ANSWER SCHEME:
Test 2
MGT 534/542/531/OKT 2011(ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
Note: The following answer act as guidelines for the examiners when marking students’ answer scripts.
Wherever relevant, lecturers may use personal discretion.
PART A
QUESTION ONE
Four (4) external forces:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Demographic
Technological advancements
Consumer/market changes
Social/political
One (1) internal force:
1) Human resources problems/prospects and managerial behavior/decisions
(2 marks for each with the correct explanation)
(10 marks)
QUESTION TWO
Three stages involved:
1) Unfreezing the status quo
2) Changing the desired element
3) Refreezing to maintain the changes.
(3 marks for each with the correct explanation, 1 mark for lecturer’s discretion)
(10 marks)
QUESTION THREE
Five (5) sources of resistance to change:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Direct cost
Saving face
Fear of unknown
Breaking routine
Incongruent team dynamic
Incongruent organizational system.
(2 marks for each with the correct explanation)
(10 marks)
QUESTION FOUR
Five (5) strategies to reduce resistance:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Communication
Learning
Employee involvement
Stress management
Negotiation or Coercion
(2 mark for each with a brief explanation)
PART B
QUESTION ONE
a) Differentiate between team and group
Team groups of two or more people who interact and influence each other, are mutually
accountable for achieving common goals associated with organizational objectives and
perceive themselves as a social entity within an organization.
Groups- Is just two or more people who group together/interact to each other they may have
different goal that they try to achieve..
(2 marks for each)
b) Three (3) types of task interdependent:
1) Pooled interdependence
2) Sequential interdependence
3) Reciprocal interdependence
(2 marks for each with correct explanation)
QUESTION TWO
a) Social networking is cultivating social relationships with others to accomplish one’s goals.
(2 marks)
b) Three (3) possible ways:
i.
Social capital
ii.
Identification
iii.
Recognition
(6 marks)
c) Excluded from informal management network due to other factors such as-based on gender and
race.
(2 mark)
QUESTION THREE
a) Constructive conflict-A type of conflict in which people focus their discussion on the issue while
maintaining respect for people having other points of view.
Relationship conflict-A type of conflict in which people focus on characteristics of other
individuals rather than on the issues as the source of conflict.
(2 marks for each)
b) Strategies:
i.
Emotional intelligence
ii.
Cohesive team
iii.
Supportive team norms
QUESTION FOUR
a) Leadership –Influencing, motivating and enabling others to contribute toward the effectiveness
and success of the organizations of which they are members.
((2 marks)
b) Task oriented leadership-Leadership will be more focus on task to be accomplish
People oriented leadership-Leadership will be more focus on people or individual in order to
make them do the task.
((2 marks)
c) Leader who focuses on task oriented will experience high in absenteeism, grievance, turnover
and job dissatisfaction.
Leader who focuses on people oriented will experience low in job performance.
(6 marks)