HEXAG NEWS
HEXAG
NEWS
The Newsletter of the Heat Exchanger Action Group
Issue 18, July 2003
EDITORIAL
The Newsletter
of the Heatand
Exchanger
Following on from earlier submissions to Future
Energy Solutions
thence Action
to theGroup
Carbon
Trust, I am now preparing a short note which it is hoped will form the basis of a case for the
inclusion of Compact Heat Exchangers on the Enhanced Capital Allowance (ECA) List. Working
with Future Energy Solutions and a Focus Group which includes a number of HEXAG members
(and others), it is intended by October 2003 to have a Case prepared which will be submitted to
Government for approval.
Among the more difficult aspects of the preparation of the Case are the definitions of
eligibility for the type(s) of Compact Heat Exchangers to be recommended, and the test
standards. HEXAG members who belong to industrial bodies who have an interest in ‘compacts’,
including manufacturers’ associations and those who organisations participate in relevant
Climate Change Levy Agreements, are invited to contact me during the next 4 weeks to express
their interest.
Initially, we are concentrating on the process industries. Another exercise (see minutes of the
last HEXAG meeting at Brunel – Bob Tucker’s talk) is looking at heat recovery in buildings.
I hope that this will ultimately benefit the heat exchanger industry, and encourage users to
invest in compact heat exchanger technology.
David Reay – HEXAG Co-ordinator,
PO Box 25, Whitley Bay, Tyne & Wear, NE26 1QT, UK. NE26 1QT. Tel: 0191 251 2985. Fax: 0191 252 2229. Email:
DAReay@aol.com
HEXAG Web Site: www.hexag.hw.ac.uk
IN THIS ISSUE
*Editorial
* MTU Clears the way for heat exchanger tests * Ashe Morris constant flux reactor – latest data * Self-cooling drinks can
* Steam compression heat pump project funded by the Carbon Trust * Report- Fifth International Conference on Boiling
Heat Transfer * EPSRC Heat exchanger and heat transfer projects * Job opportunities at Chart Heat Exchangers * Useful
web sites * Recent Literature & Patents * Forthcoming Events/Calls for Papers * HEXAG Help Line *The next HEXAG
Meeting
1
HEXAG NEWS
MTU Clears the Way for Heat Exchanger Tests
Much in the press concerning aviation these days covers the environmental problems created by gas turbine engines, and
the suggestions that airlines should pay tax on aviation fuel! The sector is, however, well aware of the need to minimise
emissions from engines, and heat exchangers have an important role to play in this, as is evident from the article below,
based upon a news item in Flight International, 24-30 June 2003:
MTU, the German high technology company, has produced the first unit for a demonstration heat exchanger for the
CLEAN (Component validator for environmentally friendly aero engines) turbofan (large gas turbine) programme. Testing
of the heat exchanger is scheduled for 2004 in a high altitude simulator in Stuttgart.
The heat exchanger, effectively a tubular recuperator with oval or aerofoil-shaped tubes to minimise pressure drop,
(probably like the tubes GEA used to market for large heat exchanger duties – Editor), has a design thermal efficiency of
58%, (HEXAG News readers may like to compare this with the R-R recuperator we saw at Ansty some years ago). The
potential fuel saving based upon this efficiency could be up to 20%, according to Klaus Steffens, Chief Executive of MTU
Aero Engines. The unit has 7000 m of tubing, but the overall volume and other dimensions are not revealed.
The aim of the MTU work is to use a combination of compressor flow heating (with the recuperator using exhaust gases)
and intercooling to improve compressor efficiency without increasing compressor work. The other lead patner is SNECMA
in France, and it is hoped with the CLEAN turbofan to cut CO 2 emissions by 20% and NOx by 80% Entry of the concept
into service could be around 2015. It would be interesting to know if the Boeing 7E7 will be using recuperated engines - I
have seen no reference to them in current literature on the proposed airliner).
+++++++++++
© Ashe Morris Ltd 2003
Ashe Morris Constant Flux Reactor
Those of you at the Nottingham HEXAG meeting last year will recall the talk by Robert Ashe of Ashe Morris Ltd., a design
company, when he introduced us to an interesting new concept, the variable area heat exchanger. He described this as a
different way of building and using heat exchangers, and illustrated it with an example for controlling the temperature of a
chemical reactor, with a 10 kW heat load.
Subsequently, some research has been successfully completed, and the conclusions resulting from the tests completed in
June 2003 are given below.
Conclusions
• Constant flux delivers unparalleled performance
– Very accurate heat measurement (accurate to within ±0.1% in some tests)
– Precise temperature control under the most severe load changes (generally better than ± 0.10C)
– Good power monitoring – with further improvements expected
– Fast heating and cooling with no overshoot
•Constant flux is a much simpler calorimetry technique
– No time consuming set-up (just turn on and use)
– No calibration (other than for background system losses)
•Constant flux offers a fully scalable solution
– For the first time, accurate calorimetry can be utilised through scale-up and manufacturing
– Accurate on-line monitoring can be used to improve process performance
For further information, Contact: robert.ashe@ashemorris.com
The test data are available on the HEXAG web site as a .pdf file for downloading.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
2
HEXAG NEWS
SELF-COOLING DRINKS CAN
There have been many attempts to cool drinks cans using a self-contained chilling system. Similarly, methods for heating
food packages also exist. However, since the curtailment of direct rejection of refrigerant gases (CFs, HCFCs and more
recently HFCs, the latter being a strong greenhouse gas) to the atmosphere, Joule-Thompson type coolers have been
frowned upon. Our cool drinks are best obtained from a refrigerator!
Now (The Engineer, 10-23 Jan., 2003) it is revealed that desiccant-type coolers can be built in to cans, to provide cooling
of the drink. At the time of writing, it was proposed to test the container by supplying samples to a team taking part in the
Paris-Dakar motor rally, followed by consumer trials late in 2003.
ThermaGen, the French company (see www.Thermagen.com), specialises in evaporative cooling systems, and the ‘iceshake’ can cool a 30 cl drink to 15oC in less than three minutes. For desert use this may be fully adequate as the drinks may
be initially at 40oC or more. However, for domestic use we would prefer temperatures rather less than 15 oC for cool lager!
The cooling system comprises a heat exchanger (a tube with longitudinal fins projecting into the drinks compartment), a
desiccant similar to a clay to absorb water, and 1 cl of water. The desiccant sustains the cooling reaction, the heat being
removed from the drink via the heat exchanger immersed in it.
Illustration on the company web site suggest that the cooling system effectively doubles the volume of the can, and of
course will add to the cost. It is claimed that the system can be recycled, however.
*********************************************
Steam Compression Heat Pump Project
Funded by The Carbon Trust
Introduction
Steam is used throughout the process industries in the UK as a convenient source of heat. The usual source of this steam is
a centralised boiler plant containing a medium pressure boiler burning fossil fuel, and operating at a pressure of 8 to 10 bar
gauge. At the point of use the steam pressure is then frequently reduced to between 0.5 and 2.0 bar gauge.
Although the nominal efficiency of steam boilers typically used in the UK can be greater than 80% at full output, the
efficiency of heat delivery to the process may be much lower. Start-up, shut-down, distribution and other losses, have to be
taken into account, and also the effects of part load operation.
For many steam-using sites, the boiler plant consumes the major part of all fuel purchased, and steam raising accounts for a
large portion of the total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. There is therefore considerable benefit to be derived by
improving the efficiency with which low pressure steam is provided for process applications.
Steam Compression Heat Pumps
There are many working examples of open cycle water vapour heat pumps, and the technique they frequently employ is
Mechanical Vapour Recompression (MVR).
The first process plants of this type put into operation used gear-driven centrifugal compressors, based on designs used for
gas compression which were both complex and expensive. Initial applications were therefore limited to relatively large
duties, with power inputs to the compressor frequently in excess of 500 kW.
Subsequently, other types of compressor such as Roots type blowers, screw compressors, and high pressure fans came into
use, and this significantly increased the range of duties to which MVR was applied.
3
HEXAG NEWS
Unfortunately, MVR has been perceived to be at best only marginally economical in the UK. The reasons for this include :



The compressors are usually electrically driven, and the price of electricity relative to other fuels has proved a
hurdle in some cases.
UK businesses seek short payback periods on all equipment, regardless of the scale of the annual savings.
A failure to appreciate the full range of benefits that will follow from the application of the technology at a
particular site.
Steam compression heat pumps have the potential to substantially reduce process energy usage with the attendant benefits
of reduced primary energy inputs and carbon dioxide emissions. It is therefore very important that their use is objectively
assessed on the basis of the equipment and systems that are or could readily be available.
This Project
The main objective of the project was to investigate the use of steam compression heat pumps as a means of providing low
pressure steam for process applications. The work has included an assessment of compressors and drive systems that are
now actually or potentially available, and recent developments in the design of compressors and high speed motors.
The steam input to the heat pump can be derived from a wide variety of sources, and those considered have included engine
cooling water, hot effluents, and hot water produced in other processes.
A further part of the project has considered economic factors such as capital and operating costs. The wide variation in
duties and site conditions means that a detailed investigation into each application must be made in order to establish all the
benefits that will result from a particular application of the technology. However, a simplified spreadsheet calculation for
potential users has been developed, which allows an initial assessment of a particular application to be made.
Conclusions
There is now increased interest in the use of steam compression heat pumps for industrial applications in the UK. This is
partly due to lower electricity prices, and partly because of energy efficiency targets forming part of Climate Change Levy
Agreements. Additionally, the use of a heat pump will alter the balance between the various forms of energy used on site,
which may be important when CHP systems are being considered.
This project has shown that steam compression heat pumps can reduce energy consumption, operating costs, and carbon
dioxide emissions. Large savings can be made when the steam input is derived from an otherwise waste heat flow.
Additionally, development for steam compression applications of some of the compressors and drives now available has the
potential to significantly reduce capital costs. This would greatly increase the number of uses for the technology.
For further information please contact Fred Brotherton, Beedes Limited, 01 444 250708 or fred.brotherton@beedes.co.uk
++++++++++
Report - Fifth International Conference on Boiling Heat Transfer
Montego Bay, Jamaica, May 4-8, 2003
About 80 delegates attended the 5th ICBHT at the Sunspree Holiday Inn, Montego Bay, Jamaica,
in early May. Some 50 papers and 12 Keynote Lectures were presented, and there was ample
opportunity for discussion of all apects of boiling heat transfer, both in formal sessions and
informally. All aspects of the subject were covered, with the emphasis tending towards the
mechanisms and analysis of the boiling process.
Not surprisingly, given the location of the conference, the US delegates provided the largest
contingent of delegates with about 50 attendees. Some 15 Germans attended, while only the UK
4
HEXAG NEWS
was represented by 3 delegates, reflecting the differential in research funding in this area.
Notwithstanding, the conference had a truly international flavour and presented an excellent
insight into the contemporary issues governing the state-of-the-art in boiling heat transfer.
A
programme,
listing
the
papers
presented
is
available
at
www.doceconferences.ufl.edu/ICBHT/agenda.asp and delegates have printed proceedings. Selected papers
presented at the conference will be published in a special issue of the International Journal of
Heat and Fluid Flow.
HEXAG members requiring further information should contact
P.A.Kew@hw.ac.uk
EPSRC HEAT EXCHANGER & HEAT TRANSFER CURRENT PROJECTS
Emma Feltham of EPSRC has provided HEXAG with a listing of all current projects in heat
exchangers (listed below) and heat transfer (a small selection listed below).
This information is available on the EPSRC website (www.epsrc.ac.uk under the Grant Progress
Checker http://www.epsrc.ac.uk/website/gow/gowdefault.aspx?ZoneID=1&LozID=9 using a free
text search for "heat exchange" or "heat transfer"). The data sent by Emma will also be available on
the HEXAG web site.
The project data are arranged as follows:
5
Project Title
HEXAG NEWS
Investigator
Institution
£ Value
Status
Innovations in Heat Recovery Systems for Tubular Heat Exchangers
Dr PW James
University of Plymouth
154,759
Asymmetric Radiant Fields & Human Thermal Comfort
Dr D Fiala
De Montfort University
63,057
THE USE OF WINDOWS FOR PRE-HEATING VENTILATION TO BUILDINGS
Dr ME McEvoy
University of Cambridge
36,991
ROPA: ADVANCED COOLING TECHNIQUE FOR GAS-ASSISTED INJECTION
MOULDED ARTICLES
Dr GF Smith
University of Warwick
118,570
CAPILLARY ASSISTED DIRECT-EXCHANGE WATER EVAPORATOR
Dr HM Sabir
Kingston University
61,158
OXYGEN ISOTAPE EFFECT IN THE NORMAL-STATE PSEUDOGAP OF
HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS
Professor WY Liang
University of Cambridge
9,058
THE USE OF WINDOWS FOR PRE-HEATING VENTILATION TO BUILDINGS
Dr ME McEvoy
University of Westminster
136,110
SOOT PRODUCTION IN LAMINAR DIFFUSION FLAMES BURNING
BLENDED FUELS AT ELEVATED PRESSURE
Professor JB Moss
Cranfield University
119,126
6
THE INTERACTION OF HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS WITH THE
NATURAL VENTILATION OF BUILDINGS
HEXAG NEWS
FARADAY FAST TRACK PROPOSAL: PRACTICAL MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF SCRAPPED SURFACE
HEAT EXCHANGERS
Professor CP Please
University of Southampton
101,761
Heat transfer and fluorine emissions from the mould in continuous casting
Professor KC Mills
Imperial College London
252,559
A Theoretical Investigation of Flow Boiling in Capillaries.
Professor SK Wilson
University of Strathclyde
137,414
Turbulent Forced Convective Heat Transfer Over Vibrating Surfaces: An Experimental Investigation
Dr E Benard
Queen's University of Belfast
65,391
Innovations in Heat Recovery Systems for Tubular Heat Exchangers
Dr PW James
University of Plymouth
154,759
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEAT TRANSFER & AERODYNAMICS FOR FILM-COOLED AXIAL TURBINE
TIP-CLEARANCE FLOW
Dr GD Lock
University of Bath
177,716
HEAT TRANSFER IN GAS TURBINE COMBUSTORS
Dr AL Heyes
Imperial College London
279,603
+++++++++++
JOB OPPORTUNITIES AT CHART HEAT EXCHANGERS
Chart Heat Exchangers in Wolverhampton has two vacancies for chemical engineers:
1) Projects Engineer: To be employed on the design, selection and application of plate-fin heat exchangers to meet
customers’ specifications, taking into account process & mechanical requirements together with overall plant
7
HEXAG NEWS
installation and operation. With growing experience, responsibilities will include providing the full technical &
commercial tender followed up by customer visits and final contract negotiation.
2) Applications Engineer: This position is for a chemical engineer with specific knowledge of and experience in the
application of reaction processes within the chemical industry. A rage of duties that will vary to support the final
development and commercialisation of a range of compact heat exchanger/rector devices will be performed. This key
product application position, with a small enthusiastic team, will be focused towards identifying suitable chemical
reaction applications for the product range, developing market opportunities and implementing initial hardware sales.
Qualifications & Experience: Suitable candidates will have an Honours Degree in Chemical Engineering, knowledge of
computer use, PC program writing and an interest in thermal design and chemical engineering processes will be an
advantage.
Knowledge of thermodynamics, heat transfer, fluid flow and pressure losses, with experience in manufacturing techniques
and welding desirable. Good communication skills with a willingness to learn and an ability to work professionally with
people at all levels.
Initial starting salaries would be in the range of £18,000 to £20,000, depending upon experience. Detailed job descriptions
are available upon request.
Applications & CV to:
Mrs. J.F. Heath, Chart Heat Exchangers LP, Wobaston Road, Fordhouses, Wolverhampton WV10
6QB.
CHART PHONE NUMBER IS: 01902 394800; FAX 01902 398616, WEB www.chart-ind.com
************************************
USEFUL WEB SITES
International Institute of Refrigeration
www.iifiir.org
The IUR has a bimonthly newsletter, which carries information on conferences in the
refrigeration/cryogenics area, news of IIR activities, and information on other IIR publications.
The IEA Heat Pump Centre
www.heatpumpcentre.org/products/products.shtml
**********
Recent Literature & Patents
In this regular section of HEXAG News, recent publications are briefly reviewed, and patents believed of interest to
readers are identified. The Editor invites contributions identified by HEXAG members in order to increase awareness of
heat exchanger activities world-wide. The transfer of technology from one sector to another allows you to eliminate
unnecessary R&D, and helps the solution of problems which may be outside your normal areas of experience or expertise.
Some of the reviews are obviously aimed at encouraging this. In this issue, some additional patent web sites are detailed.
Searches in all databases can be done on the basis of key words for the technology, patent numbers, (where known),
companies or inventors. Care should be taken in ascertaining where 'free' access stops and charges begin, e.g. for
ordering the full patent specification.
The UK Patent Office has its own web site, offering a variety of facilities. Free access to patent abstracts and other
services is available: http://www.patent.gov.uk/
8
HEXAG NEWS
Once onto the UK Patent Office Home Page, directions to the patent search are given. On clicking on this, one is given
access to the interface to the published patent application databases of the UK Patent Office, the European Patent Office
and other European national patent offices. There is also access to the database of published patent applications:
Esp@cenet
Full copies of the specification, drawings and claims can be viewed on line, if they are available. Using a key word search
for compact heat exchangers, for example, the user will find patent abstracts from Eastern and Western Europe, as well as
the USA.
Perhaps the best data sources for patents, in terms of web accessibility and ease of searching, are those associated with
United States Patents. Abstracts, and other limited access is free of charge, (except for your own web time charges) at two
sites:
http://www.uspto.gov/ - This is the United States Patent and Trademark Office Home Page and is the official site for
searching the US patent database.
http://www.delphion.com The Delphion Intellectual Property Network also lists US patents, searchable by key words,
patent numbers, assignees, etc.
For access to more specific data sources on patents, such as vehicle patents, use the web search engine with key words
such as 'patents' or ''US patents' to obtain a full listing..
One useful feature of some patent databases is that you can view a picture of the device being patented - not available with
most abstract services, such as the one I use for the abstracts below. Patents are one area where a picture is worth many
thousands of words!
A selection of the latest US Patents on heat transfer & heat exchangers:
US Patent 6513581 Heat exchanger with a reduced tendency to produce deposits and method for producing same.
Assigned to BASF Aktiendesellschaft, Germany.
Issued 4 February 2003.
The invention relates to a process for the production of a heat transfer device, which comprises electroless chemical
deposition of a metal/polymer dispersion layer, in which the polymer is halogenated, on a heat transfer surface. The
invention also relates to a process for the production of a heat transfer device, wherein a metal/phosphorous layer with a
thickness of from 1 to 15 microns is applied by electroless chemical deposition before application of the metal/polymer
dispersion layer. The invention further relates to a heat transfer device which can be produced by a process according to the
invention, and to the use of a coating, produced by electroless chemical deposition of a metal/polymer dispersion layer, in
which the polymer is halogeneated, for reducing the tendency of the coated surfaces to accumulate solids from fluids,
causing fouling.
+++++
US Patent 6507490 Heat pipe hinge structure for electronic device.
Assigned to the Furukawa Electric Co., Japan,
Issued: 14 January 2003.
A heat pipe hinge structure for an electronic device comprises a heat pipe hinge member and a hinge portion. The heat pipe
hinge member is made of a high heat-conductive material disposed at a coupling potion in which a pair of housing portions
to be opened and closed are coupled. The heat pipe hinge member comprises a heat pipe hinge main body to receive heat
from a heat generating component disposed in one of the pair of housing portions, and a heat pipe holding portion provided
in a vicinity if the heat pipe hinge main body to pivotably hold by an elastic member at least a part of a first heat pipe
disposed in the pair of housing portions. The hinge portion is made of a low heat-conductive material to fix the heat pipe
hinge member on at least one housing portion of the pair of housing portions.
(In other words, this covers a way of joining heat pipes in the base of a laptop computer (cooling the CPU) to the heat
pipe(s) in the sink – the lid of the laptop).
9
HEXAG NEWS
++++++++
US Patent 6513583 Heat exchanger
Assigned to Serck Aviation Limited
Issued: 4 February 2003.
A heat exchanger has a shell formed of several sections placed side by side and each defining an intermediate baffle
forming part of a spiral surface. The adjacent sections define together a spiral path extending through the shell in the
direction of its axis. Tubes extend in this axial direction through aligned holes provided in each shell section. The tubes
communicate between end spaces comprising an inlet and outlet for the first fluid. The use of shell sections provides a
convenient construction method for the heat exchanger while the spiral path for the second fluid gives better flow
characteristics.
++++
Recent Heat Transfer Papers:
Long term test of buried gas insulated transmission lines (GIL) A. Chakira, Y. Sofianea, N. Aqueletb and M. Souli, b
a Siemens AG, High Voltage, Power Transmission and Distribution Paul-Gossen Str. 100, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
b Laboratoire de Mécanique de Lille, Université de Lille, CNRS 1441, Bd Paul Langevin, Villeneuve D'Ascq F-59655,
France
Applied Thermal Engineering, Volume 23, Issue 13 , September 2003, Pages 1681-1696
Abstract
Transmitting high amounts of electrical power with an underground transmission installation requires high performance
systems with low losses due to thermal effects. Gas insulated transmission lines (GIL) are an excellent means of
transmitting power in such a way. An analysis using the FEM-method (ANSYS) was carried out to study the unsteady state
behaviour of buried GIL. In a long duration test the GIL the calculated results were compared to the results of the
measurement to check the accuracy of the numerical model so that it could be used for the design and improvement of
future applications.
*******
Numerical simulation of porous latent heat thermal energy storage for thermoelectric cooling. Juan P. Trelles and John J.
Dufly,
Department of Energy Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
Applied Thermal Engineerin,g Volume 23, Issue 13 , September 2003, Pages 1647-1664
Abstract
Porous latent heat thermal energy storage for thermoelectric cooling is simulated via a matrix-based enthalpy formulation,
having the temperature as unknown, in a three-dimensional domain. The system is made up of two aluminum containers;
the inner one contains the cooling objective in water suspension and the outer one the phase change material (PCM) in a
porous aluminum matrix. The system's charging and discharging processes are simulated for constant thermoelectric
module cold side temperature under different porosities of the aluminum matrix. The mathematical modeling approach
simplifies the analysis while the metal matrix in the PCM greatly improves performance. A direct application of the studied
system is vaccine conservation in solar powered thermoelectric cooling systems.
********
Saturated flow boiling of water in a vertical small diameter tube. Baduge Sumith, Fumito Kaminaga, and Kunihito
Matsumura
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanausawa, Hitachi 316-8511, Japan
Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Volume 27, Issue 7, September 2003, Pages 789-801
Abstract
The characteristics of flow boiling heat transfer of water in a vertical tube with a 1.45 mm diameter, which is less than the
Laplace constant, are experimentally studied under atmospheric pressure and forced flow condition. Local heat transfer
10
HEXAG NEWS
coefficients are measured in a range of mass fluxes from 23.4 to 152.7 kg/m2 s, heat fluxes from 10 to 715 kW/m2 and
quality up to 0.8. The effects of mass flux, heat flux and quality on the boiling heat transfer coefficient are examined. Large
heat transfer enhancement is observed and existing flow boiling correlations largely underpredict the heat transfer
coefficient especially for a low heat flux condition. The underprediction gradually decreases with increasing heat flux. The
dominant flow pattern in the tube is a slug-annular or an annular flow, and then liquid film evaporation is found to dominate
the heat transfer. A heat transfer prediction method is proposed to reproduce the heat transfer coefficient in the flow pattern.
The Katto's critical heat flux (CHF) correlation consistently predicts the present CHF values but overpredicts by 20%.
*******
Experimental investigation of droplet dynamics and heat transfer in spray cooling. W. Jiaa and H. -H. Qiu, , b
a Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
b Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon,
Hong Kong, SAR, China
Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Volume 27, Issue 7, September 2003, Pages 829-838
Abstract
Experimental investigation on droplet dynamics and heat transfer in spray cooling was conducted. Water and water
solutions with different surfactant additions (sodium dodecyl sulphate) were used to cool a 10 mm in diameter, horizontal
copper surface. A multi-nozzle spray system was constructed for studying the effects of mass flux on spray cooling. This
multi-nozzle system provides a variable mass flux spray from 0.156 to 1.20 kg/m2 s with a diameter and velocity variation
less than 20%. The incoming and outgoing droplets were characterised in situ with a newly developed laser phase-Doppler
anemometry (PDA). It was found that the heat transfer process in spray cooling can be divided into four regimes using the
expulsion rate defined as the ratio of local outgoing to incoming mass fluxes. The advantage of the surfactant addition in
spray cooling has also been investigated. Besides adding surfactant results in relative small diameters for both impinging
and expulsing droplets, the slope of the droplet expulsion rate at the transition to the critical heat flux (CHF) regime also
changes sharply with surfactant addition which results in a almost constant heat removal rate near the CHF regime. This
character may provide an additional safety mechanism for a heat transfer device to avoid burnout.
+++++++++
FORTHCOMING EVENTS
International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) World Congress, Washington DC, August 17-22,
2003.
This event covers a wide range of refrigeration technologies, including thermodynamics & heat transfer, heat pumps and
energy recovery. Email: nadineg@conferencemanagers.com
UK National Heat Transfer Conference, Oxford, 9-10 September 2003.
hosted by David Kenning at Oxford University, will be held at St. Anne’s College Oxford on 9 & 10
September 2003. Details of the Conference are on the web site:
http://www.heat-transfer.org.uk/ukht2003/
PARSONS 2003 – 6th International Charles Parsons Turbine Conference, Trinity College,
Dublin, 16-18 September 2003.
See: www.materials.org.uk/iomevents/parsons2003
*****
CALLS FOR PAPERS
11
HEXAG NEWS
3rd International Conference on Heat Powered Cycles, HPC 2004 Cooling, Heating and Power
Generation Systems, 11th - 13th October 2004, Larnaca, Cyprus.
Announcement, 1st Call For Abstracts
HPC 2004 will be the third meeting of this series and will build upon the success of the two previous
conferences in Nottingham and Paris in 1997 and 2001 respectively. The conference general themes
include advances in refrigeration and cooling systems and heating and power generation systems.
Other related aspects of thermodynamics, renewables and heat and mass transfer are also included.
Please refer to the more detailed list available on the website and the brochure. Current research effort
has to contribute towards sustainable global development and the HPC Conferences aim to bring
together engineers and scientists working towards this common goal in the area of heating and cooling.
For further information including abstract submission and relevant dates, venue and accommodation
arrangements, please refer to the conference website: www.hpc2004.com
For technical information please refer to Dr Ian Eames or Professor Tassos Karayiannis:
Dr Ian Eames
Chairman of International Scientific Committee
University of Nottingham, tel: ++44(0) 1159513132
Email: ian.eames@nottingham.ac.uk
Professor Tassos Karayiannis
Chairman of International Organising Committee
London South Bank Unversity, tel: ++ 44 (0) 02078157682
Email: karayitg@sbu.ac.uk
******
3rd International Symposium on Two-Phase Flow Modelling and Experimentation, Pisa,
September 22-24, 2004
NEW DEADLINES FOR ABSTRACT SUBMISSION
After the great success of the first two symposia (1995 in Rome, with 220 participants, and 1999 in Pisa, with 292
participants), the Assembly of World Conferences on Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
is organising the 3rd International Symposium on Two-Phase Flow Modelling and Experimentation, to be held in
Pisa, Italy, during September 22-24, 2004 (http://www.ing.unipi.it/pisa04/). The objectives are to bring together
researchers, designers, experimentalists, modellers, and numerical analysts from industry, laboratories and academia, active
in the area of two-phase and multiphase flow, to present the state-of-the-art, to exchange their expertise and experiences and
to further stimulate their research activities. Contributed papers are requested dealing with experimental work, theory,
analysis, design, numerical studies, modelling on fundamentals and applications of two-phase and multiphase flows,
including heat and mass transfer, fluid mechanics and thermodynamics aspects. Papers are also solicited reporting
measurement or visualization techniques, innovative instrumentation, and analysis of experimental data, as well as theory or
numerical results. The Symposium will have keynote lectures in plenary session and contributed papers of latest research
results through parallel oral sessions.
DEADLINES
*Abstract due to Lead Scientists (1-page) 24 October 2003 (new)
*Abstract acceptance 14 November 2003 (new)
*Full-length manuscript (pdf file) to Lead Scientists 15 January 2004
*Full-length manuscript acceptance 31 March 2004
12
HEXAG NEWS
*Camera-ready pdf file to Lead Scientists 20 May 2004
All pertaining information can be found at http://www.ing.unipi.it/
13th
******
International Heat Pipe Conference, Shanghai, China, 21-25 September 2004.
The 13th International Heat Pipe Conference will be held in Shanghai, September 21-25, 2004. This conference is planned
to provide a forum for exchange of information and experience between scientists and engineers working in the field of heat
and mass transfer and thermal engineering as related to heat pipes. This international meeting will provide an opportunity to
review the state-of-the-art of heat pipe and closed two-phase heat transfer system technology. The conference will be
organised under the auspices of the International Heat Pipe Conference Committee.
Topics for the 13th International Heat Pipe Conference

¡¡

¡¡

¡¡


¡¡
¡¡

¡¡

¡¡
Fundamental study on thermal and fluid dynamic phenomena associated with heat pipe and two-phase
closed thermosyphons
Theoretical and experimental studies on heat pipes including CPL, LHP, oscillating heat pipes, microheat pipes, etc.
Applications in manufacturing process and material processing. Including new developments in wick,
fluid, and envelope technology, experimental studies and modelling of corrosion and life phenomena
Microelectronics and power electronics cooling and thermal control applications
Industrial applications including heat pipe heat exchangers or new energy system, etc.
Aerospace applications of heat pipes including spacecraft thermal control, space power systems, space
experiments and high speed aircraft applications
State-of-art survey of heat pipe development in different countries and different fields and new ideas of
heat pipe development.
Papers
Contributors should submit an extended abstract about 300~500 words of their paper. Abstract has to be prepared on the
sheet of A4 size (297¡Á210mm) with all margins equal to 25mm. The text should be typed in Times New Roman font and
using the MS-WORD editor (any version). Further more, postal address, telephone, fax, and e-mail address are desirable
together with the abstract. The abstract can be preferably submitted by e-mail or by post as a hard copy.
Language
The conference working language will be English.
Deadlines
December 31, 2003:
January 31, 2004:
June 15, 2004:
July 15, 2004:
Receipt of extended abstracts.
Notification of acceptance of paper
Deadline of Manuscript of Full Papers
Notification of Acceptance of Full Papers
Correspondence Address
Prof. Hou Zengqi
Dr. Xu Xiaoping
Chinese Academy of Space Technology
¡¡
P. O. Box:
9628-5, Beijing,100086, P. R. China
Tel:
(+86)-10-62658791
Fax:
(+86)-10-68378449
13
HEXAG NEWS
ihpc@ihpc2004.org.cn n
E-Mail:
houzengqi@e-cast.com.c
Information can be found at:
http://www.ihpc2004.org.cn
HEXAG HELP LINE
The HEXAG Help Line operates to deal with enquiries concerning any aspect of heat exchanger technology.
Contact: David Reay or the HEXAG Web Site
THE NEXT HEXAG MEETING
The date & venue of the next meeting have yet to be fixed, but I hope to be able to
agree a venue in the next few weeks.
Members will be sent information as soon as arrangements are completed.
Please contact David Reay (DAReay@aol.com) if you wish to offer a venue
14