Land Boundaries
Section 14
14.1
Marking Requirements for Surveys
Introduction
In determining the marking requirements for a cadastral survey the surveyor must address
both the needs of the client and statutory requirements. The latter ensures that the survey
strengthens the local cadastre, irrespective of the client's needs.
Cadastral survey marking requirements include the physical marking of all new
boundaries, and the placement of permanent, State survey (PSM & SSM) and reference
marks.
PSMs and SSMs represent the prime physical evidence of cadastral boundaries. Their
long term retention is of great benefit to the community by facilitating unambiguous
redefinition of boundaries and a reduction in future survey costs. It is therefore essential
that the selection and siting of PSMs and SSMs used on a survey be undertaken with a
view to both their long term protection and ease of future relocation.
Marking requirements vary according to the area (DSA, tertiary network, non network) and
land use (see SGD2 for land use definitions; the main distinction, that is between urban
and rural, is set at the half hectare level). This section describes these differing
requirements.
The exception from final placement of survey marks in the certification (SGD3) only applies
to final marking of subdivisions (more than five allotments). All other surveys must strike
out this exception.
14.2
Controlling Legislation
Authority for marking land boundaries is found in the Survey Act, Regulations and
Surveyor-General's Direction No.2.
Section 43 of the Survey Act 1992 provides:
43 - Survey Instructions
(1) The Governor may, by regulation, issue survey instructions in relation to cadastral
surveys and records of cadastral surveys.
(2) Without limiting the generality of subsection (1), survey instructions may(d) regulate the form, establishment, custody, maintenance, removal or
reinstatement of survey marks;
Survey Regulations 2007 defines the term survey mark:
12 - Survey marks
For the purpose of the Act and these regulations, State survey marks and survey
1
pegs are specified as survey marks.
Note –
1
Permanent survey marks are included within the definition of survey mark in section 4 of the Act.
14.3
Permanent and State Survey Marks
a.
Interpretation
This section will differentiate between PSMs and SSMs according to their respective
interpretations under the Survey Act and Regulations where it is necessary to avoid
confusion.
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The following have been gazetted as PSMs, pursuant to Section 49(3):
1. a below ground permanent survey mark being a brass plaque inscribed survey mark or
a steel rod measuring at least 300 millimetres in length and 10 millimetres in diameter
set in a concrete block measuring at least 150 millimetres square at the top, 250
millimetres square at the base and 300 millimetres in depth.
2. an above ground permanent survey mark being a brass plaque inscribed survey mark
or a metal rod set in a concrete pillar firmly secured in the ground.
3. stainless steel pins, at least 50mm long and 5mm in diameter, with inscribed washer
suitable for permanent installation in concrete.
The last of these, stainless steel pins, are exclusively for placement in Community
Plans, see Section 14.7 for more detail.
PSMs are the marks historically referred to as Network PSMs and will continue to be
identified by the symbol:
The following marks are defined as State survey marks at Regulation 10:
State survey mark means(a) a brass plaque inscribed survey mark set in a concrete block measuring at least 150
millimetres square on the top, 250 millimetres square at the base and 300 millimetres
in depth; or
(b) a beacon being a wooden or metal tripod or quadripod fixed to the ground, or a stone
cairn supporting a wooden, metal or plastic vane or cap, constructed for survey
observations; or
(c) any other mark approved by the Surveyor-General as a State survey mark
permanently placed on land for use in surveying.
SSMs are the marks previously referred to either as non-Network PSMs (in network areas)
or PSMs outside network areas; they shall be identified by the symbol:
b.
Density & Spacing
1.
Urban Within DSAs
See section 2.6f for the policy on placement of new PSMs in urban parts of DSAs.
The guidelines below are used by Survey Operations in determining the location of
PSMs. They consist of two parts, initial rules and checking rules. The checking rules are
intended for just that; they are not used in the initial design.
These guidelines are provided so as surveyors will have an understanding of the
number of PSMs required.
Initial Rules
 Approximately 250m spacing (traverse distance) for straight road patterns reducing
to 200m for curved roads.
 PSMs to be staggered to form a "T" pattern (see Figure 1).
 All cul de sacs more than 75m long shall have a PSM, preferably at the turning circle
end.
 All roads longer than 150m shall have a PSM.
 Very wide streets, dual carriageways, railway lines, rivers and other similar features
should be marked at the appropriate spacing on both sides of the feature to facilitate
future surveys.
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 When in doubt place too many PSMs rather than too few. (Keep in mind that under
section 14.4 c. reference marks are not required in DSAs. It is preferable to have an
extra PSM in lieu of many reference marks.)
Checking Rules
 Count the number of intermediate road junction (ignoring lanes) between the
junctions or bends that PSMs are located at. If more than two then another PSM is
required. This criteria should be tested on all road routes between adjacent PSMs.
 Circles of radius of 150m centred on all PSMs should cover the area under design. If
not then another PSM is required in the vicinity of the remaining hole. Ignore large
areas of open space.
Figure 1 - ‘T’ Pattern Design
2. Urban Outside DSAs
For all divisions of land into more than five allotments/lots or a new road, Survey
Operations shall advise the surveyor of the preferred SSM locations. This shall be done
using the guidelines shown in 1. above.
On other certified surveys a minimum of two SSMs are required. They should be
situated to provide overall control of the area encompassing all boundaries being
defined. Additional SSMs are required to satisfy the following spacings. Generally the
spacings are based on SSMs being at the extremities of the survey:

maximum spacing between SSMs along roads of 250m. To ensure that SSMs
placed can eventually be integrated into the tertiary network, the guidelines in 1.
above should also be considered.
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
where the distance between road bends or corners exceeds 250m the spacing can
be extended to the next road bend, however the spacing is not to exceed 450m.

in fringe urban/rural areas marks should be spaced 250-450m apart; acceptable
mark spacing increases with parcel size.
3. Rural Within DSAs numbered up to 500
New PSMs should not be placed in DSAs numbered up to 500 without the approval of
the Surveyor-General (see SGD2 section 5.1). For all surveys in these DSAs Survey
Operations shall advise the surveyor of the preferred PSM locations. This shall be
done using the guidelines shown in 4. below.
4. Rural Within DSAs numbered 500 onwards and Outside DSAs
On certified surveys outside DSAs a minimum of 2 SSMs are required, while in DSAs
500 onward a minimum of 3 PSMs or 2 PSMs and 1 SSM are required. They should be
situated to provide overall control of the area encompassing all boundaries being
defined. Additional SSMs are required to satisfy the following maximum spacings.
Generally the spacings are based on PSMs and SSMs being at the extremities of the
survey:
 1000m along roads in Adelaide Hills and Horticultural Areas (defined in SGD2).
 2000m along roads in other rural areas.
These spacings may only be extended along road straights exceeding these lengths if
side boundary junctions with either side of the road are not within 1000m (Adelaide
hills and horticultural) or 2000m (other rural) of the ends of the straight. In this case
the PSM and SSM spacing may be extended to the vicinity of a side boundary junction
provided spacings of 1500m or 3000m, respectively, are not exceeded.
SSMs are also required near internal (non road) boundaries. The most direct route
along internal boundaries between PSMs and SSMs (whether or not they are in roads)
should be no more than 1500m (Hills and horticultural) or 3000m (other rural). Spacings
exceeding these limits should be reduced by placing another SSM adjacent to the
internal boundary.
In pastoral areas the rural maximum spacing may be exceeded with the prior approval
of Survey Operations.
c.
Siting
Long term preservation of new PSMs and SSMs will be enhanced by siting the mark where
it is least likely to be disturbed. The following factors are relevant to preferred sites:
 Within urban areas, the non common trench side of roads. (Surveyors should not feel
constrained by the previously allocated corridor 0.25 metres from the property line.)
 For marks along roads, within the road reserve.
 At road bends, on the outside of the curve.
 Clear of fencing operations.
 Clear of intended or foreseeable earth or construction work.
 When placed near internal boundaries, adjacent to an occupied bend or boundary
intersection.
PSMs and SSMs can also be sited for more direct connection by placing in a position that
allows:
 direct occupation of the mark (a location 0.5m from the back of the kerb has been
identified as suitable).
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 intervisibility to other PSMs and SSMs or prominent reference objects, for example trig
beacons or obelisks.
 GPS observation.
However, this siting should not compromise the safety of the mark.
To minimise confusion and mark maintenance requirements it is preferable to use an
existing non-cadastral SSM or convert a cadastral reference mark rather than site a new
SSM nearby.
In situations where an existing PSM or SSM could be endangered by the creation of a cut
corner a new SSM shall be placed in a safe location back from the cut. This requirement
does not apply where the cut corner is created without survey, or the survey does not
redefine the corner being cut. If there is no PSM or SSM at the corner and one is to be
placed then it must be placed in a safe location, not adjacent to the old intersection corner.
d.
Construction
PSMs and SSMs placed on cadastral surveys must be constructed to the specifications in
Regulation 10.
Brass plaques for use in PSMs and SSMs must be inscribed with the words “survey mark”
and have a vacant flat area for stamping the mark number. Plaques can be obtained from
the Survey Operations Survey Depot (see ‘Contact Numbers’ attached to section 1).
Where PSM's and SSMs are poured in situ the recommended mix is 3 parts 10mm metal,
2 parts clean sand, 1 part cement. Handyman packs of concrete are recommended as an
alternative to bulk materials. These packs ensure the correct mix, and there is no waste as
1 x 40kg pack or 2 x 20kg packs is normally adequate for the construction of a PSM or
SSM.
Precast concrete PSMs and SSMs can also be used; they can be purchased from
Bettacrete Products Pty Ltd, Port Wakefield Road, Cavan.
The Surveyor-General has the authority to accept mark types not specifically included in
the Regulations should circumstances dictate. Examples of this would be plaques securely
fastened to buildings or other substantial structures. Operational authority for considering
such dispensations rest with Survey Operations, and all queries of this nature should be
directed to that office.
e.
Protection & Witnessing
Surveyors placing PSMs and SSMs in urban areas shall protect the mark with a survey
mark cover or a survey mark cover and sleeved dropper (see Figure 4). In new
subdivisions the placement of sleeved droppers is considered essential to protect the
mark.
To ensure a cover can be properly placed it is essential that the top surface of the mark is
at least 200mm below ground level to allow room for the survey mark cover and PVC pipe
(see Figure 3).
In rural areas SSMs should also be finished at 200mm below ground level to reduce the
risk of accidental disturbance. The surveyor placing the mark must witness it with a steel
dropper or permapine post with a witness plate attached. The mark number, if known, can
also be stamped in the appropriate boxes on the witness plate. Witness droppers and
posts should be placed so that they protect the mark.
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Figure 3 - PSM and SSM Construction and Covering
Survey mark covers, droppers and sleeves required for PSMs and SSMs shall be provided
free of cost by the Surveyor-General and are available from the Survey Operations Survey
Depot (see ‘Contact Numbers’ attached to section 1).
Within tertiary network areas all PSMs, but not SSMs, are generally maintained by Survey
Operations. All SSMs outside tertiary network areas are maintained by Survey Operations.
If advised of the impending destruction of these PSMs or SSMs Survey Operations will
arrange to have the mark replaced after the construction activity, or relocated to a safer
position by survey. Surveyors aware of PSMs or SSMs in danger should contact Survey
Operations (see ‘Contact Numbers’ attached to section 1).
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Droppers are normally placed to the right of the PSM with pre stamped witness plate
reading “Survey Mark 0.3m Left”. Plastic sleeves are placed over urban droppers. Note
that witness plates are to be centred on unsleeved droppers; to allow for this bolt holes
in witness plates are offset and the dropper must be correctly oriented.
Figure 4 - PSM Droppering
f.
Location Sketches
Whenever a PSM or SSM is placed the Surveyor must prepare a location sketch showing
the mark position in relation to adjacent features. These shall be drafted on a standard
form available from Survey Operations. As the sketches are scanned and added to
SAILIS, drafting standards must conform with those set down in the PPG. Freehand
printing of data is acceptable providing all data is easily legible (see Figures 5 and 6).
Location sketches shall be lodged with the survey plan via EPL, except in the case of
surveys for divisions of land into more than five allotments or lots, in which case sketches
shall be forwarded to Survey Operations after the marks have been placed.
g.
Coordination of PSMs and SSMs Placed in DSAs
Where it is necessary to place PSMs or SSMs in DSAs, surveyors are required to provide
the Surveyor-General with measurements to enable the MGA coordinates of the PSMs
and SSMs to be determined. Procedures to be followed in gathering and providing this
data are detailed in sections 5.6, 5.7 and 5.8.
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Figure 5 - Sample Urban PSM Location Sketch
Figure 6 - Sample Rural SSM Location Sketch
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14.4
Reference Marks
a.
Types
The following marks are defined as reference marks under r.10 of the Survey Regulations
2007:
(a) a metal pin, being a length of metal pipe or rod of at least 10 millimetres in diameter
and 300 millimetres in length driven at or below ground level; or
(b) a steel dropper of at least 300 millimetres in length driven at or below ground level; or
(c) a masonry nail or screw firmly secured to a concrete footpath or kerb or a building or
other immovable object; or
(d) a drill hole and wings in concrete; or
(e) a lead core or plastic plug set into concrete; or
(f) the corner of a building or other immovable object that may be re-established without
ambiguity; or
(g) a durable mark on a building or other immovable object; or
(h) any other mark approved as a reference mark by the Surveyor-General;
b.
Siting & Depth
While reference marks are subsidiary to PSMs and SSMs it is nevertheless important that
they are placed in a position of relative safety where they can be of maximum benefit to
future surveyors.
Historically the most common form of reference mark used in this State has been the
metal pin or galvanised iron pipe. Changes in street-scapes and the greater usage of
concrete and paved footpaths has resulted in a high rate of destruction of these marks.
To overcome this problem it is recommended that, whenever possible, marks in kerbing,
concrete footpaths or other substantial structures be used in preference to metal pins.
These marks are easier to locate and will generally last considerably longer than metal
pins. The preferred siting guidelines listed for PSMs and SSMs (section 14.3 c.) should
also be considered when placing reference marks.
Where metal pins are used in paved areas they should be left flush with the surface to
avoid having to break it in the future. If the area is not paved they shall be placed at
least 50mm below the surface to reduce the risk of disturbance. Metal pins placed at
the back of kerbing are generally better protected and easier to locate.
Where possible, reference marks shall be placed within 3 metres of the boundary
corner they witness. Where this distance is exceeded, the survey report should state the
reason; “reference mark placed adjacent occupation where safest from disturbance.”
c.
Corners Requiring Reference Marks
SGD2 requires that sufficient reference marks are placed to facilitate future reinstatement
of boundaries. The following guidelines are to be followed when placing reference marks
on cadastral surveys.
1.
DSAs
Reference marks are not required in DSAs.
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2.
Urban Outside DSAs
On urban surveys a reference mark shall be placed adjacent to every road corner, or
bend in a road, being created or redefined, however:
 corners within 25 metres of a PSM, SSM or reference mark do not require a
reference mark.
 bends between the tangent points on ‘curved’ boundaries do not require
reference marks.
 ancillary corners redefined do not require reference marks (see 4. below).
3.
Rural Outside DSAs
On rural surveys a reference mark shall be placed adjacent to every corner or bend in a
road or parcel boundary being created or redefined, however:
 corners within 100 metres of a PSM, SSM or reference mark do not require a
reference mark.
 ancillary corners redefined do not require a reference mark (see 4. below).
4.
Ancillary Corners
Ancillary corners are those that are redefined on a survey but are not needed to
establish the basis for definition. Explanation of this provision can best be illustrated by
Figure 7.
In the resurvey (or creation) of lot 100, SSMs from the survey that supplied data for the
cadastre between corners A and B have been found. The new survey agrees with the
previous survey. In order to show that previous data can be relayed and corners F and
G re-established, bends C, D, E, F and G have been redefined. In this case, bends C, D
and E are considered `ancillary' to the boundaries being redefined and would not need
to be referenced. Bends F and G should be marked with a reference mark or SSM
depending on the circumstances.
If the SSMs at A and B had been placed on unconnected surveys, and the
reestablishment of C, D and E was critical to the boundary redefinition, the bends would
have to be marked in accordance with the above provisions. Moreover, if the survey
disagrees with previous survey between corners A and B and evidence at corners C, D
and E is necessary to redefine corners F and G, corners C, D and E are not ancillary.
Figure 7 - Ancillary Corners
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5.
Natural Boundary Tielines
Outside DSAs tielines shown on plans for the purpose of locating natural boundaries
are to be reference marked (as for parcel corners) at their bends and intersection with
parcel boundaries (see PPG Figure 19.1).
6.
Boundary Identification Surveys
Boundary identification surveys are a cadastral survey under the definition of the Survey
Act 1992 and therefore controlled by the provisions of this Act. Sufficient reference
marks must be placed to ensure that the survey can be re-established. The location and
boundary fixings of these marks should be recorded in the field notes.
7.
Excessive Marking
One of the problems recognised from past surveys has been the loss of the cadastre
through insufficient reference marking. On the other hand where modern surveys are
undertaken in areas with adequate connections to PSMs, which are maintained,
reference marking carries little additional benefit.
The proliferation of reference marking beyond that detailed in this section, especially in
urban backyards, makes subsequent survey connection more expensive (especially to
prove they are gone). Where the client requires additional reference marks it is
recommended these not be shown on the survey plan lodged in the LTRO.
Where reference marks are ignored or shown “NLF” (see section 15.7) only because
the surveyor regards them as redundant, a new reference mark (or “first fix”) shall not
be shown adjacent on the plan.
While surveyors may choose to connect unregistered reference marks to their survey,
there is no need to number the adjacent corner and show them in the reference mark
schedule, unless utilised to fulfil above reference marking requirements outside DSAs.
14.5
Boundary marks
a.
Types
The following marks are defined as survey pegs at r.10 of the Survey Regulations 2007:
survey peg means(a) a peg of a durable nature, composed of wood, metal, plastic or other material
approved for the purpose by the Surveyor-General, measuring at least 300
millimetres in length and 50 millimetres square at the top and coloured white; or
(b) a metal spike of at least 300 millimetres in length to which is mounted a metal or
plastic top of durable material, at least 50 millimetres square and coloured white; or
(c) a steel dropper of at least 300 millimetres in length and coloured white.
Steel droppers or plastic/metal pegs should be used in preference to wooden pegs in
areas prone to white ant infestations if it is likely boundaries will remain unoccupied for
some time.
Regulation13 prescribes the boundary marking requirements for cadastral surveys:
13 - Placing or accepting survey marks
(1) A surveyor must, in carrying out a cadastral survey(a) ensure that each new boundary of the land is marked with survey pegs or, if that is
not practicable, reference marks so that the boundary is readily and unambiguously
discernible on the ground after completion of the survey; and
(b) mark each boundary of the land in accordance with any applicable directions issued
by the Surveyor-General; and
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(c) if a reference mark is placed or accepted in the survey – note on the plan of survey
the type of mark used.
Regulation 13 (1) (a) allows for alternative mark types, if survey pegs (specified in r.10) are
not practicable, for example, the corner falls on a concrete slab. R.13 (1) (c) requires a note
on the plan describing these alternative mark types (see PPG section 7.13 for abbreviations).
The reference marks used as peg substitutes must not be included in the reference mark
schedule. Note that while GI nails and deck spikes are not approved reference marks under
r.10 (see section 14.4a), GI nails in fence posts and spikes in bitumen, for example, are
acceptable as substitutes for survey pegs where the latter are impracticable.
Where drill holes are used it is recommended that wings be chiselled adjacent to them as
an aid to identification. Peg alternatives should be described in field notes.
b.
Boundaries to be Marked
Regulation 13 (1) (a) requires all new boundaries be pegged. The marking of existing
boundaries is a matter of negotiation between the surveyor and client.
SGD2 section 5.6 provides exemption from new boundaries being pegged if occupation
is within one metre of the new boundary, and the relationship between the occupation
and the new boundary is shown on the plan.
The above exemption does not apply if the new boundary is unoccupied. Occupation of the
existing boundary; however, may make it impracticable to peg the corner. If the surveyor
instead pegs line close to the corner there is a danger the peg will be mistaken for the
corner by the abutting or future owners. In these cases r.13 (1)(a) allows for offsets to be
referenced to an alternative mark type. Again, these reference marks must be shown on
survey plans; however, they must not be included in the reference mark schedule.
Placement of marks offset to new corners does not substitute for the requirement to
peg the actual corner, if practicable.
Where a new boundary is required to be pegged but is under water at the time of the
survey, it is not necessary to place an alternative mark or apply for exemption as per
Regulation 25. The corner should be annotated UNDER WATER NOT PEGGED.
SGD2 section 5.6 requires that where adjacent corners on unoccupied new boundaries
are not intervisible, datum pegs must be placed at appropriate positions along the line to
allow intervisibility between adjacent pegs. Where the boundaries are to be fenced, the
placement of datum pegs at intervals not exceeding 250 metres is recommended. It is not
necessary to show datum pegs on the plan.
c.
Size & Depth
Regulation 13 specifies:
(2) A surveyor must ensure that each survey mark placed or accepted in a cadastral
survey is secure and reasonably protected from accidental disturbance.
Wooden pegs should be driven into the ground until they are firm. Generally, less than one
quarter of the peg should remain exposed. Public safety and mark protection should also
be considered when deciding what type of peg to use and what depth it is driven to.
The alternative metal, plastic or composite type pegs should be driven to their
recommended position to achieve stability.
The peg lengths quoted in Regulation 10 are considered as minimum dimensions, longer
pegs should be used where required to ensure stability.
In rural areas, where newly created boundaries will not be occupied for some time, it may
be advisable to use larger pegs. Traditionally pegs of 75mm cross section, 400mm in
length have been used for this purpose.
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d.
Colour & Numbering
Survey pegs used for cadastral boundaries must be white in colour. It is also accepted
practice that other pegs placed (e.g. for engineering or construction surveys) shall be of a
different colour to avoid being mistaken as a boundary marker.
In land divisions of more than five allotments or lots the parcel numbers must be stamped
on the top of the peg or the appropriate face. For other surveys stamping pegs will be a
matter of discretion for the surveyor, however, it is recommended pegs be stamped where
there could be confusion as to which boundary they are marking.
e.
Trenches
In rural areas the construction of trenches may be desirable to highlight the position of
boundary corners and datum pegs, and to indicate the direction of boundaries emanating
from each peg. The requirement for trenches is a matter of professional judgement for the
surveyor.
Trenches take the form of prism shaped excavations or piles of stones depending on the
nature of the country and availability of materials. They should be at least 1100mm in
length, 300mm in width at ground surface and 250mm in depth (or height), commencing
from a point 450mm from the corner peg along the line of the boundary.
Corners which are trenched should be annotated as such on the plan as an aid to other
surveyors.
14.6
Final Marking of Land Divisions
Regulation 23 of the Survey Regulations 2007 states:
23 - Reinstatement of marks after land division complete
1)
A surveyor who has carried out a cadastral survey for a division of land into more
than 5 allotments must, not later than 90 days after completion of works for the
provision of roads, drains or other services in association with the division of land,
place in position all survey pegs, reference marks and State survey marks required in
relation to the survey by the Surveyor-General.
This regulation allows land division surveys to be processed and new certificates of title to
be issued at an early stage of the development process while ensuring that the survey is
appropriately marked at the completion of the development.
Prior to the survey being lodged, the new boundaries created must be pegged in
accordance with the provisions of Regulation 13(1)(a). This will satisfy the requirements of
the Registrar-General that the allotment/lot boundaries have been marked on the ground
prior to the issue of the certificate of title and ensure that the roads and other services
associated with the land division are correctly sited.
Note that SGD5 gives an exemption from the requirement to reinstate particular road and
reserve boundary pegs. This does not release the surveyor from the obligation to initially
mark these corners.
Regulation 23 requires the surveyor to be responsible for monitoring the land division to
ascertain when relevant construction works are complete and to ensure the survey marks
required are placed within 90 days of the completion of site works1.
1
Under subregulation (2) of r.23, if a surveyor fails to comply with subregulation (1) the Surveyor-General may, after
giving the surveyor not less than 14 days notice in writing, undertake additional work to reinstate marks and recover the
cost from the surveyor.
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The Surveyor-General shall advise surveyors of the preferred locations for PSMs and
SSMs at an early stage of the development process. The surveyor can then either:
(a)
show the marks and proposed fixings on the plan prior to lodgement, then place the
marks in the appropriate positions at the final marking stage, or
(b)
show the proposed position of the marks on the final plan but add the boundary fixes
after the final marking has taken place.
Under option (a) the surveyor would have to notify Survey Operations that the final marking
had been carried out. It would then be noted on the Deposited Plan that the marks had
been placed. If during the final marking a fixing had to be altered an amendment could be
made to the final plan in the normal manner.
Under option (b) and following the completion of the Final Marking the surveyor will need to
provide Survey Operations with a deposited copy of the plan showing in red the fixings for
all reference marks that have been placed. A certification also in red and signed and
dated by the surveyor will also need to be added to each sheet of the plan requiring
amendment. This information will be copied onto the final plan by the Lands Titles Office
and an appropriate note added.
Under both options the surveyor shall notify Survey Operations in writing of final marking;
fax or email are acceptable (see `Contact Numbers' attached to section 1). A form similar
to that attached to this section should be used; this attachment may be photocopied.
Division under the Community Titles Act carries a certification which does not provide the
opportunity to indicate the status of final marking. If at lodgement marks have not been
reinstated as required by Regulation 23 the surveyor should indicate this by adding the
appropriate note to the annotation panel (see PPG section 6).
14.7
Marking Requirements for Community Plans
It should be noted that plans under the Community Titles Act 1996 are a cadastral
survey. As such they must fulfil the marking (as well as accuracy) requirements under
the Survey Act 1992.
It is intended the marking of community divisions be consistent with land division under
Part 19AB of the Real Property Act 1886. The following should be noted:
 Private roads to remain as common property are to be marked as for roads in other
land division.
 SGD2 section 5.6 negates the need for lot boundaries defined solely by monument to
be marked. This includes strata lots and lots fully contained within a single storey
building.
It is recognised that community divisions may present a higher rate of situations where
conventional marking is inappropriate. In these cases surveyors are reminded of the
procedure for seeking exemptions as detailed in section 1.4.
Where the boundary of the Common Property is located at the back of the kerb line and
it is impractical to place a conventional PSM within the Common Property, stainless steel
pins as described in section 14.3a may be placed in the kerb. These marks can be
purchased from HTD Kerbmarkers through their website
http://www.kerbmarkers.com.au. The product number is IDT025 and is to be ordered
without numbers.
Cadastral Survey Guidelines
Issue 5
April 2015
Section 14
Page 14 of 14