Psychology 100 Madigan Fall 2001
FORM A
page 1
PSYCHOLOGY 100 TEST #2 KEY
NOTE: THE KEY SHOWS ANSWERS ONLY FOR TOPICS COVERED ON THURS.
TEST #2
 Write Name, SSN, and FORM (A,B) on your scantron.

Make complete erasures.
01. This woman has two golf tees glued to her forehead. She probably:
a. is trying to shape her infant into the next Tiger Woods
b. is demonstrating voluntary control of muscles in the forehead
d. is a subject in an experiment on facial expression and induced emotion
d. is stuck for something to do on a slow weekend
02. Patient H.M. would have the most difficulty in remembering:
a. the last few words of a list in a free-recall experiment
b. the first few words in a list in a free recall experiment
c. what the words in the list meant
d. all would be very difficult for him.
03. For the perception of distance, the size of the retinal image produced by an object is most like a
a. bottom-up influence
b. top-down influence
c. context influence
d. conscious influence
04. A subliminal stimulus is one:
a. that is below the absolute threshold for perception
b. that triggers unconscious motivations
c. that activates another related stimulus
d. that bypasses sensory memory stores
05. Mnemonic devices improve memory largely because they:
a. increase short-term memory capacity
b. extend the duration of sensory memory
c. utilize implicit as well as explicit memory
d. cause information to be stored in primary visual cortex
NO CORRECT ANSWER FOR THIS ONE!
Psychology 100 Madigan Fall 2001
FORM A
page 2
06. If the male population is more variable than the female population in some ability, then,
compared with females:
a. you would expect find more males with very low and very high scores,
b. you would expect males to have a somewhat higher average score
c. you would expect males to have a somewhat lower score
d. you would expect males and females to have equal average scores
07. Kimura suggests that the __________ cause of sex differences in cognition is _______ and the
__________ cause is _____________.
a. immediate; socialization; ultimate; learning sex roles
b. proximate; early hormonal influence; ultimate; selection pressures
c. primary; short-term memory capacities; secondary; reinforcement
d. all of the above are suggested by Kimura
08. Infanticide is most likely to occur with a step-parent. According to Daly and Wilson, the
fundamental reason for this is:
a. lack of parental investment
b. sexual jealousy
c. drugs and alcohol
d. low intelligence in the step-parent
09. According to Kimura’s research, which group tends to have the highest mathematical
reasoning scores:
a. high-testosterone males
b. high-testosterone females
c. low testosterone females
d. low testosterone males
10. To qualify as an “instinct”, a behavior must have all of the following characteristics except:
a. be completely independent of learning or experience
b. be universal in a species or in one sex of a species
c. be adaptive
d. have the same form in members of a given species
11. The distinction between the availability and the accessibility of information in memory is best
illustrated by:
a. the difference between short-term and long-term memory
b. recall under hypnosis
c. the difference between episodic and semantic memory
d. having a word or name “on the tip of your tongue”
12. The “eyebrow flash” in humans seems to consist of :
a. an instinctual response and a learning component
b. an universal instinctual response
c. a voluntary or operant response
d. an autonomic response
Psychology 100 Madigan Fall 2001
FORM A
page 3
13. Suppose that in Schachter’s emotion experiment, the subject was given a tranquilizer rather
than a stimulant, and was told that the drug would arouse them. According to Schachter’s theory,
the presence of an annoying actor would:
a. not lead to anger or negative emotion in the subject.
b. would create high levels of annoyance or anger in the subject
c. would create a positive emotional response by the subject
d. trigger activity in the amygdale
14. Which of the following seems most inconsistent with the principle of fitness:
a. self-sacrificing behavior
b. spousal murder
c. adoption of children
d. parental investment
15. Suppose that in order to decrease the number of false positives produced by a lie-detection
procedure, you start to require stronger reactions before you would be willing to conclude that
subjects are lying. A necessary consequence of this would be:
a. an increase in the “miss” category
b. greater accuracy of your lie-detection system
c. an increase in the “hit” category
d. an increase in the “false positive” category
16. According to the levels of processing principle, repetition of new information such as a
telephone number:
a.. is effective for short-term retention but not for long-term retention
b. will readily create a chunk out of several bits of unrelated information
c. will create a durable cortical memory
d. is effective for long-term memory but not short-term memory
17. Damage to area V1 would cause _____________ while damage to area V4 would
cause___________:
a. language impairments; hearing impairments
b. vision in general; recognizing objects
c. decrease in information from retina to thalamus; difficulties in naming objects
d. impaired object recognition; impaired face recognition
18. The red belly of the stickleback fish is a ____________ and the swimming about in circles is a
______________.
a. discriminating stimulus, operant response
b. discerning stimulus, instinctual response
c. universal signal, selective response
d. sign stimulus, fixed action pattern
Psychology 100 Madigan Fall 2001
FORM A
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19. Peacocks with longer tails are more likely to mate and pass on its genes because male peacocks
that can survive with all the extra plumage are considered more fit. This is an example of
___________.
a. natural selection
b. sexual selection
c. random pairing
d. mate selection
20. Paul Ekman’s research in Papua New Guinea illustrated:
a. facial expressions are unlearned and cross cultural
b. the frustration aggression hypothesis is expressed cross culturally
c. facial expressions are learned and shaped by the environment in which you are raised
d. that the facial expression of disgust was the only universal expression
21. Schachter’s experiment illustrated that in order to experience an emotion two components need
to be in place, these are:
a. cognition, epinephrine
b. epinephrine, arousal
c. arousal, environment
d. social communication, facial expression
22. According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, the optimum level of arousal for an easy task that you
are familiar with is:
a. high
b. low
c. medium
d. dependent on age
23. In the morning a cup of coffee improves performance for __________ while it retards the
performance for ___________.
a. memory tasks; perceptual tasks
b. males; females
c. easy tasks; difficult tasks
d. introverts, extroverts
24. The galvanic skin response measures:
a. changes in the moisture of skin
b. responses to questions
c. pupil dilation, and eye muscle movement
d. heart rate, respiration
Psychology 100 Madigan Fall 2001
FORM A
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25. The __________ stimulus is your outside environment, and the ___________ stimulus is the
image caste on your retina.
a. distal, proximal
b. proximal, distal
c. peripheral, central
d. central, peripheral
26. _________________ is when the retinal image of an object differs according to viewpoint but
we don’t perceive the object changing.
a. size constancy
b. color constancy
c. shape constancy
d. perception constancy
27. All of the following except ______________ gives information that one object is closer to you
than another object.
a. occlusion
b. relative size
c texture, density
d. approximate distancing
28. The man-in the-tunnel overhead showed that by _______________ , the man would look
bigger.
a. making the man look further down the tunnel
b. altering the retinal image by having you close one eye
c. changing the occlusion clues
d. changing the texture and density of the man and the tunnel
29. The song “Mairzedoats” is unintelligible on first hearing due to:
a. low stimulus intensity
b. a high threshold
c. lack of top-down processing
d. all of the above
30. In a task where you are asked to pronounce words as quickly as possible, you can pronounce
the word “warm” faster when it is paired with the word “nurse” that when paired with the word
“tree.” This is an example of:
a. backward masking
b. priming
c. attention selection
d. perception without awareness
Psychology 100 Madigan Fall 2001
FORM A
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31. Richard was in an accident and damaged his right parietal lobe. This led to a phenomena
called ______________________ where he disregards the left side of his body and the left side of
his world.
a. agnosia
b. neglect
c. motion blindness
d. attention deficit
32. The question of how separate brain areas combine forces to produce a unified perception of a
single object is called the ____________________________.
a. incongruence
b. convergence
c. evolution
d. binding problem
33. If __________is (are) administered to a female rat immediately after birth, she is more likely to
display____________.
a. androgen inhibitors ; male sexual behaviors
b. androgens ; male sexual behaviors
c. estrogen ; male sexual behaviors
d. androgens ; female sexual behaviors
34. Aphasias occur most often in women when damage is sustained in _________. In men they
occur more frequently when damage is in _________.
a. right hemisphere; left hemisphere
b. left hemisphere; right hemisphere
c. anterior areas; posterior areas
d. posterior areas; anterior areas
35. According to the book, which variable is the best predictor of future aggression?
a. low self-esteem
b. high self-esteem
c. level of remorse
d. past behavior
36. Which statement is true, according to Kimura’s research:
a. women do better than men on mathematical calculations.
b. men are better at fine-motor skills, such as placing pegs in holes.
c. men have been shown to have a better special memory
d. women are better at matching lines with identical slopes
Psychology 100 Madigan Fall 2001
FORM A
page 7
37. Ebbinghaus (1913) demonstrated his relatively poor ability to recall list of syllables in
comparison to later college students. This was probably due to __________.
a. a generational change
b. retroactive interference
c. proactive interference
d. temporal decay
38. Removal of the _____________ in epileptic patient H.M. caused severe ____________.
a. frontal lobes; Korsakoff’s syndrome
b. temporal amygdala; anterograde amnesia
c. hippocampus; anterograde amnesia
d. hippocampus; retrograde amnesia
39. Evidence from brain-damaged amnesics show relatively normal priming, which suggests
___________.
a. normal explicit memory
b. normal implicit memory
c. retarded explicit memory
d. retrograde amnesia
40. According to Kalat, which of the following is not a theory that can account for infantile
amnesia:
a. language incapacity
b. repression
c. immature hippocampus
d. lack of “sense of self”
41. Someone whose corpus callosum has been split is simultaneously shown the words CAT on the
left half of a screen and NAP on the right half. When asked what he or she saw, the person will
probably say _______ , but will point to _______ with the left hand.
a. CAT; NAP
b. NAP; CAT
c. CATNAP; NAPCAT
d. NAPCAT; CATNAP
42. Following brain damage, Frank has been unable to name what he sees in his left visual field. H
however, he can point to the correct answer with his left hand. If he moves his eyes to the left, he
can name the object. What part of his nervous system is probably damaged?
a. occipital lobe of cerebral cortex
b. corpus callosum
c. left temporal lobe of cerebral cortex
d. the entire optic nerve from his right eye
Psychology 100 Madigan Fall 2001
FORM A
page 8
43. People who have had their corpus callosum severed to treat severe epilepsy
a. have trouble walking, which requires using both sides of the body.
b. are generally unable to work or carry on normal activities
c. have difficulty remembering the names of objects.
d. often devise clever ways for the two hemispheres to cooperate.
44. If you cover your right eye, what happens to the visual information that reaches the two
hemispheres of the cerebral cortex?
a. your left hemisphere receives no visual information.
b. your right hemisphere receives no visual information.
c. each hemisphere receives half as much visual information as usual.
d. neither hemisphere receives any visual information.
45. The concept of working memory is most synonymous with:
a. long-term memory
b. episodic memory
c procedural memory
d. one's current sphere of attention.
46. The principle illustrated by this picture in the textbook is:
a. distance invariance
b. distance constancy
c. shape constancy
d. binocular disparity
47. Which method of testing memory is most likely to show signs of memory even in people who
claim that they do not remember something at all?
a. implicit
b. recall
c. recognition
d. cued recall
48. Studies of the neurological patient H.M. and similar patients lead to the conclusion that:
a. people have several separate kinds of memories
b. once something is learned, it is never completely forgotten
c. the visual cortex is essential for all memories, even those that do not involve vision.
d. electrical stimulation of the brain can cause people to confuse a memory of one event with the
memory of another, later event.
Psychology 100 Madigan Fall 2001
FORM A
page 9
49. In a study of children ages 3 to 7, questions were asked about recent medical examinations,
including some leading questions such as "Did the nurse cut your hair?" or "Did the person hit
you?" The results showed that:
a. most of the children reported that the nurse had cut their hair.
b. children who had been abused by their parents said that the person had hit them.
c. under carefully controlled conditions, without repeated suggestions and undue pressure,
children can provide reliable testimony.
d. children will agree with almost any question that is asked.
50. In the Ames room, the tiles towards the back of the room are actually larger than the tiles at the
front of the room. This is done to interfere with distance judgment based on:
a. texture density
b. convergence
c. interposition
d. all of the above
51. In 1848, Phineas Gage was involved in a freak accident in which his prefrontal cortex was
damaged by an iron rod. Following the accident, Gage showed a loss in each of the following
except:
a. language
b. emotion
c. former values
d. ability to follow long-term plans
52. When polygraph examiners administer polygraph tests in order to detect lying
a. they correctly identify liars at levels no better than chance
b. they often detect liars, but they also frequently incorrectly report honest people as lying
c. they often detect liars, and they rarely incorrectly report honest people as lying
d. they are as likely to report a lying person is honest as they are an honest person is lying.
53. One way of stating the James-Lange theory is that
a. emotion depends on activity of the limbic system of the brain
b. emotions are the perceptions of body movements and autonomic changes
c. emotions lead to body movements and autonomic changes
d. performance of difficult tasks is best when arousal is at an intermediate level
54. In the experiment by Schachter and Singer, participants were given injections of epinephrine
and put into a situation that might arouse emotions. Which participants showed the least intensity of
emotional responses?
a. those who were given no instructions about the effects of the injection
b. there were no differences among the groups that received different instructions
c. those who were told the injection would increase their heart rate and hand tremor
d. those who were misinformed that the injection would make them itch
Psychology 100 Madigan Fall 2001
55. The two most invasive brain imaging/observation methods are:
a. single unit recording and PET
b. MRI and MEG
c. MEG and PET
d. EEG and MRI
56. In functional imaging experiments, control conditions usually consist of
a. subjects in quiet, resting states
b. subjects not undergoing brain scans
c. tasks that differ from experimental tasks in only one critical way
d. tasks that cause a reduction in cerebral blood flow throughout the brain
57. Retroactive interference in memory is quite similar to:
a. priming effects
b. backward masking effects
c. engram decay
d. none of the above
58. Anterograde amnesia is to retrograde amnesia as:
a. short-term memory is to long-term memory ??
b. a learning deficit is to a recall deficit
c. retroactive interference is to proactive interference
d. semantic memory is to episodic memory
59. The video of the musician Clive Wearing suggests that:
a. his post-disease episodic memory is impaired
b. his pre-disease episodic memory is impaired
c. his procedural memory system is still functioning
d. all of the above
FORM A
page 10
Psychology 100 Madigan Fall 2001
FORM A
page 11
60. Suppose an Ames room were shaped as indicated in the diagram. Then a person standing at A
would look _____________ a person of the same size standing at B:
a. about the same size as
b. much smaller than
c. much larger than
d. a little smaller than