ical
Studies
Centre for Vic
gy & Psyc
olo
ho
l
og
tim
C V P S
Sensitization Workshop on
Status of Victim
Assistance Programme in India
Centre for Victimology and
Psychological Studies
O.P. Jindal Global University
Sonipat Narela Road, Near Jagdishpur Village, Sonipat,
Haryana-131001, NCR of Delhi, India
Tel: +91-130-3057801 / 802 / 804 / 805; Fax: +91-130-3057803 / 888
Email: info@jgu.edu.in; Website: www.jgu.edu.in
Foreword
The importance of victimology is deeply reflected
in the contemporary efforts to bring the victims
into the central focus and attention of the justice
delivery system. There is a growing recognition
that the existing legal and institutional
framework does not provide adequate space for
bringing to attention the rights of the victims.
This is given little attention at every level of the
criminal justice process. There is also an issue of
responsibility and accountability of the state and
its institutions in responding to the plight of
Prof. C. Raj Kumar
victims.
Victims continue to struggle in search of
Vice Chancellor
O.P. Jindal Global University the appropriate forum to articulate their concerns
and seek remedies for the violations. There is
anurgent need for a paradigm shift in the current situation in India as far
as the victims are concerned so that the constitutional promise of justice
is not merely a rhetoric, but a reality.
The problems of victims have been long neglected in India and around the
world. Victimology as an academic discipline for a systematic study of
victimization and the location of victim within the justice system is
critical. Legal provisions relating to human rights as a normative
framework provide little guidance and help for people who are aspiring to
fulfill their basic rights. Victims continue to struggle to seek access to
justice and the existing criminal justice system provides little hope for the
aspirations of the victims. The civil society seeks to enforce good
governance so that all human rights are promoted and protected. It is
imperative for the Indian society to work towards internalizing the values
of constitutionalism so that the exercise of all powers is subject to
accountability both for the victims of crime and abuse of power.
Victimology is an empowering discipline and the expansion of the rights
of victim through legal and institutional mechanisms is imperative for
upholding human rights.
The study of victimology for law students and lawyers is of critical
relevance. Law is an important social institution, which regulates human
behaviour. A rigorous understanding of the relationship of law and
victimology will be useful for lawyers as they are involved in ensuring that
the justice system is effective. The effectiveness of the justice delivery
system could be shaped by lawyers with a sound understanding of the
theory and practice of victimology. Lawyers who are particularly working
in the field of criminal law and are engaged in criminal legal practice
would have the knowledge and understanding of the principles of
victimology and psychology, which traditional law courses may not
i
discuss. There is a need for promoting inter-disciplinary studies in legal
education so that law students get valuable insights into the scientific,
analytical and empirical methods of the subjects of victimology and
psychology. The importance of the scientific and rigorous study of
victimology as a discipline needs to be better understood in legal
academia. Victimology cuts across various disciplines including, but not
limited to, criminology, law, sociology, anthropology, and forensic
science.
Dr. Sanjeev P. Sahni, an eminent psychologist along with this colleagues
including Dr. Vibha Hetu and Ms. Mahalakshmi has been working on
issues relating to victimology at the Centre for Victimology and
Psychological Studies at Jindal Global Law School. The centre has been
active in organizing lectures and seminars. The deliberations of the
conference in the form of a publication of this kind is indeed useful and
will pave way for serious research projects to be developed. I compliment
the efforts of Dr. Sanjeev P. Sahni and other researchers in the centre for
their splendid work. I am confident that this will be a valuable tool for all
law students and researchers who are interested in the systematic and
rigorous study of victimology in its many dimensions.
ii
Director's Message
The Centre for Victimology and Psychological
Studies (CVPS) is an offshoot of Jindal Global
Law School, O.P. Jindal Global University.
CVPS has been conceptualized with the aim to
provide victim assistance holistically under
one roof for various types of victims such as
domestic violence victims, rape victims,
victims of human trafficking, migrant
labourers, child labourers, families of suicide
victims, families of prisoners, families of
HIV/AIDS patients, senior citizens, accident
Prof. (Dr.) Sanjeev P. Sahni
victims and murder victims all over the
Professor and Director, CVPS
Jindal Global Law School
country. The various types of assistance that
O. P. Jindal Global University
will be provided by the centre are physical,
medical, psychological, social, financial,
educational, material, legal and vocational. As a beginning, we have taken
initiatives to provide assistance and support to the victims in Haryana
and we shall later spread our wings to cover the rest of the country.
CVPS offers cutting edge inter-disciplinary research in the areas
pertaining to victims such as the study of the precursors, vulnerabilities,
events, impacts, recoveries and responses by people, organizations and
cultures related to victimization. It explores the existing supportive
policies and studies the need for wider policy measures to protect and
rehabilitate them. It will further broaden its goal to study the use of
advanced techniques dealing in victim assistance, support or service
activities undertaken in response to victimization with the intention of
relieving suffering and facilitating recovery.
The Centre has envisioned the following objectives which it plans to
achieve soon:
Ÿ To study various types of victims in our society who are unable to
receive help;
Ÿ to commence a 24-hour helpline for different types of victims;
Ÿ to facilitate rehabilitation of these victims and empower them so that
they can get integrated into the society once again;
Ÿ to understand the availability of resources for these victims from the
Government and NGOs and create an awareness among them;
Ÿ to explore the requirement for further changes in Government policy
decisions to provide better facilities to victims;
Ÿ to create awareness about these victims among general public;
iii
Ÿ to explore the possibility of providing holistic rehabilitation to the
victims; and
Ÿ to work towards bringing about policy changes with regard to these
victims.
While it goes without saying that every victim deserves assistance, it is
important to provide need based assistance to every victim in order to
achieve success in rehabilitating all the victims which is the mission of
CVPS.
Feats Achieved
CVPS, from time to time, organizes many workshops, seminars, lecture
series by imminent criminologists, victimologists, social workers,
government functionaries and psychologists to spread awareness, to
sensitize the need for victim assistance, and to bridge the wide gap
between the goals enunciated and the actual status of victims in India. It
also provides emotional help to those who have survived abuse or any
traumatic incident. To take the objectives forward, CVPS provides help to
those who fall prey to various social evils and some sort of general
education to make the person aware.
CVPS plans to provide practical help which may take the form of
assistance with insurance claims, housing applications or medical
services. Most importantly, on being a part of a law school, CVPS has the
privilege to make the victims aware of the kinds of remedies available to
them from the legal system of this country, as for example, Section 357 of
CrPC, which is essential to safeguard the rights of the victims and to
remind the judiciary that they are the saviors of victims so that they
safeguard them and their rights. Victims are not just those who have
lodged a complaint with the police, but also those who fear reporting a
crime, therefore CVPS, through its awareness initiatives plans to bring
the victims in contact with the NGOs which have a duty to protect such
people. The Centre is working to make the victims aware of the role of the
government in formulating the Crime Victim Assistance Scheme, 2012.
CVPS is already running two projects successfully sanctioned by BPR&D,
namely, the 'Study on Suicides of State Police Personnel and Suggestions
to Contain Such Cases' and 'Conflict Management and Conflict
Resolution Strategies at Grassroot Level (Police Station)'.
iv
Acknowledgement
The past quarter of the century has seen a worldwide recognition of the
status of 'victims' as the survivors of the crime, or an act of violence, in the
study of criminology and trial proceedings. In the wake of this revolution,
the Centre for Victimology and Psychological Studies, an offshoot of
Jindal Global Law School, under the able guidance of Dr. Sanjeev P Sahni,
has been constituted. The inaugural conference organized by this Centre
was held on September 21st, 2012, and was named the 'Sensitization
Workshop on Status of Victim Assistance Programme in India'.
This workshop would not have been possible without the leadership and
guidance of our honorable Vice Chancellor, Professor (Dr.) C. Raj Kumar,
who continues to inspire us with his dedication and dynamism.
We would like to thank Ms. Garima Jain, Research Fellow and Member,
CVPS, JGLS, JGU and Ms. Mahalakshmi Rajagopal, Counselor and
Executive Member, CVPS, JGLS, JGU in conducting this workshop
successfully. The drafting of this report would not have been possible
without the laborious task carried out by the student members of the
CVPS, who served as rapporteurs during the conference, and edited the
proceedings of the conference. We thank and appreciate the hard work of
the students Ms. Sanjana Dhawan, Ms. Nidhi Tambe and Mr. Shreyas
Gupta. We also thank Prof. (Dr.) Jagdish Batra, English Language
Centre, JGU for editing the whole manuscript and Mr. Manoj GD for
designing this booklet.
Dr. Vibha Hetu
Senior Research Associate and Member, CVPS
Jindal Global Law School
O. P. Jindal Global University
v
Contributing Authors
Dr. Vibha Hetu
Prof. (Dr.) Sanjeev P. Sahni
Senior Research Associate and
Member, CVPS
Jindal Global Law School
O.P. Jindal Global University
Professor and Director, CVPS
Jindal Global Law School
O. P. Jindal Global University
Ms. Nidhi Tambe
Mr. Shreyas Gupta
JGLS, JGU Student
JGLS, JGU Student
Ms. Sanjana Dhawan
JGLS, JGU Student
vi
Preface
It is difficult to explain how the need to thoroughly study the problems
faced by victims – a need that today may appear obvious, even axiomatic
– has escaped the attention of social scientists for more than a century.
But, it is not rare for social scientists to miss the obvious. It tended
somehow to obliterate the needs of the victim for a very long while, failing
to see what, in retrospect, should probably have been evident all along.
The society has recently woken up to the needs of the victims and so have
the social scientists. Many books are now devoted only to the victims as if
the subject that was once invisible has now caught the eyes of all around
us and everyone wants to leap in.
The most challenging problem facing the victim today is the 'recognition
of victim' and the 'administration of justice to the victim' in a victim
oriented manner. This problem has been the subject of numerous
reforms in recent times, but the reforms that have taken place have
proved to be just a small bit and have not completely fulfilled the
underlying objectives. That means initiatives towards victim support and
assistance have taken place but are not in consonance with the number of
victims affected and their needs.
The victim forms an important part of the crime and victim precipitation
has been discussed to find out the role the victim played in the
commission of the crime. Even though there is a small role of the victim in
the crime, the society tends to look at the victim with the spectacle of
doubt and malign the character of the victim. Those victims who are
completely overtaken by surprise by the offender during the commission
of crime are treated as completely innocent victims by the Criminal
Justice system and the society. But if the victim was known to the
offender in any manner, the victim is also treated as a co-accused and not
believed as innocent. The media tends to highlight more the stranger rape
cases whereas the reporting of rape cases involving known offenders
tends to find a small space or no space in reporting. Even if they report
some cases of this kind, these are rejected outright by the society.
When the criminal case reaches police-station for registration of FIR, it
faces two kinds of hurdles: first the victim is not treated in a sensitive
manner and secondly the FIR that is registered by the police might not
tell the true story of the victim's version. The case reaches the court after a
long period has passed in between the crime committed and the date of
hearing. It is very difficult for the victim to connect to the crime that took
place long ago. The victim is flooded again with the traumatic memories
of the incident, but is inattentive to the regularities involved in the
criminal cases. By the time, the hearing is conducted, the victim forgets
vital details of the case and it is easy to find some discrepancies in her
vii
statement. The court sees to it that the accused is convicted and justice
meted out.
The report follows up on the talks and discussions that took place at the
Sensitization Workshop on the Status of Victim Assistance Program in
India held on 21 September 2013 at the Centre for Victimology and
Psychological Studies, Jindal Global Law School, O.P. Jindal Global
University, Sonipat, Haryana. The social scientists and legal luminaries,
who contributed to this workshop, need no introduction to those familiar
with legal and social reforms in India, but rarely has such a group been
assembled for the purpose of prioritizing the needs of the victims. This
report aims to prioritize certain recommendations and substantiate these
choices with the exchange of ideas among thoughtful non-partisan
experts. To build on this momentum–while still asking the hardest
questions about causes, consequences, and solutions to make the position
of the victim stronger–academicians and policymakers must leave no
room for suffering of the victim. Let us join hands together to make
difference to the lives of the victims.
Prof. (Dr.) Sanjeev P. Sahni
Professor and Director, CVPS
Jindal Global Law School
O.P. Jindal Global University
viii
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary
1
2. Status of Victim Assistance Programmes in India
3
3. Inaugural Session
12
4. First Technical Session
16
5. Second Technical Session
33
6. Recommendations
35
7. Annexure I : Workshop Brochure
37
8. Annexure II : Faculty Members and
Research Associates at Jindal Global Law School
41
9. Annexure III : All Schools Under the University
44
10. Annexure IV : Governing Body, Board of Management &
Academic Council JGU
ix
47
Executive Summary
Centre for Victimology and Psychological Studies (CVPS) an offshoot of
Jindal Global Law School, O. P. Jindal Global University (JGU),
organised a Sensitization Workshop on the 'Status of Victim Assistance
Program in India'. The workshop was held on Friday, 21 September, 2012
at the JGU campus.
The event was attended by eminent personalities, scholars and
academicians from the Government, reputed Indian Universities and
Non-Governmental Organzations. A large number of student
participants from JGLS as well as other colleges also participated. The
inaugural session commenced with the inaugural address given by Prof.
(Dr.) C. Raj Kumar, Vice Chancellor, O. P. Jindal Global University,
wherein he observed that the initiative taken by Centre for Victimology
and Psychological Studies (CVPS) has come about at the right time and
that there is an urgent need to deliberate upon such an interdisciplinary
subject.
Prof. (Dr.) Sanjeev P. Sahni, Professor and Director, Centre for
Victimology and Psychological Studies (CVPS), JGLS, JGU expounded
the vision of the centre. He elaborated upon the aim of the centre, that is,
to reach out to the silent sufferers, in order to enable them to regain selfdignity and self-reliance. He said that his aim was to develop victim
assistance centres across Haryana and later on, expand the base to the
entire country in order to ensure that everyone got help and assistance,
whenever and wherever they needed.
Prof. R. Sudarshan, Dean, Jindal School of Government and Public Policy
(JSGP), JGU, observed that the reported crimes were only a handful in
comparison to those that occurred. People refrain from reporting them
and therefore a large population of victims remains unrecognized. The
First Technical Session of the workshop was moderated by Prof. Y.S.R.
Murthy, Registrar, JGU. The session commenced with Prof. Murthy
narrating his experience of working with the National Human Rights
Commission and his visit to Gujarat (Godhra) as part of the fact-finding
mission.
After his address, three eminent speakers gave their keynote speeches.
The session started with the address delivered by Dr. P.M. Nair, IPS,
Director General, National Disaster Response Force & Civil Defence,
Government of India. Dr. Nair reflected upon a variety of concerns
regarding victim assistance and talked about the discrepancy that existed
in the treatment of the victims. His address was followed by a
presentation and remarks by Dr. Shobha Vijender, Founder, Sampurna
NGO. Dr. Vijender introduced Sampurna to the audience and elaborated
on its activities, which included welfare of women, children and old
1
people. She also elaborated on the Crisis Intervention Centre, a distinct
feature of the Sampurna NGO that works in collaboration with the Delhi
Police. The last address of the first technical session was delivered by Lt.
Gen. (Retd.) Dr. Rajesh Kochhar, Director, International Relations,
Outreach, Capacity Building and Associate Director, Jindal Institute of
Leadership Development and Executive Education, JGU. He elaborated
on the victims of war in the army and on the welfare measures provided
by the army to its victims and their families. This was followed by
presentations by student members of CVPS.
The workshop resumed with the second technical session being
moderated by Prof. Ajay Kumar Pandey, Associate Professor and
Executive Director (Clinical Programmes), JGU. Prof. (Dr.) K.
Chockalingam, Chair Professor in Criminal Law, National Law
University (NLU), Delhi and Former Vice-Chancellor, Manonmaniam
Sundaranar University, Tamil Nadu, a veteran in this field and a
distinguished guest at the event, made a few observations. According to
him, victims required a patient hearing rather than compensation. His
presentation was followed by first speaker of the Second Technical
Session of the workshop Prof. (Dr.) G. S. Bajpai, Professor of Criminology
& Criminal Justice, NLU, Delhi, who remarked that one of the loopholes
in the system was that the needs of the victims arising as a consequence of
the crime were negated. Prof. Bajpai also explained the five components
of victim justice.
Also present was Mr. Sankar Sen, IPS (Retd.), Senior Fellow, Institute of
Social Sciences, New Delhi and Former Director General of the National
Human Rights Commission, who highlighted that there was probably a
sea of forgotten and nameless victims who existed as a consequence of a
poor victim assistance system. He believed that the only way to truly help
the victims was to conduct comprehensive surveys. His address was
followed by a presentation of Mrs. Heenu Singh, Regional Head and
founding member of Childline India who educated the audience
regarding the role of organizations such as Childline in helping children
overcome victimization. She also explained the strategies used by them to
help child victims. The last speaker for the workshop was Ms.
Mahalakshmi RajagopalCounselor and Executive Member, CVPS, JGLS,
JGU spoke on 'Psychological Intervention for Victims'.
This was followed by presentations of students, who addressed the issue
of Victim Assistance at various levels. Ms. Garima Jain, Research Fellow
and Member, CVPS, JGLS, JGU, presented her views on female foeticide
following which the floor was open to questions that were answered by
the panelists. Ms. Mahalakshmi RajagopalCounselor and Executive
Member, CVPS, JGLS, JGU, concluded the session with the vote of
thanks.
2
Status of Victim Assistance Programmes in India
In this section, we analyse the status of victim assistance programmes in
India. The schemes and plans formulated by the Government and nonGovernment machinery have played substantial role in aiding and
assisting the victims at large. We also review both the Government's and
NGOs' initiative to further improve their services towards victims and
mark the effectiveness of their formulated strategies.
National Population Policy 2000 reiterates the national demographic
goals for Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and Maternal Mortality Rate
(MMR). The reduction in infant mortality and maternal mortality, which
are sensitive indicators of human development, have been a priority
concern. It is necessary that women have access to comprehensive,
affordable and quality health care. Measures are adopted that take into
account the reproductive rights of women to enable them to exercise
informed choices, their vulnerability to sexual and health problems
together with endemic, infectious and communicable diseases such as
malaria, TB, and water borne diseases as well as hypertension and cardiopulmonary diseases. The social, developmental and health consequences
of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases are to be tackled.
Strict implementation of registration of births and deaths is ensured and
registration of marriages is made compulsory.
The Balika Samriddhi Yojana (BSY) is a 100% centrally sponsored
scheme to extend 100% central assistance to States/Union Territories to
provide benefits under the Scheme. The major objectives of BSY is to
change negative family and community attitudes towards the girl child at
birth and towards her mother, to improve enrolment and retention of girl
children in schools and to raise the age at marriage of girls and to assist the
girl to undertake income generating activities. The BSY covers the girl
children in families below the poverty line (BPL) as defined by the
Government of India, in rural and urban areas, who are born on or after 15
August, 1997.
Kishori Shakti Yojana (KSY) seeks to empower adolescent girls, so as to
enable them to take charge of their lives. It is viewed as a holistic initiative
for the development of adolescent girls. This scheme is a redesign of the
already existing Adolescent Girls (AG) Scheme being implemented as a
component under the centrally sponsored Integrated Child Development
Services (ICDS) Scheme. The new scheme dramatically strengthens the
training component, particularly in skill development; aspects aimed at
empowerment and enhanced self-perception. It also fosters convergence
with other sectorial programmes, addressing the interrelated needs of
adolescent girls and women. The broad objectives of the Scheme are to
improve the nutritional, health and development status of adolescent
girls, promote awareness of health, hygiene, nutrition and family care,
3
link them to opportunities for learning life skills, help them gain a better
understanding of their social environment and take initiatives to become
productive members of the society.
Nutrition Programme for Adolescent Girls (NPAG) was launched in the
year 2002-03, on a Pilot Project basis in 51 districts in the country. Under
this scheme 6 kg. of food-grains were given to under nourished
adolescent girls, pregnant women and lactating mothers. Eligibility was
determined on the basis of their weight. The Pilot Project continued in the
year 2003-04 also. It, however, could not be continued in the year 2004 05. The Government approved the implementation of NPAG, through the
Department of Women and Child Development, in 51 backward districts
identified by the Planning Commission in the year 2005-06 to provide 6
kg of free food-grains to undernourished adolescent girls only. The
scheme is being continued for the Annual Plan 2006-07 on pilot project
basis.
Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) under Ministry of Rural Areas and
Environment is a CGS (Central Government Scheme) funded on costsharing basis between the Center and the States in the ratio of 75:25. In
the case of UTs, the entire fund is provided by the Centre. The target
groups for housing under IAY are households below poverty line living in
rural areas, particularly those belonging to SC/ST and freed bonded
labourers. The Budgetary allocation in 2008-09 was Rs. 7,919.00 crores
and budgetary allocation in 2009-10 was Rs. 7,914.70 crores. For Indira
Awas Yojana, the Union government shares costs with the State
governments.
Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension (IGNOAP) Scheme has a major
objective to provide social security to workers in the unorganized sector
in a phased manner. The budgetary allocation in 2008-09 was Rs. 3,443
crores.
Jawaharlal Nehru Rojgar Yojna (JNRY), under Ministry of Labour and
Employment is a self-employment programme for urban poor. Rajiv
Gandhi Shilpi Swasthya Bima Yojana, under Union Ministry of Textiles,
in association with ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited,
Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission (RGNDWM), under
Ministry of Rural Development, had an annual allocation plan of
Rs. 6,400 crores for 2007-08 and annual allocation plan of Rs. 7,300
crores for 2008-09.
Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana (AABY) covers death and disability insurance
for the benefit of rural landless households in the country. It provides
insurance against natural as well as accidental and partial/permanent
disability. Since December 2012, AABY has been merged with Janshree
Bima Yojana to increase administrative efficiency.
4
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), Government of India
sponsored programme, is India's primary social welfare scheme to tackle
malnutrition and health problems in children below 6 years of age and
their mothers. The main beneficiaries of the programme were aimed at
the girl child till her adolescence, all children below 6 years of age,
pregnant and lactating mothers. The gender promotion of the girl child
by trying to bring her at par with the male child is a key component of the
scheme. The major objectives are to raise the health and nutritional level
of poor Indian children below 6 years of age, to reduce instances of
mortality, malnutrition and school dropouts among Indian Children and
to provide health and nutritional information and education to mothers
of young children to enhance child rearing capabilities of mothers in
India. The services sponsored under ICDS are immunization,
supplementary nutrition, health checkup, referral services, pre-school
non-formal education, and nutrition and health information. The
programme had claimed to reach 8.06 million pregnant and lactating
mothers along with 39.35 million children (under 6 years of age) in 2010.
There are 6,719 operational projects with 1,241,749 operational
Aanganwadi centers.
National Social Assistance Scheme (NSAS) or National Social Assistance
Programme (NSAP), under Ministry of Rural Development, Government
of India is a flagship welfare program of Government of India initiated on
15 August 1995. It directs the State to provide public assistance to its
citizens in case of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement and
in other cases of undeserved want within the limit of its economic
capacity and development. The beneficiaries of this scheme could hail
from either urban or rural areas. The scheme is completely sponsored by
the Central Government, under the Union Budget for the financial year of
2011-12 with the budgetary allocation of Rs. 6,158 crores. This scheme is
meant to be implemented under the union budget 2012-2013 raising the
budgetary allocation by 37 per cent from Rs. 6,158 crores in 2011-12 to
Rs. 8,447 crores in 2012-13.
Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV) Scheme was introduced by
the Government of India in August, 2004 to provide educational facilities
to girls belonging to scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, other backward
classes, minority communities and families below the poverty line in
educationally backward Blocks. 2578 KGBVs were sanctioned by
Government of India till date. Of these, 427 KGBVs have been sanctioned
in Muslim concentration blocks, 612 in ST blocks, and 688 in SC blocks. A
total of 750 residential schools would be opened in educational backward
blocks. 75% enrollment is reserved for girls from SC, ST, OBC and
Minority communities and the other 25% to girls from families below the
poverty line.
5
National Literacy Mission (NLM) was a nationwide programme started
by Government of India on 5 May 1988. Its aim was to make 80 million
adults in the age group of 15-35 years literate over an eighty year period.
NLM carries the meaning of "Literacy" as not only learning how to read,
write and count but also helping people become aware of why they are
deprived and helping them move towards change. The National Literacy
Mission has two flagship programmes- Total Literacy programmes and
Post Literacy Programmes through which it gives shape to its aims. But
with the revitalization of National Literacy Mission Programme on 30
September 1999, both the campaigns have come under one single project:
'Literacy Campaigns: an Operation Restoration'. Till November 2002,
596 districts out of the total 600 districts of the country had been covered
up by the National Literacy Mission under the Total Literacy campaign
programme. Out of which, 191 was in the Post Literacy phase and 238 in
the continuing education phase. The UN agency-UNESCO in year 1999
conferred upon it UNESCO Noma Literacy Prize.
The National Rural Employment Generation Scheme (NREGS) is a recent
employment scheme in India for providing 100 days of guaranteed wage
employment to all employment seekers above 18 years of age and willing
to do work. The scheme came into force on 5 September 2005 in 199
districts in India and extended to another 130 districts later.
There are many state government schemes such as Rajiv Gandhi
Rehabilitation Package for Tsunami Affected Areas, Government of
Tamil Nadu (Budgetary Allocation Rs. 2,347.19 crores), Rajiv Gandhi
Social Security Scheme for poor people, under Department of Revenue
and Disaster Management, Government of Pondicherry, Rajiv Ratna
Awas Yojna (it was announced that the centre would give a package of Rs.
1, 500 crores for providing housing facilities to the poorer sections in
Delhi), Rajiv Gandhi Prathamik Shiksha Mission, Raigarh, Rajiv Gandhi
Shiksha Mission, Madhya Pradesh, Rajiv Gandhi Mission on Food
Security, Madhya Pradesh, Rajiv Gandhi Mission on Community Health,
Madhya Pradesh, Rajiv Gandhi Rural Housing Corporation Limited
(Registered in April 2000), a Government Company established by the
Government of Karnataka to cater to the housing needs of the
economically and socially weaker sections of the society. Its authorized
capital is Rs. 10 crores with Rs. 3 crores paid up. Rajiv Gandhi Computer
Central Government Schemes, Lal Krishna Advani, available at: http://www.lkadvani.in/
eng/content/view/858/424/
Central Government Schemes, Directorate of Welfare Disabled and Senior Citizens,
available at: http://www.karunadu.gov.in/ welfareofdisabled/Pages/goi_schemes.aspx
Central Government Schemes for the Rehabilitation of Persons with Disabilities,
Rehabilitation Council of India, available at: www.rehabcouncil.nic.in/pdf/ CG_schem.pdf
6
Literacy Programme, Assam, Rajiv Gandhi Swavlamban Rojgar Yojana,
Government of NCT of Delhi, Rajiv Gandhi Mobile Aids Counseling and
Testing Services, Rajiv Gandhi Foundation, Rajiv Gandhi Vidyarthi
Suraksha Yojana, Maharashtra, Rajiv Gandhi Mission for Water Shed
Management, Madhya Pradesh, Rajiv Gandhi Food Security Mission for
Tribal Areas, Madhya Pradesh, Rajiv Gandhi Home for Handicapped,
Pondicherry, Rajiv Gandhi Breakfast Scheme, Pondicherry, Rajiv Gandhi
Artisans Health and Life Insurance Scheme, Tamil Nadu, Rajiv Gandhi
Zopadpatti and Nivara Prakalpa, Mumbai, Rajiv Arogya Sri programme,
Gujarat State Government Scheme, Rajiv Gandhi Abhyudaya Yojana,
Andhra Pradesh, Rajiv Gandhi Computer Saksharta Mission, Jabalpur,
Indira Gandhi Balika Suraksha Yojana, Himachal Pradesh, Indira Gandhi
Garibi Hatao Yojana (DPIP), Madhya Pradesh, Indira Gandhi
Priyadarshani Vivah Shagun Yojana, Haryana Government, Indira
Mahila Yojana Scheme, Meghalaya Government etc.
Central and State Government sponsored Scholarships/Fellowships are
given to the students of marginalized class, schedule class/Schedule
tribe/other backward class, and of poor background. The schemes for
Scholarships/Fellowships are Rajiv Gandhi Scholarship Scheme for
Students with Disabilities, Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship Scheme for
SC/ST Candidates, under Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
for which the Budgetary Allocation in 2008-9 was Rs. 26.40 crores and in
2009-10 was Rs. 23.70 crores, Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship Scheme
for ST Candidates for which the Budgetary Allocation in 2008-09 was Rs.
29.00 crores and in 2009-10 was Rs. 42.00 crores, Rajiv Gandhi
Fellowship, IGNOU, Rajiv Gandhi Science Talent Research Fellows, Rajiv
Gandhi Fellowship, Ministry of Tribal Affairs for which the Budgetary
Allocation in 2008-9 was Rs. 16.00 crores and in 2009-10 was Rs. 22.50
crores, Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship Scheme for scheduled castes
and scheduled tribes candidates given by University Grants Commission,
Rajiv Gandhi Fellowship sponsored by the Commonwealth of Learning in
association with Indira Gandhi National Open University, Rajiv Gandhi
science talent research fellowship given by Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for
advanced scientific research (to promote budding scientists) done in
tandem with Department of Science and Technology and Rajiv Gandhi
Foundation, Rajiv Gandhi HUDCO Fellowships in the Habitat Sector (to
promote research in the field of sustainable Habitat development) for
M.Phil, Ph.D. Students for 2 to 3 years, conferred by HUDCO), Indira
Deendayal Disabled Rehabilitation Scheme to promote Voluntary Action for Persons
with Disabilities, MINISTRY OF SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT, available at:
http://socialjustice.nic.in/ddrs.php?pageid=6
A Report on Bonded Labour Rehabilitation Scheme under Centrally Sponsored
Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976 in the States of Madhya Pradesh,
Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh, PLANNING COMMISSION, available
at: http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/sereport/ser/ser_bon0405.pdf
7
Gandhi Memorial Fellowships check, Fulbright scholarship now
renamed Fulbright- Jawaharlal Nehru Scholarship, Cambridge Nehru
Scholarships, (10 in number), for research at Cambridge University,
London, leading to Ph.D. for 3 years, which include fee, maintenance
allowance, air travel to UK and back, Scheme of Jawaharlal Nehru
Fellowships for Post-graduate Studies, Government of India, Nehru
Centenary (British) Fellowships/Awards etc.
The National Commission for Women has proposed a Criminal Injuries
Compensation Board for the payment of compensation to victims of rape.
This proposal has been done on the Directives issued by the Supreme
Court of India in the case Delhi Domestic Working Women's Forum Vs.
Union of India and others writ petition (CRL) No.362/93. It directed the
National Commission for Women to evolve a 'scheme so as to wipe out the
tears of unfortunate victims of rape'. The Supreme Court observed that
having regard to the Directive Principles contained in the Article 38(1) of
the Constitution, it was necessary to set up a Criminal Injuries
Compensation Board, as rape victims besides the mental anguish,
frequently incur substantial financial loss and in some cases are too
traumatized to continue in employment. The Court further directed that
compensation for victims shall be awarded by the Court on conviction of
the offender and by the Criminal Injuries Compensation Board whether
or not a conviction has taken place. The Board shall take into account the
pain, suffering and shock as well as loss of earnings due to pregnancy and
the expenses of child birth if this occurs as a result of rape.
The Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 as amended by the Code of Criminal
Procedure (Amendment) Act 2008 (5 of 2009) has now an added
provision in the form of the section 357-A on the schemes related to victim
compensation. There is a provision for formulating schemes under
Section 357A (1) CrPC1 where every State Government in coordination
with the Central Government shall prepare a scheme for providing funds
for the purpose of compensation to the victim or his dependents who have
suffered loss or injury as a result of the crime and who require
rehabilitation. It does not require the apprehension and conviction of the
offender to provide financial relief to the victims. This provision has not
been utilized for formulating schemes for compensating victims of crime.
In order to give effective rights to the person injured or expired in an
accident, Fatal Accidents Act, 1885 was enacted in India. This Act
provided only a procedure and a right of named legal heirs to claim
compensation from the person committing negligence. This enactment
1
Crime Victim Compensation: AN OVERVIEW, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CRIME
VICTIM COMPENSATION BOARDS, available at: http://www.nacvcb.org/
index.asp?bid=14
8
has worked in India for a comfortable long period. Because of increase in
automation and consequential losses of life and property in accident, it
was considered that to give relief to the victims of accident claims an
effective law should be brought in. To facilitate this, provisions have been
inserted for compulsory third party insurance and to provide a machinery
of adjudication of claim in Motor Vehicle Act by amending Act No.110 of
1956, by which Section 93 to 109 with reference to third party insurance
and Section 110(A) to 110(F) with reference to creation of Motor Accident
Claims Tribunal and procedure for adjudication of claim has been
provided. Initially the liability was restricted to a particular sum but after
1982 the liability of the Insurance Company has been made unlimited and
even the defenses of the Insurance Companies have been restricted so as
to ensure payment of compensation to third parties. Scheme of Chapter
10 and 11 of Motor Vehicle Act: Chapter 10 with Sections 140 to 144
provides for interim compensation on 'No Fault' Basis. According to this
provision Rs. 50,000/- is to be given to the kith and kin of the deceased
and Rs. 25,000/- to the grievously injured victim.
Aside from all the government initiatives enumerated above, there are a
number of Non-Governmental Organizations working for the welfare of
victims of all kinds. Salaam Baalak Trust was established in 1988, founded
by Ms. Mira Nair and supervised by Mr. Praveen Nair. It works towards
the betterment of street children by providing them with food, shelter,
and education.1 Goonj was established in 1998, by Mr. Anshu Gupta, with
a mission of solving the clothing problems of the underprivileged.2
Samhita is another NGO founded by Mr. N S Rahgavan. Many people
often find themselves in the crutches of poverty because they aren't able to
access resources which would create opportunity. Samhita helps in
fundraising, and conducts self-development workshops so they can
achieve their potential. They also work with various companies to
inculcate Corporate Social Responsibility.3
Akshara Centre was established in 1995, by Ms. Nandita Gandhi and Ms.
Nandita Shah. They aim to bring about Gender equality and restore the
status of women in society, through the medium of organizing mentoring
sessions to sensitize the youth towards issues of gender equality, violence
against women and women empowerment.4 Another NGO is called Act
Now for Harmony and Democracy – ANHAD for short. It is relatively
new, established in 2003, by Mr. Shabnam Hashmi. ANHAD works
tirelessly to cultivate ideas of democracy and secularism with the youth of
1
SALAAM BAALAK TRUST, available at http://www.salaambaalaktrust.com/city walk.asp
GOONJ, available at http://goonj.org/
3
SAMHITA, available at http://www.samhita.org/
4
AKSHARA CENTRE, available at http://www.aksharacentre.org/
5
ANHAD, available at http://www.anhadin.net/
2
9
the country, and provide voice to those faceless victims who have been
wronged by the system.5
Sangat India was founded in 1988 by Ms. Kamla Bhasin. It operates in
south-Asian countries towards the betterment of the female gender and
empowering women to be self-dependent and lead a respectable life.6
D.O.R.A.I. Foundation, established in 2011 by Ms. Sumithra Prasad,
seeks to understand the needs of differently abled children to care for
them better. Udayan Care, established by Dr. Kiran Modi in 1994,
primarily focuses on disadvantaged children and women, further
broadening the horizon to the underprivileged sections of the society.
HAQ: Centre for child rights, under the leadership of Ms. Bharti Ali and
Ms. Enakshi Ganguly Thukral works to sensitize people towards the
rights of children and create an environment where every child lives a life
without any discrimination.7
Sammaan is working towards organizing the rickshaw-pulling class of
people by providing them with opportunities to earn their livelihood. It is
taking giant strides in areas like women empowerment, health services,
employment generation, micro credit and children's education. It was
founded in 2007 by Mr. Irfan Alam.8 Navjyoti India Foundation was
founded by the renowned IPS officer Dr. Kiran Bedi, in 1987, to support
and provide assistance to those people who are addicted to drugs.9
The schemes introduced by government with the objectives to lay a firm
foundation of girls' future through improvement in their educational and
economic status is a strong step towards bridging the gap of gender
disparities that still persists in rural and urban areas, and also among
disadvantaged communities. Central and State Government's funded
schemes to set up residential schools with boarding facilities at
elementary level will help realize the complete literacy of the population.
Programmes run to fulfill the objectives of providing basic nutrition and
health status, promoting awareness about health, hygiene, nutrition,
reproductive and sexual health, and family and child care, to upgrade
home-based skills, life skills and vocational skills is ought to play a
significant role in overall development of the rural population
particularly women.
There are a number of Non-Governmental Organizations contributing
their bit in providing assistance to the victims, but still they need to go a
long way to provide substantial standing for victims in modern day
6
SANGAT South Asia, available at http://www.anhadin.net/
HAQ: Centre for child rights, available at http://www.haqcrc.org/
8
SAMMAAN, available at http://www.sammaan.org/
9
NAVJYOTI INDIA FOUNDATION, available at http://www.navjyoti.org.in/
7
10
society. There still exists a wide gap between the goals enunciated in the
Constitution, legislation, policies, plans, programmes, and related
mechanisms, and the situational reality of the status of the population in
India. Therefore, it is necessary that whatever goals are made should have
the targeted population in mind and their requirements, with the certain
objectives to deploy sincere efforts in fulfilling the targets. There is not
even a single scheme named for victims; the schemes are meant for
population in general and talk about overall development of the
population. There is a strong need to have schemes meant to tackle the
problems faced by victims and to reach out to them for making their lives
easier.
11
Inaugural Session
Prof. C. Raj Kumar
Vice Chancellor
O.P. Jindal Global University
Prof. (Dr.) C. Raj Kumar, the Vice Chancellor of O.
P. Jindal Global University (JGU) and Dean of the
Law School, JGU opened the conference by
congratulating the initiative taken by the Centre
for Victimology and Psychological Studies. He
remarked that the conference had been organized
at the right time – at the peak of instances of
victimization taking place all over the world.
Victim justice, in his esteemed opinion, is one of
the crucial points to establish a rule of law. He
applauded the efforts of the director of the Centre
for Victimology and Psychological Studies, Prof.
(Dr.) Sanjeev P. Sahni.
Prof. Raj Kumar expressed his hope that the students of O. P. Jindal
University would take the opportunity to engage and discuss with the
distinguished speakers of this field assembled for the conference. He
pointed out the very fact that speakers who were present were some of the
most prominent ones from the fields of law, academia and research. He
made a suggestion that setting up a Victim Corporation should be an
inherent part of corporate responsibility. In the case of international
relations, he said, we need to understand the role of the victim in multiple
issues that they face, and negotiate for relief on this basis. The Jindal
School of International Affairs and the Jindal School of Governance and
Public Policy are concerned about these issues, and an understanding of
victimology would help them gain first-hand knowledge on instances of
genocide, crimes of displacement, rehabilitation, livelihood and poverty,
and many others. He pointed out the fact that the Centre is interdisciplinary, transcending all boundaries, and is applicable to all four
schools at O.P. Jindal Global University.
He concluded by reiterating the importance of understanding the plight
of the victims, and the current social scenario in India. He thanked Dr.
Sahni for leading the Centre for Victimology and Psychological Studies
from conception to execution.
12
Prof. (Dr.) Sanjeev P. Sahni, Professor and
Director, Centre for Victimology and
Psychological Studies, started out by
saying that this was one of the happiest
days of his career – to have his guide and
professor present at a workshop on the
very subject in which he had instructed
him, i.e., Victimology and Victim
Assistance was a double honour indeed.
The professor he referred to was Prof.
Chockalingam, Chair Professor in
Professor and Director, CVPS
Criminal
Law, National Law University,
Jindal Global Law School,
O. P. Jindal Global University
Delhi, and former Vice Chancellor of the
Manon- maniam Sundaranar University,
Tamil Nadu. Prof. Chockalingam, considered a pioneer in the field of
Victimology in India,founded the Indian Society of Victimology in 1992
and served as its President for 13 years. He advocated for victim rights in
India through many conferences, seminars and public lectures. He has
been associated with World Society of Victimology (WSV) as a life
member for more than two decades now and is a member of its Executive
Committee, and has contributed to the development of International
Victimology. Dr. Sahni thanked the Vice Chancellor for being supportive
in all his endeavours. As he hails from a corporate background, he found it
was a great faith of the Vice Chancellor to allow him to combine
psychology and law with focus on victimology. That faith has, however,
paid off.
Prof. (Dr.) Sanjeev P. Sahni
The Centre was first established in 2011 academic year, but only gained
momentum this year, with the influx of more specially trained
individuals, to help smooth out the glitches. The members were chosen
from about 80 aspirants, after a rigorous process of orientation and
application, all of whom actively participate. The tremendous response
from the students, said Dr. Sahni, restored his faith in humanity, and
showed him that the rich care too. The aim of the centre is to start from
Sonepat, Haryana, establishing victim assistance centres all over the
state, and then further, all over the country. He hoped to establish an
assistance helpline, with a toll free number that could be accessed by any
individual being in a vulnerable situation–a novel implementation in
India. "We would like to be constantly accessible by the police and the
courts, so that in the event they are approached by a victim, we may take
action necessary in terms of emotional, psychological, and legal support,"
Dr. Sahni said.
He concluded by thanking Prof. Sudarshan for his support with respect to
UNDP and the Vice Chancellor for his persuasion and encouragement.
13
Prof. R. Sudarshan
Dean
Jindal School of Government and
Public Policy
O.P. Jindal Global University
Prof. R. Sudarshan, Dean, Jindal School
of Government and Public Policy, JGU
elaborated on how Victimology is a
subject of great concern and that it
doesn't take a specialist or an expert to
appreciate its value and importance. "It
matters very much at a fundamental level
for every human being", he said. He
expressed profound happiness at the
initiative undertaken by Dr. Sahni, and
remarked that it is going to be very crucial
for the university.
Pleased that Prof. Chockalingam was
present in the workshop, Prof. Sudarshan
praised the extensive work done by himin
the field of victimology. He said that in all major United Nations
documents that deal with victimology, one will find Prof. Chockalingam
as the chief contributor, as for example, in the handbook for assistance to
victims produced by the UN Office of Drugs and Crimes, the Declaration
of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of
Power1985,1 handbooks for policy makers, provisions that guide
thegovernment on what policies to make etc.
Prof. Sudarshan went on to explain the warped sense of justice in the
system that exists due to the colonial inheritance, where the main focus
lies on the accused. This seems legitimate as the accused has the right to
be treated with dignity. The countries abroad are really particular about
this. Miranda rules2 direct that everyone who has been accused of a crime,
be read out their rights before they are arrested.
He further said this is all good, but victims are the ones who are lost. Even
in the court room, one has place (dais) for the witness and the accused. It
is ironic that there is no particular place that is assigned to the victim. This
is also symbolic of the fact that the victims are neglected. A look at the
statistics, Prof. Sudarshan said that a very small percentage of cases are
reported to the police because of the hurdles that the victims face in order
to get justice and the problems they face while filing of an FIR and the
intimidating nature of the bureaucracy etc. The victims don't report it and
1
HANDBOOK ON JUSTICE FOR VICTIMS, UNITED NATION OFFICE FOR DRUG
CONTROL AND CRIME PREVENTION, available at: http://www.uncjin.org/Standards/
9857854.pdf
2
Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966) (The US Supreme Court said that prior to the time
of arrest and any interrogation of a person suspected of a crime, he/she must be told that
he/she has: "the right to remain silent, the right to legal counsel, and the right to be told that
anything he/she says can be used in court against" him/her
14
crimes go unnoticed. There is a plethora of nameless victims that exist
who can't and aren't identified.
Prof. Sudarshan suggested the need for a helpline for those silent
sufferers since victims don't have a voice and it is important to provide
them with a platform where they can speak as well are heard, not only at
the local level but also at the international level.
One needs to acknowledge the fact that there is a large population that is
suffering out there. According to Prof. Sudarshan, one of his most moving
experiences was when he was working with the Ford Foundation and
went to Jaffna. Indian peace keeping force had left. A small organization
called Purani was working there with women. These women were either
those who had been ostracized by their families for having a relationship
with an Indian soldier or were victims of rape by Indian soldiers. Either
way their families had seen them as a source of dishonour and disowned
them.
Prof. Sudarshan gave the example of Afghanistan, where many atrocities
are committed against the locals; not just by the Taliban but other groups
as well such as the northern alliance etc. He said 'Every warlord has blood
on his hands'. According to him the common thread amongst both is
victims wanting acknowledgment, and the fact that they have been
wronged. If it is not addressed, the seeds of conflict shall remain. If this
doesn't happen, then the feeling of betrayal may remain. The repressed
grudge could lie dormant and trigger at a later date.
He further talked about justice having many facets. Justice that one
receives in the modern system is very microscopic. All the focus remains
on the perpetrator of the crime. The problems of the victim, their
experience doesn't come into the limelight. The other way is the method
employed by the father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi. It was a form of
experiential justice. Gandhi said 'You receive justice by living through it'.
The third is dialogical justice. It is when the person commits the crime and
acknowledges in front of the victim that he has wronged him.
In South Africa, this form of justice was used. They made the white
population admit the fact that they had wronged the black population.
Nelson Mandela wanted people who were the accused, to admit their
faults and the victims wanted to be acknowledged. He believed all that the
victims needed was someone to acknowledge what had happened to
them. With the people and the perpetrators present, there was a 'special
kind of truth'.
Prof. Sudarshan concluded by saying that all religions believe in harmony
and that balance should be restored in the society and it cannot be done
without acknowledging the victims.
15
First
First Technical
Technical Session
Session
Dr. P.M. Nair, IPS
Director General,
National Disaster Response Force &
Civil Defence, Govt. of India
New Delhi
Dr. P.M. Nair, IPS, Director General,
National Disaster Response Force & Civil
Defence, Govt. of India, New Delhi,
remarked that it was privilege to be invited
to the conference. He went on to talk about
victims and their rights and at what point of
time do these rights come in. He posed to the
audience, questions such as, 'Who has the
rights – the accused, the victim or the
suspect? He talked about the situation
wherein the accused always have people
defending them and the media doesn't help
either. This causes a very damaging blow to
the psyche of the victim.
He illustrated that there were very basic
things that the victim wanted, like validation that they have been
wronged. He gave the example of a girl who was molested in the bus. The
only thing that she wanted was someone to accept that something bad had
happened to her. Instead what happened was that she was blamed for it.
She was told that she “asked for it”. Due to social perceptions and the
attached stigma, her own family turned against her. Some other things
that the victims want, in Dr. Nair's opinion, are restoration of dignity,
redemption, compensation, no re-victimisation and criminalization.
He spoke about the time he was pursuing Ph.D. He decided to do his study
on the issue of child victims including victims of rape. He interviewed 82
child victims, and was moved and at the same time horrified, by what they
had experienced. To him what every child went through was sufficient to
prepare a book.
To an extent, everyone is getting victimized every day. The rights of the
people get infringed in this process. It may not necessarily be in the most
obvious way. It can even be the most smallest of things, like students
studying before an exam, getting disturbed by the music coming from the
mosque, temple etc. No one finds out whether that is even allowed but the
rights are being violated.
Another example could be when children are forced out of bed at 7 a.m. in
morning and are forced to lug heavy bags outside. That too is a form of
victimisation, but no one tries to understand or even consider the
children's perspective. Dr. Nair felt sad to note discrepancy in the
treatment of victims. He found that victims too had classes. A clear class
divide existed between the way the victims of the upper classes and those
of the lower classes are treated.
16
Dr. Nair mentioned and illustrated how the news about a BMW car being
stolen will create a huge sensation, whereas 10 women are being saved
from brothels and massaging parlours, will not even be reported. The
women are classified as insignificant; the important people make more of
an impact than the ones who aren't.
Dr. Nair went on to raise the pertinent question of why the poor children
aren't being helped. He said that human trafficking is against the rights of
human beings enshrined in the Constitution. Article 23 clearly states
Prohibition of trafficking human beings and forced labour, but the
violation takes place everywhere.1 Just walking out of the JGU campus,
one can see child labourers who have come from all parts of the country,
are victims of displacement and exploitation.
Dr. Nair explained that the innovative provisions are in place. The Indian
law has so many provisions for children: when the child is rescued, the
medical examination is compulsory. Similarly 'home verification' is
necessary. This is because the government is scared to put the children in
the hands of people who will exploit them further. The practice of
'aftercare' also exists and is instrumental in providing protection to child
victims.
With respect to women victims, numerous rights exist in the constitution
and CrPC. For example - a rape victim shall be interviewed only by a
female police officer. If a woman officer is not available then the police
officer can only do so in the presence of a representative of an NGO. Also,
women cannot be called in the police station after sunset for questioning.2
If the police man wants to interview her he must do so in an environment
where she is comfortable in her house in the presence of her family
members. In court trials, there is provision for anonymity of the women
victims.
The question remains, where are we falling short? In spite of having so
many provisions why doesn't it reflect in the society? Answering the
rhetorical question, Dr. Nair explained that the problem lies in the
implementation of this. Constant victimization- stigmatisation, lack of
rehabilitation and lack of responders for help, the accused getting away
with it – results in poor implementation and ineffectiveness, even though
there are many specialised measures in place.
1
Human Trafficking: Facts & Figures, TEAMWMI, available at: http://www.teamwmi.org
/educational-information/human-trafficking-facts-figures/
2
(As per Sec 46, Clause 4 of the CrPC, except in exceptional circumstances, no woman shall
be arrested after sunset and before sunrise, and where such exceptional circumstances
exist, the woman police officer shall, by making a written report, obtain the prior permission
of the Judicial Magistrate of the first class within whose local jurisdiction the offence is
committed or the arrest is to be made.)
17
Dr. Nair then narrated a case that he came across, while working in
NHRC, that of a 14 year old child. The magistrate convicted her and said
that she should be deported back to Bangladesh. In cases such as these it is
a vicious cycle. If she was sent back (regardless if the person was a male or
a female) she/he would be taken to the Bangladesh border and then asked
to “run”. When she/he would get past the border, she/he would be
rounded up, put on a bus, and sent for trafficking.
Dr. Nair explained how he tried to intervene in order to get the girl across
the border safely, but he was told by his superiors that the emotion has no
place in law and that he must act rationally. He intervened nevertheless
and thus the girl was handed over to an NGO in Bombay, which then
contacted another NGO in Bangladesh (Salma Ali) and then they
managed to get the girl into the country and also in turn assured that the
girl wouldn't fall prey to the same racket or any other racket.
Dr. Nair concluded by saying that every small step makes a difference in
the long run. We need to realise that we need to empower people.
18
Dr. Shobha Vijender
Dr. Shobha, Founder President of the NGO
Sampurna, a social welfare organization,
elaborated on the role of Sampurna.1
Sampurna operates a Crisis Intervention
Centre, which works in collaboration with
Delhi Police. She explained how NGO's
work is streamlined for effectiveness and
absolute coverage. Each district has such an
organization – and each NGO is obligated to
send a volunteer whenever the police call
them with a case having been reported.
Founder and President
Sampurna NGO, Delhi
She stated that people approach Sampurna
with a plethora of issues, and the volunteers
attempt to help the victim in the
bestpossible ways. The range of problems goes from domestic violence
to rape. Each volunteer has been trained, and as such, there is an
integrated method to deal with every person walking through their doors.
They start by communicating with people close to the victim. The
problems are identified, and addressed with expediency, keeping in mind
the holistic psychological and physiological healing of the victim. They
work with society as a whole, rather than pinpoint one sector of society
and aim to heal that portion alone.
Dr. Shobha talked about the Family Counselling Centres – a source of
recourse offered mainly to victims of domestic violence. However, a huge
problem in India being a lack of understanding about counselling, the
effectiveness of this is lost on the population. People expect all their
problems to be solved with one visit to the Family Counselling Centres. As
a result, they are approached with all sorts of problems. When the
counsellors are unable to provide appropriate solutions people expect,
trust in the Centres are lost.
Dr. Shobha pinpointed the failure of our system as a lack of
implementation. She says that once an individual is victimised, they are
turned into the most marginalised, and helpless part of society, acting
merely as dupes. From her experience at her NGO, 99% of the victims she
came across came from a background of slums, villages, or lower income
groups. Out of this cross-section, she believed it was imperative to
identify the most vulnerable parts, and strive to safeguard these people.
She pointed out that even though the elite are victims to their own
unfortunate circumstances, it is often the marginalised that is sacrificed,
and has to pay the cost for any kind of crime they suffer. While the rich can
1
SAMPURNA, available at: http://www.sampurnaonline.org/
19
take care of themselves, and restore any losses they face, the poor simply
cannot afford an eye for eye reasoning, and are subjected to the whimsies
of those with the power and social capital.
She explained that even in the 21st century, there are three distinct kinds of
victims – Primary, secondary, and tertiary victims. Primary victims are
the people directly involved in the crime, secondary victims are the kith
and kin of the primary victims, and tertiary victims are those who are
removed from the crime2 and the people involved, but are affected
nonetheless. Not much been done for the victims but as a part of civil
society, the volunteers have been trying to uplift the downtrodden which
has played an important role. She cited an example of a case when a girl
child was brought to the NGO by the police, and Dr. Shobha herself, in the
role of child welfare member, spoke to the Governor of Gangtok, and
immediate action was taken.
Dr. Shobha spoke that people be given a platform to communicate with
the victims, as well as with the law officers dealing with any particular
case. The downfall in today's system is not only that there is no efficient
system that coordinates the different sectors of victim assistance, but
often, people do not know who to hand over the case to, so as to maximize
comfort for the victim. The circumstances further victimise the survivors.
She demonstrated a case of domestic violence, where the woman was
terribly battered by the husband. She had also been subjected to torture at
the hands of her in-laws. She refused to return home, fearing further
abuse. Sampurna managed to place her in a women's shelter. The flip side
of this was that the husband now refuses to allow her to meet her children.
At this point, she is disillusioned to the extent where she is not looking for
justice anymore – all she wants is to be with her children. She has no
support for herself, as the entire village supported her husband. Dr.
Shobha saw this as the victims being stripped of her dignity and respect by
society.
According to the respected speaker, the psychology of the victim is weak;
they are vulnerable, even to the extreme of wanting to take their own lives.
Constant victimization, even subsequent to the initial crime, shows a
callousness and cynicism from society. The media is also a party to this by
being the tool through which violence is being propagated. What we need
is for the general population to be sensitized to the plight of those who
have been hurt, fallen by the wayside, and need help coming back.
2
Bonnie S. Fisher & Steven P. Lab, Encyclopaedia of Victimology and Crime Prevention 527
(2010).
20
Lt. Gen. (Retd.) Rajesh Kochhar
spoke mostly on the price of war,
drawing on his army experience of
40 years. He talked about the
welfare schemes offered ex gratia
by the central government, not
only for the army, but also for the
officers of the navy, air force, and
police. He specifically addressed
the victims of both casualties and
injuries, and he examined the ways
Lt. Gen. (Retd.) Dr. Rajesh Kochhar
in which their rehabilitation
Director, International Relations
Outreach and Capacity Building, and
occurred, and how the fallen heroes
Associate Director, Jindal Institute of Leadership
of
the country were taken care of.
Development and Executive Education
He brought to our notice the
O. P. Jindal Global University
figures and monetary compensation involved with Fatal Battle
Casualties and Fatal Physical Casualties. He explained the role of the
Army Welfare Corpuses and Army Group Insurance. Dr. Kochhar also
explained what the assured last rites offered were, as well as the benefits
offered by the Kendriya Sainik Board and from Director General
Resettlement. Finally, he enumerated the benefits from the ExServicemen Contributory Health Scheme (ECHS).1
Starting withcasualties, he segregated these into two – battle casualties –
received in the face of battle action; and physical casualties – obtained off
the field. The ex gratia offered from the government in the case of battle
casualties are Rs. 10 lakhs when there is death due to battlefield accidents,
or at the hands of terrorists; Rs. 15 lakhs when it is due to enemy action,
and Rs. 20 lakhs when it is due to enemy action in the course of war.
Indian Airlines also gives war widows a 75% concession in domestic
flights.2
The Indian Railways gives a 75% concession for second tier sleeper class
seats, and if the women are Chakra widows – wives of PVC, MVC, VrC or AC
awardees, they get First or Second AC seats.3 Families are also taken care of
– they are given priority when trying to get a telephone connection; there
are education concessions granted by the Ministry of Defence; professional
colleges have reserved seats, and there is the Army Welfare Fund Corpus.
Educations Scholarships are also given, along with any funds required for
the marriage of daughters of fallen soldiers. In case of a casualty leading to
disability, the Army Central Welfare Fund gives a one-time grant of Rs. 1
1
EX-SERVICEMEN CONTRIBUTORY HEALTH SCHEME, available at:
http://echs.gov.in/
2
Welfare Scheme/ Concessions, SAINIK WELFARE, available at:
http://sainikwelfare.cg.gov.in/PDF/WELFARESCHEMECONCESSIONS.pdf
3
Id.
21
lakh. The Welfare Corpus assists with education, mobility equipment, and
the marriage arrangements of the daughters. Self-employment is also
looked into and taken care of. Disability allowances are given to a certain
number of officers, up to an amount of Rs. 11,760 per month. Any sort of
prosthesis or artificial limb required is also covered. The army also offers
Global Depository Receipts - certificates that represent an ownership
interest in the ordinary shares ofstock of a company.4 There are schemes
such as the coal transportationscheme, the oil product agencies, the army
surplus vehicles, Mother Dairy and other milk shops and CNG Stations that
veterans can buy into. Moving on to Fatal Physical casualties – accidents
that befall soldiers off the battle field; it acts as a method of life insurance
for soldiers. There is a family pension allotted. The army provides the
family with an ex gratia amount of Rs. 10 lakh. They are also provided with
Rs. 1 Lakh from the Army Welfare Fund, as well as Insurance from Rs. 20 to
40 Lakhs, from Army Group Insurance. Finally, each family is given
assistance from the Army Welfare Corpus for the education and marriage
of any female children, as well as, strangely progressively, for the
remarriage of women.
The last rites given to any fallen soldier are assured to be decent and
respectful. The nearest of kin is given a grant of Rs. 5000 for the funeral
costs. The nearest army unit is in charge of organizing it. The Chief of
Army Staff also places a wreath. These are all applicable to ex-servicemen
who have passed away due to old age or natural causes as well. In this way,
even those who have left the service are still looked after and honoured,
once they have donned the uniform of service. The benefits offered by the
Kendriya Sainik board are also immense. The PM's fund offers
ascholarship scheme of Rs. 1500 per month.5 For the sons of
thosewounded in war, accommodations in War Memorial Hostels are
offered. Education grants, marriage grants, and orphan grants are also
offered to the children of all those wounded and killed in service. Dr.
Kochhar reiterated the benefits offered by the Army Welfare Corpus, this
time in the case of physical casualties – Disabled soldiers receive a grant
of Rs. 50,000 for mobility equipment and a grant of Rs. 20,000 for the
modification of bathrooms. The children of those who have sacrificed for
our country are awarded with education scholarships starting at Rs. 1200
going up to Rs. 10,000 from school all the way up to post graduation. The
Army Group Insurance comes into non-fatal physical casualties as well –
insurance is given up to Rs. 40 Lakhs, along with disability benefits and
post-retirement insurance. 6 The ECHS provides all service
employeeswith emergency treatment, anywhere in India, at service and
empanelled hospitals across the country. He concluded with the display
of a number of photos bringing to light many of these schemes and
benefits in action explaining the way they are implemented today.
4
Id.
Id.
6
Id.
5
22
Second Technical Session
Prof. (Dr.) K Chockalingam
Chair Professor in Criminal Law
National Law University, Delhi; and
Former Vice Chancellor
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University
Tamil Nadu
Prof. (Dr.) K. Chockalingam, Chair Professor
in Criminal Law, National Law University,
Delhi; in an informal, impromptu address
that he delivered, started out by stating that
the Father of Victimology to Mr. Benjamin
Mendelsohn, who
coined
the
term
'victimology' in the 1930's, and it is he who
studied and gave shape to the subject. He
went on to say that in the past years he has
been worried about the problems relating to
victims and that the need for victim
assistance groups is felt ubiquitously
amongst all. Dr. Chockalingam also said that
the need for a comprehensive law to assist
victims is important at this juncture.
Comparing India with the West, he said that
the situation in developed countries is much
better. There are proper compensation laws in the USA, the first
compensation law being passed in California in 1965.1 He stated that now all
50 states in USA have proper compensation programmes2 and $25,000 is
what a victim can get on an average if the crime against him/her has serious
affected.3 Dr. Chockalingam further explained as to how they have been
campaigning for financial compensation and the silver lining is that in the
criminal law amendment Act, Sec. 357 (a) CrPC4 has introduced certain
reforms. Victims are eligible and entitled to compensation now. Dr.
Chockalingam praised Dr. Sahni for taking a strong initiative for the victim
assistance network in Haryana and compared it with the vast and efficient
network already present in countries like UK, USA, and Netherlands. He also
said that in India, victim assistance units still lack the expertise to know what
exactly is to be done in a situation of a victim in crisis, and how to provide
psychological assistance. Dr. Chockalingam concluded his address by saying
that people need to understand that more than monetary compensation,
victims need someone to hear them out, and to guide them further.
1
Crime victim compensation was the first type of organized victim assistance in the United
States. The earliest compensation program was created in 1965 in California, and nine states
were operating such programs by 1972, when the earliest programs providing other types of
direct victim assistance were established. See: http://www.nacvcb.org/ index.asp?bid=14
2
Victim Compensation, OFFICE OF JUSTICE PROGRAMS, available at:
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ ovc/publications/factshts/compandassist/fs_000306.html
3
Crime Victim Compensation: AN OVERVIEW, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CRIME
VICTIM COMPENSATION BOARDS, available at: http://www.nacvcb.org/
index.asp?bid=14
4
Vijayan vs. Sadanandan K. [2009] INSC 907
23
Prof. (Dr.) G. S. Bajpai, Professor of
Criminology and Criminal Justice, N
ational Law University, Delhi,
congratulated the unique and much
needed initiative taken by the CVPS in
the field of victim assistance. He further
spoke on the categorization of victims
under three broad fields – victims of a
crime, victims of the abuse of process,
and victims in a highly specialized
stream.
Prof. (Dr.) G. S. Bajpai
Prof. Bajpai stated that what is required
of us is to perceive the needs of the
victim, which arise as a consequence of a
crime. Each need depends not only onthe
circumstances of the victim, but also on the context of the crime. And
victim assistance needs to be tailor made to these needs. The needs may
be diverse, but generally comprises of 5 components – access to justice,
fair treatment, compensation, victim services, and rehabilitation. In
terms of compensation, the term entails not only monetary assistance,
but also interim victim services, the kind available in most developed
countries – consisting of psychological, emotional and medical support.
In short, anything that mitigates the suffering of the victim needs to be
done. Further, there need to be a system of ready, available rehabilitation.
The question that arises is this – to what extent they are effectively being
delivered?
Professor of Criminology and
Criminal Justice
National Law University, Delhi
One could look at effectiveness of delivery through two filters – the first,
by comparing the scenario in India to that of abroad. In the US, victim
assistance is not only highly institutionalized, but also a profession
initself.1 Only the most qualified are allowed to handle survivors of
crime,with utmost care at that. In the UK, 1.5 lakh people are provided
with victim assistance annually.2 In contrast to this, we are still struggling
with facilitating monetary compensation. He implored that we find and
rectify the reasons behind this. He explained that this problem, along with
its solution, was inextricably linked with the emergence of that state. With
the state coming into being, the victim is not an integral part of the
criminal justice system, but is merely a party that is represented by the
state, and acts as a witness for the prosecution.
1
Victim Services Job Descriptions, NATIONAL CENTER FOR STATE COURTS, available
at: http://www.ncsconline.org/D_KIS/jobdeda/Jobs_Victim%20Services.htm
2
Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority, JUSTICE, available at:
http://www.justice.gov.uk/ victims-and-witnesses/cica
24
He posed a problem with the process of prosecution – the absence of the
individual, the lack of the personal, resulting in the neglect of the needs of
the victim. The ideology behind this brings with it a new barrage of
challenges – the needs of the accused must be met too, and the victim is
transformed into a witness for the prosecution. The focus here shifts from
the indignities of assault on the victim herself, to the state's rights being
compromised. The personal concerns of the victim are lost. The statutes
need to be more victims oriented, with a little more room to breathe for
the implementers of the statute – the judiciary. With a little more
discretion in the hands of the judges, each trial may be more oriented
towards the victim, according to Prof. Bajpai.
He said that each judge needed statutory footing – the power to not only
recognize and provide for the rights of the accused, but also for the rights
of the victims. There exists no liability from the police to the victims, their
needs are often neglected.
Prof. Bajpai called upon the society to be sensitized towards the plight of
the survivors of a crime. He cited the case of the rape of a German tourist
in Jodhpur. When the case came into the limelight, the suspect was
apprehended and convicted within 6 to 15 days.3 He asked for the same
empathy towards the victims from our very countrymen. He asked for a
balance of the interests of the victim and the accused – the victim's needs
and wishes must not be lost in the undercurrent, caused by poor
prosecution. He cited the example of the Prof. Sabarwal murder – the
public prosecutor was unable to show the six accused as guilty, and the
additional district court judgement said that the prosecution “miserably
failed”.
The deceased's family decided to appeal, and asked that the case be taken
up by the CBI, and the trial be held in Delhi. They also requested that the
trial be conducted by an independent public prosecutor. This
demonstrates the ways in which the victims – primary and secondary –
may be given a legal recourse for ensuring justice.
3
Suo Moto vs State Of Rajasthan, 2005 (4) WLC 163
25
Mr. Sankar Sen, IPS (Retd.) Senior
Fellow, Institute of Social Sciences, D
elhi, began his address by
highlighting that this subject was of
great importance and that he truly
believed that there was an absolute
need to provide victims with assistance.
Mr. Sen narrated his experience of his
tenure in NHRC and said that it was an
eye opener for him that he got a chance
to witness the first-hand experience of
Mr. Sankar Sen, IPS (Retd.)
the anger and trauma that victims
Senior Fellow
faced. He said that coming from the
Institute of Social Sciences
New Delhi
police background, he is used to
viewing things in a slightly different
andnon-victim oriented manner. As a policeman, his priority focus was
the accused and his job was to make sure that the rights of the accused
weren't infringed, i.e. there was no torture in custody, bail was given on
time, the case reports were written, etc. Mr. Sankar Sen remarked that
Victims are forgotten party in the Criminal Justice System and his
experience shows that the majority of victims are marginalised.
(changed) He said that the victims and the witnesses are the heart of the
criminal justice system and it is absolutely essential to empower them
equally. If the victim feels that nobody cares for his/her suffering, it is
actually so because institutionally no one does.
Mr. Sen gave an example of how, often the name of the case is always
denoted as 'The State vs. The Accused' and that it is evident to all that the
victims are at loss in the entire process. Typically in cases such as those of
rape, the police and the judicial machinery never tend to consult the
victim. The victims, in such cases, simply become the foundation stones,
on which the case is built.
Mr. Sen reflected upon the findings of the Malimath Committee1 and
mentioned how imperative it was to have the victims in the heart of the
system. He said that over the last three and a half decades, emergence of
progressive schools of thought in Germany, UK, Canada and USA, has
seen the focus of attention shift to the victim' aide and become more and
more victim oriented, since it is the victim who really deserves the
attention. Mr. Sen narrated his experience of when he went to Adelaide to
attend a conference on Victimology; he was very impressed with the
provisions and facilities that were available for the guests. He noted that
1
1
Victim Services Job Descriptions, NATIONAL CENTER FOR STATE COURTS, available
at: http://www.ncsconline.org/D_KIS/jobdeda/Jobs_Victim%20Services.htm
26
there was a stark contrast between the setup and the poor condition of the
victims.
Mr. Sankar Sen said that the emergence of the study of Victimology seeks
to study the characteristics of victims, relationship between offenders and
victims, contribution of victims towards crime precipitation and
victimization surveys to provide correct crime statistics. He mentioned
that the United Nations General Assembly's declaration of Basic
Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power was
adopted in November 1985.2 The Declaration recognizes the following
rights of the victims of crime and abuse: Inclusive of psychological,
material, social and medical assistance, need for the Government and the
community to work together. Often even if people take an initiative, they
face a lot of agony, ex: hurdles from police stations, hospitals, etc. There is
a need for groups that will support such victims and guide them.
Mr. Sen ended by stating that Restitution; Compensation and Assistance
are the three main components of Victim Assistance and there is a need
for collectively making an effort to implement such victim assistance and
improve the condition of the victims.
2
Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority, JUSTICE, available at:
http://www.justice.gov.uk/ victims-and-witnesses/cica
27
Ms. Heenu Singh, the Regional Head and
founding member of Childline India,
spoke with focus on the status of child
victims in India, and victim assistance
schemes connected with this problem.
She outlined the features of the services
provided by Childline India. Childline
provides medical assistance, shelter,
protection from abuse, reparation,
counselling, referral services, as well as
information about missing children, chat
Ms. Heenu Singh
calls, and emotional and mental support,
Regional Head and Founding Member
Childline India
and guidance.1 Childline can be accessed
through a toll-free number – 1098, and it
covers 266 districts in India. It is purely a
non- profit organization, with round-the-clock deployment of personnel,
particularly noted for being user-friendly, and ready for action required
in an emergency. The organization aims to reach any victim within 60
minutes of a call.2
Ms. Heenu Singh demonstrated how Childline takes under its wings any
'child victim'. This term encompasses a multitude of classes, with two
parameters to bind them – anyone under 18 and in extreme emergencies,
to young adults up to the age of 25.3 She said that in India, the largest
number of child victims fall in one of the following categories – being
trapped in slavery, bonded labour, or in a trafficking racket, a child who
has been kidnapped, or the one undergoing sexual or emotion abuse. It
was shown how out of the calls Childline received, 12.32% were victims of
abuse, 21.76% were about restoration/repatriation 20.19% were
regarding missing children, 16.70% were about medical problems and
18.12% had shelter issues.4 Childline gets calls from passers-by,
interested parties, and sometimes from even the children themselves. For
the year 2010-11, out of the total calls that were received by the Childline
Service, 63.19% required Intervention. Of all the children who benefited
from the Childline service, 66% were male and 34% female. Most of the
children assisted by the Childline service were from the age group of 11 to
15 years (46%). 71% of the children were between the ages of 6 to 15 years.5
1
1098 Tele Helpline Model, CHILDLINE, available at: http://www.childlineindia.org.in
/1098/b1a-telehelpline.htm
2
1098 – FAQ's, CHILDLINE, available at: http://www.childlineindia.org.in
/1098/faqs.htm
3
Id.
4
Children's Statistics, CHILDLINE, available at: http://www.childlineindia.org.in/
1098/statistics-graphs.htm
5
Id.
28
Ms. Mahalakshi Rajagoapal Counselor
and Executive Member, CVPS, JGLS,
JGU
spoke on
Psychological
Intervention for Victims. Psychology is
science of behaviour. Psychology
studies the thoughts, feelings and
behaviour of individuals. Victims are
individuals who are harmed and are
unable to take charge of their lives as a
result of the harm. The harm may be
natural or man-made. Natural disasters
Ms. Mahalaksmi Rajagopal
such as earthquakes, floods, torrential
Counselor and Executive Member, CVPS
rains, famine etc. give rise to a huge
Jindal Global Law School
O.P. Jindal Global University
community of victims who require
various types of assistance such as
housing medical aid, vocation etc. Man-made disasters such as bomb
blasts, terrorist attacks result in a flood of victims who are physically and
emotionally injured and require a lot of time for healing to occur. Besides
these, crimes of various kinds such as rape and abuse also give rise to
victims.
Generally, victims are in need of a variety of services which include legal,
psychological, sociological and economical support to ensure their
holistic rehabilitation . While many a time they are provided legal support,
the psychological support and sociological support are often neglected.
The need for psychological support is of extreme importance as the trauma
endured by the victim in all cases has a long lasting effect on his/ her
psyche. The experience of victimization causes the victim to experience
varied emotions ranging from fear, anger, disgust, self-pity, self-hatred,
helplessness, guilt, shame and what not. The baggage of the overflowing
negative emotions has a negative result on his / her behaviour and
interpersonal relationship. Many a time, it hampers his/ her daily
functioning. It also greatly affects his/ her attitude towards life and people
and thus affects his/ her decision making skills. Many victims end up with
untreated psychiatric illnesses as a result of the mental trauma.
Firstly, awareness regarding the need for mental health support for
victims is to be developed in the society. Secondly, the victims themselves
need to be educated regarding the need for psychological assistance which
plays a very crucial role in helping them to get devictimized and get back to
normal life. Thirdly , awareness regarding the rehabilitation of the
perpetrator beyond legal punishment is to be advocated and
methodologies devised to work the same through. Focus requires to be
channelized towards successful rehabilitation of perpetrators , especially
those who are perpetrators as a result of having been a victim in the past . It
29
is extremely important that the psychology of the victim is first understood
and then he/ she helped to overcome the trauma so that he/ she may pick
Inaugural
Session
up the threads
of life once
again. The same may be achieved through
various therapeutic techniques, group therapies and on-field
interventions as appropriate to the victim. They also require help to
identify and practise self-responsibility . Many a time, they also go through
a severe neurotic state due to self-blame. The interventions, to be
successful have to be provided holistically, simultaneously working on the
social inclusion of the victim, who is badly affected due to societal attitude.
The interventions, besides catering to individual mental rehabilitation,
also need to cater to familial stability which often gets imbalanced due to
the trauma. The following case study explains how the victim chose to
overcome her trauma and help herself.
This couple belonged to the same profession, fell in love and married in
spite of family opposition. Verbal and physical abuse commenced over
financial issues and differences in opinions on the same and abuse seemed
to be the solution for any argument or dissonance. He displayed an
extremely sweet demeanor at work as a result of which she was unable to
receive any support or help from office colleagues. She sought professional
help of a mental health professional after 10 years of marriage . She had to
learn to stop self pitying, nagging and most importantly, learn to say “No”.
With sessions, she became assertive enough to tell him that he could not
touch her. This shocked him and he immediately stopped physical abuse.
His verbal abuse reduced to minimal only after he underwent sessions
himself through which he discovered that he was a very rigid personality
unable to accept any kind of defeat and that he was displaying his anger
due to his failures towards his wife. This woman did not want to quit the
marriage as the same had been against her family's wishes and she did not
wish to prove them right. It was this determination that pushed her to
continue in the relationship. The equation did tilt towards positivity
although their respective innate qualities such as her nagging and his
rigidity did cause some troubles on and off. The children however began to
experience a calmer atmosphere at home.
This case study reflects the truthful scenario of victims in general
–difficult to seek help; difficult to verbalise their abuses because of the
type of abuse; difficulty in understanding that they are victims and finally
inability to get healed wholly due to various socio-psychological factors. At
the same time, this case study also gives hope to victims that their
condition can certainly improve from bad to good with the help of
appropriate psychological intervention. This case study also explains how
many a time perpetrators too require psychological intervention which
will help them to change their role of perpetrator. This realization helps to
heal him as well as the family. Society at large requires to change its focus
towards the psychological intervention of victims and perpetrators in
order to bring about a huge facelift in the scenario of victim assistance.
30
Ms. Garima Jain, a Research Fellow at
Jindal Global Law School, working with
the CVPS, also made a presentation titled
'The Death Unsung – Female Feticide in
India'. She brought out the harsh reality –
that an estimated 2000 unborn female
babies are abortedevery day in India.1
The sole reasonbehind it is that boys are
seen as assets and girls as liabilities.2 She
brought out a stark contrast, between a
steep rises in the per capita income of our
Ms. Garima Jain
country, along with a similarly steep fall
Research Fellow and Member, CVPS
in the number of females per 1000 males.
Jindal Global Law School
O. P. Jindal Global University
Sheput forth the question of whether this
really counts as a holistic growth,
clarifying the difference between economic growth and economic
development. Her statistics were also startling – so called “backward”
states, like Meghalaya, have a sex ratio of 974 females per 1000 males
while the same ratio is far lower in Delhi and Mumbai – the “enlightened”
metros – being in the 800 range.3
The government has taken some steps to battle this prevalent social evil,
and Ms. Garima Jain quoted these steps, which mostly boiled down to
about 15 conditional cash transfer schemes.4 However, there are certain
pitfalls with this as well – the cash transfer happens when the girl child
reaches 18. This is often seen as the government sanctioning dowry, as
dowry is the main fear parents have when they realize they are about to
deliver a girl child. Also, these schemes being in the form of cash, they are
targeted for families below the poverty line. However, female feticide in
India is prevalent in every strata of society. And this scheme does nothing
to deter the upper class members. On the optimistic side, she showed us a
case study of Nawanshahr in Punjab, where public meetings, street plays,
seminars for doctors and midwives, and other such awareness programs
have been instrumental in increasing the sex ratio by a whole 71 points.5
She concluded by beseeching the audience to value every life – be it a boy
child or a girl.
1
Vipul Maheshwari, Unwanted girl Child and Bonded Labor, in HUMAN RIGHTS YEAR BOOK
146-150 (2010).
2
Ashish Bose, Fighting Female feticide: Growing Greed and Shrinking Child Sex Ratio,
ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL WEEKLY (2001).
3
Sex Composition of the Population, CENSUS OF INDIA (2001).
4
Farah Naqvi & A.K. Shiva Kumar, India and the sex selection conundrum, THE HINDU, January
24, 2012.
5
Malkit Kaur, Missing Daughters: Socio Economic and Cultural Dynamic of Adverse Sex Ratio in
Punjab, in ANOTHER SIDE OF INDIA: GENDER, CULTURE AND DEVELOPMENT 83-98
(2008).
31
Student Presenters
Ms. Avaantika Chawla
&
JGLS, JGU Student
Ms. Niharika Malhotra
JGLS, JGU Student
They started by saying "When we were asked to present on the topic of
victim assistance, we wanted to create a picture in the minds of people of
how victimization takes place and as a victim assistant, what steps they
can take to bring back the victim's status quo. Therefore, to create that
kind of atmosphere, we had amalgamated scenes from movies like
Provoked, Taken, Corporate, Udaan and show how the protagonist went
through victimization."
After screening scenes from these movies, they asked various people
sitting to tell how they could have assisted the victim as a victim assistant.
They were delighted to see that many people had various views as to how a
victim of domestic violence and corporate world could be assisted and
brought back to original selves. This way they tried creating an awareness
about victimization and how each one of us could actively take part in
victim assistance programmes.
32
Mr. Ratul Sen
&
JGLS, JGU Student
Mr. Akash Jindal
JGLS, JGU Student
Mr. Ratul and Mr. Akash started off by presenting the ordinances with a
number of facts. According to the latest crime statistics released by
National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) on 3 July 2012, rape with 24206
cases in 2011, emerged as the biggest crime in India.1 Madhya Pradesh
with 3406 rapes got the maximum number of rape cases registered in the
country followed by West Bengal which recorded 2363 rape cases in year
2011. Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan came next with 2042 and 1800 rape
cases respectively.2
Statistics tell just half the story. The other half begins after the crime has
been registered. The heart breaking ordeal of a rape victim needs to be
attended to – changes in legislation being only the first step. Legislative
changes are not the silver line that will solve all our problems. A parallel
system of victim assistance should also be developed in this regard and
that is what the CVPS hopes to do. The condition of victims in India is
generally poor but that of rape victims is even worse.
The archaic processes that still exist - like outdated ways of conducting
medical examination and inefficient police investigation, in addition to
society ostracizing the victims, add to their misery. There is a need for
wholesome changes to all these anomalies which is a mere hangover of the
colonial times. In the justice delivery mechanism the victim should be in
the focus and all their emotional needs should be taken care of. Only then
will we be able to provide adequate protection and justice to the rape
victims in India and in the process fulfil our constitutional ideals.
1
2
National Crimes Records Bureau, available at: http://ncrb.nic.in/
Id.
33
Ms. Chandni Vishnoi
JGLS, JGU Student
Ms. Chandni Vishnoi, a second year student, gave us insight into the
rights of victims in the criminal justice system. She started with the issue
of victims acting only as a witness for the prosecution. The right of the
victim to speak is as such limited, and the victim is also put on the stand
for cross-examination.
This rule was apparently designed to prevent the courtroom from being
emotionally affected by the victim's testimony. This led to the topic of the
right to being heard. This involves the participation of the victim in a way
that facilitates his or her proactive input. This comes into play especially
at the sentencing stage – acknowledgement is made as to the personal
nature of the crime and harm suffered. As Ms. Chandni said, “Assistance
to victims of crime is of great significance because victims have suffered
irreparable damages and harm as a result of crime. The problems of crime
victims and the impact of crime on them is varied and complex.”
She made a distinction between the right to restitution and the right to
receive compensation. In the former, the victim is restored to the position
she was in before the harm caused by the defendant. This occurs most
commonly in the form of monetary damages – real or punitive, but may
also refer to the return of property stolen or damaged in the course of the
crime. Compensation, however, is a blanket term that includes restitution
in the Indian discourse. It is, idealistically, a governmental program
designed to reimburse victims of violent crimes. It can be awarded even if
there is no conviction, and affected family members are also eligible.
She also touched upon the victim's right to information, and the right to a
speedy trial. She concluded with reiterating the chief aim of the Centre for
Victimology and Psychological Studies - to ensure proper assistance to
the victims so that their rights are restored.
34
Recommendations
The Centre for Victimology and Psychological Studies conducted First
Sensitization Workshop on the 'Status of Victim Assistance Program in
India', which saw the attendance of eminent keynote speakers and
academicians from all across India. In their respective addresses, they
touched upon a variety of concerns on the status of Victim Assistance in
India.
Mentioned below is a comprehensive compilation of the extensive
suggestions and recommendations that were put forward by the speakers,
during the course of their presentations.
Ÿ Victim Assistance should be made an integral part of every school of
learning. It needs to be incorporated in order to make the students all
the more aware of their responsibility as citizens of the country.
Ÿ This is one topic that not only affects the students of Law School but
transcends to the other schools as well.
Ÿ Proper awareness would thereby help in inculcating values of
responsibility towards those who are less fortunate, and further
sensitise people to the issues that cater to the plight of the victims.
Ÿ We have a duty to work towards establishing a network that would
enable everyone, regardless of where they live, to reach out and get
help. This should be done in a systematic fashion, by first making
Haryana as the base and later extending it to the entire country, and by
doing so, infiltrating even those areas which have been suffering from
neglect for the past many years.
Ÿ Provide a platform through which the large numbers of faceless
victims who have been exploited by the system can express themselves
in order to get justice. By doing so, it will also help further understand
and know about the pitfalls of the system.
Ÿ Spread awareness about the fact that the system is not victim oriented
Often the pathetic status of victims in India arises from the fact that
there are no efficient victim assistance programmes, a result of which,
there is marginalisation and mistreatment of victims.
Ÿ By creating and establishing assistance and rehabilitation
programmes, the requirements of the victims that arise as a
consequence of the crime, would be catered to.
Ÿ It can be ensured that the wronged no longer feel disempowered and
neglected by the system. For example, the NGO Childline has various
provisions, such as 24-hour assistance, medical assistance, shelter,
protection from abuse, reparation, counselling, in order to help the
35
victims, and in this manner serve as a model for many, as to how an
agency can efficiently provide people with the “full service” that they
require.
Ÿ One must address the discrepancies that exist in the structure of the
government regarding this arena, and employ resources to work
towards them.
Ÿ More attention should be paid to glaring questions such as why the
role of the victim is limited to being nothing more than a witness for
the prosecution.
Ÿ Bridging the gulf that exists in the treatment that is meted out to
victims belonging to the higher classes, as compared to those from the
lower classes.
Ÿ It is also crucial that there is coherence between the systems and that
one realises the fact that how it is not about the functionality of victims
as an individual unit but more as a collective.
Ÿ
It is seen that in most of the fields (including that of academia), the
focus lies more on the offender, than on the victim. This in turn creates
a void in the discourse and understanding of victims. Most of the
times, they are not even aware of the rights that they have. Thus in
order to truly help them, comprehensive research need to be carried
out.
Ÿ These studies will be able to throw light on the problems they face and
where exactly are we falling short, in providing them with what they
need.
Finally, we require more crisis intervention centres to collaborate along
with the police so that timely support is available in situations of
emergency. As most of these people come from the most helpless strata of
the society, they are often at a loss to understand as to whom to approach
if they require assistance. Therefore it is the prerogative of the society to
provide continuous support to the victims so that it helps them empower,
propel and integrate back as a 'normal' person into society.
36
tim
gy & Psyc
olo
ho
l
og
ical
Studies
Centre for Vic
Annexure – I : Workshop Brochure
C V P S
O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana
Sensitization Workshop on
Status of Victim Assistance Programme in India
Organized by
Centre for Victimology &
Psychological Studies
Date:
Friday, 21st September, 2012
Time:
10:00 am – 2:00 pm
Venue:
T1, Global Auditorium, O. P. Jindal Global University
Sonipat, Haryana-131001, India
37
38
39
RSVP: Mrs. Mahalakshmi Rajagopal, 8930110704; mrajagopal@jgu.edu.in
40
Annexure II : Faculty Members and Research Associates
at Jindal Global Law School
REHAN ABEYRATNE
B.A. (Brown), J.D. (Harvard)
Assistant Professor
ANJANA HAZARIKA
B.A. ( Cotton College, Gauhati University)
M.A.( JNU), M.Phil.( JNU), Ph.D. ( Tata
Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai)
Assistant Professor
ELIZABETH ANN GRIFFIN
B.A. (University of London)
LL.M. (University of Essex)
Professor
PRASHANT IYENGAR
LL.M. (Columbia), B.A.B.L. (Hons.) (NALSAR)
Assistant Professor
ARPAN BANERJEE
B.A.LL.B. (Hons.) (NUJS-Kolkata)
LL.M. (King's College-London)
Assistant Professor
DIPIKA JAIN
LL.B. (Delhi), LL.M. (Dalhousie)
LL.M. (Harvard)
Assistant Professor &
Assistant Dean (Student Initiatives)
ANUJ BHUWANIA
B.A., LL.B.(Hons.) (NLS-B'lore)
LL.M. (London), M.A., M.Phil. (Columbia)
Assistant Professor
MATHEW JOHN
B.A.LL.B. (Hons). (NLSIU)
LL.M. (Univ. of Warwick), Ph.D. (LSE)
Assistant Professor
AMIT BINDAL
LL.B. (Delhi), LL.M. (ILI)
Assistant Professor
VIVEK KANWAR
B.A. (Hons.) (New College, USA), J.D.
(Northeastern, USA), LL.M. (NYU, USA)
Assistant Professor
NUPUR CHOWDHURY
B.A., LL.B. (University of Delhi)
LL.M. (University of Amsterdam)
Ph.D. Candidate (University of Twente-The
Netherlands)
Assistant Professor
RATNA KAPUR
B.A., M.A., (Cambridge), LL.M. (Harvard)
Professor
SAMEENA DALWAI
B.A., LL.B. (University of Mumbai)
LL.M. (University of Warwick)
Ph.D. Candidate (Keele University, U.K)
Assistant Professor
VIKAS KATHURIA
B.A., LL.B. (Delhi), LL.M. (London School of
Economics and Political Science)
Assistant Professor
SACHIN DHAWAN
B.A. (Amherst College, USA)
J.D. (Wisconsin, USA)
Assistant Professor
PALLAVI KISHORE
B.Com. (Hons.), LL.B. (Delhi), LL.M., DEA.
Ph.D. (Universite de Droit, d'Economie et des
Sciences d'Aix-Marseille III
Aix-en-Provence, France)
Assistant Professor
M. GANDHI
B.L., M.L., Ph.D. (University of Madras)
Professor
INDRANATH GUPTA
LL.B. (Calcutta), LL.M. (University of East
Anglia-UK), LL.M. (University of Aberdeen),
Ph.D. Candidate (Brunel University, London)
Assistant Professor
C. RAJ KUMAR
LL.B. (Delhi), B.C.L. (Oxford), LL.M.
(Harvard), S.J.D (Hong Kong)
Professor & Vice Chancellor, O.P. Jindal
Global University and
Dean, Jindal Global Law School
SUBRAJYOTI GUPTA
B.A., LL.B. (NUJS, Kolkata), LL.M. (National
University of Singapore)
Assistant Professor
CHARLES D. MADDOX
B.A. (Marlboro College, USA)
J.D. (Maine, USA), LL.M. (NLS-B'lore)
Assistant Professor
41
SEVERYNA MAGILL
B.A. (Keele University-UK)
M.A. (SOAS-London)
Assistant Professor
SHILADITYA RAKSHIT
B.S.L., LL.B. (ILS-Pune)
LL.M. (University of Durham-UK)
Assistant Professor
UPASANA MAHANTA
B.A. (Hons.) (Delhi), M.A. (Delhi)
M.Phil. (JNU), Ph.D. (JNU)
Assistant Professor
RASHMI RAMAN
B.A., LL.B. (Hons.) (NUJS-Kolkata)
LL.M. (NYU & NUS)
Assistant Professor
PADMANABHA RAMANUJAM
B.A.L., LL.B., M.B.L. (Bangalore)
LL.M. (London)
Ph.D. Candidate (Asia Link Fellow)
Assistant Professor &
Assistant Dean (Academic)
Y.S.R. MURTHY
M.Sc. (Stat.), M.A. (Human Rights) [London],
Ph.D. Candidate (Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar
Law University, Chennai)
Professor & Registrar, O.P. Jindal Global
University
BRAJESH RANJAN
B.S.L., LL.B. (Symbiosis-Pune)
LL.M. (Columbia)
Assistant Professor
KEERTY NAKRAY
B.A., M.A. (University of Mumbai)
M.Phil. (IIT-Mumbai), Ph.D. (Queen's
University-Belfast)
Assistant Professor
WEATHERLY A. SCHWAB
B.A. (Cornell), J.D. (Harvard)
Assistant Professor
NIKHIL NARAYAN
B.A. (University of California-Berkeley)
J.D. (Columbia)
Assistant Professor
SARBANI SEN
LL.B. (University of Delhi), LL.M. (London
School of Economics and Political Science)
LL.M., J.S.D. (Yale)
Associate Professor
JAMES J. NEDUMPARA
LL.B. (MGU), LL.M. (Cambridge)
LL.M. (NYU), LL.M. (NUS)
Ph.D. Candidate (NLS-B'lore)
Assistant Professor & Assistant Dean (Projects
and Institutional Development
ANAMIKA SRIVASTAVA
B.A. (Lucknow), M.A., M.Phil. (JNU)
Assistant Professor
AJAY KUMAR PANDEY
LL.B. (Lucknow, India), LL.M. (Vanderbilt,
USA), M.Phil. (JNU, India)
Associate Professor
SHIVPRASAD SWAMINATHAN
B.S.L., LL.B. (ILS-Pune), B.C.L. (Oxford)
D.Phil. (Oxford)
Assistant Professor
DABIRU SRIDHAR PATNAIK
B.A.LL.B (Andhra University)
M.Phil. (JNU), PGDA (Turin)
Associate Professor
SUBRAMANYA SIRISH TAMVADA
B.A., LL.B. (MDU), M.A. (University of Vienna
and University of Leipzig)
LL.M. (American University)
Assistant Professor
VAIJI RAGHUNATHAN
B.Com., B.L. (University of Madras)
LL.M. (Northwestern University)
Assistant Professor
NEHA TAYSHETE
BCL (Oxford), LL.B. (Mumbai)
BLS (Mumbai)
Assistant Professor
ANISA RAHIM
B.A. (University of Chicago)
J.D. (Temple University)
Assistant Professor
SUNITA TRIPATHY
B.S.L., LL.B. (Symbiosis-Pune), LL.M.
(NALSAR, University of Western Ontario)
Assistant Professor
42
KALYANI UNKULE
B.A. (Pune), M.A. (Delhi), M.A. (Leipzig)M.Sc.
(London School of Economics and Political
Science)
Assistant Professor & Assistan Dean
(Research and International Collaboration)
VIBHA HETU
M.A., L.N.J.N (Delhi)
Ph.D. (GGSIU, Delhi)
Senior Research Associate
AJEY SANGAI
B.A., LL.B.(Hons.) (NALSARHyderabad)LL.M.(NYU)
Research Associate
ASHWINI VASANTHAKUMAR
A.B. (Harvard), M.A. (University of Toronto),
J.D. (Yale), M.Sc. (Oxford)
D.Phil. (Oxford)
Assistant Professor
ROHINI SEN
B.Sc., LL.B. (Hons.) (GNLU)
LL.M. (University of Leeds)
Research Associate
LATIKA VASHIST
B.A., LL.B. (Delhi), LL.M. (I.L.I.)
Assistant Professor
RICHA SAXENA
B.A., LL.B. (Hons.) (NLIU)
LL.M. (London School of Economics)
Senior Research Associate
RIMALI BATRA
B.S.L., LL.B., (ILS-Pune), B.C.L. (Oxford)
Research Associate
SUSHANT CHANDRA
B.A., LL.B.(NLU-Gujarat), B.C.L.(Oxford)
Research Associate
ANAND PRAKASH MISHRA
LL.B. (Delhi) LL.M. (Delhi)
Programme Associate
RADHIKA GUPTA
B.A., LL.B. (NALSAR-Hyderabad)
LL.M. (Harvard)
Research Associate
DR. JAGDISH BATRA
M.A. (Panjab) Ph.D. (Kurukshetra)
B.Ed. (Kurukshetra)
English Language Centre
43
Annexure III : All Schools Under the University
O.P. Jindal Global University (JGU) is a non-profit global
university established by the Haryana Private Universities
(Second Amendment) Act, 2009. JGU is established in
memory of Mr. O.P. Jindal as a philanthropic initiative of
Mr. Naveen Jindal, the Founding Chancellor. The
University Grants Commission has accorded its recognition
www.jgu.edu.in
to O.P. Jindal Global University. The vision of JGU is to
promote global courses, global programmes, global curriculum,
global research, global collaborations, and global interaction through a global
faculty. JGU is situated on a 70-acre state of the art residential campus in the
National Capital Region of Delhi. JGU is one of the few universities in Asia that
maintains a 1:15 faculty-student ratio and appoints faculty members from
different parts of the world with outstanding academic qualifications and
experience. JGU has established four schools: Jindal Global Law School, Jindal
Global Business School, Jindal School of International Affairs and Jindal School
of Government and Public Policy.
In 2009, JGU began its first academic session with the establishment
of India's first global law school, Jindal Global Law School (JGLS).
JGLS is recognised by the Bar Council of India and offers a threeyear LL.B. programme, a five-year B.A. LL.B. (Hons.) programme
and an LL.M. programme. JGLS has research interests in a variety
of key policy areas, including: Global Corporate and Financial Law
www.jgls.edu.in
and Policy; Women, Law, and Social Change; Penology, Criminal
Justice and Police Studies; Human Rights Studies; International Trade
and Economic Laws; Global Governance and Policy; Health Law, Ethics, and
Technology; Intellectual Property Rights Studies; Public Law and Jurisprudence;
Environment and Climate Change Studies; South Asian Legal Studies, International
Legal Studies, Psychology and Victimology Studies and Clinical Legal Programmes.
JGLS has established international collaborations with law schools around the world,
including Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Michigan, Cornell, UC Berkeley, UC Davis, Arizona,
Cambridge and Indiana. JGLS has also signed MoU with a number of reputed law firms in
India and abroad, including White & Case, Amarchand & Mangaldas & Suresh A. Shroff &
Co., AZB & Partners, FoxMandal Little, Luthra and Luthra Law offices, Khaitan & Co. and
Nishith Desai Associates.
44
Jindal Global Business School (JGBS) began its first
academic session with an MBA programme in 2010.
The vision of JGBS is to impart global business
education to uniquely equip students, managers and
www.jgbs.edu.in
professionals with the necessary knowledge, acumen and
skills to effectively tackle challenges faced by transnational business and industry. JGBS
offers a multi-disciplinary global business education to foster academic excellence,
industry partnerships and global collaborations. JGBS faculty are engaged in research on
current issues including: Applied Finance; Corporate Governance & Applied Ethics;
Digital Media & Communications; Emerging Economies & Markets; Family Business &
Wealth Creation; Social Entrepreneurship, Supply Chain & Logistics Management;
Infrastructure, Energy & Green Technologies; Innovative Leadership & Change; and
New Consumer Trends Studies. JGBS has established international collaborations with
the Naveen Jindal School of Management, University of Texas at Dallas, Kelley School of
Business, and Carleton University.
Jindal School of International Affairs (JSIA), India's first Global
Policy School, is enhancing Indian and international
capacities to analyse and solve world problems. It intends to
strengthen India's intellectual base in international relations
and affiliated social science disciplines that have hitherto
been largely neglected by Indian academic institutions. JSIA
www.jsia.edu.in
commenced its academic session in August 2011 with a Master of
Arts in Diplomacy, Law and Business [M.A. (DLB)]. The programme is
the first of its kind in Asia, drawing upon the resources of global faculty in Jindal Global
Law School, Jindal Global Business School, as well as the Jindal School of International
Affairs to create a unique interdisciplinary pedagogy. The [M.A. (DLB)] is delivered on
week days to residential students and on weekends for working professionals, including
diplomats, based in the National Capital Region (NCR) of Delhi. JSIA has established
international collaborations with the United Nations University in Tokyo and the School
of Public and Environmental Affairs (SPEA) of Indiana University. JSIA hosts India's only
Taiwan Education Centre, which has been established by National Tsing Hua University
of Taiwan with the backing of the Ministry of Education, Government of Taiwan. JSIA
publishes the Jindal Journal of International Affairs (JJIA), a critically acclaimed biannual academic journal featuring writings of Indian and international scholars and
practitioners on contemporary world affairs.
45
Jindal School of Government and Public Policy (JSGP)
promotes public policy research that facilitates better
understanding of issues related to governance and public
policy. The programmes at JSGP bear in mind the
contribution that the faculty and the students of the school
can make towards meeting the challenges of governance with
a view to improving its efficiency drawing upon comparative
www.jsgp.edu.in
and international perspectives in public policy. MA in Public
Policy is an interdisciplinary degree programme that teaches the
students to delve into the contemporary issues in a coherent and holistic manner, to see
the linkages among various aspects of public policy and governance. JSGP has developed
academic and research collaborations with the School of Public and Environmental
Affairs (SPEA) of Indiana University, USA and the National Institute of Administrative
Research (NIAR), LBS National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie.
The Jindal Institute of Leadership Development and Executive
Education (JILDEE) seeks to draw upon the best of the
intellectual resources available at the JGU in collaboration
with its international academic partners with a view to
www.jgu.edu.in/jildee
promoting leadership development at the highest levels of
decision-making within corporations, government agencies, intergovernmental organizations, public sector organizations, NGOs, regulatory bodies and
other institutions. JILDEE aims at training and equipping the leaders of today and
tomorrow who lead their organizations, the nation, and society for a better future by
imparting leadership development, executive education, and knowledge creation and
build upon a multi-disciplinary approach and innovative thinking so as to prepare leaders
to take critical strategic decisions in an ethical and socially responsible environment.
JILDEE
JINDAL INSTITUTE OF LEADERSHIP
DEVELOPMENT AND EXECUTIVE EDUCATION
46
Annexure IV : Governing Body, Board of Management &
Academic Council, JGU
Governing Body
Chairman
Mr. Naveen Jindal, Chancellor, O.P. Jindal Global University
Members
Professor C. Raj Kumar, Vice Chancellor, O.P. Jindal Global University
Mr. Anand Goel, Joint Managing Director, Jindal Steel & Power Limited
Dr. Sanjeev P. Sahni, Professor, Jindal Global Business School
Dr. A. Francis Julian, Senior Advocate, Supreme Court of India
Professor D.K. Srivastava, Former Pro Vice Chancellor (Academic), O. P. Jindal Global University
Professor Jane E. Schukoske, CEO, Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Professor Peter H. Schuck, Yale University
Professor Stephen P. Marks, Harvard University
Mr. S.S. Prasad, IAS, Secretary to Government of Haryana Education Department (Ex officio)
Professor Y.S.R. Murthy, Registrar, O.P. Jindal Global University
Board of Management
Chairman
Professor C. Raj Kumar, Vice Chancellor, O.P. Jindal Global University
Members
Mr. S.S. Prasad, IAS, Secretary to Government of Haryana Education Department (Ex officio)
Dr. Sanjeev P. Sahni, Professor, Jindal Global Business School
Dr. A. Francis Julian, Senior Advocate, Supreme Court of India
Professor Y.S.R. Murthy, Registrar, O.P. Jindal Global University
Professor Parmanand Singh, Former Dean, Faculty of Law, University of Delhi
Dr. R.K. Raghavan, Consulting Advisor (Cyber Security), Tata Consultancy Services Ltd.
Professor R. Sudarshan, Dean, Jindal School of Government and Public Policy
Professor Dayanand Pandey, Vice Dean, Jindal Global Business School
Professor Sreeram Sundar Chaulia, Dean, Jindal School of International Affairs
Professor Padmanabha Ramanujam, Assistant Professor and Assistant Dean (Academic), Jindal Global Law School
Dr. Shounak Roy Chowdhury, Assistant Professor and Assistant Dean (Academic), Jindal Global Business School
Academic Council
Chairman
Professor C. Raj Kumar, Vice Chancellor, O.P. Jindal Global University
Members
Dr. Sanjeev P. Sahni, Professor, Jindal Global Business School
Dr. A. Francis Julian, Senior Advocate, Supreme Court of India
Professor N.R. Madhava Menon, Former Member, Centre State Relations Committee
Mr. D.R. Kaarthikeyan, Former Director, Central Bureau of Investigation
Professor Padmanabha Ramanujam, Assistant Professor and Assistant Dean (Academic), Jindal Global Law School
Mr. Buddhi Prakash Chauhan, Director, Global Library, O.P. Jindal Global University
Professor Y.S.R. Murthy, Registrar, O.P. Jindal Global University
Professor R. Sudarshan, Dean, Jindal School of Government and Public Policy
Professor Dayanand Pandey, Vice Dean, Jindal Global Business School
Mr. Aseem Prakash, Assistant Professor and Assistant Dean (Research and International Collaboration),
Jindal School of Government and Public Policy
Dr. Shounak Roy Chowdhury, Assistant Professor and Assistant Dean (Academic), Jindal Global Business School
Professor Sreeram Sundar Chaulia, Dean, Jindal School of International Affairs
Professor Mohsin Raza Khan, Assistant Professor and Assistant Dean (Student Initiative),
Jindal School of International Affairs
Mr. Manoj Vajpayee, Controller of Examinations
47
ical
Studies
Centre for Vic
gy & Psyc
olo
ho
l
og
tim
C V P S
Sensitization Workshop on
Status of Victim
Assistance Programme in India
Centre for Victimology and
Psychological Studies
O.P. Jindal Global University
Sonipat Narela Road, Near Jagdishpur Village, Sonipat,
Haryana-131001, NCR of Delhi, India
Tel: +91-130-3057801 / 802 / 804 / 805; Fax: +91-130-3057803 / 888
Email: info@jgu.edu.in; Website: www.jgu.edu.in