Biology Manual Part 1: Elementary II
Table of Contents
BIOLOGY PART I: BACTERIA, PROTISTA, AND FUNGUS KINGDOMS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
THE STORY OF LIFE ON EARTH......................................................................................................2
LIVING AND NON-LIVING...........................................................................................................7
THE DOMAINS...............................................................................................................................9
FIVE KINGDOMS: PRESENTATION..............................................................................................14
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FIVE KINGDOMS..........................................................................23
FIVE KINGDOMS CHART............................................................................................................26
TREE OF LIFE:
PRESENTATION.................................................................................................................30
PROKARYOTE KINGDOM (ARCHAEA).........................................................................34
PROKARYOTE KINGDOM (BACTERIA)..........................................................................37
PROTISTA KINGDOM......................................................................................................40
FUNGUS KINGDOM........................................................................................................50
PLANT KINGDOM.........................................................................................................57
ANIMAL KINGDOM......................................................................................................66
CHAPTER 2: PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS
THE PROKARYOTIC CELL............................................................................................................87
THE EUKARYOTIC CELL..............................................................................................................93
Montessori Research and Development © 2013
Biology Manual Part 1: Elementary II
CHAPTER 3: THE ARCHAEA AND BACTERIA KINGDOMS
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................104
TIME LINE OF LIFE.......................................................................................................................109
KEY EXPERIENCE...........................................................................................................................110
THE ARCHAEA KINGDOM CHART......................................................................................111
CLASSIFICATION AND RESEARCH......................................................................................112
THE BACTERIA KINGDOM CHART.......................................................................................116
THE BACTERIA KINGDOM: CLASSIFICATION AND RESEARCH..........................................117
LIFE CYCLES...............................................................................................................................146
HOW THE BACTERIA SATISFIES ITS NEEDS................................................................................147
WHO AM I? STORIES...................................................................................................................149
CHAPTER 4: THE PROTISTA KINGDOM
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................151
TIME LINE OF LIFE....................................................................................................................154
KEY EXPERIENCE...........................................................................................................................157
THE PROTISTA KINGDOM CHART......................................................................................158
CLASSIFICATION AND RESEARCH....................................................................................159
LIFE CYCLES..................................................................................................................................220
HOW THE PROTIST SATISFIES ITS NEEDS..................................................................................221
WHO AM I? STORIES................................................................................................................223
Montessori Research and Development © 2013
Biology Manual Part 1: Elementary II
CHAPTER 5: THE FUNGUS KINGDOM
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................225
THE TIME LINE OF LIFE.............................................................................................................229
KEY EXPERIENCE..........................................................................................................................230
EXPERIMENTS WITH YEAST......................................................................................................234
THE FUNGUS KINGDOM CHART.............................................................................................235
CLASSIFICATION AND RESEARCH.....................................................................................236
LIFE CYCLES...............................................................................................................................253
HOW THE FUNGUS SATISFIES ITS NEEDS.................................................................................254
WHO AM I? STORIES...............................................................................................................256
MATERIALS LIST....................................................................................................................................257
MATERIAL SOURCES..............................................................................................................................261
ADDITIONAL TITLES AVAILABLE..........................................................................................................263
Montessori Research and Development © 2013
Biology Manual Part 2: Elementary II
Table of Contents
BIOLOGY PART 2: THE PLANT AND ANIMAL KINGDOMS
CHAPTER 6: THE PLANT KINGDOM
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................2
THE TIME LINE OF LIFE.................................................................................................................6
KEY EXPERIENCE - THE PLANT....................................................................................................14
THE PLANT CELL............................................................................................................................18
INTERNAL PARTS OF THE ROOT - LONGITUDINAL SECTION.............................................28
INTERNAL PARTS OF THE ROOT - CROSS SECTION............................................................33
INTERNAL PARTS OF THE HERBACEOUS STEM - CROSS SECTION.........................................39
INTERNAL PARTS OF THE WOODY STEM - CROSS SECTION.............................................44
INTERNAL PARTS OF THE LEAF - CROSS SECTION............................................................50
KEY EXPERIENCE - THE FLOWER..............................................................................................62
INTERNAL PARTS OF THE FLOWER - CROSS SECTION.......................................................67
THE PLANT KINGDOM CHART..................................................................................................74
CLASSIFICATION AND RESEARCH......................................................................................75
LIFE CYCLES..................................................................................................................................101
HOW THE PLANT SATISFIES ITS NEEDS......................................................................................102
WHO AM I? STORIES................................................................................................................104
THE WATER CYCLE........................................................................................................................105
THE NITROGEN CYCLE.............................................................................................................112
THE CARBON CYCLE.................................................................................................................117
CHAPTER 7: THE ANIMAL KINGDOM
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................124
THE TIME LINE OF LIFE...............................................................................................................128
THE ANIMAL CELL.......................................................................................................................146
Montessori Research and Development © 2013
Biology Manual Part 2: Elementary II
THE ANIMAL KINGDOM CHART..............................................................................................155
CLASSIFICATION AND RESEARCH........................................................................................156
INVERTEBRATE/VERTEBRATE....................................................................................................177
PHYLUM PORIFERA.....................................................................................................................179
PHYLUM CNIDARIA...................................................................................................................185
PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES..................................................................................................195
PHYLUM NEMATODA...............................................................................................................202
PHYLUM ANNELIDA...................................................................................................................208
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA.........................................................................................................214
PHYLUM MOLLUSCA................................................................................................................223
PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA...................................................................................................231
VERTEBRATES...........................................................................................................................238
PHYLUM CHORDATA - FISH..................................................................................................243
PHYLUM CHORDATA - AMPHIBIANS.......................................................................................251
PHYLUM CHORDATA - REPTILES..........................................................................................257
PHYLUM CHORDATA - BIRDS................................................................................................266
PHYLUM CHORDATA - MAMMALS......................................................................................272
MOUNTAIN LION (COUGAR)...............................................................................................282
BOBCAT......................................................................................................................................284
WOLF...........................................................................................................................................287
COYOTE.....................................................................................................................................290
BLACK BEAR.................................................................................................................................293
THE GREAT RIVER..................................................................................................................................295
THE SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY...............................................................................................298
MATERIALS LIST....................................................................................................................................304
MATERIAL SOURCES............................................................................................................................316
ADDITIONAL TITLES AVAILABLE......................................................................................................320
Montessori Research and Development © 2013