Internal-7, Eng. Ele. 261/ 063.1.19
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1.
FUNDAMENTALS
 Role of resistance, inductance and capacitance in electric circuits and their series and
parallel connections.
 Ohm’s law and Kirchhof’s law, electric power and energy.
 Alternating current fundamentals: Principle of generation of alternating voltages and
currents and their equations and waveforms, average, peak and rms values, A.C.
through resistance, inductance, capacitance and through their combinations, active
and reactive power
 Three phase AC systems: Principle of three phase AC generation, star delta
connection, three phase three wire and three phase four wire systems
2.
POWER PLANTS
 Hydroelectric power plants: classifications and respective layouts, selection of sites,
classification of water turbines, working principle and operating range with respect to
head and discharge of impulse and reaction turbines, selection of water turbines,
governing of water turbines, essential features of hydroelectric alternators, hydroplant auxiliaries.
 Diesel electric power plants: selection of sites, elements of a diesel plant and its
layout.
 Comparative study of hydro & diesel power plant.
 Non conventional power generation: Photo voltaic or solar cells, solar power
generation, wind power generation.
3.
ELECTRICAL MACHINES
 D.C. generators: Working principle, types of D.C. generators, losses and efficiency,
application of series, shunt and compound generators.
 D.C. motors: Working principle, types of D.C. motors, applications of D.C. series and
shunt motors, losses and efficiency, speed control, starters.
 Synchronous generator: Construction and working principle, equation of induced
E.M.F., voltage and frequency regulation, losses and efficiency, parallel operation
and synchronizing, alternators connected to infinite bus bars, different types of
excitation systems, drying of alternators.
Internal-7, Eng. Ele. 261/ 063.1.19







Synchronous motors: Working principle and characteristics, application, starting.
Three phase induction motors: Construction and working principle, types, starting and
speed control, applications.
Transformers: Construction, working principle, voltage regulation, losses and
efficiency, temperature rise, parallel operation, oil test, short circuit & open circuit
test, role of transformer oil, cooling of transformers, Bucholtz protection, three phase
transformer connection.
Prerequisites for starting of generators in hydro and diesel station.
Necessity of cooling in power stations.
Role of auxiliary equipments in power stations, storage batteries, their capacities,
charging and maintenance.
Necessity of black start units in power stations.
4.
CONTROL AND PROTECTION
 Necessity of D.C. system in power stations.
 Working principle and construction of vacuum and gas filled circuit breakers and their
comparative study, specification, rating, testing and selection of circuit breakers.
 Over current, earth fault and under voltage relays, isolators and contactors
 Overload and short circuit protection, earth fault protection, differential protection,
distance protection, protection against over voltage and lightening
 Instrument transformers and their role in system protection..
 Surge arrestor and its importance in protection against lightening.
 Voltage control: Necessity of voltage control; methods of voltage control.
5.
SUB-STATION AND TRANSMISSION LINE
 Substations: Classification, indoor and outdoor substations, selection and location of
site, equipments used in substations, general layout of substation, bus bar
arrangements, earthing of equipments in a substation.
 Transmission lines: Overhead transmission line and under ground cabling, advantages
and limitations of high voltage transmission, choice of voltage level, conductor size,
spacing; supports and cross arms, insulators used in overhead lines, vibration and
vibration dampers, conductor configuration, clearances, span lengths, voltage
regulation and efficiency of short and medium transmission lines, sag, tension, right
of way.
 Lightening phenomenon, types and functions of lightening arrestor, over head earth
wire.
6
DISTRIBUTION AND CONSUMER SERVICE
 Primary distribution system: Radial system, ring main system and interconnected
network system
 Secondary distribution system: Three phase four wire distribution, single phase two
wire distribution
 Voltage regulation
 Selection of supports and conductors in secondary distribution system
 Earthing of electrical system and equipment
 Consumer supply connection
 Fuse, MCB and MCCB protection
 Consumer supply energy meters: Construction and principle of operation, creeping
errors and their compensation, testing of energy meters.
Internal-7, Eng. Ele. 261/ 063.1.19
7 POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
 Concept of demand factor, diversity factor, load factor and load curves, load duration
curves, power factor correction and improvement
 Operation of substation during normal and abnormal condition
 Synchronizing and system restoration
 Preventive maintenance in electrical system for transmission lines and its equipment,
distribution lines and its equipments, transformers, switchgears, motors, generators,
turbines excitation system, and communication system used in power system
 Maintenance of D.C. system
 Safety engineering: Physical effects of electric shock; safety and precaution; safety
rules and regulation; safety tools and devices; live line maintenance and precautions;
earthing and shielding techniques; fire hazards; fire fighting techniques and
equipment; first aid requirements for after event treatment.
-v_ Joj:yfksLo !fg
(1)
GENERAL:
History of power development in Nepal; hydro power potential; energy supply
demand trends; challenges and prospects of hydropower development; Hydropower
development policy, 2058; Role of HMG institutions; NEA and private sectors in
power development; IPP’s involvement in power development; NEA organizational
structure and functions of different business groups, concept of NEA grid code.
(2)
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