Dossier of Evidence - Document 1
Monroe Doctrine
. . . [T]he American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have
assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future
colonization by any European powers . . .
. . . The citizens of the United States cherish sentiments the most friendly, in favor of the
liberty and happiness of their fellow men on that side of the Atlantic. In the wars of the
European powers, in matters relating to themselves, we have never taken any part. . . . It
is only when our rights are invaded, or seriously menaced, that we resent injuries, or
make preparation for our defense. With the movements in this hemisphere, we are, of
necessity, more immediately connected . . . We owe it, therefore, to candor, and to the
amicable relations existing between the United States and those powers, to declare, that
we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this
hemisphere, as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing colonies or
dependencies of any European power we have not interfered, and shall not interfere. But
with the governments who have declared their independence, and maintained it, and
whose independence we have, on great consideration, and on just principles,
acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them,
or controlling, in any other manner, their destiny, by any European power in any other
light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition towards the United States. . . .
Source: Excerpt from President James Monroe’s Seventh Annual Message to Congress,
December 2, 1823.
®SAISD Social Studies Department
Page 1
Reproduction rights granted only if copyright information remains intact.
Dossier of Evidence - Document 2
“Reconcentration Camps”
SIR: . . .[W]e will relate to you what we saw with our own eyes:
Four hundred and sixty women and children thrown on the ground, heaped pell-mell as
animals, some in a dying condition, others sick and others dead, without the slightest
cleanliness, nor the least
help. . .
. . . Among the many deaths we witnessed there was one scene impossible to forget.
There is still alive the only living witness, a young girl of 18 years, whom we found
seemingly lifeless on the ground; on her right-hand side was the body of a young mother,
cold and rigid, but with her young child still alive clinging to her dead breast; on her lefthand side was also the corpse of a dead woman holding her son in a dead embrace . . .
The circumstances are the following: complete accumulation of bodies dead and alive,
so that it was impossible to take one step without walking over them; the greatest want
of cleanliness, want of light, air, and water; the food lacking in quality and quantity what
was necessary to sustain life . . .
From all this we deduct that the number of deaths among the reconcentrados has
amounted to 77 per cent.
Source: Excerpt from unsigned enclosure included with telegram sent by Fitzhugh Lee,
U.S. Consul- General in Cuba, November 27, 1897. Havana, Cuba.
®SAISD Social Studies Department
Page 2
Reproduction rights granted only if copyright information remains intact.
Dossier of Evidence - Document 3
®SAISD Social Studies Department
Page 3
Reproduction rights granted only if copyright information remains intact.
Dossier of Evidence - Document 4
Protect The Island So It Won’t Be Lost
®SAISD Social Studies Department
Page 4
Reproduction rights granted only if copyright information remains intact.
Dossier of Evidence - Document 5
Poor Cuba
®SAISD Social Studies Department
Page 5
Reproduction rights granted only if copyright information remains intact.
Dossier of Evidence - Document 6
De Lome Letter
LEGATION DE ESPANA, WASHINGTON
Eximo Senor DON JOSE CANALEJAS:
The situation here continues unchanged. Everything depends on the political and military success in Cuba.
The prologue of this second method of warfare will end the day that the Colonial Cabinet shall be
appointed , and it relieves us in the eyes of this country of a part of the responsibility for what happens
there, and they must cast the responsibility upon the Cubans, whom they believe to be so immaculate.
Until then we will not be able to see clearly, and I consider it to be a loss of time and an advance by the
wrong road - the sending of emissaries to the rebel field, the negotiations with the Autonomists not yet
declared to be legally constituted, and the discovery of the intentions and purpose of this government. The
exiles will return oneby one, and when they return, will come walking into the sheepfold, and the chiefs will
gradually return. Neither of these had the courage to leave en masse, and they will not have the
couragethus to return.
The message has undeceived the insurgents who expected something else, and has paralyzed the action
of Congress, but I consider it bad. Besides the natural and inevitable coarseness with which he repeats all
that the press and public opinion of Spain has said of Weyler, it shows once more what McKinley is: weak
and catering to the rabble, and, besides, a low politician, who desires to leave a door open to me and to
stand well with the jingoes of his party.
Nevertheless, as a matter of fact, it will only depend on ourselves whether he proves bad and adverse to
us. I agree entirely with you; without a military success nothing will be accomplished there, and without
military and political success, there is here always danger that the insurgents will be encouraged, if not by
the government, at least bypart of the public opinion.
I do not believe you pay enough attention to the role of England. Nearly all that newspaper canaille which
swarms in your hotel are English, and at the same time are correspondents of the Journal, they are also
correspondents of the best newspapers and reviews of England. Thus it has been since the beginning. To
my mind the only object of England is that the Americans should occupy themselves with us and leave her
in peace,and if there is a war, so much the better; that would further remove what is threatening her although that will never happen.
It would be most important that you should agitate the question of commercial relations, even though it
would be only for effect, and that you should send here a man of importance in order that I might use him to
make a propaganda among the senators and others in opposition to the Junta and win over exiles.
There goes Amblard. I believe he comes deeply taken up with little political matters, and there must be
something very great or we shall lose.
Always you attentive friend and servant, who kisses your hands.
ENRIQUE DUPUY DE LOME
®SAISD Social Studies Department
Page 6
Reproduction rights granted only if copyright information remains intact.
Dossier of Evidence - Document 7
Telegram - Explosion on the USS Maine
HAVANA, February 15, 1898.
SECRETARY OF THE NAVY,
Washington, D. C.:
Maine blown up in Havana Harbor at 9.40 tonight, and destroyed. Many wounded
and doubtless more killed or drowned. Wounded and others on board Spanish manof-war and Ward Line steamer. Send light-house tenders from Key West for crew
and the few pieces of equipment above. No one has clothing other than that upon
him. Public opinion should be suspended until further report. All officials believed to
be saved. Jenkins and Merritt not yet accounted for. Many Spanish officers,
including representatives of General Blanco, now with me to express sympathy.
Sigsbee.
®SAISD Social Studies Department
Page 7
Reproduction rights granted only if copyright information remains intact.
Dossier of Evidence - Document 8
The San Francisco Call
SAX FRANCISCO,
NO. 78.
VOLUME LXXXLII.—
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1898.
PRICE FIVE CENTS.
MAINE DESTROYED IN HAVANA HARBOR
THE SHIP IS/
BLOWN UP
AT ANCHOR
Four Hundred and Twenty
of Uncle Sam's Brave
Boys Are Killed.
One of the Most Awful Disasters
That Have Ever Overtaken the
American Navy, and Spain
is Open to Suspicion,
HABANA,Feb. 15.— Maine volado.
HAVANA, Feb. 15.— The Maine
has blown up. Captain Sigsbee and Capitan Sipsbee salvado, con varios
various officers saved, and he pays oflciaies, y dice que cree hayan perehe believes about 100 men were
cido a 100 menos cien hombres. El
killed and injured. The vessel is buque queesta
ardiendo estoa monow burning and is sinking to the
bottom of the bay. The detonation mentos, y a esta descansando fondo
was
tremendous.
All Havana bihia. Detonacion fu tremenda.
1oda Habana alarmada.
alarmed.
The Maine was commanded by Captain Charles D.
Sigsbee.
Her other officers were:
Lieutenant-Commander Richard Wainwright.
Lieutenants G. F. Holman, John Hood and C. W. Yungen.
Lieutenants (junior grade) C. W. Blow, J. T. Blandin, F.
A. Jenkins.
Cadets J. H. Holden, W. T. Cluverius, Amos Bronson,
D. F. Boyd Jr.
Surgeon L. G. Heneberger.
Paymaster Ryan.
Chief Engineer L. G. Howell.
Passed Assistant Engineer E. C. Bowers.
Assistant Engineers J. R. Morris and D. R. Merritt.
Cadet Engineers Pope, Washington and Arthur Grenshaw.
Chaplain J. P. Chadwick.
Lieutenant ot Marines A. W. Catlin.
the arsenal, others said it was a bomb, Jenkins and Assistant Engineer Darand it was not until n o'clock that the win R. Merritt.
From the wording of the dispatch
real cause was known.
the Navy Department think it is posConsul-General Lee, who was at the
Hotel Ingleterra, received a telephone
message from General Blanco telling
him that the Maine had been blown up.
Lee hastened
to the palace, where
the Cabinet is now assembled.
Admiral Manterola
ordered that
boats of all kinds go to the assistance
of the Maine and her wounded. The
Havana firemen also gave aid, tending
carefully to the wounded as they were
brought on shore. It was a terrible
sight. General Zolano and the other
generals were ordered by CaptainGeneral Blanco to take steps to help
the Maine's crew in every way possible.
HAVANA. Feb. 15. The American the deck was dipping under water, and The correspondent went close to the
battleship Maine, lying at anchor here, Ijumped overboard to keep from beMaine in one of the boats of the cruiser
was destroyed by an explosion at 10 ing drawn down by the suction.
Alfonso XII, and saw others of the
o'clock to-night. Of her crew of 450
"Iwas picked up by a boat from the
wounded who corroborate the stateofficers and men, only 33 are known to Spanish man-of-war. Three more were
ment of those first interviewed that
have been saved.
picked up by the same boat. They were they were asleep when the explosion
The explosion shook the whole city Daniel Cronin, a landsman; Charles occurred.
and threw Havana into a panic.
Berryman, boatswain; Albert John, a
Captain Sigsbee said the explosion
It is understood at this writing that | seaman, and
Bloomer, a landsman." occurred in the bow of the vessel. He
Captain Sigsbee and a few of his offiOne poor fellow whose face is in- received a wound in the head. Orders
cers were visiting a merchantman in jured past all recognition is lying were given to the other officers to save
the harbor at the time of the disaster moaning in a cot in the hospital. I
themselves as best they could. The latand are sdie.
asked him his name and he mumbled ter, who were literally thrown from
None of the few survivors who have back through horribly swollen lips: their
bunks in their night clothing,
been seen can tell me how the ex- "My folks would feel uneasy if Itold
gave the necessary orders with great
plosion occurred. The injured are be- you."
self-control.
ing taken on stretchers to the Casa de
So far as Ican learn now the exThe first theory was that there had
Socorro, where surgeons are in at- plosion took place in the magazine been a preliminary explosion of powder
tendance.
used for the storage of gun cotton for or dynamite below the water, but this
James Rowe, the ship's cook, was the the torpedoes. The vessel lies with her was ascertained to be not true.
least injured of any that were brought bow wholly submerged and only a part
Admiral Manterola believes that the
in when Iwas there.
of her stern showing.
first explosion was of a grenade, but
"I don't know, sir," he replied,
shook the city from whether one of the ship's magazines
" turned in The explosion
speaking with difficulty.
I
end to end, and created the wildest ex- blew up or whether a bomb was placed
my hammock at 8 o'clock and heard citement. All the electric lights were
beside her and set off by the Spaniards
three bells strike. Idon't remember blown out by the shock. Fire engines
is not known.
anything until Ifelt myself turning rushed madly from one district to anBecause of the excitement in the city
over and over and falling heavily upon other, and no one knew for certain
the military authorities ordered the
the deck, in a mass of smoke. Igot on from which point the explosion
are
troops to quarters, and the streets
foot and worked my way on deck. came:
with jostling crowds of excited
filled
When Igot. there the superstructure of Some shouted the report that it was
and soldiers.
—
THE UNITED STATES BATTLE-SHIP MAINE.
From a Photograph Taken For the New York Herald at Key West on January 16.
—
sible that they were on shore at the
time of the acident.
The Secretary of the Navy received
another dispat h from Key West at
the same time with the above, but its
contents were not made public.
The orders for the light-house tenders were at once sent to Key West
in plain language, thus avoiding the
delay that would have arisen from the
use of a cipher.
Secretary
Long
Pigsbee's dispatch
received Captain
but a few minutes
before the Associated Press dispatches
were handed him. He received the
news with apparent calm, and his first
act was to comply with f'aptain Rigsbee's request that assistance be sent
from Key West. He Mired Captain
Forsythe at Key West to proceed with
the navaJ tender Fern to Havana haxbor.
Secretary Long then sent for Captain
Dickens, and the two discussed Captain
Sigsbee's
brief telegram. No other
naval officers were present, and besides
the Secretary and Captain Dickens the
citizens
naval colony here is ignorant of this
disaster, the greatest
which has befallen the American navy since the
SIGSBEE ASKS FOR
in Apia many years ago.
OF JUDGMENT. storm
The Secretary is inclined to believe
of
the
Before
that
most
officers of the Maine
Wants to Know Allthe Tacts
were on shore at the time of the accithe American People Lay the
dent, as it was still
in the night.
Blame Finally Upon Spain.
While neither the Secretary nor CapWASHINGTON, Feb. 15.—I called tain Dickens is
inclined to discuss the
upon Secretary of the Navy John T. probable cause of the accident, ' seveLong at an early hour this morning, ral suggestions were ventured.
They
and he confirmed the Herald's dispatch
that the Maine had been blown up and
destroyed in Havana harbor. In anNEWS
OF
THE
DAY.
swer to my questions, he said:
"Yes, Ihave received a report from
Weather forecast for San Francisco: Cloudy and unsettled weather
Captain Sigsbee of the Maine, announcon Wednesday; probably occasional
ing that the battleship had been deshowers; southwesterly winds.
Maximum temperature for the past
stroyed by an explosion in the harbor
twenty-four hours:
of Havana.
San Francisco
62 decrees
The captain cables that some were
Portland
52 degrees
Lob Angeles
84 degrees
killed and many wounded, and that the
San Diego
74 degrees
Spanish soldiers did everything Intheir
power to rescue those who were thrown
FIRST PAGE.
Destroyed
water.
Maine
In
Into the
Havana Harbor.
Spaniards Howl for War.
dispatch
"Moreover the captain's
SECOND PAGE.
of the
speaks of the great kindness
Lawyer Burns His Books.
officers and citizens of Havana, who
THIRD PAGE.
showered attentions upon the sufferers.
The Clara Nevada Is Lost.
They cared tenderly for the wounded.
Relief Train for Dawson.
Rich Gold Finds Reported.
The captain, in his dispatch to me, also
Copper River Party Off.
tells of the heroic work of the officers
Miners Need Protection.
and men of the cruiser Alfonso."
Says a Woman Killed
Collins.
asked, "does Cap"Mr. Secretary," I
Tlllman Bound to Be Hoard.
FOURTH PACK.
tain Sigsbee assign any cause of the
SUSPENSION
explosion?"
"No," replied the Secretary; "I presume that as yet the cause is a mystery."
The following was the dispatch received by the Secretary of the Navy
from Captain Sigsbee:
CHARLES D. SIGSBEE, COMMANDER OF THE MAINE.
Sigsbee, In command of the warship Maine, sent
to guard American interests in Havana, is one
of the most popular officers in the navy. He was graduated from Annapolisin1863. He served inMobile Bay, was an active participant in the work
of the North Atlantic blockading squadron in 1865, and helped in the at-
Captain
Charles D.
by the Navy Department
tacks and in the final assault upon Fort Fisher.
Not long ago the Maine, with Sipsbee in command, found herself
bearing down on an excursion boat in the East River. Ahead wa.i the
excursion boat, full of human beings. On either side was a barge. The
only clear way showed a pier. Th<* old commander ordered his engines
reversed, and to the amazement of the beholders he steered straight
for the pier and ran into it amuck. The pier was badly torn up, the
hundred human lives were
Maine's nose was bruised, but several
saved.
The excursion boat ran clear, but ten loaded freight cars, that
were standing on the pier, went to the bottom of the river. There is
no doubt as to Captain Sigsbee's relative valuation of human life and
property. About $4000 in property was destroyed, but 1000 lives were
saved. That was not a bad ten minutes' work for a man whose business itis to kill.
ship,
Captain Sigsbee went to Cuba on board of a fine, stout
manned by a complement of able officers.
"Maine blown up in Havana harbor at 9:40 last night and destroyed.
Many wounded and doubtless many
killed and drowned. "Wounded and
others on board the Spanish man-ofwar and \vard line steamer.
Send
lighthouse tender from Key West for
crew and a few pieces of equipment.
Vessel still above water. No one had
other clothes than those upon him.
"Public opinion should be suspended until further report. All the
officers are believed to be saved. Jenkins and Merritt are not yet accounted for. Many Spanish officers,
including representatives of General
Blanco, now with me and express
sympathy.
SIGSBEE."
The officers referred to in the above
dispatch, are Lieutenant Friend W.
Sensation In the Zola Trial.
Burplar Robs a Sick Nurse.
Appeal to the Silverltes.
Money Wanted for
Harbors.
To Reform San Jose.
Fatal Riot In Hungary.
FIFTH PAGE.
Masked Robbers In a Store.
News Along the Water Front.
More Light on Water Front Work
SIXTH PAGE.
Editorial.
Celebrate
Our
Seml-Centennlal.
A Fearful Disaster.
The Dollar Limit.
Cultivating Crime for Profit.
Reform In San Jose.
Stories From the Corridors.
A Treasonable Joke.
SEVENTH PAGE.
Library Trustees Steadfast.
Women at the Poolrooms.
Four
Daylight Robbers.
EIGHTH PAGE.
The Commercial World.
NINTH PAGE.
News From Across the Bay
Crocker Talked Too Much.
TENTH PAGE.
Racing at Emeryville.
ELEVENTH PAGE.
Births, Marriages and Deaths.
TWELFTH PAGE.
James L. Flood's Confession.
Volcano in the Federal Camp.
Will Fight the Powder Trust.
Skipped With the Funds.
believe that It may have been caused
by a fire in the bunkers, heating the
bulkhead near a magazine, or that an
accident may have occurred while Inspecting high explosives for torpedoes.
Of course, this is mere speculation, and
the Secretary is anxiously waiting a
more detailed report from Captain
Sigsbee.
Later the Secretary sent another telegram to Key West, directing that the
tender Mangrove also be sent to Ha-
SPANIARDS ARE
NOW IN A MOST
WARLIKE MOOD
VHTia.
Secretary Day received the following
dispatch from General Lee:
"The Maine blew up at 9:40. The exwell forward, under
the men's quarters, consequently many
were lost. It is believed all the officers
were saved, but Jenkins and Merrit are
not accounted for. The cause of explosion !s yet to be investigated. The
Captain-General and the army and
navy officers rendered every assistance.
Sigsbee and most of his officers are on
board the steamer City of Washington. Others are on the Spanish gunboat and in the city. Iam with Sigsbee, who has telegraphed the Navy Department.
LEE."
plosion occurred
OFFICERS OF THE NAVY
HOLD HURRIED CONFERENCE
Great Excitement Created at KeyWest by the Receipt of the
Startling News.
KEY WEST, Feb. 16.— This has certainly been the m*-~t eventful night ever witnessed in Key West. The exciteshortly before
ment commenced
10
o'clock last night, when the first report
was received that the famous tug
Dauntless had arrived at a port on the
east coast and was taking on arms and
Cuba,
ammunition for
The celebrated little filibuster was reported to have arrived at Palm Beach
this morning with a load of men and
would sail before any attempt could be
made to detain her. The information
was immediately conveyed to the commanders of naval vessels in the harbor,
who commenced to make preparations
to Intercept the filibusters.
It was ascertained there were only a
Continued en Second Page.
Clamoring for Conflict While the
Two Nations Are Closing
the De Lome In-
cident.
NEW YORK, Feb. 15.— The Herald's
Washington
correspondent
telegraphs:
The administration offices were deeply
gratified to-day by the Herald's
announcement
from Madrid that Spain
would make a complete and satisfactory disavowal of the De Lome letter.
This is the only authentic information
which has reached here, the only official dispatch on the subject being the
one received yesterday from Minister
Woodford stating that Senor Sagasta
had promised that a satisfactory disavowal would he made. In the light of
this and the Herald's dispatch this
morning the authorities now no longer
hesitate to say that the incident is
is
closed, and that all that remains
the publication of Spain's reply, which
will follow as soon as Minister Woodford is heard from. With the arrival
negotiaof the new Minister active
tions in connection with the proposed
new commercial treaty will begin.
By this action Spain will attempt to
show the world that the statements
made by Senor de Lpme that she was
insincere in her desire to negotiate a
untrue.
reciprocity convention are
When Senor Louis Polo de Bernabe is
formally presented to the President it
is expected there will be an exchange
excontain
of addresses
which will
PEOPLE CLAMOR FOR WAR,
GOVERNMENT WANTS PEACE.
Copyrighted 1898 by James
Gordon
Bennett.
MADRID. Feb. 15.— Puplic feeling here against the United States is
very highly strung. In the public mind the firm conviction is that the
United States means to force war upon Spain and that the latter must
absolutely stand her ground; that in Cuba the autonomists would side
\u25a0with Spain, righting against United States troops, and that if the
Spaniards would encourage the landing of American troops in the
greatest number possible, now that the unhealthy season is coming on,
it would kill them off like flies.
At the same time ships of war could bombard the coast towns,
which, with the exception of New York, are considered unprotected, the
United States not having sufficient warships to guard them.
Great calculations are also made on the widespread ruin which
would fall upon business men in the United States, whereas the bourse
here would scarcely change, as would be the case with the United
States. A war would merely be the first step toward the solution of a
question which is slowly bleeding the resources of the country to death.
Such is the representative idea of public Spanish feeling to-day;
but, mark you, do not quote it as the Government's.
The action of the
Government, telegraphed to you last evening, has not popularized it at
home. There are indications that the Ministers are not displeased to
who could not sincerely reflect their feelget rid of a representative
ings, for Senor de Lome was a fervent member of the National party,
headed by Senor Romero Robledo and General Weyler. The Government feels relief now at having one of Its own men, who truly represents the most liberal ideas of the Cabinet, and who starts full of the
idea of the importance of pushing the commercial treaty, the details of
which he is far more fitted to deal with than was Senor de Lome.
pressions of friendship and g^od will
and demonstrate that harmony exists
in the relations between the two GovCalderon
ernments.
Carlisle, attorney
for Senor Canalejas, in the matter of
a return of the letter addressed to him by Senor De Lome
and which caused the resignation
of
the latter here as Minister, is considering: what steps shall be taken to
detect and punish the person or persons who abstracted the commumoation from the mails.
"We know, of course," said an official in the State Department to me today, "that Mr. Carlisle's object in obtaining the letter is to use it as evidence in any prosecution that might be
inaugurated against the person or persons who stole the letter or who have
had it in their possession. Ifthe letter
was stolen, then the person or persons
in whose possession it was might be
Indicted for being receivers of stolen
goods. Itseems to me that the Cuban
Junta made" a mistake in turning that
letter over to the State Department
without at least securing a promise
for its return."
Mr. Carlisle declines to state what
action he proposes against any of the
persons who may have been responsible for the publication of the letter.
securing
DEPLORED BY THE
SPANISH NEWSPAPERS.
De Lome's Letter Gives the Governmerit More Offense Than Was
Imagined.
Copyrighted. 189R. by James
Gordon
Bennett.
MADRID, Feb. 15.— The Government
F.i Correo, says of Senor de
Lome's letter: "It gives the Spanish
Government offense far exceeding that
to the President of the United States.
Against the injurious words to the
President we protest. We deplore the
imputation against the Spanish Government and we resent it exceedingly.
org&D
Itis deplorable that a public function- •
ary, invested with a diplomatic character, could write even in a private
letter ideas which are so disgraceful
as those from the pen of the late Minister to Washington."
El Heraldo says: "The Spanish Government has nothing to do with the
Itdid not inspire a single paragraph and had no idea of us existence."
letter.
SENOR DE LOME
LEAVES WASHINGTON.
liow the Babbling, Disgraced Diplomat is on His Way Back
to Spain.
WASHINGTON, Feb. 15.— The late
Minister, Senor Dupuy de
Spanish
Lorn% accompanied by Mrae. de Lome,
The San Francisco Call - February 16, 1898
®SAISD Social Studies Department
Page 8
Reproduction rights granted only if copyright information remains intact.
Dossier of Evidence - Document 9
®SAISD Social Studies Department
Page 9
Reproduction rights granted only if copyright information remains intact.
Dossier of Evidence - Document 10
®SAISD Social Studies Department
Page 10
Reproduction rights granted only if copyright information remains intact.
Dossier of Evidence - Document 11
®SAISD Social Studies Department
Page 11
Reproduction rights granted only if copyright information remains intact.
Dossier of Evidence - Document 12
The
San
Francisco
Call
SAN FRANCISCO, SATURDAY, MARCH 26, 1898.
KG. 116.
VOLUME LXXXIII.—
PRICE FIVE CENTS.
WAR MAY BE DECLARED
WITHIN THE NEXT TEN DAYS
SPAIN WILL SEND
A HOSTILE ANSWER
TO THIS COUNTRY
Still President McKinley Is Working
Hard to Avoid an Outbreak
of Hostilities.
In the Face of the Maine Report and the Coming*
of the Spanish Torpedo Flotilla Congress
Shows Signs of Acting on Its
Own Responsibility.
NEW YORK, March 25.
The Herald's European Edition publishes the following
from its correspondent: Madrid, Saturday
At a late
hour Ifind that the Spanish
reply to the United States
will not be anything like
what the sanguine optimists
expected, and the outlook
consequently is decidedly
serious.
SPAIN AND AMERICA
HAVE REACHED THE
PARTING OF THE WAYS.
—
UNITED STATES CRUISER BROOKLYN, THE FLAGSHIP OF THE FLYING SQUADRON.
WASHINGTON, March 25.—The Court of Inquiry appointed to Investigate the cause of the Maine disaster has reported that the loss
battleship was due to an outside explosion. The State Departdirection of the President, has cabled United States Minister
Woodford, at Madrid, to notify the Spanish Government of this conclu-
of the
ment, hy
sion. The President and his Cabinet advisers held two extended sessions to-day, one at 10:30 a. m. and another at 3:30 p. m., at which the
report was considered in detail. Members of the Cabinet stated that after the meeting the discussion was of a grave character, and that never
since the wrecking of the Maine has the situation seemed so critical.
The Spanish Government has cabled officially to Washington that
the Spanish Naval Commission holds the disaster to the Maine to be of
Internal origin. The Government of Spain, it can be stated positively,
Is not disposed to turn back the torpedo fleet now proceeding from the
Canaries, and would be disinclined to consider a suggestion from this
Government tending to interfere with the disposition by Spain of her
own naval forces.
War preparations on an unprecedented scale are being hurried to
completion by the War and Navy Departments, and the country practically is on a war footing.
NEW YORK, March 25—The Her-
TORPEDO FLEET
A MENACE TO
THIS COUNTRY
concentrados,
but he is not willinc war, in the eyes of the civilized world,
would not be justified, for two reato go to war over the Maine because
Better Be^in the War by Destroying It Than Give Spain the Advantage of Its Presence,
sons.
NEWS OF THE DAY.
forecast for San FranProbably
cisco:
fair on Saturday;
brisk to high northwest wind.
Maximum temperature for the past
"Weather
NEW YORK, March 25.— The
Herald's Washington correspondent
telegraphs:
In spite of the declarations of members of the Cabinet and the officials of the State
Department that the departure of
the Spanish torpedo flotilla from
the Canary Islands cannot be considered a menace to the United
States under the rules of international law, it is still so construed
by many officers and officials of
the Navy Department.
There is every reason, naval
officers believe, why the torpedo
flotilla should not be permitted to
reach Cuban waters, and the plan
was discussed at a conference today of having the flotilla intercepted by United States naval
vessels in the neighborhood of St
Thomas and either compelled to
turn
'
i
k
back or surrender.
twenty-four hours.
PLAY FOR PEACE.
San Francisco
Portland
Los Angeles
San Diego
Copyright, IKOS, by
James Gordon Bennett.
MADRID, Mar. 25.— 1n spite of
the absolutely pessimistic views
am in a
Jaken of the situation, I
position to state that there is
terday
the
Spanish
FIRST PAGE.
Europe
solution of the
question.
That
unexpected,
but it will voice the
sentiment of the extreme liberals,
and
Moret. Their views will either
dominate and secure peace,
or
we may expect,
without any
doubt,
of
a
a
kind
ministerial
crisis. Ihave had a serious talk
with one of Spain's foremost and
most liberal men to-day, which
convinces me that unless the
including
>
Government
proposition may be startling and
Sagasta
Such action, it is realized, would
be an act of war, but there are
officials in the Navy Department
United States absolutely insists
who think that the United States
on war, Spain has in hand a
would better take the responsibilmeans of avoiding it.
ity of committing the first hostile
act than allow the Spaniards to obtain such a decided advantage as Havana or some other Cuban harthey would have if the torpedo bor the task of the United States
flotilla should succeed in reaching fleet in the event of war would be
Havana.
made much harder. It will add
According to authoritative in- greatly to the danger of attemptformation received from Madrid to- ing to take Havana if the swift
day, naval officers there regard the torpedo-boats are there to supplesailing of the fleet as a menace and ment the wo k of forts and the
a threat to the United States, and larger Spanish vessels and make
are exulting! y and openly talking sudden dashes upon first one and
of it as being a distinct advantage then the other of the American atgained over this country.
tacking fleet. It will also make
High officials of the Navy De- the task of blockading Havana expartment consider the coming of ceedingly difficult if these vessels
this strong torpedo flotilla to are on hand ready to run out unnaval der cover of darkness and attack
strengthen
the Spanish
in Cuban waters as adding
of the blockading
the vessels
so much to the gravity of the sit- squadron.
uation that they held a special
With Havana as a base of operconference to-day to discuss what ations, the torpedo flotilla might
action should be taken.
the
It is realized that if the torpedo- even threaten the vessels of
boats once get into the harbor of United States at Key West
degrees
44 degrees
degrees
degrees
60
58
Spain's Reply Will Be Hostile.
Torpedo Flotilla a Menace.
yet a large margin of possibility
that war may be averted and a
settlement arrived at. Even yes-
knew of the verdict of the Maine
Commission, and to-morrow will
know Itofficially. Its official reception will lead to a council at
which a proposition willbe made
regarding the situation
and a
scheme put forth for a peaceful
48
»
v
>
>
>
ADMIRAL BERMEJO,
>
Spain's Minister of Marine, Who Is Now Considering the Cabled Report of the Spanish Board of
Inquiry Into the Cause of the Maine Explosion(By the courtesy of J. Tauzy & Co., 6 Post street.)
>
SPANISH WILL
GET NO HELP
FROM EUROPE
Not One of the Powers Cares to
Earn the 111 Will of the
United States.
NEW YORK,March 25.—The Her- to put foreign Governments in a poald's Washington correspondent tele- sition where, should they now sell to
graphs: European mediation willnot Spain, they wu be guilty of an unbe offered to the United States and ; friendly act toward the United States.
Spain with a view to securing an ad- j Allthe available snips in the market
justment of the differences existing j have been negotiated for by agents
between them. Even if it were con- j of this Government, and as a result
templated, and the officials have no j the officials express the opinion that
knowledge of such intention, they de- j the Madrid Government has now no
clare that, while the relations be- chance of acquiring formidable vestween the Washington and Madrid | sels.
Italy has been the only power beGovernments are very much strained, \
the trouble has not yet reached a j sides Austria which has been repoint where the mediation of a third | garded with some suspicion, and the
power is absolutely necessary for the J fact that the Rome Government has
announced its willingness to sell
maintenance of peace.
It is confidently believed that ships to this nation indicates clearly
Spain will oe unable to count upon that ithas no intention of joining in
the assistance of a third power in an offensive alliance against the
the event of hostilities. The Presi- United States.
A diplomat of experience, close to
dent has been using the authority
given him to purchase ships abroad
Continued on Second Page.
aid's Washington correspondent telegraphs: The situation here to-night is
more critical than it has been at any
time since the Spanish question reached
Even the most conan acute stage.
servative'believe that unless Spain recedes from her position hostilities maybreak out within the next ten days. The
cry of the war party is now or never.
The Herald's Washington correspondent telegraphs: Taut as a bowstring is
the tension, and lights are burning late
in the White House. The Cabinet has
been twice in session considering the report of the Maine Court of Inquiry,
and at midnight the President is in conference with tried friends and confidential advisers. The crisis over the destruction of the battleship approaches,
and popular interest is at white heat.
How great is that interest is shown by
the crowds in Washington. The hotels
are jammed. The city has not had so
many visitors since the inauguration of
President McKinley. They are all attracted by the prospect of exciting times
in Congress when the President transmits to it the report of the Court of
Inquiry.
But just now all eyes are on the President. The determination of the administration not to be hurried into war inopportunely, and for that matter not
to be hurried into war at all over the
destruction of the Maine, shows no
signs of being weakened. The Maine
crisis is not th. only crisis the President
has in mind. Back of the Maine he sees
Cuba. He is willing to go to war over
Cuba, if Spain will not permit the
United States to feed the suffering re-
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
.
>
»
>
.
>
®SAISD Social Studies Department
Will Not Help Spain.
SECOND PAGE.
Rushing Work at Mare IslandRed Cross Officers Disagree
Holds Spain Responsible.
War Paint for the Navy.
Seamen Wanted at Once.
Spain Fortifying Porto Rico.
Expect to Arbitrate Troubles
Mangrove Goes to Havana.
To Blockade Cuban Ports.
New Torpedo Boat Bought.
Major Pope In Boston.
THIRD PAGE.
Senators Talk for War.
New Gun for San Francisco.
Revenue Cutters for the Navj
The New Flying Squadron.
Situation Grows More Grave
FOURTH PAGE.
Boss Rea Plays for Time.
Hunters Slain by a Moose.
Leonard Dies by the Rope.
Fusionlsts in Oregon Divide.
Murder at Dawson City.
Tons of Gold From Klondike
Held Prisoner In a Hotel.
Railroad Men In Session.
Floods in the Ohio.
FIFTH PAGE.
Hot Session of the House.
Rain Pleases the Farmers.
No Trace of Train Robbers.
Suicide of a Banker.
Attacked by Two Robbers.
Fight for the Kasson Money.
Serious Situation in the Far Eaat.
SIXTH PAGE.
Editorial.
The Water Front Scandal.
Vain Tricks in Hawaii.
The Primary Law Decision.
Warnings to Klondikers.
The Battle of the Books.
A Good Selection.
Personals and Queries.
SEVENTH PAGE.
News of the Water Front.
Says Irene Lynch Was Wayward
Arrest of a Girl for Burglary.
W. J. Blggy, the New Registrar.
Laxity in Admitting Chinese.
EIGHTH PAGE.
The Semi-Centennial Exposition.
NINTHPAGE.
Arrival of Marion Crawford.
Lightening the New York.
Funeral of Lieutenant Burke.
Queer Jobs in the School Board.
TENTH PAGE.
Sports of AllKinds.
ELEVENTH PAGE.
Sold an Estate for a Song.
Preparing for a Masonic Fete.
Frauds in Street Work.
TWELFTH PAGE.
The Commercial World.
THIRTEENTH PAGB.
News From Across the Bay.
Fashions In Easter Hats.
FOURTEENTH PAGE.
Racing at Insrleslde.
Schism In a Mission Army.
FIFTEENTH PAGE.
Births, Marriages and Deaths.
SIXTEENTH PAGE.
Summary of the Ferry Scandal.
—
First We cannot prove that Spain
blew up a United States ship.
Second We cannot trace her responsibility so far even as to justify a blunt
demand for indemnity.
Therefore, it would be readily perceived that all the talk at the Cabinet
meetings and the President's night conferences has been of peace, so far as the
Maine report is concerned. What is in
the Maine report, aside from the information that it was an outside explosion
by a submarine mine, which everybody
knew through the Herald loner ago. has
not been permitted to leak in detail from
the Cabinet.
One of the conferences at the White
House was between the President, Jud^e
George F. Edmunds of Vermont, and
—
Second Assistant Secretary of State
Adee. This conference was about the
to be sent to Spain about the
Maine disaster. This note is not to be
a demand for indemnity. It is rather a
The difference between
a demand and a representation in this
instance, is that a demand would put
the
us in the position of adjudging
Spanish nation guilty of crime, where a
representation, such as is being penned,
will state our view of the case and
way
a
to
treat
it
in
that
Spain
leave
might avert war. This representation
will be written by Judge Edmunds and
Mr. Adee, and one of the points to be
laid before Spain willbe this clause from
Article VI of the treaty with Spain:
"Each party shall endeavor by all
means in their power to protect and
defend all vessels and other effects
belonging to citizens or subjects of
the other which shall be within the
extent of their jurisdiction by sea
or by land."
When this note goes to Spain the
President will be ready to send the report of the Court of Inquiry to Congress, and this willbe done on Monday.
Then will come the crisis. The programme willbe to have the report quietly referred in the Senate to the Committee on Naval Affairs, and in the
House to the Committee on Foreign
Affairs. This will gain time and drift
the poor old Maine into the channels of
diplomacy. If this be accomplished,
well and good. The immediate danger
of hostilities over the Maine will be
passed and the President will be free
to address Congress on his plan to
"feed or fight," in connection with the
general situation. How tremendously
anxious the administration is about the
conduct of Congress is shown by the
tremendous work being done among
The Senthe members of the Senate.
ate is still regarded as a tinder box.
Yet a poll has been made of that body
for the President, and the report is that
note
representation.
Page 12
Reproduction rights granted only if copyright information remains intact.
Dossier of Evidence - Evidence Book
Document
What It Tells Us
1
2
3
4
5
6
®SAISD Social Studies Department
Page 13
Reproduction rights granted only if copyright information remains intact.
Dossier of Evidence - Evidence Book
Document
What It Tells Us
7
8
9
10
11
12
®SAISD Social Studies Department
Page 14
Reproduction rights granted only if copyright information remains intact.
Based on Our Evidence, We Have Concluded...
1
2
3
®SAISD Social Studies Department
Page 15
Reproduction rights granted only if copyright information remains intact.