Testing and Inspection
210. The collection system owner or operator should have a program in place to periodically
evaluate the _______________in both wet and dry weather flows and ensure the capacity is
maintained as it was designed.
A. Design flow(s)
D. Capacity of the sewer system
B. Stormwater inflow
E. Low pressure in the sewer system
C. I/I
F. None of the Above
211. The capacity evaluation program builds upon ongoing activities and the everyday
preventive maintenance that takes place in a system. The capacity evaluation begins with an
inventory and characterization of the__________________.
A. I/I
D. Flow velocities and design depths of flow
B. System components
E. SSOs, surcharged lines, basement backups
C. Wastewater
F. None of the Above
212. The system then undergoes general inspection which serves to continuously update and
add to the______________________.
A. Design flow(s)
D. Inventory information
B. Stormwater inflow
E. Low pressure in the sewer system
C. I/I
F. None of the Above
Capacity Limitations
213. The next step in the capacity evaluation is to identify the location of wet weather
related_________________, surcharged lines, basement backups, and any other areas of
known capacity limitations. These areas warrant further investigation in the form of flow and
rainfall monitoring and inspection procedures to identify and quantify the problem.
A. I/I
D. Flow velocities and design depths of flow
B. Peak flow of population
E. SSOs
C. Wastewater
F. None of the Above
214. The reviewer should determine that the capacity evaluation includes an estimate peak
flows experienced in the system, an estimate of the capacity of___________, and identifies
the major sources of I/I that contribute to hydraulic overloading events.
A. Design flow(s)
D. Both wet and dry weather flows
B. Stormwater inflow
E. Key system components
C. I/I
F. None of the Above
215. The capacity evaluation should also make use of a hydraulic model. This model will
help identify areas that need to alleviate__________________.
A. I/I
D. Flow velocities and design depths of flow
B. Peak flow of population
E. SSOs, surcharged lines, basement backups
C. Capacity limitations
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
216. Short and long term alternatives to address hydraulic deficiencies should be identified,
prioritized, and scheduled for implementation. A sewer inspection is an important part of a
sewer system capacity evaluation and determining your _______________.
A. Design flow(s)
D. Both wet and dry weather flows
B. Stormwater inflow
E. Low pressure in the sewer system
C. I/I
F. None of the Above
Flow Monitoring
217. Fundamental information about the collection system is obtained by flow monitoring. Flow
monitoring provides information on dry weather flows as well as areas of the collection system
potentially affected by ___________.
A. I/I
D. Flow velocities and design depths of flow
B. Peak flow of population
E. SSOs, surcharged lines, basement backups
C. Wastewater
F. None of the Above
218. ____________________may also be performed for billing purposes, to assess the need
for new sewers in a certain area, or to calibrate a model.
A. Design flow(s)
D. Both wet and dry weather flows
B. Stormwater inflow
E. Flow measurement
C. I/I
F. None of the Above
Flow Monitoring Plan
219. ______________should provide for routine inspection, service, and calibration checks (as
opposed to actual calibration). In some cases, the data is calibrated rather than the flow meter.
Checks should include taking independent water level (and ideally velocity readings), cleaning
accumulated debris and silt from the flow meter area, downloading data (sometimes only once
per month), and checking the desiccant and battery state. Records of each inspection should be
maintained.
A. Velocity
D. A flow monitoring plan
B. Infiltration
E. Sewer cleaning
C. RII
F. None of the Above
Flow Measurements
220. Flow measurements performed for the purpose of quantifying I/I are typically separated
into three components: base flow, infiltration, and inflow. Base flow is generally taken to mean
the wastewater generated without any ________________.
A. Stoppages
D. Inflow
B. Deposition of solids
E. Any I/I component
C. Infiltration
F. None of the Above
221. _________________ is the seepage of groundwater into pipes or manholes through
defects such as cracks, broken joints, etc.
A. Velocity
D. Blockage(s)
B. Infiltration
E. Sewer cleaning
C. RII
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
222. _______________ is the water which enters the sewer through direct connections such
as roof leaders, direct connections from storm drains or yard, area, and foundation drains, the
holes in and around the rim of manhole covers, etc.
A. Stoppages
D. Inflow
B. Deposition of solids
E. Any I/I component
C. Infiltration
F. None of the Above
223. Many collection system owners or operators add a third classification: rainfall induced
infiltration (RII). RII is ____________that enters the collection system through defects that lie
so close to the ground surface that they are easily reached.
A. Velocity
D. Blockage(s)
B. Infiltration
E. Sewer cleaning
C. Stormwater
F. None of the Above
224. Although not from piped sources, ____________tends to act more like inflow than
infiltration.
A. Stoppages
D. Inflow
B. Deposition of solids
E. RII
C. Infiltration
F. None of the Above
225. In addition to the use of flow meters, which may be expensive for a small owner or
operator, other methods of inspecting flows may be employed, such as visually monitoring
manholes during low-flow periods to determine areas with_________________. For a very
small system, this technique may be an effective and low-cost means of identifying problem
areas in the system which require further investigation.
A. Velocity
D. Blockage(s)
B. Infiltration
E. Excessive I/I
C. RII
F. None of the Above
Flow Capacity
226. Most sewers are designed with the capacity to flow half full for less than 15 inches in
diameter; larger sewers are designed to flow at three-fourths flow. The velocity is based on
calculated peak flow, which is commonly considered to be twice the______________.
A. Average daily flow
D. Inflow
B. Deposition of solids
E. Any I/I component
C. Infiltration
F. None of the Above
227. A velocity in excess of 3.5 m/sec (10 fps) can be tolerated with proper consideration of
pipe material, abrasive characteristics of the wastewater, ____________, and thrust at changes
of direction.
A. Velocity
D. Blockage(s)
B. Infiltration
E. Sewer cleaning
C. RII
F. None of the Above
228. The minimum velocity is necessary to prevent the _____________.
A. Stoppages
D. Inflow
B. Deposition of solids
E. Any I/I component
C. Infiltration
F. None of the Above
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Sewer Cleaning
229. The purpose of sewer cleaning is to remove accumulated material from the sewer.
Cleaning helps to prevent _____________ and is also used to prepare the sewer for
inspections.
A. Velocity
D. Blockage(s)
B. Infiltration
E. Sewer cleaning
C. RII
F. None of the Above
230. ______________ in gravity sewers are usually caused by a structural defect, poor
design, poor construction, an accumulation of material in the pipe (especially grease), or root
intrusion.
A. Stoppages
D. Inflow
B. Deposition of solids
E. Any I/I component
C. Infiltration
F. None of the Above
231. Protruding traps (lateral sewer connections incorrectly installed so that they protrude
into the main sewer) may catch debris, which then causes a further buildup of
__________that eventually block the sewer.
A. Velocity
D. Blockage(s)
B. Infiltration
E. Solids
C. RII
F. None of the Above
Sewer Cleaning Methods
232. There are three major methods of sewer cleaning: hydraulic, mechanical, and chemical.
Hydraulic cleaning (also referred to as flushing) refers to any application of water to clean the
pipe. Mechanical cleaning uses physical devices to scrape, cut, or pull______________.
A. Velocity
D. Blockage(s)
B. Infiltration
E. Sewer cleaning
C. Material from the sewer
F. None of the Above
233. Chemical cleaning can facilitate the control of odors, grease buildup, root growth,
corrosion, and insect and____________________.
A. Stoppages
D. Inflow
B. Deposition of solids
E. Rodent infestation
C. Infiltration
F. None of the Above
Sewer Cleaning Records
234. The backbone of an effective sewer cleaning program is accurate recordkeeping. Accurate
recordkeeping provides the collection system owner or operator with information on the areas.
The owner or operator should be able to identify ____________, preferably on a map.
A. Grease producing activities
D. Maximum flow capacity of wastewater
B. Problem collection system areas
E. Breakdown or malfunction
C. Infiltration
F. None of the Above
(s) means the answer may be plural or singular in nature.
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
235. ________________ identified should include those due to grease or industrial discharges,
hydraulic bottlenecks in the collection system, areas of poor design (e.g., insufficiently sloped
sewers), areas prone to root intrusion, sags, and displacements. The connection between
problem areas in the collection system and the preventive maintenance cleaning schedule
should be clear.
A. Both infiltration and inflow or I/I D. General I/I source areas
B. Inflow
E. Equipment problems
C. Potential problem areas
F. None of the Above
236. The owner or operator should also be able to identify the number of stoppages
experienced per mile of sewer pipe. If the system is experiencing a steady increase in
stoppages, the reviewer should try to determine the cause (i.e., lack of preventive maintenance
funding, deterioration of the sewers due to age, an increase in_________________, etc.).
A. Grease producing activities
D. Maximum flow capacity of wastewater
B. Problem collection system areas
E. Breakdown or malfunction
C. Infiltration
F. None of the Above
Parts and Equipment Inventory
237. An inventory of spare parts, equipment, and supplies should be maintained by the
collection system owner or operator. The inventory should be based on the equipment
manufacturer’s recommendations, supplemented by historical experience with __________.
A. Both infiltration and inflow or I/I D. Maintenance and equipment problems
B. Inflow
E. Equipment problems
C. Potential problem areas
F. None of the Above
238. Without such an inventory, the collection system may experience long down times or
periods of inefficient operation in the event of a ____________. Files should be maintained on
all pieces of equipment and major tools. The owner or operator should have a system to
assure that each crew member has adequate and correct tools for the job.
A. Grease producing activities
D. Maximum flow capacity of wastewater
B. Problem collection system areas
E. Breakdown or malfunction
C. Infiltration
F. None of the Above
Infiltration and Inflow
What is Infiltration/Inflow (I/I)?
239. _______________ occurs when groundwater enters the sewer system through cracks,
holes, faulty connections, or other openings.
A. Grease producing activities
D. Maximum flow capacity of wastewater
B. Problem collection system areas
E. Breakdown or malfunction
C. Infiltration
F. None of the Above
240. ________________ occurs when surface water such as storm water enters the sewer
system through roof downspout connections, holes in manhole covers, illegal plumbing
connections, or other defects.
A. Both infiltration and inflow or I/I D. General I/I source areas
B. Inflow
E. Equipment problems
C. Potential problem areas
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
241. The sanitary sewer collection system and treatment plants have a ___________ that can
be handled. I/I, which is essentially clean water, takes up this capacity and can result in sewer
overflows into streets and waterways, sewer backups in homes, and unnecessary costs for
treatment of this water.
A. Grease producing activities
D. Maximum flow capacity of wastewater
B. Problem collection system areas
E. Breakdown or malfunction
C. Infiltration
F. None of the Above
Determining I/I
242. Flow monitoring and flow modeling provide measurements and data used to determine
estimates of________________. Flow meters are placed at varying locations throughout the
sewer collection system to take measurements and identify general I/I source areas.
A. Both infiltration and inflow or I/I D. General I/I source areas
B. I/I
E. Equipment problems
C. Potential problem areas
F. None of the Above
243. Measurements taken before and after a precipitation event indicate the extent that
_______________ is increasing total flow.
A. Grease producing activities
D. Maximum flow capacity of wastewater
B. Problem collection system areas
E. I/I
C. Infiltration
F. None of the Above
244. Both ___________increase with precipitation. Infiltration increases when groundwater
rises from precipitation, and inflow is mainly stormwater and rainwater. Rainfall monitoring is
also performed to correlate this data.
A. Infiltration and inflow
D. Smoke testing and dyed water testing
B. High wet weather flows
E. Illegal plumbing, drains, and roof downspouts
C. Stormwater and rainwater
F. None of the Above
Identifying sources of I/I
245. A Sewer System Evaluation Survey (SSES) involves inspection of the sewer system using
several methods to identify sources of I/I: Visual inspection - accessible pipes, gutter and
plumbing connections, and manholes are visually inspected for _____________________.
A. Smoke
D. Sewer system testing techniques
B. Excessive I/I
E. Faults
C. Sources of I/I
F. None of the Above
246. Smoke testing – smoke is pumped into sewer pipes. Its reappearance aboveground
indicates points of _________________. These points can be on public property such as along
street cracks or around manholes, or on private property such as along house foundations or in
yards where sewer pipes lay underground.
A. I/I
D. Smoke testing and dyed water testing
B. High wet weather flows
E. Illegal plumbing, drains, and roof downspouts
C. Stormwater and rainwater
F. None of the Above
247. TV inspection – camera equipment is used to do ______________. The City will usually
have one 2-3 person crew that can perform TV inspection on over 20 miles of sewer pipe per
year.
A. Smoke
D. Sewer system testing techniques
B. Excessive I/I
E. Faults
C. Sources of I/I
F. None of the Above
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248. Dye testing – Dye is used at suspected ___________ sources. The source is confirmed if
the dye appears in the sewer system.
A. I/I
D. Smoke testing and dyed water testing
B. High wet weather flows
E. Illegal plumbing, drains, and roof downspouts
C. Stormwater and rainwater
F. None of the Above
249. ____________ are also sometimes identified when sewer backups or overflows bring
attention to that part of the system. The purpose of the SSES is to reduce these incidences by
finding sources before they cause a problem.
A. Smoke
D. Sewer system testing techniques
B. Excessive I/I
E. Faults
C. Sources of I/I
F. None of the Above
Repairing I/I Sources
250. Repair techniques include manhole wall spraying, Insituform pipe relining, manhole frame
and lid replacement, and disconnecting __________________.
A. I/I
D. Smoke testing and dyed water testing
B. High wet weather flows
E. Illegal plumbing, drains, and roof downspouts
C. Stormwater and rainwater
F. None of the Above
Efficient Identification of Excessive I/I
251. The owner or operator should have in place a program for the efficient identification of
________________. The program should look at the wastewater treatment plant, pump
stations, permanent meter flows, and rainfall data to characterize peaking factors for the whole
system and major drainage basins.
A. Smoke
D. Sewer system testing techniques
B. Excessive I/I
E. Faults
C. Sources of I/I
F. None of the Above
252. Temporary meters should be used on a “roving” basis to identify areas with high wet
weather flows. Areas with high wet weather flows should then be subject to____________.
A. I/I
D. Smoke testing and dyed water testing
B. High wet weather flows
E. Inspection and rehabilitation activities
C. Stormwater and rainwater
F. None of the Above
Sewer System Testing
253.
Sewer system testing techniques are often used to identify leaks which allow
__________________into the sewer system and determine the location of illicit connections
and other sources of stormwater inflow.
A. Smoke
D. Unwanted infiltration
B. Excessive I/I
E. Faults
C. Sources of I/I
F. None of the Above
254. Two commonly implemented techniques include_______________. Regardless of the
program(s) implemented by the owner or operator, the reviewer should evaluate any procedures
and records that have been established for these programs.
A. I/I
D. Smoke testing and dyed water testing
B. High wet weather flows
E. Illegal plumbing, drains, and roof downspouts
C. Stormwater and rainwater
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
255. __________is a relatively inexpensive and quick method of detecting sources of inflow in
sewer systems, such as down spouts, or driveway and yard drains, and works best suited for
detecting cross connections and point source inflow leaks.
A. Smoke
D. Sewer system testing techniques
B. Excessive I/I
E. Smoke testing
C. Sources of I/I
F. None of the Above
256. Smoke testing is not typically used on a routine basis, but rather when evidence of
excessive I/I already exists. With each end of the sewer of interest plugged, smoke is introduced
into the test section, Guide for Evaluating CMOM Programs at Sanitary Sewer Collection
Systems usually via a manhole. ____________can then be identified when smoke escapes
through them.
A. I/I
D. Smoke testing and dyed water testing
B. High wet weather flows
E. Sources of inflow
C. Stormwater and rainwater
F. None of the Above
257. The weather conditions in which __________is conducted (i.e., no rain or snow, little wind
and daylight only)
A. Smoke
D. Sewer system testing techniques
B. Excessive I/I
E. Smoke testing
C. Sources of I/I
F. None of the Above
258. The results of positive smoke tests should be documented with carefully labeled
photographs. Building inspections are sometimes conducted as part of a smoke testing
program and, in some cases, may be the only way to find______________.
A. I/I
D. Smoke testing and dyed water testing
B. High wet weather flows
E. Illegal connections
C. Stormwater and rainwater
F. None of the Above
259. If properly connected to the sanitary sewer system, smoke should exit the vent stacks of
the surrounding properties. If traces of the smoke or its odor enter the building, it is an
indication that ___________________may also be entering.
A. Smoke
D. Gases from the sewer system
B. Excessive I/I
E. Faults
C. Sources of I/I
F. None of the Above
Dye Testing
260. Dyed water testing may be used to establish the _____________to the sewer. It is often
used to confirm smoke testing or to test fixtures that did not smoke. As is the case with smoke
testing, it is not used on a routine basis, but rather in areas that have displayed high wet
weather flows.
A. Smoke testing
D. Presence of roots
B. Potential problem areas E. Connection of a fixture or appurtenance
C. I/I problems
F. None of the Above
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261. _________________can be used to identify structurally damaged manholes that might
create potential I/I problems. This is accomplished by flooding the area close to the suspected
manholes with dyed water and checking for entry of dyed water at the frame-chimney area,
cone or corbel, and walls of the manhole.
A. Smoke testing
D. The presence of roots
B. Potential problem areas E. Dyed water testing
C. I/I problems
F. None of the Above
Sewer System Inspection
262. ____________and pipelines are the first line of defense in the identification of existing or
potential problem areas.
A. Smoke testing
D. The presence of roots
B. Potential problem areas
E. Dyed water testing
C. Visual inspection of manholes
F. None of the Above
263. Visual inspections should take place on both a scheduled basis and as part of any
preventive or corrective maintenance activity. Visual inspections provide additional information
concerning the accuracy of system mapping, the presence and____________, and the physical
state-of-repair of the system.
A. Smoke testing
D. The presence of roots
B. Potential problem areas E. Degree of I/I problems
C. I/I problems
F. None of the Above
264. By observing the manhole directly and the incoming and outgoing lines with a
__________, it is possible to determine structural condition, the presence of roots, condition of
joints, depth of debris in the line, and depth of flow.
A. Smoke testing
D. The presence of roots
B. Potential problem areas E. Dyed water testing
C. I/I problems
F. None of the Above
Sewer System Inspection Techniques
265. ________________is an important component of any maintenance program. There are a
number of inspection techniques that may be employed to inspect a sewer system. The
reviewer should determine if an inspection program includes frequency and schedule of
inspections and procedures to record the results.
A. Lamping
D. Sewer inspection
B. Camera inspection
E. Sewer scanner and evaluation
C. Sonar
F. None of the Above
266. Sewer system cleaning should always be considered before _______________is
performed in order to provide adequate clearance and inspection results.
A. Sewer system cleaning
D. Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) inspections
B. Capacity evaluation
E. Confined space entry
C. Inspection
F. None of the Above
(s) means the answer may be plural or singular in nature.
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Camera Inspection
267. ___________involves lowering a still camera into a manhole. The camera is lined up with
the centerline of the junction of the manhole frame and sewer. A picture is the taken down the
pipe with a strobe-like flash.
A. Lamping
D. Procedures to record the results
B. Camera inspection
E. Sewer scanner and evaluation
C. Sonar
F. None of the Above
268. A disadvantage of this technique is that only the first 10-12 feet of the pipe can be
inspected upstream and downstream of the access point. Additionally, it has limited use in small
diameter sewers. The benefits of this technique include not requiring __________ and little
equipment and set-up time is required.
A. Sewer system cleaning
D. Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) inspections
B. Capacity evaluation
E. Confined space entry
C. Trenchless technologies F. None of the Above
269. Camera inspection is more comprehensive than ___________ in that more of the sewer
can be viewed. A still camera is mounted on a floatable raft and released into a pipe. The
camera takes pictures with a strobe-like flash as it floats through the sewer pipe.
A. Lamping
D. Procedures to record the results
B. Camera inspection
E. Sewer scanner and evaluation
C. Sonar
F. None of the Above
270. This technique also does not fully capture the invert of the pipe and its condition. Sonar is
a newer technology deployed similarly to______________.
A. Lamping
D. CCTV cameras
B. Camera inspection
E. Sewer scanner and evaluation
C. Sonar
F. None of the Above
271. The __________emits a pulse which bounces off the walls of the sewer. The time it takes
for this pulse to bounce back provides data and an image of the interior of the pipe, including its
structural condition. A benefit of this technique is that it can be used in flooded or inaccessible
sections of the sewer. The drawback is that the technique requires heavy and expensive
equipment.
A. Sonar
D. Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) inspections
B. Capacity evaluation
E. Confined space entry
C. Trenchless technologies F. None of the Above
272. Sewer scanner and evaluation is an experimental technology where a 360 degree scanner
produces a full digital photograph of the interior of the pipe. This technique is similar to sonar in
that a more complete image of a pipe can be made than with___________, but not all types of
sewer defects may be identified as readily (i.e., infiltration, corrosion).
A. Lamping
D. CCTV
B. Camera inspection
E. Sewer scanner and evaluation
C. Sonar
F. None of the Above
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Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) Inspections
273. ______________ are a helpful tool for early detection of potential problems.
A. Sewer system cleaning
D. Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) inspections
B. Capacity evaluation
E. Confined space entry
C. Trenchless technologies F. None of the Above
274. This technique involves a closed-circuit camera with a light which is self-propelled or
pulled down the pipe. As it moves it records the interior of the pipe. __________________may
be done on a routine basis as part of the preventive maintenance program, as well as part of an
investigation into the cause of I/I.
A. Lamping
D. CCTV inspections
B. Camera inspection
E. Sewer scanner and evaluation
C. Sonar
F. None of the Above
275. CCTV, however, eliminates the hazards associated with confined space entry. The output
is displayed on a monitor and videotaped. A benefit of ____________is that a permanent visual
record is captured for subsequent reviews.
A. Sewer system cleaning
D. CCTV inspection
B. Capacity evaluation
E. Confined space entry
C. Trenchless technologies F. None of the Above
Sewer System Rehabilitation
276. The collection system owner or operator should have a _________program. The objective
of sewer rehabilitation is to maintain the overall viability of a collection system. This is done in
three ways: (1) ensuring its structural integrity; (2) limiting the loss of conveyance and
wastewater treatment capacity due to excessive I/I; and (3) limiting the potential for groundwater
contamination by controlling exfiltration from the pipe network.
A. Sewer system cleaning
D. Sewer rehabilitation
B. Capacity evaluation
E. Confined space entry
C. Trenchless technologies F. None of the Above
277. The rehabilitation program should build on information obtained as a result of all forms of
maintenance and observations made as part of the __________to assure the continued ability
of the system to provide sales and service at the least cost. The reviewer should try to gain a
sense of how rehabilitation is prioritized. Priorities may be stated in the written program or may
be determined through interviews with system personnel.
A. Sewer system cleaning
D. Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) inspections
B. Capacity evaluation
E. Capacity evaluation and asset inventory
C. Trenchless technologies F. None of the Above
278. There are many rehabilitation methods; the choice of methods depends on pipe size, type,
location, dimensional changes, sewer flow, material deposition, surface conditions,
___________, and other physical factors. Non-structural repairs typically involve the sealing of
leaking joints in otherwise sound pipe.
A. A significant source of infiltration
D. Warm, moist, nutrient rich atmosphere
B. A serious source of I/I
E. Severity of I/I
C. Non-structural repairs
F. None of the Above
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279. ______________involve either the replacement of all or a portion of a sewer line, or the
lining of the sewer. These repairs can be carried out by excavating, usually for repairs limited
to one or two pipe segments (these are known as point repairs) or by trenchless technologies
(in which repair is carried out via existing manholes or a limited number of access
excavations).
A. Sanitary sewer service line
D. Structural repairs
B. Debris discharged
E. Cracks or loose joints in the sewer pipe
C. Rehabilitation program
F. None of the Above
280. The rehabilitation program should identify the methods that have been used in the past,
their success rating, and methods to be used in the future. A reviewer who wants further
guidance on methods of rehabilitation may consult the owner’s or operator’s policies regarding
service lateral rehabilitation, since service laterals can constitute _____________.
A. A significant source of infiltration D. Warm, moist, nutrient rich atmosphere
B. A serious source of I/I
E. Severity of I/I
C. Non-structural repairs
F. None of the Above
281. Manholes should not be neglected in the __________ program.
A. Sanitary sewer service line
D. Exert considerable pressure
B. Debris discharged
E. Cracks or loose joints in the sewer pipe
C. Rehabilitation
F. None of the Above
282. Manhole covers can allow significant inflow to enter the system because they are often
located in the__________________.
A. Sanitary sewer service line
D. Path of surface runoff
B. Debris discharged
E. Cracks or loose joints in the sewer pipe
C. Rehabilitation program
F. None of the Above
283. Manholes themselves can also be ___________ from cracks in the barrel of the
manhole. The owner or operator should be able to produce documentation on the location and
methods used for sewer rehabilitation.
A. A significant source of infiltration D. Warm, moist, nutrient rich atmosphere
B. A serious source of I/I
E. Severity of I/I
C. Non-structural repairs
F. None of the Above
Tree Roots vs. Sanitary Sewer Lines
Root Growth in Pipes
284. Roots require oxygen to grow, they do not grow in _____________or where high ground
water conditions prevail.
A. Sanitary sewer service line
D. Exert considerable pressure
B. Debris discharged
E. Cracks or loose joints in the sewer pipe
C. Pipes that are full of water
F. None of the Above
285. Roots thrive in the warm, moist, nutrient rich atmosphere above the water surface inside
sanitary sewers. The flow of warm water inside the sanitary sewer service pipe causes water
____________surrounding the pipe.
A. A significant source of infiltration D. Vapor to escape to the cold soil
B. A serious source of I/I
E. Severity of I/I
C. Non-structural repairs
F. None of the Above
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286. Tree roots are attracted to the water vapor leaving the pipe and they follow the vapor trail
to the source of the moisture, which are usually _____________ in the sewer pipe.
A. Sanitary sewer service line
D. Exert considerable pressure
B. Debris discharged
E. Cracks or loose joints
C. Rehabilitation program
F. None of the Above
287. Upon reaching the crack or pipe joint, _________________will penetrate the opening to
reach the nutrients and moisture inside the pipe. This phenomenon continues in winter even
though trees appear to be dormant.
A. A significant source of infiltration D. Tree roots
B. A serious source of I/I
E. Severity of I/I
C. Non-structural repairs
F. None of the Above
Problems Caused by Roots Inside Sewers
288. Once inside the pipe, roots will continue to grow, and if not disturbed, they will completely
fill the pipe with multiple hair-like root masses at each point of entry. The root mass inside the
_______________ becomes matted with grease, tissue paper, and other debris discharged
from the residence or business.
A. Sanitary sewer service line
D. Exert considerable pressure
B. Debris discharged
E. Cracks or loose joints in the sewer pipe
C. Rehabilitation program
F. None of the Above
289. Homeowners will notice the first signs of a ______________by hearing gurgling noises
from toilet bowls and observing wet areas around floor drains after completing the laundry.
A. A significant source of infiltration D. Slow flowing drainage system
B. A serious source of I/I
E. Severity of I/I
C. Non-structural repairs
F. None of the Above
290. A complete blockage will occur if no remedial action is taken to remove the
roots/blockage. As roots continue to grow, they expand and exert considerable pressure
__________where they entered the pipe.
A. Sanitary sewer service line
D. At the crack or joint
B. Debris discharged
E. Cracks or loose joints in the sewer pipe
C. Rehabilitation program
F. None of the Above
291. The force exerted by the root growth will break the pipe and may result in total collapse of
the pipe. ________________and pipes that are structurally damaged will require replacement.
A. A significant source of infiltration D. Severe root intrusion
B. A serious source of I/I
E. Severity of I/I
C. Non-structural repairs
F. None of the Above
Tree Roots in Sewer
292. Tree roots growing inside sewer pipes are generally the most expensive sewer
maintenance item experienced by City residents. Roots from trees growing on private property
and on parkways throughout the City are responsible for many of the sanitary sewer service
backups and_________________________.
A. Root intrusion
D. Sanitary sewer service backup(s)
B. Drought conditions
E. Damaged sewer pipes
C. Inflow and infiltration (I&I) F. None of the Above
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293. Homeowners should be aware of the location of their sewer service and refrain from
planting certain types of trees and hedges near the sewer lines. The replacement cost of a
sanitary sewer service line as a result of _____________may be very expensive.
A. Root intrusion
D. Copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide
B. Damage from tree roots E. The common method of removing roots
C. Tree roots
F. None of the Above
Pipes Susceptible to Root Damage
294. Some pipe material is more resistant to root intrusion than others. Clay tile pipe that was
commonly installed by developers and private contractors until the late 1980's is easily
penetrated and______________.
A. Root intrusion
D. Sanitary sewer service backup(s)
B. Drought conditions
E. Damaged by tree roots
C. Inflow and infiltration (I&I)
F. None of the Above
295. Concrete pipe and PVC pipe may also allow root intrusions, but to a lesser extent than
clay tile pipe. PVC pipe is more resistant to root intrusion because it usually has fewer joints.
The tightly fitting PVC joints are less likely to _______________as a result of settlement of
backfill around the pipe.
A. Root intrusion
D. Leak
B. Sewer service
E. The common method of removing roots
C. Tree roots
F. None of the Above
Root Spread
296. During drought conditions and in winter, tree roots travel long distances in search of
moisture. As a general rule, tree roots will extend up to 2.5 times the height of the tree, and
some species of trees may have roots extending _____________.
A. Root intrusion
D. Sanitary sewer service backup(s)
B. Drought conditions
E. Roots removed by auguring
C. Inflow and infiltration (I&I) F. None of the Above
Root Growth Control
297. The common method of removing roots from __________involves the use of augers, root
saws, and high pressure flushers. These tools are useful in releasing blockages in an
emergency, however, cutting and tearing of roots encourages new growth. The effect is the
same as pruning a hedge to promote faster, thicker, and stronger regrowth.
A. Root intrusion
D. Sanitary sewer service backup(s)
B. Sewer service
E. The common method of removing roots
C. Sanitary sewer service pipes
F. None of the Above
298. Roots removed by auguring are normally just a small fraction of the roots inside the pipe.
To augment the cutting and auguring methods, there are products available commercially that
will kill the roots inside the pipe without__________________.
A. Root intrusion
D. Sanitary sewer service backup(s)
B. Drought conditions
E. Roots removed by auguring
C. Inflow and infiltration (I&I) F. None of the Above
(s) means the answer may be plural or singular in nature.
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299. The use of products such as copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide are not recommended
because of negative environmental impacts on the____________. Also, these products may kill
the roots but they do not inhibit regrowth.
A. Root intrusion
D. Downstream receiving water
B. Sewer service
E. Method of removing roots
C. Tree roots
F. None of the Above
Smoking out Sewer Leaks
300. Used extensively for over 40 years, smoke testing has proven to be a vital ingredient of
successful inflow and infiltration (I&I) studies. It is as important now as it has ever been, as
growing municipalities increase demands on aging, often deteriorating collection systems. In
addition, programs such as the EPA’s new CMOM (capacity, maintenance, operations, and
maintenance) emphasize a focus on proactive, ___________________practices.
A. Preventive maintenance
D. Video inspection
B. Smoke testing
E. Inflow
C. Dye
F. None of the Above
301. ______________ is an effective method of documenting sources of inflow and should be
part of any CMOM program.
A. Smoke
D. Video inspection and other techniques
B. Smoke testing
E. Sources of inflow
C. CFM
F. None of the Above
302. ________________ is a relatively simple process, which consists of blowing smoke mixed
with larger volumes of air into the sanitary sewer line, usually induced through the manhole.
A. Smoke
D. Video inspection
B. Smoke testing
E. Inflow
C. Dye
F. None of the Above
303. The smoke travels the path of least resistance and quickly shows up at sites that
allow_______________.
A. Smoke
D. Video inspection and other techniques
B. Surface water inflow
E. Sources of inflow
C. CFM
F. None of the Above
304. _________________will identify broken manholes, illegal connections (including roof
drains, sump pumps, yard drains and more), uncapped lines, and will even shows cracked
mains and laterals providing there is a passageway for the smoke to travel to the surface.
A. Smoke
D. Video inspection
B. Smoke testing
E. Inflow
C. Dye
F. None of the Above
305. Although video inspection and other techniques are certainly important components
of________________, research has shown that approximately 65% of all extraneous
stormwater inflow enters the system from somewhere other than the main line.
A. An I&I survey
D. Video inspection and other techniques
B. Smoke testing
E. Sources of inflow
C. CFM
F. None of the Above
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306. Smoke testing is an excellent method of inspecting both the mainlines, laterals and more.
______________ travels throughout the system, identifying problems in all connected lines,
even sections of line that were not known to exist, or thought to be independent or unconnected.
Best results are obtained during dry weather, which allows smoke better opportunity to travel to
the surface.
A. Smoke
D. Video inspection
B. Smoke testing
E. Inflow
C. Dye
F. None of the Above
Necessary Equipment
307. Blowers; Most engineering specifications for smoke testing _____________able to provide
1750 cfm (cubic feet of air per minute), however in today’s world it seems to be the mindset that
bigger is better.
A. Smoke
D. Video inspection and other techniques
B. Smoke testing
E. Sources of inflow
C. CFM
F. None of the Above
308. Moving the air very quickly is useless if the blower does not have the static pressure to
push that air/smoke through the lines. If you’ve used _______________and found that smoke
frequently backs up to the surface, this may be your problem.
A. High CFM blowers
D. Video inspection
B. Smoke testing
E. Inflow
C. Dye
F. None of the Above
Blowers
309. There are two types of blowers available for smoke testing sewers: squirrel cage and
direct drive propeller. In general, squirrel cage blowers are usually larger in size, but can
provide more static pressure in relation to _____________.
A. Smoke
D. Video inspection and other techniques
B. Smoke testing
E. Sources of inflow
C. CFM
F. None of the Above
310. The output of the _______________ is usually adjustable by alternating pulleys and belts
to meet the demands of the job. Propeller style blowers are usually more compact and generally
offer approx. 3,200 CFM. Other than reducing the engine throttle, the output is not adjustable
since the fan blade is attached directly to the engine shaft.
A. Smoke
D. Video inspection
B. Smoke testing
E. Inflow
C. Dye
F. None of the Above
311. Smoke Types; There are two types of smoke currently offered for smoke testing sewers,
classic smoke candles and__________________.
A. Smoke fluids
D. Video inspection
B. Smoke testing
E. Smoke candles
C. Dye
F. None of the Above
(s) means the answer may be plural or singular in nature.
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312. ___________________ were first used for testing sewers when the process began its
popularity back in 1961, and continue to be the most widely used. They are used by simply
placing a smoke candle on the fresh air intake side of the blower.
A. Smoke fluids
D. Video inspection
B. Smoke testing
E. Smoke candles
C. Dye
F. None of the Above
313. Once ignited, the exiting smoke is drawn in with the fresh air and blown down into the
manhole and throughout the_____________________.
A. Manhole
D. Blocking off sections of line
B. Smoke fluid system
E. System
C. Heating chamber
F. None of the Above
314. ________________ are available in various sizes that can be used singularly or in
combination to meet any need. This type of smoke is formed by a chemical reaction, creating a
smoke which contains a high content of atmospheric moisture. It is very visible even at low
concentrations, and extremely effective at finding leaks.
A. Smoke fluids
D. Video inspection
B. Smoke testing
E. Smoke candles
C. Dye
F. None of the Above
315. Another available source of smoke is a smoke fluid system. Although they have just
recently been more aggressively marketed, ____________ became available for sewer testing
shortly after smoke candles, some 30 years ago. They can certainly be used effectively, but it is
important to understand how they work.
A. Smoke fluids
D. Video inspection
B. Smoke testing
E. Smoke candles
C. Dye
F. None of the Above
316. This system involves injecting a ____________ (usually a petroleum based product) into
the hot exhaust stream of the engine where it is heated within the muffler (or heating chamber)
and exhausted into the air intake side of the blower.
A. Smoke fluid
D. Video inspection
B. Smoke testing
E. Smoke candles
C. Dye
F. None of the Above
317. One gallon of smoke fluid is generally less expensive than___________, however smoke
fluids do not consistently provide the same quality of smoke. When using smoke fluid, it is
important to understand that as fluid is injected into the heating chamber (or muffler) it
immediately begins to cool the unit.
A. Smoke fluid
D. One dozen smoke candles
B. Smoke testing
E. Smoke candles
C. Dye
F. None of the Above
318. The heating chamber will eventually reach a point where it is not hot enough to completely
convert all the__________________, thus creating thin/wet smoke. This can actually happen
quickly, depending on the rate of fluid flow. If the smoke has become thin it can be especially
difficult to see at greater distances.
A. Smoke testing
D. Fluid to smoke
B. Rate of fluid flow
E. Leaks
C. Smoke candle(s)
F. None of the Above
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319. Blocking off sections of line is usually a good idea with any type of smoke, but becomes
almost a necessity when using ____________. Some manufactures have taken steps to
address this issue, and now offer better flow control, fluid distribution, and most importantly
insulated heating chambers to help maintain necessary temperatures.
A. Smoke fluid
D. One dozen smoke candles
B. Smoke testing
E. Smoke candles
C. Dye
F. None of the Above
320. Safety; Maybe one of the more talked about, yet least understood aspects of smoke
testing is the use and safety of these products. As manufacturers have become more
competitive, some marketing programs and advertisements have implied danger in the use of
competitive types of____________________.
A. Smoke testing
D. Hot exhaust stream
B. Smoke products
E. Leaks
C. Smoke candle(s)
F. None of the Above
More on Manholes
321. When designing a wastewater system, the design engineer begins by first determining the
types and quantities of sewage to be handled. This is accomplished through a careful study of
___________________.
A. Design flow
D. Water per person in the area to be served
B. Peak flow factor
E. A typical infiltration allowance
C. A typical value
F. None of the Above
322. The design engineer bases his design on the average daily use of water per person in the
area to be served. ______________ is 100 gallons per person per day. But, the use of water is
not constant.
A. Design flow
D. Water per person in the area to be served
B. Peak flow factor
E. A typical infiltration allowance
C. A typical value
F. None of the Above
323. Use is greater in the summer than in the winter and greater during the morning and
evening than it is in the middle of the day or at night. Therefore, the average daily flow (based
on the average utilization) is multiplied by a peak flow factor to obtain the __________.
A. Design flow
D. Water per person in the area to be served
B. Peak flow factor
E. A typical infiltration allowance
C. A typical value
F. None of the Above
324. _______________factors range from 4 to 6 for small areas down to 1.5 to 2.5 for larger
areas. An allowance for unavoidable infiltration of surface and subsurface water into the lines is
sometimes added to the peak flow to obtain the design flow.
A. Design flow
D. Typical peak flow
B. Peak flow factor
E. A typical infiltration allowance
C. A typical value
F. None of the Above
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325. A typical _________is 500 gallons per inch of pipe diameter per mile of sewer per day.
From the types of sewage and the estimated design flow, the engineer can then tentatively
select the types, sizes, slopes, and distances below grade of the piping to be used for the
system.
A. Design flow
D. Water per person in the area to be served
B. Peak flow factor
E. Infiltration allowance
C. A typical value
F. None of the Above
Low Pressure System Description and Operation
Vacuum Sewers
326. Wastewater from one or more homes flows by gravity to a holding tank known as the valve
pit. When the wastewater level reaches a certain level, sensors within the holding tank open a
_____________that allows the contents of the tank to be sucked into the network of collection
piping.
A. Vacuum sewer system(s)
D. Vacuum collection and transportation systems
B. Vacuum main(s)
E. Vacuum valve
C. Interface valve
F. None of the Above
327. There are no manholes with a vacuum system; instead, access can be obtained at each
valve pit. The vacuum or draw within the system is created at a vacuum station. __________are
small buildings that house a large storage tank and a system of vacuum pumps.
A. Conventional gravity sewers
D. Vacuum system
B. Interface valve
E. Vacuum within the vacuum mains
C. Vacuum stations
F. None of the Above
328. ______________ are limited to an extent by elevation changes of the land. Rolling terrain
with small elevation changes can be accommodated, yet steep terrain would require the
addition of lift stations like those used for conventional sewer systems. It is generally
recommended that there be at least 75 properties per pump station for the use of a vacuum
sewer system to be cost effective.
A. Vacuum sewer system(s)
D. Vacuum collection and transportation systems
B. Vacuum main(s)
E. Network of collection piping
C. Interface valve
F. None of the Above
329. This minimum property requirement tends to make vacuum sewers most conducive for
small communities with a relatively high density of properties per acre. The maintenance and
operation of this system requires a full-time system operator with the necessary training. This
can make the operation and maintenance costs of ________________exceed those of other
systems.
A. Conventional gravity sewers
D. Vacuum system
B. Vacuum sewers
E. Vacuum within the vacuum mains
C. Manholes
F. None of the Above
Applications
330. Vacuum collection and transportation systems can provide significant capital and ongoing
operating cost advantages over_____________, particularly in flat terrain, high water table, or
hard rock areas.
A. Vacuum sewer system(s)
D. Conventional gravity systems
B. Vacuum main(s)
E. Network of collection piping
C. Interface valve
F. None of the Above
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331. ________________ are installed at shallow depths, significantly reducing excavation,
shoring and restoration requirements, and minimizing the disruption to the community.
A. Vacuum sewer system(s)
D. Vacuum collection and transportation systems
B. Vacuum main(s)
E. Network of collection piping
C. Interface valve
F. None of the Above
332. The alignment of __________is extremely flexible, without the need for manholes at
changes in grade or direction.
A. Conventional gravity sewers
D. Vacuum system
B. Interface valve
E. Vacuum mains
C. Manholes
F. None of the Above
333. Vacuum sewer mains can skip over and around other services or obstacles and can be
used to achieve uphill flow. Turbulent velocities of 5 to 6m/sec are developed as the sewage
and air passes through the ______________. This disintegrates solids and reduces the risks of
sewer blockages which are unknown in a correctly designed and constructed vacuum system.
A. Vacuum sewer system(s)
D. Vacuum collection and transportation systems
B. Vacuum main(s)
E. Network of collection piping
C. Interface valve
F. None of the Above
334. No electricity is required at the ___________, enabling the system to be installed in
virtually any location.
A. Conventional gravity sewers
D. Vacuum system
B. Interface valve
E. Vacuum within the vacuum mains
C. Manholes
F. None of the Above
335. Fractures in _____________may go undetected for a long time. A leak in a vacuum main
will raise an alarm within minutes of the break. The mains have to be repaired for sewage
transport to continue, ensuring up to date maintenance and eliminating deterioration and
infiltration.
A. Vacuum sewer system(s)
D. Vacuum collection and transportation systems
B. Vacuum main(s)
E. Network of collection piping
C. Gravity systems
F. None of the Above
336. Due to the shallow depth of the installation, additional connections can be quickly and
simply made by a small construction crew, thus reducing the disruption and restoration work
normally required for _________________.
A. Conventional gravity sewers
D. Vacuum system
B. Interface valve
E. Vacuum within the vacuum mains
C. Manholes
F. None of the Above
337. _______________ and transport systems have many applications in industry for collecting
all forms of liquid waste, including toxic and radioactive fluids. Collection pipes may be installed
above ground, overhead or in utility ducts.
A. Vacuum sewer system(s)
D. Vacuum collection
B. Vacuum main(s)
E. Network of collection piping
C. Interface valve
F. None of the Above
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Vacuum Interface Valves
338. Interface between the vacuum within the vacuum mains and the atmospheric pressure
within the____________. When sewage is entering the system from a source and the sewage
level in the chamber rises, it pressurizes air in the 63mm sensor line.
A. Conventional gravity sewers
D. Vacuum system
B. Interface valve
E. Vacuum within the vacuum mains
C. Vacuum interface chamber
F. None of the Above
339. This air pressure is transmitted by a hose to the controller/sensor unit, which opens the
valve and the wastewater is rapidly drawn into the___________. This suction of the sewer
creates a vortex in the sump and air is drawn into the sewer with the sewage.
A. Collection tank
D. Controller/sensor unit
B. Collection sump
E. Vacuum main
C. Vacuum in the sewer
F. None of the Above
340. As the valve opens, a pneumatic timer in the ____________ starts a pre-set time cycle.
The timer holds the valve open for sufficient time to draw all the sewage out of the sump and
allows a designated amount of air to enter the system.
A. Collection tank
D. Controller/sensor unit
B. Collection sump
E. Vacuum interface valve
C. Vortex
F. None of the Above
341. The _______________ is capable of serving at least four equivalent tenements, and
multiple valve chambers may be installed to serve higher flow rates.
A. Collection tank
D. Controller/sensor unit
B. Collection sump
E. Interface valve
C. Vacuum in the sewer
F. None of the Above
342. No electricity is required at the_________. The vacuum valve is automatically operated by
the pressure generated with the rising sewage level and the pneumatic timer, and actuated by
the vacuum in the sewer.
A. Collection tank
D. Controller/sensor unit
B. Collection sump
E. Vacuum interface valve
C. Valve chamber
F. None of the Above
343. Differential air pressure is the driving force in vacuum sewer systems. The vacuum sewer
lines are under a vacuum of 16"-20" Hg (-0.5 to -0.7 bar) created by _________located at the
vacuum station.
A. Collection tank
D. Controller/sensor unit
B. Collection sump
E. Vacuum pumps
C. Vacuum in the sewer
F. None of the Above
344. The pressure differential between the atmospheric pressure and the vacuum in the sewer
lines of 7 to 10 psi (0.5 - 0.7 bar) provides the energy required to open the vacuum interface
valves and to transport the sewage. Sewage flows by gravity from homes into a __________.
A. Collection tank
D. Controller/sensor unit
B. Collection sump
E. Interface valve
C. Vacuum in the sewer
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
345. When 10 gallons (40 liters) accumulates in the sump, the located above the sump
automatically opens and differential air pressure propels the sewage through the valve and into
the____________________.
A. Collection tank
D. Controller/sensor unit
B. Collection sump
E. Vacuum interface valve
C. Vacuum main
F. None of the Above
346. Sewage flows through the vacuum lines and into the collection tank at the vacuum station.
Sewage pumps transfer the sewage from the ___________ to the wastewater treatment facility
or nearby gravity manhole. There are no electrical connections required at the home. Power is
necessary only at the vacuum station.
A. Collection tank
D. Controller/sensor unit
B. Collection sump
E. Interface valve
C. Vacuum in the sewer
F. None of the Above
Valve Pit Package
347. The Valve Pit Package connects the homes to the vacuum sewer system. ________ flows
by gravity from up to four homes into a sealed fiberglass sump. Located above the sewage
sump and surrounded by a fiberglass valve pit is a 3" (90 mm) vacuum interface valve, which is
pneumatically controlled and operated.
A. Raw sewage
D. Potential vacuum loss
B. Solids
E. Vacuum pump(s)
C. High scouring velocity
F. None of the Above
348. Vacuum from the ___________opens the valve and outside air from a breather pipe
closes it.
A. Vacuum sewer system(s)
D. Vacuum pump(s)
B. Lift station
E. Vacuum service line
C. Sewer line
F. None of the Above
349. Sewage level sensing is remarkably simple. As the sewage level rises, air trapped in the
empty 2" (50 mm) diameter sensor pipe pushes on a diaphragm in the valve's controller/sensor
unit, signaling the valve to open. When ten gallons of sewage accumulates in the sump the
valve automatically opens. The _______________propels the sewage at velocities of 15-18 feet
per second (4.5 - 5.5 m/s), disintegrating solids while being transported to the vacuum station.
A. Raw sewage
D. Potential vacuum loss
B. Differential air pressure E. Vacuum pump(s)
C. High scouring velocity
F. None of the Above
Vacuum Lines
350. ____________are installed in narrow trenches in a saw tooth profile for grade and uphill
transport. Vacuum lines follow grade for downhill transport.
A. Vacuum sewer system(s)
D. Vacuum pump(s)
B. Lift station
E. Vacuum service lines
C. Downhill transport
F. None of the Above
(s) means the answer may be plural or singular in nature.
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351. Vacuum lines are slightly sloped (0.2%) towards the collection station. Unlike gravity
sewers that must be laid at a minimum slope to obtain a 2 ft./sec. (0.6 m/s) scouring velocity,
vacuum has a flatter slope since a high scouring velocity is a feature of ___________transport.
A. Raw sewage
D. Potential vacuum loss
B. Vacuum sewage
E. Vacuum pump(s)
C. High scouring velocity
F. None of the Above
Line Sizes
352. The vacuum service line from the
mm). The vacuum mains are 4", 6", 8"
SDR 21 gasketed PVC pipe.
A. Vacuum sewer system(s)
D.
B. Lift station
E.
C. Valve
F.
___________to the main in the street is 3" diameter (90
and 10" diameter (110 mm to 250 mm) schedule 40 or
Vacuum pump(s)
Vacuum service line
None of the Above
353. PE pipe can also be used. In general, a potential vacuum loss is associated with every lift.
This limits the length of each vacuum line to about 2 to 3 miles (3 to 5 km) in flat terrain.
______________can extend or reduce this range. Longer distances are possible depending on
local topography.
A. Raw sewage
D. Potential vacuum loss
B. Elevation changes
E. Vacuum pump(s)
C. High scouring velocity
F. None of the Above
Vacuum Station
354. The vacuum station is similar in function to a lift station in a gravity sewer system. Sewage
pumps transfer the sewage from the____________, through a force main, to the treatment
plant. Unlike a lift station, the vacuum station has two vacuum pumps that create vacuum in the
sewer lines and an enclosed collection tank.
A. Vacuum sewer system(s)
D. Vacuum pump(s)
B. Lift station
E. Vacuum service line
C. Collection tank
F. None of the Above
Vacuum Pumps
355. The vacuum pumps maintain the system vacuum in the 16" to 20" mercury vacuum (-0.5
to -0.7 bar) operating range. ______________ typically run 2 to 3 hours each per day (4 to 6
hours total) and don't need to run continuously since the vacuum interface valves are normally
closed.
A. Raw sewage
D. Potential vacuum loss
B. Solids
E. Vacuum pump(s)
C. High scouring velocity
F. None of the Above
356. As sewage enters the system, driven by air at atmospheric pressure, the system vacuum
will slowly decrease from 20" to 16" Hg. The _____________ are sized to increase the system
vacuum from 16" to 20" Hg in three minutes or less.
A. Vacuum sewer system(s)
D. Vacuum pump(s)
B. Lift station
E. Vacuum service line
C. Downhill transport
F. None of the Above
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357. Typical _____________ sizes are 10, 15, and 25 horsepower (7.5, 11 and 18.6 kw).
Busch rotary vane vacuum pumps are standard. The two non-clog sewage pumps are each
sized for peak flow. The collection tank is steel or fiberglass and is sized according to flow, with
typical sizes ranging from 1,000 to 4,000 gallons (3.8 to 15 cubic meters).
A. Raw sewage
D. Potential vacuum loss
B. Solids
E. Vacuum pump(s)
C. High scouring velocity
F. None of the Above
358. ____________ connect individually to the collection tank, effectively dividing the system
into zones. A stand-by generator keeps the vacuum sewer system in operation during extended
power outages. An automatic telephone dialer alerts the operator to alarm conditions.
A. Vacuum sewer system(s)
D. Vacuum pump(s)
B. Lift station
E. Vacuum service line
C. The incoming vacuum lines
F. None of the Above
Review
Pressure Sewers
359. Instead of relying on gravity, pressure sewers utilize the force supplied by pumps, which
deliver the wastewater to the system from each property. Since ___________ do not rely on
gravity, the system’s network of piping can be laid in very shallow trenches that follow the
contour of the land.
A. Gravity system
D. Two kinds of pressure sewer systems
B. Grinder pump(s)
E. Both the STEP and grinder systems
C. Pressure sewers
F. None of the Above
360. There are two kinds of___________, based upon the type of pump used to provide the
pressure.
A. Gravity system
D. STEP and grinder systems
B. Grinder pump(s)
E. Pressure sewer systems
C. Pressure sewers
F. None of the Above
361. Systems that use a ___________combination are referred to as STEP pressure sewers.
A. Gravity system
D. Two kinds of pressure sewer systems
B. Grinder pump(s)
E. Septic tank/effluent pump
C. Pressure sewers
F. None of the Above
362. Like the small diameter, _____________ pressure sewers utilize septic tanks to settle out
the solids; this allows for the use of piping that is extremely narrow in diameter. The effluent
pump delivers the wastewater to the sewer pipes and provides the necessary pressure to move
it through the system. The other type of pressure sewer uses a grinder pump.
A. Gravity system
D. STEP
B. Grinder pump(s)
E. Two kinds of pressure sewer systems
C. Pressure sewers
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
363. Wastewater from each property goes to a tank containing a pump with grinder blades that
shred the solids into tiny particles. Both solids and liquids are then pumped into the sewer
system. Because the effluent contains a mixture of solids as well as liquids, the diameter of the
pipes must be slightly larger. However, __________________eliminate the need to periodically
pump the septic tanks for all the properties connected to the system.
A. Gravity system
D. Two kinds of pressure sewer systems
B. Grinder pump(s)
E. Both the STEP and grinder systems
C. Pressure sewers
F. None of the Above
364. Both the STEP and ______________________are installed with high water alarms.
Because of the addition of the pumps, pressure sewers tend to require more operation and
maintenance than small diameter gravity sewers.
A. Gravity system
D. Grinder systems
B. Grinder pump(s)
E. Two kinds of pressure sewer systems
C. Pressure sewers
F. None of the Above
365. Operators can usually be hired on a part time basis, as long as someone is on call at all
times. Operators will need training on both the plumbing and________________.
A. Gravity system
D. Two kinds of pressure sewer systems
B. Grinder pump(s)
E. Electrical aspects of the system
C. Pressure sewers
F. None of the Above
Sewer Line Mapping
366. The importance of maintaining accurate, current maps of the collection system cannot be
overstated. _______________and repairs are unlikely if mapping is not adequate. Collection
system maps should clearly indicate the information that personnel need to carry out their
assignments.
A. Overflow points
D. Owner or operator’s management program
B. Introduction of flows
E. Efficient collection system maintenance
C. Inspection
F. None of the Above
367. Collection system maps should have a numbering system which uniquely identifies all
manholes and __________. The system should be simple and easy to understand.
A. Engineering endeavors D. Quality sanitary sewer designs
B. Sewer line maps
E. Numbering system
C. Sewer cleanouts
F. None of the Above
368. _________________ should have permanently assigned numbers and never be
renumbered. Maps should also indicate the property served and reference its cleanout.
A. Overflow points
D. Owner or operator’s management program
B. Introduction of flows
E. Manholes and sewer cleanouts
C. Inspection
F. None of the Above
369. _______________ should indicate the diameter, the length between the centers of
manholes, and the slope or direction of flow. The dimensions of easements and property lines
should be included on the maps.
A. Engineering endeavors D. Quality sanitary sewer designs
B. Sewer line maps
E. Numbering system
C. Sewer cleanouts
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
370. Other information that should be included on maps are access and overflow points, a
scale, and a north arrow. All maps should have the ____________was drafted and the date of
the last revision.
A. Overflow points
D. Date the map
B. Introduction of flows
E. Manholes and sewer cleanouts
C. Inspection
F. None of the Above
371. Although optional, maps often include__________. Maps may come in different sizes and
scales to be used for different purposes. Detailed local maps may be used by maintenance or
repair crews to perform the duties. However, these detailed local maps should be keyed to one
overall map that shows the entire system.
A. Engineering endeavors D. Quality sanitary sewer designs
B. Sewer line maps
E. Materials of pipe construction
C. Sewer cleanouts
F. None of the Above
Geographic Information System (GIS)
372. GIS technology has made the mapping and map updating process considerably more
efficient. GIS is a computerized mapping program capable of combining mapping with detailed
information about the physical structures within the collection system. If a GIS program is being
used by the owner or operator, the reviewer should ask if the program is capable of accepting
information from the ____________________.
A. Overflow points
D. Owner or operator’s management program
B. Introduction of flows
E. Manholes and sewer cleanouts
C. Inspection
F. None of the Above
373. Specific procedures should be established for correction of errors and updating maps and
drawings. Field personnel should be properly trained to recognize discrepancies between field
conditions and map data and record changes necessary to correct the existing mapping system.
Reviewers should check to see that maps and plans are available to the personnel in the office
and to field personnel or contractors involved in all ________________.
A. Engineering endeavors D. Quality sanitary sewer designs
B. Sewer line maps
E. Numbering system
C. Sewer cleanouts
F. None of the Above
New Sewer Construction
374. The owner or operator should maintain strict control over the introduction of flows into the
system from new construction. _____________________ may be public (i.e., an expansion of
the collection system) or private (i.e., a developer constructing sewers for a new development).
A. Overflow points
D. Owner or operator’s management program
B. Introduction of flows
E. Manholes and sewer cleanouts
C. Inspection
F. None of the Above
375.
Quality _____________keep costs and problems associated with operations,
maintenance, and construction to a minimum.
A. Engineering endeavors D. Sanitary sewer designs
B. Sewer line maps
E. Numbering system
C. Sewer cleanouts
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
376. ________________ are difficult to correct once construction is complete. The reviewer
should be aware that this has historically not been adequately addressed in some collection
systems. The owner or operator should have standards for new construction, procedures for
reviewing designs and protocols for inspection, start-up, testing, and approval of new
construction. The procedures should provide documentation of all activities, especially
inspection.
A. Overflow points
D. Design flaws
B. Introduction of flows
E. Manholes and sewer cleanouts
C. Inspection
F. None of the Above
Grease
377. If left unmanaged, grease can cause interference in wastewater collection, transmission,
and treatment systems. ________________ due to grease build-up are a common cause of
sanitary sewer overflows, and grease accumulation at treatment facilities can lead to passthrough of contaminants.
A. Grease interceptor(s)
D. Pass-through of contaminants
B. POTW
E. Blockages
C. Notice of Violation
F. None of the Above
378. Proactive municipal governments have a grease ordinance which provides them legal
authority to require that grease generators have devices to catch the grease before it enters the
public wastewater system. These devices are often referred to as "____________."
A. POTW(s)
D. International Plumbing Code
B. Local ordinance
E. Grease traps
C. Grease interceptor(s)
F. None of the Above
379. Proactive municipal governments also have in place ___________program to ensure
grease generators clean the traps on an appropriate schedule and in a proper manner.
A. Grease interceptor(s)
D. Pass-through of contaminants
B. POTW
E. An inspection and enforcement
C. Notice of Violation
F. None of the Above
380. Failure to do so incurs a penalty levied by the municipality, so there is incentive to correct
problems before they result in sanitary sewer overflows, interference, or pass-through.
______________often have public education programs to ensure non-commercial contributions
of grease to the wastewater system are minimized.
A. Proactive municipalities D. International Plumbing Code
B. Local ordinance
E. POTW inspectors
C. Grease interceptor(s)
F. None of the Above
Grease Interceptors
381. ___________use grease interceptors which are larger than the traps and are installed
underground, outside of a facility. Grease is actually "intercepted" in these concrete or fiberglass
tanks before it reaches the sewer main.
A. Grease interceptor(s)
D. Pass-through of contaminants
B. High-volume or new establishments
E. An inspection and enforcement program
C. Notice of Violation
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
382. _______________ should be accessible by three manhole covers, and a sample box.
Interceptors and traps cause the flow of water to slow down, allowing the grease to naturally
float to the top of the tank for easy removal.
A. POTW(s)
D. International Plumbing Code
B. Local ordinance
E. POTW inspectors
C. Grease interceptor(s)
F. None of the Above
Plan Checks and Inspections
383. All plans for new commercial food establishments (including new construction remodels
and retrofits) should receive a plan review from the ____________. This review assures that
appropriate grease-removal equipment is installed during construction.
A. Grease interceptor(s)
D. Pass-through of contaminants
B. POTW
E. An inspection and enforcement program
C. Notice of Violation
F. None of the Above
Grease Blockages
384. Shortly after sewer-spills caused by grease are reported, ____________investigate
facilities within the immediate area. A determination is made as to which commercial facilities
contributed to the blockage, and more in-depth inspections are conducted at those facilities.
Where appropriate, additional requirements and/or procedures are put in place.
A. POTW(s)
D. International Plumbing Code
B. Local ordinance
E. POTW inspectors
C. Grease interceptor(s)
F. None of the Above
385. When requirements are made for additional grease-removal equipment, the facility is
given a due date to comply. A Notice of Violation, with____________, is issued once a facility
has passed its final due date. Administrative hearings, permit revocation, and ultimately,
termination of sewer service may occur for those facilities that remain out of compliance.
A. Grease interceptor(s)
D. Pass-through of contaminants
B. POTW
E. An inspection and enforcement program
C. An administrative fee
F. None of the Above
Regular Grease Inspection
386. Regular inspection and maintenance is essential to the proper operation of a grease
removal device. The _____________ should require a minimum cleaning frequency of once
every six months.
A. POTW(s)
D. International Plumbing Code
B. Local ordinance
E. POTW inspectors
C. Grease interceptor(s)
F. None of the Above
387. Regular cleaning at the appropriate interval is necessary to maintain the rated efficiency of
the device. Equipment that is not regularly maintained puts the food service facility at risk of
violating the________ , and this may not be known until an overflow and violation have
occurred.
A. Grease interceptor(s)
D. Pass-through of contaminants
B. POTW
E. Sewer use ordinance
C. Notice of Violation
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
388. Most ____________ suggest businesses start with quarterly cleanings and should be
done when 75 percent of the retention capacity of the unit is 75 percent full of accumulated
grease. A large measuring stick and/or a clear piece of conduit may be used to determine the
depth of the grease accumulation. You should require that restaurants contract with a licensed
grease hauler to remove it from your premises for appropriate disposal.
A. POTW(s)
D. International Plumbing Code
B. Local ordinance
E. POTW inspectors
C. Grease interceptor(s)
F. None of the Above
Other Types of Devices
389. A grease trap may be approved in lieu of _______________for full service food service
facilities only in very limited circumstances when space is not available.
A. Grease interceptor(s)
D. Pass-through of contaminants
B. POTW
E. An inspection
C. An interceptor
F. None of the Above
390. Grease traps may also be approved by the ________________for facilities such as
delicatessens and small bakeries that produce small quantities of oil, grease, or fat. Refer to the
International Plumbing Code for requirements related to grease traps such as installation of
flow-control devices, flow rates, and other structural requirements.
A. POTW(s)
D. International Plumbing Code
B. Local ordinance
E. Industrial Pretreatment Program
C. Grease interceptor(s)
F. None of the Above
391. Flow restrictors are required for grease traps because they increase retention time and
efficiency. Automatic grease skimming devices collect small volumes of water and remove
grease into a side container at preset times each day. Usually, special approval from the
Industrial Pretreatment Staff or the __________ is required to install one of these devices in lieu
of a grease interceptor.
A. Grease interceptor(s)
D. Pass-through of contaminants
B. POTW
E. An inspection and enforcement program
C. Notice of Violation
F. None of the Above
Collection Systems O&M Section
Sewer Cleaning and Inspection
392. As sewer system networks age, the risk of deterioration, ____________, and collapses
becomes a major concern. As a result, municipalities worldwide are taking proactive measures
to improve performance levels of their sewer systems.
A. Sanitary sewer overflow(s)
D. Check with the local authorities
B. Rehabilitation
E. Education and pollution prevention
C. Blockages
F. None of the Above
393. ________________ are essential to maintaining a properly functioning system; these
activities further a community’s reinvestment into its wastewater infrastructure.
A. Inspection technique(s) D. Visibility of manholes and other structures
B. CCTV inspection(s)
E. Cleaning and inspecting sewer lines
C. Inspection program(s)
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
Inspection Techniques
394. _______________are required to determine current sewer conditions and to aid in
planning a maintenance strategy. Ideally, sewer line inspections need to take place during low
flow conditions. If the flow conditions can potentially overtop the camera, then the inspection
should be performed during low flow times between midnight and 5 AM, or the sewer lines can
be temporarily plugged to reduce the flow.
A. Documentation of inspections
D. Cleaning and inspecting sewer lines
B. CCTV inspection(s)
E. Inspection programs
C. Visual inspection(s)
F. None of the Above
Most sewer lines are inspected using one or more of the following techniques:
395. _______________ are the most frequently used most cost efficient in the long term, and
most effective method to inspect the internal condition of a sewer.
A. Inspection technique(s) D. Television (TV) inspections
B. CCTV inspection(s)
E. Polaroid still photographs
C. Inspection program(s)
F. None of the Above
396. _______________ are recommended for sewer lines with diameters of 0.1-1.2 m (4 - 48
inches.) The CCTV camera must be assembled to keep the lens as close as possible to the
center of the pipe.
A. Sanitary sewer overflow(s)
D. Check with the local authorities
B. Rehabilitation
E. Education and pollution prevention
C. CCTV inspection(s)
F. None of the Above
397. In larger sewers, the ________________, which is floated through the sewer from one
manhole to the next. To see details of the sewer walls, the camera and lights swivel both
vertically and horizontally.
A. Inspection technique(s) D. Visibility of manholes and other structures
B. CCTV inspection(s)
E. Polaroid still photographs
C. Inspection program(s)
F. None of the Above
398. In smaller sewers, ______________ are attached to a sled, to which a parachute or droge
is attached and floated from one manhole to the next. Documentation of inspections is very
critical to a successful operation and maintenance (O&M) program.
A. Documentation of inspections
D. Cleaning and inspecting sewer lines
B. CCTV inspection(s)
E. The cable and camera
C. Visual inspection(s)
F. None of the Above
399. _______________ produce a video record of the inspection that can be used for future
reference.
A. Inspection technique(s) D. Visibility of manholes and other structures
B. CCTV inspection(s)
E. Polaroid still photographs
C. Inspection program(s)
F. None of the Above
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Collection System Operator Assignment 1/30/2015
400. _______________ are vital in fully understanding the condition of a sewer system. Visual
inspections of manholes and pipelines are comprised of surface and internal inspections.
Operators should pay specific attention to sunken areas in the groundcover above a sewer line
and areas with ponding water.
A. Documentation of inspections
D. Cleaning and inspecting sewer lines
B. CCTV inspection(s)
E. Operator to enter a manhole
C. Visual inspection(s)
F. None of the Above
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