ISSN 1232-9630
ZAGADNIENIA BIOFIZYKI WSPÓŁCZESNEJ
Abstracts of the EQBS – International Symposium
Electromagnetic fields and Quantum phenomena
in the Biological Systems,
Poznan, 3-4 October, 2013
2013, vol. 36 (suppl B)
POLSKIE TOWARZYSTWO BIOFIZYCZNE
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Current Topics in Biophysics (Zagadnienia Biofizyki Współczesnej) vol. 36 (suppl B), 2013
CONTENTS
[1 – 3] – Title pages
[4] – Author index
[5 – 18] – Plenary lectures
[1] – DISCUSSION OF NANOSCALE FRICTION – LUBRICATION EFFECTS ON MODEL
ARTICULATING SYSTEMS
P. Bełdowski, A. Gadomski, I. Wilczyńska , W. K. Augé II
[2] – THE TERAHERTZ ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION FEATURES OF CONVERSION
INTO OTHER TYPES OF ENERGY
Yu. P. Chukova
[3] – EMERGENCE OF SELFORGANIZATION IN AQUEOUS SYSTEMS AND LIVING
MATTER
E. del Giudice
[4] – BIOLOGY O THE THRESHOLD OF A QUANTUM REVOLUTION
P. Davies, L. Demetrius, J. Tuszyński
[5] – BIOLOGGICAL COHERENCE AS A BASIC CONDITION FOR COGNITION AND
INTELIGENT BEHAVIOR
I. Jerman, M. Plankar, S. Brežan
[6] – COCHLEAR IMPLANTS IN ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
M. Kordus
[7] – DOUBTER'S GUIDE TO THE BIOELECTROMAGNETISM
O. Kučera, D. Havelka, M. Cifra
[8] – THEORETICAL STUDIES ON THE INTERACTIONS OF CYTOSTATIC PYRAZOLE
DERIVATIVE WITH DNA BASES
J. Kujawski, M. Doskocz, B. Drabińska, A. Myka, J. Kruk, M. K. Bernard
[9] – APPLIED QUANTUM PHYSICS: PATHOLOGICAL BIOCHEMICAL PATWAYS
CURED BY HIGH HOMEOPATHIC POTENCIES OF THEIR SUBSTRATES, INHIBITORS,
AND ENZYMES
K. Lenger
[10] – INFLUENCE OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BLOOD
A. Marcinkowska – Gapińska
[11] – THE MATHEMATIC OF BIOLOGICALLY EFFECTIVE EMFs: ARE MAXWELL’S,
SCHRÖDINGER’S AND PAULI’S FORMALISMS COMPATIBILE AND COMPLETE?
W. H. Medinger
[12] – MORA-kHz RESONANCE DIAGNOSTICS USED FOR THE MEASURMENT OF THE
NEED FOR HOMEOPATHIC DRUGS
K. P. Michalak
[13] – FRACTALITY&NONLOCALITY
M. Molski
[14] – FRACTALS&ART
M. Molski, B. Czapiewska-Oleksa, J. Molski
[15] – IN SEARCH OF FACTORS INFLUENCING PROTEIN HANDEDNESS
I. Mróz
[16] – ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND WATER: THE POTENTIAL FOR NONLOCALITY
N. J. Murugan, L. M. Karbowski, M. A. Persinger
[17] – POSTULATED PHYSICAL LINKS IN CANCER TRANSFORMATION
J. Pokorny
[18] – NONLINEAR OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH A PROTEIN COMPLEX
D. V. G. L. N. Rao, Ch. Yelleswarapu
[19] – A QUANTUM MECHANICAL INVESTIGATION OF TRAPPING OF IONS IN THE
SELECTIVITY FILTERS OF KcsA ION CHANNELS
V. Salari, M. Sajjadi
[20] – NONLINEAR IONIC PULSE ALONG CYTOSKEKETAL MICROTUBULS
M. V. Satarić
[21] – THE INFLUENCE OF UV – IRRADIATION WITH THE WAVELENGTH 254 nm ON
HUMAN HAIR
A. Sionkowska, B. Kaczmarek
[22] – A MODEL FOR INTEGRATIVE BIOPHYSICAL MEDICINE – IN PRACTICE,
RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
G. G. Sullivan
[19 – 28] – Posters
[1] – CORTICAL OSCILLATION RELATED TO BINOCULAR VISION
M. Czaińska, A. Przekoracka-Krawczyk, R. Van der Lubbe
[2] TDDFT COMPUTATIONS OF THE ELECTRONIC SPECTRA OF BENZODIFURAN
DERIVATIVES IN SOLVENTS
D. Kędziera, P. Czachorowski, M. J. Bosiak
[3] – POWER SPECTRA CALCULATED BY MEANS OF FOURIER TRANSFORM,
WAVELET TRANSFORM AND AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL
IN ANALYSIS OF ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC SIGNALS
A. Kitlas Golińska
[4] – DEACTIVVATING MYOFASCIAL TRIGGER POINTS APPLYING STATIC
MAGNETIC FIELD
J. Jutrzenka – Jesion, D. Hojan – Jezierska, M. Chochowska
[5] – EFFECTS OF MAGNETOSTIMULATION ON HEMOREOLOGICAL PROPERTIES IN
PATIENTS WITH BACKPAIN
A. Marcinkowska − Gapińska, P. Kowal
[6] – AUTOIMMUNE ILLNESSES IN THE MORA-kHz RESONANCE DIAGNOSTICS
K. P. Michalak
[7] – PROCEDURE FOR THE KREBS CYCLE METABOLISM PROFILING IN CANCERS
USING MORA-kHz RESONANCE DIAGNOSTICS
K. P. Michalak
[8] – MAGNETIC LABELING OF CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES. MAGNETIC
CARRIERS
E. Miękoś, M. Zieliński, D. Szczukocki, B. Krawczyk
[9] – EFFECT OF THE VARIABLE MAGNETIC FIELD, PULSED RED LIGHT AND THEIR
COMBINATION ON REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES PRODUCTION BY NEUTROPHILES
IN VITRO
H. Nawrocka − Bogusz, F. Jaroszyk
[10] – DISPERSION OF ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY AND DIELECTRIC PERMITTIVITY
OF PATHOLOGICALLY CHANGED VEINS (VENA SAPHENA MAGNA)
M. Pankowska, E. Pankowski, A. Gierszewska, L. Kubisz
[11] – CONFORMATIONAL STUDIES OF GAS-PHASE RIBOSE AND 2-DEOXYRIBOSE BY
DENSITY FUNCTIONAL, SECOND ORDER PT AND MULTI-LEVEL METHOD
CALCULATIONS: THE PYRANOSES, FURANOSES AND OPEN-CHAIN STRUCTURES
M. Szczepaniak, J. Moc
[12] – THE MODIFICATION OF APPARATUS FOR TASTE EXAMINATION
T. Świdziński, A. Obrębowski, P. Świdziński, K. Linkowska – Świdzińska
[13] – A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FREQUENCY SPECRTUM OF THE
RADIATION EMITTED BY CYTOCHROME OXIDASE ENZYMES
J. A. Tuszyński, J. M. Dixon
[14] – CLINICAL, NEUROPATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR EFFECTS OF
MACROTUBULE– ASSOCIATED TAN PROTEIN (MAPT) GENE MUTATIONS
(N279K, P301L AND T>C3’E10+11) RESPONSIBLE FOR FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA
AND PARKINSON LINKED TO CHROMOSOME 17 (FTDP-17)
K. Wiatr, K. Pawełek, A. Kowalska
[15] – MAGNETOELECTROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY
OF L-CYSTEINE. MAGNETIC SEPARATION
M. Zieliński, E. Miękoś, R. Dałkowski, R. Juszczak
Author index
Augé II W. K. 5
Bełdowski P. 5
Bernard M. K. 9
Bosiak M. J. 19
Brežan S. 6
Chochowska M. 20
Chukova Y. P. 5
Cifra M. 8
Czachorowski P. 19
Czaińska M. 19
Czapiewska – Oleksa B. 14
Dałkowski R. 27
Davies P. 6
Del Giudice E. 6
Demetrius D. A. 6
Dixon J. M. 26
Doskocz M. 9
Drabińska B. 9
Gadomski A. 5
Gierszewska A. 24
Havelka D. 8
Hojan – Jezierska D. 20
Jaroszyk F. 24
Jerman I. 6
Juszczak R. 27
Jutrzenka – Jesion J. 20
Kaczmarek B. 18
Karbowski L. M. 15
Kędziera D. 19
Kitlas Golińska A. 19
Kordus M. 8
Kowal P. 20
Kowalska A. 26
Kubisz L. 24
Kučera O. 8
Kujawski J. 9
Krawczyk B. 22
Kruk J. 9
Lenger K. 10
Linkowska – Świdzińska K. 25
Marcinkowska – Gapińska A. 11, 20
Medinger W. H. 12
Michalak K. P. 13, 21, 22
Miękoś E. 22, 27
Moc C. 25
Molski M. 14
Molski J. 14
Mróz I. 14
Murugan M. J. 15
Myka A. 9
Nawrocka – Bogusz H. 24
Obrębowski A. 25
Pankowska M. 24
Pankowski E. 24
Pawełek K. 26
Persinger M. A. 15
Plankar M. 6
Pokorny J. 15
Przekoracka – Krawczyk A. 19
Rao D. V. G. L. N. 16
Sajjadi M. 17
Salari V. 17
Satarić M. K. 17
Sionkowska A. 18
Stefanini P. 6
Sullivan G . G. 18
Szczepaniak M. 25
Szczukocki D. 22
Świdziński T. 25
Świdziński P. 25
Tuszyński J. A. 6, 26
Wiatr K. 26
Wilczyńska I. 5
Van der Lubbe R. 19
Zieliński M. 22, 27
Yelleswarpu Ch. 16
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
5
Plenary lectures
1. DISCUSSION OF NANOSCALE FRICTION –
LUBRICATION EFFECTS ON MODEL
ARTICULATING SYSTEMS
P. Bełdowski1, A. Gadomski1, I. Wilczyńska1,
W. K. Augé II2
1University of Technology and Life Sciences, Institute of
Mathematics and Physics, PL− 85796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
2Department of Research and Development, NuOrtho Surgical,
characteristics, causing some essential changes to
occur, especially when they override their ranges of
action. Moreover, the milieu per se is an anomalously
relaxing soft material, very responsive to even minor
deficits in its biochemical content [4]. The basic
physiologic features are modified, even considerably,
as it is expected to occur in (extra) cellular matrices of
animals [5] or those of vacuoles-involving plants [6].
Acknowledgments: This work is supported by the project
BS5/2009 at UTP Bydgoszcz.
Inc., at the Advanced Technology & Manufacturing Center,
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Fall River, MA 02723
USA
The disease burden associated with articular cartilage
damage has encouraged the development of new
techniques for synovial joint therapeutics. To develop
such techniques, it is important to understand
mechanisms governing natural synovial joint function.
We present a facilitated lubrication model of articular
cartilage (AC) which includes an autonomous threedimensional deterministic system of ordinary firstorder differential equations to describe the kinetics of
the tribomicellization process, occurring with the aid
of synovial fluid, and multilayer lipid membranes
lining the articulating surfaces. This model assumes
linear coupling of the material surface dislocation
density and polyreaction fields and is in full
agreement with lamellar-roller-bearing mechanisms
which result in lower friction-coefficient values. This
facilitated lubrication is achieved due to the bearing
effects assured by micellar and other amphiphilic
aggregates emerging at the articulation interface.
Despite a mesoscale view, the model also predicts
nanoscale effects that appear as a proton flux in quasiion channels (proton channels) [1, 2]. Such a
phenomenon is consistent with treatment techniques
which use proton flux effects in AC systems [3]. By
deploying in situ electromagnetic field quanta during
synovial fluid media replacement, one may achieve
various beneficial therapeutic effects induced by
proton motion. For instance, through biomimic
engineering, the early surgical nanoscale tissue rescue
treatment of AC damage with motive proton delivery
gradients generated by physiochemical scalpels have
been designed from alternating current redox
magnetohydrodynamic technology [3]. These energybased surgical devices use inverse mass ratio batteries,
an advance in energy production that deploys an
‘‘irrigant within water’’ designed from the scientific
discipline of engineered irrigants. The milieus in
which the scalpels have to operate possess their own
acid-base equilibrium, resulting in some pH
characteristic value. The scalpels, when intruding
them, perturb this equilibrium, presumably in favor of
employing the proton electromotive gradients. They
are coupled, however, with the acid-base milieus'
[1] Gadomski A., Pawlak Z., Oloyede A. (2008)
Directed ion transport as virtual cause of some
facilitated friction lubrication mechanism
prevailing in articular cartilage: a hypothesis,
Tribol Lett 30: 83.
[2] Gadomski A., Bełdowski P., Rubi J. M., Urbaniak
W., Augé II W. K., Santamaria − Holek I.,
Pawlak Z., Some conceptual thoughts toward
nanoscale oriented friction in a model of articular
cartilage, Math. Biosci.,
DOI 10.1016/j. mbs. 2013.05.004.
[3] Augé W. K. (2012) Inverse mass ratio batteries:
An in situ energy source generated from motive
proton delivery gradients, Nano Energy 309.
[4] Wilczyńska I., MSc Thesis, University of
Technology and Life Sciences, Bydgoszcz 2012.
[5] Decoursey D. E. (2003) Voltage − gated proton
channels and other proton transfer pathways,
Physiol. Rev. 83:475.
[6] Barkla B. J., Pantoja O. (1996) Physiology of ion
transport across the tonoplast of higher plants,
Ann Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 47:159.
2. THE TERAHERTZELECTROMAGNETIC
RADIATION: FEATURES OF NONTHERMAL
CONVERSION INTO OTHER TYPES OF
ENERGY
Yu. P. Chukova
The Moscow Society of researchers of nature, Krasnopresnenskiy
Ecological Fund. Moscow, Russia
Now terahertz electromagnetic waves are used in
experimental biology and medicine. Unlike the
experiment which history only begins, the theory of
efficiency of conversion of such radiation into other
kinds of energy has been developed in 70 − s' years
and published in Russian scientific editions. The paper
[1] was published also in a translation into English.
The received results interested nobody for a long time,
but now they are capable to help to understand the
current and future experiments.
As it has been shown by thermodynamic method [2,
3], in the Wien region (hν>>kT) efficiency of
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
conversion of energy of electromagnetic radiation into
other kinds of energy submits to the Weber-Fechner
law, and in the Rayleigh-Jeans region (hν<<kT) − to
the Devyatkov law. These laws differ from each other
considerably, and terahertz radiation lays in an
interval between them. It is shown, how there is a
transition from the Weber − Fechner law to the
Devyatkov law. Difficulties of experiments under
terahertz radiation are discussed. Division of effects
on thermal and nonthermal ones in this area will have
difficulties.
[1] Chukova Yu. P. (1977) The maximum efficiency
for the conversion of light energy to chemical
energy Khim Vys. Energ., 11, 126 − 131 [High
Energy Chem. 1977, 11, 100 − 104].
[2] Chukova Yu. P. Advances in nonequilibrium
thermodynamics
of the systems under
electromagnetic radiation. Khrizostom, Moscow,
2001, 118 p., ISBN 5−7508− 9285−X.
[3] Chukova Yu. P. The Weber − Fechner law. To
the 150th anniversary of the publication of the
book “Elemente der Psychophysik” by G.T.
Fechner. 2010, Moscow, ZAO MP “Gigiena” 180
p. ISBN 978−5−904207−07− 6.
3. EMERGENCE OF SELFORGANIZATION IN
AQUEOUS SYSTEMS AND LIVING MATTER
E. del Giudice1, P. Stefanini2
1
Centro Studi Eva Reich Via Orti, 5, 20122 Milano, Italy
2
Nextcare s. a. s Via di Villa Barberino, 3, 50026 San Casciano
(Firenze), Italy
The ability to self-organize is the main feature of
living systems. This ability is the consequence of the
spontaneous decrease of entropy in living systems, as
pointed out by Schroedinger and Prigogine. This
property occurs in quantum systems when coherence,
namely the appearance of a well defined value of the
phase, gets established. The appearance of this
property demands the release of energy which can
occur when the system is open. In aqueous systems a
hierarchical structure of nested coherent systems is
generated providing an ensemble of correlated
frequencies, whose ensemble gives rise to a fractal
music, which has been experimentally detected. The
same property occurs in living systems, whose main
component is just water. This music could be the
physical basis underlying psychical phenomena,
accounting for the close connection between psyche
and soma observed in a number of therapeutic
approaches.
6
4. BIOLOGY O THE THRESHOLD OF A
QUANTUM REVOLUTION
P. Davies1, L. A. Demetrius1, 3, J. A. Tuszynski4, 5
1
Beyond Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science, Arizona
State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287–1504, USA
2
Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
c
Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
3
Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alberta, T6G 1Z2, Canada
4
Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta,
T6G 1Z2, Canada
This talk reviews the role of the Planck constant in
physics starting from its intoduction to describe black
body radiation, its crucial role in the Schroedinger
equation and the Gaussian wavepacket spreading.
More formally, the Planck constant plays a defining
role in the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and
appears in the Einstein-Debye statistics of solids.
Quantum effects in biology are discussed and include
biophotons,
centriole
functions,
Froehlich’s
coherence, visual perception, olfactory sensing, bird
navigation, light harvesting and photosynthesis as well
as quantum evolution, bioenergetics and quantum
metabolism. The latter problem leads to the definition
of a biological equivalent of the Planck constant. We
then elaborate on its significance in the context of the
uncertainty
principle:
time-energy,
positionmomentum, and the length, time and energy scales,
involved in the ATP production in mitochondria. It is
concluded that the eleven orders of magnitude (from
10-34 to 10-23) between physical and biological Planck
constants correspond to the scale gap between
physical building blocks of matter: elementary
particles and biological functional units: living cells.
5. BIOLOGICAL COHERENCE AS A BASIC
CONDITION FOR COGNITION AND
INTELLIGENT BEHAVIOR
I. Jerman1, M. Plankar1, S. Brežan2
1
Institute Bion, Stegne 21, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
2
(Independent researcher), Adamičeva 1, 1230 Domžale, Ljubljana,
Slovenia
Coherence has been substantiated as an autonomous
and fundamental mechanism of biological selforganization due to its capacity for an efficient energy
transfer and information processing. Coherent
phenomena do not only pertain to molecular dynamics
(e.g., the recently emerging quantum biology), but
operate at all levels of biological organization, giving
rise to synchronized metabolic cycles, various
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
physiological rhythms and collective dynamics within
large groups of organisms (Plankar et al 2011, 2012,
2013a, b). It is of particular interest whether and how
quantum and electromagnetic dynamics at the
molecular scale couples to and influences macroscopic
biological processes. We suggest that coherence may
represent a functional principle of such coupling, thus
promoting complex, yet highly organized macroscopic
behavior of biological systems.
The overall importance and hierarchical organization
of biological coherence comes especially to the
forefront in the brain dynamics. It is known that
coherent oscillations of large neuronal assemblies
(which are basically electromagnetic events, measured
e.g. as electric potential fluctuations via EEG) in
various frequency bands and in various brain regions,
correlate with all basic cognitive functions
(perception, attention, memory, decision making and
consciousness), mediate local and long-range neuronal
communication, and affect synaptic plasticity. In
mediating cognitive functions, coherence does not
only promote an efficient information transfer by
input summation, it also acts as an information coding
system that is based on phase and frequency of
neuronal oscillations (Fries 2009). Specifically, many
psycho-neurophysiological studies have shown
explicit correlations between levels/characteristics of
intelligence parameters and distinct coherence
(interregional synchrony or phase consistency/ delay
dynamics)
and/or
amplitude/
power
(local
(de)synchronization) patterns of human brain
oscillations in different frequency bands (Thatcher
RW, 2005; Jaušovec, 2005; Langer et al., 2012). An
increased neural efficiency and higher brain
complexity was predicted to be positively related to
intelligence (Anokhin et al., 1999, Jausovec and
Jausovec, 2003), therefore in such context negative
correlations between widespread-scale EEG coherence
and IQ are expected, together with more selective
involvement of cortical areas with increased
coherence, altogether reflecting increased spatial
differentiation and complexity of the brain, enabling
increased speed and efficiency of information
processing (Silberstein, 2004; Jausovec, 2000).
However, it seems that certain patterns of extremely
fast and complex oscillatory changes observed
experimentally could not be sufficiently explained
exclusively on the basis of the well established
synaptic mechanisms, which indicates that a deeper
understanding is needed (Freeman and Vitiello 2006).
On the other line of research, theoretical modeling as
well as the recently emerging experimental evidence
indicates that microtubules support highly cooperative
energy transport and information processing that is
based on coherence. A growing body of research
further indicates that the intraneuronal matrix,
composed of cytoskeletal elements and their binding
proteins, as well as up − to − now much ignored
extracellular matrix, seem to be involved in neuronal
signal integration via electric signaling due to their
7
charged surface. This highly interconnected system of
filamentous matrices may thus act as a ‘bridge’
between micro and macro levels of life, in other
words, between quantum and classical mechanisms of
information processing.
Coherence could thus represent a common
denominator of neurophysiological and biophysical
brain processes, operating at multiple levels of
neuronal organization, from which cognition and
animal/human intelligence may emerge as its cardinal
manifestation. In this connection it is interesting that
the anatomy of primate (mammalian) brain is quite
different from the one of birds, yet both groups of
organisms may demonstrate strikingly similar
intelligent behavior. Therefore, if we follow what we
learned from the brain dynamics, intelligence and
cognition, demand a highly organized coherent, i.e.,
deeply integrated, innerly connected, system. Thus
biological coherence can well be at the basis also of
non-brain phenomena of intelligent (purposeful)
behavior that was found not only in lower animals but
also in plants and microorganisms (Trewavas 2005;
Trewavas, Baluška 2011).
[1] Anokhin A. P., Lutzenberger W., Birbaumer N.,
(1999) Spatiotemporal organization of brain
dynamics and intelligence: an EEG study in
adolescents, Int J Psychophysiol; 33(3):259 − 73.
[2] Freeman W. J., Vitiello, G. (2006) Nonlinear
brain dynamics as macroscopic manifestation of
underlying many-body field dynamics Physics of
life reviews, 3(2):93 − 118.
[3] Fries P. (2009) Neuronal gamma-band
synchronization as a fundamental process in
cortical computation Annual Review of
Neuroscience, 32:209 − 224.
[4] Jausovec N., Jausovec K. (2003) Spatiotemporal
brain activity related to intelligence: a low
resolution brain electromagnetic tomography
study, Brain Res Cogn Brain Res, 16(2):267 − 72.
[5] Jaušovec N., Jaušovec, K. (2005) Differences in
induced gamma and upper alpha oscillations in
the human brain related to verbal/performance
and emotional intelligence, International Journal
of Psychophysiology, 56(3): 223 − 235.
[6] Jaušovec N. (2000) Differences in cognitive
processes between gifted, intelligent, creative, and
average individuals while solving complex
problems: an EEG study, Intelligence, 28(3): 213
− 237.
[7] Langer N., Pedroni A., Gianotti L. R., Hänggi J.,
Knoch,D., Jäncke, L. (2012) Functional brain
network efficiency predicts intelligence, Human
brain mapping, 3(6):1393 − 1406.
[8] Plankar M. (2013b) Coherence in biological
systems and its applications to life sciences.
Doctoral dissertation. University of Ljubljana,
Biotechnical faculty, pp. 113.
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
[9] Plankar M., Brežan S. in Jerman, J. (2013a) The
principle of coherence in multi − level brain
information processing. Progress in Biophysics &
Molecular Biology, 111: 8-29.
[10] Plankar M., Del Giudice E., Tedeschi A. in
Jerman, I. (2012). The role of coherence in a
systems view of cancer development. Theoretical
Biology Forum, 105:15 − 46.
[11] Plankar M., Jerman I. in Krašovec, R. (2011). On
the origin of cancer: Can we ignore coherence?
Progress in biophysics and molecular biology,
106(2): 380 − 390.
[12] Silberstein R. B., Song J., Nunez P. L., Park W.
(2004) Dynamic sculpting of brain functional
connectivity is correlated with performance.
Brain Topogr., 16(4):249 − 54.
[13] Thatcher R.W., North D., Biver C. (2005) EEG
and intelligence: relations between EEG
coherence, EEG phase delay and power, Clinical
Neurophysiology, 116(9):2129 − 2141.
[14] Trewavas A. J. (2005) Plant intelligence,
Naturwissenschaften 92: 401– 413,
DOI10.1007/s00114− 005− 0014− 9.
[15] Trewavas A. J., Baluška F. (2011) The ubiquity of
consciousness, cognition and intelligence in life,
EMBO reports Vol. 12, No. 12, pp. 1221 − 1225.
6. COCHLEAR IMPLANTS IN AN
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
M. Kordus
Department of Biophysics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences,
Poland
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely
performed medical imaging technique allowing the
viewing of detailed internal body structures. It is
utilized to provide the information required for
diagnostic purposes by detecting various conditions. It
has been shown that specific protocols need to be
followed in order to safely perform MRI examinations
in patients with cochlear implants. Notably, some
devices require the use of MRI system not exceeding
0.2- or 0.3-Tesla as part of the protocol. In other cases,
the magnet associated with the cochlear implant
requires removal prior to the MRI examination.
Studies indicate that electromagnetic fields created
during MRI scan interfere with magnetic fields of the
cochlear implant magnet causing its demagnetization
and the appearance of torque phenomena in implanted
devices.
[1] Dubrulle F., Sufana Iancu A., Vincent C., et al (2013)
Cochlear implant with a non-removable magnet:
preliminary research at 3-T MRI, Eur Radiol 25: 15101518.
[2] Jeon J. H., Bae M. R., Chang J. W., et al (2012)
Reversing the polarity of a cochlear implant magnet
8
after magnetic resonance imaging. Auris Nasus Larynx
39: 415-417.
[3] Dubrulle F., Vincent C. Varoquaux A., et al (2011)
Guidelines for the performance of MRI in patients with
cochlear implants. J. Radiol 92: 872-877.
[4] Caranne B. T., Gottschalk B., Kraut M., et al (2010)
Magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5T after cochlear
implantation. Oto Neurotol 31: 1215-1220.
[5] Majdani O., Leinung M., Rau T., et al (2008)
Demagnetization of cochlear implants and temperature
changes in 3.0 T MRI enviroment. Otolaryngology Hen
Neck Surg 139: 833-839.
7. DOUBTER'S GUIDE TO THE
BIOELECTROMAGNETISM
O. Kučera1, D. Havelka1, 2, M. Cifra1
1Institute of Photonics and Electronics, Academy of Sciences of the
Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia,
2Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical
Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague,
Czechia
The bioelectromagnetism, i.e. electromagnetic activity
of living cells, is highly controversial topic because
literally decades of intensive research on this topic
have not brought defensible experimental results.
With the exception of well − established
electrophysiology and auto-luminescence, there are no
trustful experimental data showing electromagnetic
activity of cells. For frequencies between few
hundreds of Hz and hundreds of THz we do not even
have experimentally well − established indication that
cells may generate electromagnetic field significantly
higher than that of thermal noise. Despite this fact,
large number of theories has emerged concerning
generation of electromagnetic field in cells and also
employment of this hypothetical field by cells.
Beside hypotheses which are quite far fetched, there
are, of course, solid theories based on widely accepted
physical mechanisms. However, when we put
numbers in these theories we find that intensities of
generated field are very low or rapidly decreasing with
the distance from generating structure. Therefore, the
relevance of direct force effects of such field in
biological processes, if any, is very likely limited to
very local area.
In our contribution, we illustrate this fact in silico on
the vibrations of microtubules. Our results show that
mechanical vibrations of microtubules should indeed
generate electromagnetic field, but this field may have
some translational or rotational force effects on
particles/molecules only in the immediate vicinity of
the microtubule. Assumption of the role of this field
anywhere else than along the microtubule is hardly
explainable by direct force effects. We predicted
theoretically that the multimode excitation causes
formation of electric wave packet and formation of
many transient local electric field minima. This
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
enables ultra-fast signal transfer along the microtubule
lattice, which is conceptually more realistic.
We also critically discuss the possibility of cell − to −
cell communication using electromagnetic waves. The
motivation for us was that during decades a large
number of experimental reports ascribing signaling
between distant cell cultures to electromagnetic
phenomena has appeared. However, rigorous analysis
on this topic – both qualitative and quantitative – has
never been published so far to our knowledge. Our
results
indicate
that
the
electromagnetic
communication between cells on a distance more than
few micrometers could, as a general phenomenon,
take place only under very special circumstances or
using mechanisms not known to be present in cells.
In conclusion, we argue that the relevance of
electromagnetic activity of living cells to physiology
seems overestimated in the majority of suggested
theories. Rather than speculating about endogenous
electromagnetic waves on the level of cells and tissues
and their hypothetical role in physiology, which seems
to be far fetched based on the current knowledge, we
encourage first to research local electromagnetic
events involving molecules and macromolecules to
provide solid foundations for electromagnetic
phenomena on larger scale. Local events fit better to
current state of knowledge in biophysics and they are
also better candidates for experimental testing and
potential applications. We have proposed one
example: signal transfer along microtubule by
electroacoustic wave.
8. THEORETICAL STUDIES ON THE
INTERACTIONS OF CYTOSTATIC
PYRAZOLE DERIVATIVE WITH DNA BASES
J. Kujawski1, M. Doskocz2, 3, B. Drabińska1,
A. Myka1, J. Kruk1, M. K. Bernard1
1Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical
Sciences, Poznan, Poland,
2Foundation for Development of Science and Business on Medical
and Exact Sciences Area, Wroclaw, Poland,
3RootInnovation sp. z o.o., Wroclaw, Poland
In a continuation of our previous study concerning the
proapoptotic activity of several fused pyrazole
derivatives [1], we investigated a possibility of the
adhesive interactions between one of the above
compounds, namely 5(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)3-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-indazole (1), and
nucleosides. Although we suggested a likely
mechanism of the cytotoxic action, the substance
target at the molecular level is still unclear. Our earlier
study showed that compound 1 was able to form
strong hydrogen bonds through the pyrrolic nitrogen
(NH, donor) and weak hydrogen bonds through the
sulfonyl oxygens (acceptors) [2].
9
The interactions of compound 1 with adenosine,
guanosine, cytosine, and thymidine as well as with a
DNA fragment were investigated using a solvation
sphere model. We observed that guanosine and
pyrazole derivative 1 were linked through two strong
hydrogen bonds NH…N. The bond energy equalled
−13.4 kcal/mol considering the BSSE error. The
system stability as a box with 1049 water molecules
(box diameter: 31.7 Å) was confirmed using
molecular mechanics.
The theoretical analysis of the interactions between
compound 1 and adenosine was carried out using three
different models. The analysis showed the presence of
NH…N hydrogen bonding between the indazole
moiety and the base, as well as CH…N bonding
between the benzene ring of indazole and adenosine
and NH…O bonds involving the sulfonyl group and
adenosine. The calculated energies were −15.7, −6.2,
and −5.2 kcal/mol, respectively. The molecular
dynamics modeling revealed that in two of the three
models the indazole and base rings were nearly
coplanar. The box sizes and water content for the
individual models were: a) 33.8 Å, 1281 water
molecules; b) 40.0 Å, 2109 water molecules, and c)
31.2 Å, 1009 water molecules. Changes in the
dihedral angle between the NH indazole and CH
adenosine planes resulted only in small alterations of
the N…CH distance. The smallest length of this bond
was due to the close proximity of the tosyl residue and
adenosine and was not a feature of the lowest energy
conformer.
The DFT optimization of the adduct indazole
derivative 1 and cytosine showed the presence of two
strong hydrogen bonds NH…O=C; their calculated
energy was −14.8 kcal/mol, i.e. only about 1 kcal/mol
less than for the similar adduct with adenosine. The
indazole and cytosine rings were not coplanar due to
the close proximity of two sp2 hybridized nitrogen
atoms with charges of −0.258 and −0.643 eV that
caused mutual repelling. The molecular mechanics
revealed that the box size was 38.3 Å and it contained
1851 water molecules.
Considering the above discussion, we can conclude
that the cytotoxic activity of compound 1 at the
molecular level may be connected with its ability to
adhesion to DNA bases through strong and weak
hydrogen bonding.
[1] Totoń T., E. Ignatowicz, M. K. Bernard, J.
Kujawski, M. Rybczyńska (2013) J. Physiol.
Pharmacol. 64(1): 115 − 123 and reference cited
herein.
[2] Kujawski J., Doskocz M., Popielarska H., Myka
A., Drabińska B., Kruk J., Bernard M. K. (2013)
J. Mol. Struct. 1047: 292 − 301.
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by SBN Grants No. 126/2012,
174/2013 (Poznan University of Medical Sciences) and
Grant No. 502−14−03308417−08345 (Poznan University of
Medical Sciences), as well as PCSS (Poznan
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
Supercomputing Center) Grant No. 92/2011, and carried out
in cooperation with the Research and Development
Laboratory of RootInnovation, Inc.
9. APPLIED QUANTUM PHYSICS:
PATHOLOGICAL BIOCHEMICAL PATWAYS
CURED BY HIGH HOMEOPATHIC
POTENCIES OF THEIR SUBSTRATES,
INHIBITORS, AND ENZYMES
K. Lenger
Institute for Scientific Homeopathy, Kaiserstr. 28,
DE − 63065 Offenbach
Homeopathic treatment is performed according to the
Law of Similars by using highly diluted and succussed
homeopathic remedies without containing molecules
any more. Up to now symptoms are cured by a
homeopathic therapy without any control of laboratory
values. Therefore homeopathy has great difficulties to
be acknowledged.
Biochemical function of homeopathic remedies was
only proposed by Schüßler’s Biochemie using low
homeopathic potencies of the body’s minerals. Since
Lenger detected photons with different frequencies in
highly diluted and succussed remedies by two
magnetic resonance methods, a scientific base of
homeopathy is now thinkable. The Law of Similars
can be expressed as: the frequencies of the patients
must match those of the homeopathic remedies. In
analogy to the experiments proving photons in
homeopathic remedies it can be assumed that the
remedies’ photons are attracted by the stronger
electromagnetic field of the biochemical pathological
pathway having similar frequencies. Thereby the
photons are separated from their carrier substances,
ethanol or sugar. The ill making frequencies are then
attenuated by resonance and the original biochemical
pathway will be restored. Lenger used highly diluted
and succussed reaction substrates, enzymes of the
body and their inhibitors proved by chemical trials.
Pathological biochemical pathways can be indicated
by different laboratory values: The lack of Fe++,
Ferritin, hemoglobin can easily be measured. The
corresponding symptoms are mostly described in the
homeopathic symptom picture: a terrible whooping
cough, asthma, weakness, faintness, cramps in the
muscles,
paralyses.
During
that
sickness
consciousness is altering, too. A group of 25 patients
having these symptoms was treated in the following
way: First, the respiration chain with its cytochrome
systems a and b containing Fe++ and Cu++ has to be
considered: Ferrum metallicum LMK, a high potency,
given every day, heals the cough and the Fe++ value is
becoming normal within one month. This treatment
was supported by Ferritin LMK. Ferritin is the iron
storing protein in the liver. In case that the cough
10
remained
constant,
the
LMK-potency
of
hydrocyanicum acid or potassium cyanide potent
lethal inhibitors of the Fe++-pathway had been added.
They form hexacyanoferrate-complexes with Fe++, so
that the iron cannot easily be proved chemically. This
gives the impression that it is “lost”.
In patients, the lack of iron can be caused by infection
with Bordetella Pertussis, Haemophilus Influenzae,
Chlamydiaceae or Hepatitis A, B, C. All of them use
the iron for their own nourishment. So, iron is getting
lost in the respiration chain, in ferritin, in hemoglobin.
This state can be seen in homeopathy as if the iron had
formed
hexacyanoferrate-complexes.
Highly
potentized HCN or KCN, together with Ferrum
metallicum LMK and Ferritinum LMK, restored the
iron in the respiration chain and normalized the iron,
ferritin, and hemoglobin levels in the blood, proved by
laboratory values. By this homeopathic treatment the
described symptoms of more than 15 patients were
cured within 6 weeks.
But the symptoms of 10 patients increased: asthma,
aches in the abdomen, weakness, no energy in the
muscles, paralyses nor the levels of Fe++, ferritin and
hemoglobin did not remarkably increase. Now the
therapy involving oxidative phosphorylation had to be
considered. It involves the glycolysis, the citric acid
cycle and the biosynthesis of the porphyrin system.
Sometimes even porphyrin is measured in urine
(Porphyria). In this case the formation of the
porphyrin ring should be supported. That is the
prosthetic group in the respiration chain as well as in
hemoglobin.Therefore, intermediate substances of the
glycolysis and/or the citric cycle had to be given in
LMK-potencies daily. Since some of these substances
are not available as homeopathic remedies such as
glucose-6-phosphate,
Glucosum
LMK
and
Phosphorus LMK had been given instead.
Adrenalinum and Insulinum in LMK known to
stimulate the degradation of glucose had been added.
Then Glycerinum, Pyruvicum acidum, CoenzymeA,
Oxalaceticum
acidum,
Citricum
acidum,
Ketoglutaricum acidum, Succinicum acidum and
Hemoglobinum all in LMK-potencies had been
applied. Glutamicum acidum LMK instead of
Glycinum not being available had been added to
support the synthesis of the amino acid glycin, the
nitrogen donor for the porphyrin ring.
All the remedies mentioned had been applied daily
and together. After 4-6 weeks, the hemoglobin, Fe++
and ferritin levels of the10 patients increased and the
symptoms of the patients started to heal or vanished
completely.
Five more patients suffering from paralyses
additionally needed Arsenicum album LMK, Lachesis
mutus LMK or Crotalus horridus LMK, the snake
venoms. As allopathic – they are the inhibitors of the
glycolysis, attacking its phosphate and SH-groups of
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
its enzymes. Which remedy of those has to be chosen
depends on the individual symptoms of the patient.
For the first time it is shown that a homeopathic
therapy can be performed reproducibly by applying
high potencies of substrates, enzymes of the ill
biochemical pathways, and by their inhibitors.
Furthermore all that can be controlled by laboratoryvalues. Until healing was achieved the mentioned
homeopathic remedies had to be given daily and
simultaneously. This form of homeopathic therapy
points the way to the future in order to cure chronical
diseases.
[1] Lenger K. (2006) Homeopathic potencies
identified by a new magnetic resonance method.
Homeopathy – an energetic medicine. Subtle
Energies and Energy Medicine 15(3):225 − 243.
[2] Lenger K., Bajpai R. P. (2008) Drexel M,
Delayed luminescence of high homeopathic
potencies on sugar globuli. Homeopath; 97:134 −
140.
[3] Lenger K. (2010) A new biochemical model of
homeopathic efficacy in patients with chronic
diseases. Subtle Energies & Energy Medicine,
19(3):9 − 41.
10. INFLUENCE OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BLOOD
A. Marcinkowska − Gapińska
Rheological Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Karol
Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences in Poznan,
Przybyszewskiego 49, 60 – 355 Poznan, Poland
Magnetostimulation is one of the methods used in
physiotherapy, however not all mechanism of its
action have been clarified so far [1]. The Viofor JPS
instrument is applied in cases of pain related to
arthrosis, migraine or other impairments in the
organism, such as impaired bone healing, soft tissues
healing, circulation impairment, stress [1 − 4]. Other
studies related to the direct influence of magnetic field
on blood and its rheological properties have also been
carried out [3, 5 − 8]. The aim of this study is the
analysis of the effect of magnetic field on the
rheological blood properties on the basis of my own
research and literature data.
Blood viscosity measurements were carried out by
means of an rotary-oscillatory rheometer Contraves
LS40 performing both rotary measurements of the
flow curve at descending shear rate γ’ in the range
from 100 to 0.01 s-1 within a 5 minute period and
oscillatory measurements at a constant frequency f =
0.5 Hz with descending shear amplitude γ0 which
allowed for estimation of the complex viscosity η*
and its real and imaginary components, η’ and η’’,
11
respectively. Analysis of the influence of magnetic
field on the hemorheological properties of blood was
performed both in vivo and in vitro conditions. In the
case of in vivo stimulation, blood samples were taken
from patients suffering from pain who started the
therapy with the use of the large applicator Viofor JPS
and different programs “P” and applications “M”
offered by the manufacturer with various magnetic
field intensities. Each of patients donated blood
samples twice: before and after the therapy. All blood
and plasma viscosity measurements were performed at
37°C. Rotary measurements were performed to obtain
plasma viscosity and whole blood flow curves. For
each blood sample hematocrit value was measured
using the standard method. In the case of in vitro
stimulation only blood samples were subjected to
magnetic field stimulating applied by means of the
small applicator (pillow) and using a single program
and a single application method. The results obtained
from the rotary measurements were analyzed by
means of Quemada rheological model in order to
obtain a quantitative description of red cells
agreeability and deformability [9, 10]. The parameters
chosen for evaluation were: hematocrit value, plasma
viscosity, whole blood viscosity at four chosen shear
rates, Quemada model parameters: k0 (measure of red
cells agreeability), k∞ (measure of red cells stiffness)
and γ’c (measure of red cells tendency to aggregate),
as well as the components of the complex viscosity
η*: viscous (η’) and elastic (η’’).
It was found that the influence of magnetic field on
blood rheological parameters depended on the method
and program of application. In order to perform a
thorough statistical analysis, a larger group of patients
would have to be studied by means of in vivo
stimulation.
[1]
Sieroń
A.,
Zastosowanie
pól
magnetycznych w
medycynie (red. Sieroń A.); α-medica press; Bielsko
Biała, 2002.
[2] Pecyna M. B., Wolnozmienne pola magnetyczne w
badaniach psychofizjologicznych, Wydawnictwo
Akademickie „Żak”, Warszawa 2001.
[3] Kowal P., Marcinkowska − Gapińska A. (2005)
Próba oceny wpływu terapii zmiennym polem
magnetycznym u pacjentów z chorobą naczyniową
mózgu (An influence of the altered magnetic field on
the hemorheological parameters in patients with
cerebrovascular disease); Neuroskop 7: 135 − 138.
[4] Pasek J., Mucha R., Gmyrek J., Sieroń A., Wpływ
wolnozmiennego pola magnetycznego systemem
Viofor JPS na zachowanie się parametrów ciśnienia
tętniczego krwi osób z nadciśnieniem tętniczym,
Balneologia Polska, 2006, tom XLVIII, nr 2, pp. 95 −
100.
[5] Dasdag S., Sert C., Akdag Z., Batun S. (2002)
Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
Fields on hematologic and immunologic parameters in
welders, Archives of Medical Research 33:29 − 32.
[6] Ciejka E., Gorąca A. (2007) Oddziaływanie pola
magnetycznego o parametrach stosowanych w
magnetoterapii na wybrane parametry biochemiczne
krwi, Balneologia Polska, październik − grudzień, 234
− 242.
[7] Tao R., Huang K. (2011) Reducing blood viscosity
with magnetic fields. Physical Rev. E, 84, 011905(5).
[8] Kowal P., Marcinkowska − Gapińska A. (2010),
Analysis of the influence of magnetostimulation on
the hemorheological parameters and on the result of
thermographic examination; Some aspects of medical
physics − in vivo and in vitro. Ed. by Zofia Drzyzga,
Krzysztof Ślosarek. Olsztyn: HARD Publishing
Company, 59 − 64.
[9] Lerche D., Bäumler H., Kucera W., Meier W.,
Paulitschke M., Flow properties of blood and
hemoreological methods of quantification. W
Physical Characterization of Biological cells.
Basic research and clinic relevance. Red. W.
Scütt, H. Klinkmann, I. Lamprecht, T. Wilson,
Verlag Gesundheit GmbH Berlin 1991, 189 −
214.
[10] Quemada D. (1981) A rheological model for
studying the hematocrit dependence of red cell red cell and red cell - and red cell - protein
interactions in blood, Biorheology, 18:501 − 516.
11. THE MATHEMATIC OF BIOLOGICALLY
EFFECTIVE EMFs: ARE MAXWELL’S,
SCHRÖDINGER’S AND PAULI’S
FORMALISMS COMPATIBILE AND
COMPLETE?
W. H. Medinger
International Institute for Research on Electromagnetic
Compatibility (IIREC), Ringstr. 64,
3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria.
For the development of physical science (with
biophysics being a segment thereof), the application of
proper mathematical tools has had an enormous
impact. In the theoretical elaboration of his concept of
electromagnetism,
Maxwell
used
Hamilton’s
quaternions which were a recent discovery in his days,
but are replaced by the more convenient vector
representation in contemporary physics. Schrödinger’s
famous equation is based on a complex valued wave
function (with the correspondence principle of
classical physical magnitudes and imaginary quantum
operators being no way arbitrary). Pauli, in turn,
introduced the matrices named after him as
constituents of a 2-component wave function in a
squared complex space in order to represent 2-valued
12
elctron spin. At that point, the circle is closed, for it
turns out that, apart from a unity matrix, Pauli’s
matrices are the exact match of a matrix representation
of quaternions. So, we notice that all these formalism
are indeed compatible, but their formal variety
remains unsatisfactory.
A most challenging issue in biophysics is the
identification of the physical fields and/or potentials
that provoke a biological response. It is not at all a
matter of course that the fields handled in classical
electrodynamic theory, and in electric engineering and
radio technology as well (e.g. RF electric and
magnetic force fields), are the true – or exclusive –
causes of biological impact. From the quantum
perspective to biological systems which has a solid
theoretical and experimental foundation now, it is
evident that potentials, i.e. in the electromagnetic
domain, the (scalar) electrostatic potential Φ and the
magnetic vector potential A, would govern the
behaviour of the system. The physical significance of
a difference in Φ is well known as voltage. Similarly,
a descriptive notion was attributed to A by Maxwell,
as the “electromagnetic momentum“. Both terms (Φ as
the representation of electromagnetic energy, and A as
the representation of electromagnetic momentum) are
complementary and fundamental in terms of classical
Hamiltonian theory. In the Hamiltonian operator (the
quantum analogue to the classical energy term), the
momentum is expanded to the so-called kinetic
momentum including qA, with electric charge q as a
scaling factor.
From the physical and biological principles considered
so far, we conclude that biological systems are
controled, in a fundamental way, by the physical
quantities of electric charge, electric potential,
electromagnetic momentum (i.e. magnetic vector
potential), and electron spin.
Research conducted by Mae-Wan Ho revealed that
exposition to the magnetic vector potential of toroidal
coils with a negligible magnetic field rises
abnormalities in pattern formation in Drosophila
embryos, as well as exposition to solenoidal coils with
a strong magnetic field would do, thus evidending the
biological effectiveness of the vector potential A.
There is a need for more biological research replacing
ordinary coils with toroids for magnetic field
experiments.
According to accepted physical theory, electric and
magnetic force fields acting on biological tissue
emerge as the first derivatives of the potentials Φ and
A. The Maxwell/Heaviside equations of classical
electrodynamics are invariant with respect to a gauge
transformation mediated by a scalar function χ. The
gauge conditions of classical electrodynamics level
out a scalar derivative S that emerges in a completed
formalism applying Clifford’s algebra which, in turn,
proves to be the key to the unification (and
simplification) of Maxwell’s, Schrödinger’s and
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
Pauli’s formalisms. This natural expansion of
electrodynamics suggests that the scalar terms in the
derivatives of electromagnetic potentials should be
observable field effects, thus rendering expanded (or
generalised) electrodynamics a testable theory.
For biological application, it seems interesting that a
rapidly fluctuating source of high voltage, such as a
pulsed power system, could induce noticeable scalar
effects which explains extraordinary results of high
energy impulse therapy, e.g. significant reduction of
edema in acutely sprained ankles following only one
treatment.
Short-term
magnetic
pulses
of
40-80 mT permeating the cell membrane obviously
induce biological coherence which may be understood
in the framework of Fröhlich’s theory.
[1] Jung F. (2006). Geometrische Algebra und die
Rolle des Clifford − Produkts in der Klassischen
und
Quantenmechanik.
Diplomarbeit
im
Fachbereich Physik. Institut für Physik, JohannesGutenberg-Universität Mainz.
[2] Ho M. W., French A., Hafegee J., Saunders P. T.
(1994). In: Ho M. W., Popp F−A., Warnke U.
(Eds.).
Bioelectrodynamics
and
Biocommunication (Singapore: World Scientific),
p. 204.
[3] Pennington G. M., Danley D. L., Sumko M. H.,
Bucknell A., Nelson J. H. (1993) Pulsed, nonthermal, high − frequency electromagnetic energy
(DIAPULSE) in the treatment of grade I and
grade II ankle sprains. Mil Med 158: 101− 4.
[4] Van Vlaenderen K. J. (2003) A generalization of
classical electrodynamics for the prediction of
scalar
field
effects.
http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0305098
[physics.class-ph].
12. MORA-kHz RESONANCE DIAGNOSTICS
USED FOR THE MEASURMENT OF THE
NEED FOR HOMEOPATHIC DRUGS
K. P. Michalak
Department of Biophysics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences,
Poland
Homeopathy is the branch of medicine that is not
commonly accepted due to the mechanism of
interaction with the human body being not known in
details. Since Lenger has detected frequency-specific
photons in homeopathic drugs, the discussion
concerning homeopathy has entered the new level.
The main clinical idea of homeopathy is included in
the sentence: “Similia Similibus Curantur” (SSC)
which means that the symptoms of the overdose of the
given drug are the same as the indications for its
application.
One of the important problems in homeopathy is the
choice of the proper drug and its dose that is necessary
13
for the given patient. The symptoms are often
indicated to be treated using different drugs,
depending on the composed and complicated patient’s
interview, and the choice of the proper one is not a
trivial task.
The new, simple, electronic method is presented that
is probably able to support the choice of the drug and
its dose. It is the MORA-kHz-resonance diagnostics.
This method was developed by Franz Morrel and
Erich Rasche. They have built the commercial device
MORA (Med-Tronic GmbH, EN ISO 13485, EN ISO
9001). The idea of the method is the use of ampoules
with a drug, amplifying the generated vibrations in
hKz range and conducting these signals through the
human body. These signals are characterized by the
increase in the impedance of about 10% − 30% if the
pathology connected with drug deficiency exists in the
organism. The human body can be treated as the
frequency-specific filter for the applied signal. The
impedance increase of the tissue is observed only up
to the given amplification of the applied signal. The
highest amplification of the given signal being
damped by the body points to the amount of energy,
the body is able to absorb. In the case of homeopathic
drugs, it makes it possible to find out, which drug
vibrations are damped / sucked most strongly by the
human body.
The following measurement procedure was used. 1.
The patient was asked for the symptoms and illnesses,
he/she suffers from. 2. About 20 − 40 homeopathic
drugs were chosen to the preliminary test according to
the indications to the reported syndromes. 3. Next, 1
or 2 most strongly resonating drugs were chosen to the
final test. 4. The homeopathic drug was administrated
for the patient according to drug indications. The
measurement of the resonance strength was performed
about 1 min after every one globule administrated. 10
globuli were administrated maximally, altogether. The
test was earlier broken, if the overdose resonance
higher than I = 5 occurred earlier.
The preliminary results of 13 patients tested show that
the resonance decreases initially after every globule
administrated.
The approximately logarithmic decrease in
amplification power was observed. Every globule
decreased the maximal amplification about 4 − times.
The lack of resonance was found after 2 − 5 globuli
administrated (in most cases – after 3 globuli). The
further administration of − 6 globuli did no change
significantly the saturation state. Next, the resonance
started to increase after further administration,
pointing to the overdose effect. The logarithmic
scaling was also observed in the overdose range,
however, the multiplication factor was lower. In some
cases, the measurement was repeated after 5 − 15min,
showing often the vanishing of the overdosing
resonance. This effect can suggest that the therapy
should follow in the home therapy.
Conclusions: The results of the performed tests
correlate with the homeopathic rule “SSC”. MORA-
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
kHz-resonance is probably a useful method for
looking for the drugs that are necessary for the given
patient. The correlation between the resonance and
clinical therapeutic effect must be measured in order
to confirm the usefulness of the presented method.
13. FRACTALITY&NONLOCALITY
M. Molski
Theoretical Chemistry Department A Mickiewicz University of
Poznan ul. Grunwaldzka 6, 60 – 780 Poznan, Poland
According to the Mandelbrot theory, the fractals are
objects endowed with fractional (not integer)
dimension and structural elements interrelated by the
self-similar transformation. In the famous book
“Fractal physiology” [1] the authors pointed out an
interesting property of the fractal formation “….the
fractal dimension remains approximately constant
over many different scales. How can that be? How can
different physical processes acting at different scales
self-organize into fractal patterns. The mechanisms
that link processes at different scales are mysterious.
We make only a few tentative and speculative
remarks. The first possibility is that something is
shared across scales that cause them to adjust together.
It must be something conserved (so that its balance is
equalized across scales) and something minimized or
maximized (so that it can be optimized at different
scales). Thus, it must be something like free energy or
entropy, and yet it is clearly not the free energy or
entropy….” The lecture presents the theory of
biological growth in the space-time with temporal
fractal dimension [2 − 4], which indicates that this
something can be identified with the quasi-quantum
nonlocal spatial coherence, which interrelates at-thedistance all spatially separated sub − elements of the
system providing the cooperative and self-organizing
mechanisms responsible for the fractal creation on all
scales of the matter organization. In this way different
bio − processes over different spatial and temporal
scales can organize into structures with a consistent
overall spatial fractal dimension or changing globally
in time the temporal fractal dimension.
[1] Bassingthwaighte J. B., Liebovitch L.S., West B.
J. (1994) Fractal physiology. Oxford University
Press, New York.
[2] Molski M., Konarski J. (2006) Neuronal
differentiation and synapse formation in the
space-time with temporal fractal dimension.
Synapse, 60:567 − 572.
[3] Molski M., Konarski J. (2008) Tumor growth in
the space-time with temporal fractal dimension.
Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 36:811 − 818.
[4] Molski M. Fractal Time of Life. Lambert
Academic Publishing 2012.
14
14. FRACTALS&ART
M. Molski, B. Czapiewska - Oleksa, J. Molski
Theoretical Chemistry Department A Mickiewicz University of
Poznan ul. Grunwaldzka 6, 60 − 780 Poznan, Poland
"Fractals & Art" is a multimedial presentation on the
Mandelbrot theory of fractal objects found in nature,
generated by computer and created by artists. In
particular, we will consider the mathematical objects
of fractional dimension: Cantor set, Sierpinski carpet,
Menger sponge as well as complex numbers and the
self − similar transformation applied to create fractals.
Fractal analysis of Jackson Pollock (1912 − 1956)
paintings and the fractal interpretation of the Maurits
Cornelis Escher (1898 − 1972) works will be carried
out. In the final part the fractal movies created by
making use of the of computer graphics techniques
will be also demonstrated. The presentation is a joint
project of scientist, artist Beata Czapiewska-Oleksa
and computer graphics expert Julian Molski.
15. IN SEARCH OF FACTORS INFLUENCING
PROTEIN HANDEDNESS
Iwona Mróz
Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Wroclaw,
Plac Maxa Borna 9, 50 – 204 Wroclaw, Poland
e-mail: imroz@ifd.uni.wroc.pl
Magnetic field is considered as a factor that may be
useful to distinguish enantiomers, therefore the results
of its interaction with chiral molecules have been
widely investigated. It is also suggested that a
magnetic field alone may lead to asymmetric synthesis
if prochiral molecules are initially spatially oriented
[1]. For molecules and molecular assemblies of
biological importance, like proteins or protein
complexes, their three-dimensional structures seem
significant for protein-magnetic field interactions.
Especially helical structures, including β − helices
containing L − as well as D − amino acids, may cause
protein orientation in a magnetic field [e.g. 2 − 4]. We
review the experimental evidence of this problem.
To investigate if the handedness of biologically active
proteins might partly result from primitive proteins’
synthesis performed in the presence of a magnetic
field, we analyze theoretically the handedness of
sterically possible conformations of the terminal
fragments of a simple helical protein synthesised in a
magnetic field. A preliminary assumption that single
long helical structures may be oriented in a static
magnetic field is made [5], therefore the relative
position of the analysed fragment and the direction of
the magnetic field is controlled. To investigate the
handedness of all possible conformations we assume
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
that protein synthesis can occur from both protein
termini and both amino acid stereoisomers can be
included into the chain.
[1] Barron l L. D. (1994) Can magnetic field induce
absolute asymmetric synthesis? Science 266:1491
− 1492.
[2] Arnesano F., Banci L., Bertini I., Van der
Wetering K., Czisch M., Kaptein R. (2000) The
autoorientation in high magnetic fields of
oxidized cytochrome b562 as source of constrains
for solution structure determination. J Biomol
NMR 17, 295 − 304.
[3] Marcotte I., Bélanger A., Auger M. (2006) The
orientation effect of gramicidin A and Eu+-doped
bicelles as studied by solid state NMR and FT-IR
spectoscopy. Chem Phys Lipids 139:137 − 149.
[4] Numoto N., Schimizu K., Matsumoto K., Miki K,
Kita A. (2013) Observation of the autoorientation
of membrane protein crystals grown in high
magnetic force field. J Cryst Growth 367:53 − 56.
[5] Mróz I. (2005) Spatial separation of right- and
left- handed protein molecules in external
magnetic field s– a hypothesis. WSEAS
Transactions on Biology and Biomadicine 2:381
− 385.
16. ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND
WATER: THE POTENTIAL FOR NONLOCALITY
N. J. Murugan1, 2, L. M. Karbowski1, 2,
M. A. Persinger1, 2
1
Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentain University, Sudbury,
P3E 2C6 Ontario
2
Neuroscience Research Group, Laurentain University, Sudbury,
P3E 2C6 Ontario
Whereas the function of matter is determined by its
spatial organization, such as molecules, the function
of electromagnetic fields is determined primarily by
temporal patterns. Application of the appropriately
patterned, weak magnetic field has been shown to
dissolve planarian and to inhibit the growth of several
different lines of cancer cells but not normal cells by
affecting the plasma membrane. Living systems occur
within an aqueous environment where viability is
determined by narrow bands of temperature, pH and
proportion of water. We present experimental
evidence that specific, physiological patterns of weak
magnetic fields that can potentially influence
membrane magnetic moment of cells produce specific
changes in pH within spring water. These exposures
over several hours elicit discrete microshifts with
durations of 20 to 40 ms in duration that are similar to
those found within human cerebral cortices and
reflects its ~40 Hz coherent activity. The magnitudes
of these shifts are consistent with a fundamental
15
quantum of about 10-20 J which is the energy
generated between the distance of the potassium ions
that produce the membrane potential and the peak
values for the action potential.
Exposure to
physiologically-patterned magnetic fields that imitate
intrinsic configurations produces a shift in
spectrophotometer profiles of about 10 nm or the
width of a plasma membrane. These changes suggest
that information can be represented within water along
boundary conditions such as plasma cell membranes.
Productions of specific magnetic fields, that would be
required if photons exhibit a non-zero mass, in two
different loci produce a non-locality or entanglement
in both photon generation and shifts in pH.
17. POSTULATED PHYSICAL LINKS IN
CANCER TRANSFORMATION
J. Pokorný
Institute of Photonics and Electronics, ASCR, Prague, Czech
Republic
Energy supply to a biological system excites and
sustains a state far from thermodynamic equilibrium
which is a basic condition for existence of life.
Processes based on energy supply belong to the
essentials for biological activity. Energy is
transformed into physical forces and useful work for
biological needs. But the principle processes and
mechanisms of chemical energy transformation were
not completely understood. Long range interactions
and formation of mesoscopic and macroscopic
structures indicate long range physical forces acting in
biological systems. Distribution of charges in
biological molecules and structures and exceptional
electrical polarity of biological objects suggest
electrodynamic and electromagnetic field generated in
biological systems. Many authors published
experimental results giving an account of
electromagnetic activity in living systems. Generating
function in the living cell was ascribed to
microtubules in the cytoskeleton. Resonant
frequencies of individual microtubules were recently
investigated in a systematic fashion in the frequency
range from 1 kHz to 20 GHz. Two frequency bands
were disclosed in the region below 1GHz. One band
has resonant frequencies 10–30 MHz, the other 100–
200 MHz. Oscillations in microtubules are possible
under strict conditions in the cell: low damping by
surrounding liquid medium, nonlinearity of vibrations,
electric polarity, and sufficient energy supply.
Mitochondria establish a strong static electric field
resulting in ordered water around them which
conditions
low
damping.
The
generated
electromagnetic field may provide many working
functions including synchronization and information
transfer. The brain activity, central control function,
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
instinct of self-preservation, and consciousness have
been postulated to depend on electrodynamic
processes, mainly of quantum nature. If the
electrodynamic activity has any biological function
then its disturbances have to result in pathological
states. Pathological agents may attack biophysical
processes directly or indirectly as a consequence of
biochemical and genetic defects. The cancer
transformation pathway contains a link of
mitochondrial dysfunction, i.e. decreased oxidative
metabolism. Therefore, cancer process is a
pathological state disturbing energy processing system
including generation of the electromagnetic field.
The
experimental
findings
on
biological
electromagnetic activity represent a domain of
singular items without adequate connections and
sufficient experimental reproductions. On the other
hand further experimental verifications need
theoretical background. Basic items of biological
electromagnetic activity were formulated in the form
of postulates to set up a solid foundation for further
theoretical and experimental studies in a new
interdisciplinary
field–physical
biology
and
physiology. First postulates concern existence of
endogenous coherent electromagnetic field, generating
structure, and supporting organelles. Other postulates
describe function of the electrodynamic field in
biological cells and the brain. The last postulate
concerns pathological state of the electrodynamic field
in cancer development.
The postulates set up a solid foundation for further
theoretical and experimental studies in a new
interdisciplinary field. Cancer analysis is presented.
Malignant links in cancer transformation are
conditioned by dysfunction of mitochondria which can
develop in cancer cells (the normal Warburg effect) or
in fibroblasts associated with cancer cells (the reverse
Warburg effect). In the normal or the reverse
Warburg effect type of cancers the power of the
electromagnetic field is predicted to be lower or
higher than in healthy cells, respectively. In both cases
the predicted frequency spectra are rebuilt and shifted
in direction corresponding to the increased or
decreased power. Interaction between cancer and
healthy cells is disturbed and a pathway for local
invasion and metastasis is open. An overview of
experimental results will be presented.
16
18. NONLINEAR OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH A
PROTEIN COMPLEX
D. V. G. L. N. Rao, Ch. Yelleswarpu
Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100
Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125
Our group has been working on basic nonlinear optics
of the protein complex Bacteriorhodopsin(bR) thin
films with low power cw lasers. The unique feature of
this biomaterial is its flexibility. Absorption of a
visible photon by bR triggers the photocycle, starting
from the initial B state to the relatively long lived M
state via short lived intermediate states. Molecules in
the M state can revert to the initial B state thermally in
milliseconds via short lived intermediate states or they
can go back directly to B state within nanoseconds by
shining blue light. Both life times can be altered by
orders of magnitude using chemical methods or
genetic mutation. The process of switching between B
and M states (chemical isomers) can go in both
directions depending on wavelength, intensity and
polarization of the incident light offering a variety of
possibilities for manipulating amplitude, phase and
polarization of the incident light. Over the years we
studied the basic nonlinear optics- four wave mixing,
phase conjugation, photo induced anisotropy etc. We
successfully exploited the unique properties for many
applications- all optical fast switching, modulation,
computing, information processing, power limiting for
laser eye protection, medical image processing,
transient Fourier holography etc. More recently we are
focusing on optical Fourier techniques for early
detection of microcalcifications in mammograms for
breast cancer diagnostics. We also developed an
innovative technique of Fourier phase contrast
microscopy and multimodal optical microscopy for
live cell imaging of biological samples. I will present
some highlights of our work with particular reference
to development of inexpensive biomedical devices.
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
19. A QUANTUM MECHANICAL
INVESTIGATION OF TRAPPING OF IONS IN
THE SELECTIVITY FILTERS OF KcsA ION
CHANNELS
V. Salari1, M. Sajjadi2
17
20. NONLINEAR IONIC PULSES ALONG
CYTOSKEKETAL MICROTUBULS
M. V. Satarić
Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad
Trg D. Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
1
Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran
e-mail bomisat@neobee.net
2
Department of Physics, University of Shahrkord, Iran
Since the discovery of potassium K+ channels, a surge
of interest among investigators has been aroused to
understand and explain their fascinating operational
mechanisms. These protein complexes that are
assembled by several proteins creating circular pores
through the membrane operate in a fast and precise
manner. The selectivity filter is believed to be
responsible for the selection and fast conduction of
particular ions across the membrane of an excitable
cell. Other (generally larger) parts of the molecule
such as the pore − domain gate control the access of
ions to the channel protein.
Recently the occurrence of quantum coherence in the
selectivity filter backbone is proposed by arguing that
the backbone structure is not rigid as expected in
classical models and vibrational excitations in K+ ionchannels are the candidates to produce such
coherence. On the other side, we already investigated
the interaction of a single potassium ion within the
surrounding carbonyl dipoles by analyzing solutions
of the Schrödinger equation for the bacterial KcsA ion
− channel. We showed that alkali ions can become
highly delocalized in the filter region at warm
temperatures. We claimed that a quantum mechanical
calculation is needed to explain a fundamental
biological property such as ion-selectivity in transmembrane ion − channels.
Here, we have used the Density Functional Theory
(DFT) as a powerful ab initio method to derive a
surface potential that K+ feels inside the selectivity
filter. The velocity and kinetic energy of ions as well
as the carbonyl group’s frequencies in different states
have been obtained via the results of Gromacs
software. To do these calculations we have used the
entry 1K4C from the Protein Data Bank to represent
the potassium channel. An analogy between classical
and quantum mechanical models is discussed. It will
be shown that quantum effects have interesting and
significant properties in the selectivity filter and ion
channel. For example, ions are trapped at specific
locations in the filter and changed to very cold atoms
which can interfere with adjacent ions causing
efficiently functioning of the selectivity filter.
Microtubules (MTs) are cytoskeletal biopolymers
shaped as nanotubes that are essential for cell
motility, cell division and intracellular trafficking.
Here we investigate their polyelectrolyte character
that plays a very important role in ionic transport
throughout cellular environment. The model we
propose demonstrates an essentially nonlinear
behavior of ionic currents which are guided by MTs.
These features are primarly due to the dynamics of
tubulin’s C − terminal tails which are extended out of
the surface of the MT cylinder [1, 2]. We also
demonstrate that the origin of nonlinearity stems
from the nonlinear capacitance of each tubulin dimer.
This brings about conditions required for the creation
and propagation of solitonic ionic waves along the
MT axis. We conclude that a MT plays the role of a
biological nonlinear transmission line for ionic
currents [2]. These currents might be of interest for
cell division and perhaps can play some important
role even in cognitive processes in nerve cell.
We expect that this kind of localized ionic waves
could have the basic role in many vital cellular
activities.
First the process of cell division needs the
synchronized depolymerisation of MTs. It can be
caused by the localized Ca++ waves of our model,
reaching MT plus ends and triggering the onset of
massive detachment of tubulin dimers from MT tips.
If just pure diffusion of Ca++ ions through the bulk
cytosol is left to rule this depolymerisation, the
mistakes in this process would overwhelm the needed
coordination.
In the very interesting paper [3] it was explained that
in hair bundles (kinocilium) in the inner ear,
consisting of the MT doublets, the myosin motordriven oscillations are controlled by Ca++ ions
directed from ion channels along MTs.
These ions cause a fraction of myosin motors to
detach and thus tune the oscillations of kinocilium as
the reaction on a corresponding acoustic signal. This
mechanism can also be explained by the localized
Ca++ waves elaborated here.
[1] Satarić M. V., Ilić D., Ralević N. and Tuszynski
J. A. (2009) Eur. Biophys. J. 38: 637.
[2] Satarić M. V., Sekulić D. and Živanov M. (2010)
Journ. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 7, 2281.
[3] Duke T. (2003) J. Phys. Condensed Matter 15,
S1747.
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
21. THE INFLUENCE OF UV-IRRADIATION
WITH THE WAVELENGTH 254 nm ON
HUMAN HAIR
A. Sionkowska, B. Kaczmarek
Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University,
Gagarin 7, 87 – 100 Torun, Poland
Human and animal hairs are exposed to sun radiation
during lifetime and hence it is necessary to study the
properties of hair after UV – irradiation, which can be
a part of sunlight. The influence of UV radiation with
the wavelength 254 nm on virgin curly brown hair
was studied. Samples of hair were irradiated for 8 and
16 hours and the results of mechanical properties and
visual appearance were compared with virgin hair. Air
− dried hair was submitted to treatment with UV −
irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy images
were made to show changes in the structure of hair.
The mechanical properties of human hair before and
after UV-irradiation were investigated by mechanical
testing. The changes in such mechanical properties as
ultimate tensile strength and percentage of elongation
were investigated. Moreover, the Young’s modulus
was calculated based on the above measurements. The
results have shown hat the mechanical properties of
hair were greatly affected by the time of UV −
irradiation. Ultimate tensile strength and ultimate
percentage of elongation decreased after UV −
irradiation of hair. Increasing UV-irradiation led to a
decrease in Young’s modulus of human hair. The
mechanism of photodegradation of human hair will be
discussed.
22. A MODEL FOR INTEGRATIVE
BIOPHYSICAL MEDICINE- IN PRACTICE,
RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
G. G. Sullivan
We are entering a new phase of understanding of the
biological system. Following decades of research, we
now possess indisputable evidence of an aspect of
biology never before given serious consideration in
everyday traditional medicine. I'd like to present a
model based on this perspective: Integrative
Biophysical Medicine in practice, research and
education. Enter a new dimension, the interface by
which all medicine should from henceforth be
evaluated, namely, how effectively a given therapy
can strengthen one's "buoyancy," i.e. the stored
structural energy of excitation, providing for one's
potential energy, which is in turn used to promote
work performance, and maintenance of one's vitality
and viability in the environment.
In practice, to maintain resiliency, structural and
functional integrity, and processing of environmental
18
inputs as they arise, the body needs energy: again,
electrons and photon energy of excitation, providing
ammunition for metabolism broadly. We have a
direct, measurable pathway through our mitochondria
to support this energetic density, by extracting the
light and electrons from our food, and delivering them
to oxygen and the body water, ultimately converting
the energy to a receptive and usable form. As
presented previously (EDALC 2011: Mitochondrial
disruption in cancer--clinical assessment and support),
we have already developed "the metabolic tune-up."
Starting with assessment and support of the essential
elements--the placeholders, the catalysts and
cofactors, the structure by which to capture light and
electrons, we must then assure the "basic process" as
described by Erwin Bauer is in motion. As we
maintain the living structure, energized, coordinated
and supported by light-filled water domains, we give
rise to coherence, reduction-oxidation interplay,
autonomic nervous system balance, ability to ebb and
flow, give and take, build and concentrate, and again,
target internal buoyancy as the goal. The clinical
question becomes "how strongly can we support one's
energetic constitution?"
In research, of particular need is expansion of
methods to capture and confirm the underlying
energetic density and interplay, already alluded to in
so many measurable ways. Help is needed to answer
the increasing numbers of questions arising from the
traditional research infrastructure, all collaborating our
energetic model. Examples from fields including
cancer research and embryology will be briefly
presented, along with some of the measurement
methods currently in use. Ideas for future directions
of research and needs will be further outlined.
Finally, in education, we need to pilot "The Lecture
Series" for Integrative Biophysical Medicine. As
previously recognized, little exists in traditional lifescience education by way of an organized, complete
overview of our energetic frame of reference. A
proposed curriculum will be briefly outlined in hopes
for feedback to facilitate the paradigm shift now
unquestionably upon us.
Whole universities and research foundations need now
to initiate concerted investigation. We need help. The
time is now. A tangible organized model with which
to move forward in medicine is upon us.
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
19
Posters
1. CORTICAL OSCILLATION RELATED TO
BINOCULAR VISION
M. Czaińska1, A. Przekoracka – Krawczyk1,
R. Van der Lubbe2, 3
1
Laboratory of Vision Science and Optometry, Faculty of Physics,
Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznan, Poland
2
phases of processing, in the area of occipital, parietal
and medial-frontal cortex.
Strong cortical activity which deals with binocular
viewing should not be interpreted only as binocular
visual cells activity in the primary visual cortex. EEG
method seems to be effective in measuring binocular
interaction and maturity of brain cortex in normal, as
well as in strabismic subjects.
Cognitive Psychology and Ergonomics, University of Twente,
Enschede, the Netherlands
3
Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Finance and
Management, Warsaw, Poland
In normal humans, binocular sensitivity has been
shown to be superior to monocular sensitivity.
Similarly, cortical visual evoked potentials (VEPs)
evoked by binocular stimulation are generally larger in
amplitude than those evoked by monocular
stimulation − binocular summation or facilitation
phenomenon. Is it believed that binocular summation
is the effect of binocular cells activity located in the
primary visual cortex. However, the involvement of
other brain areas in binocular interaction is still under
debate. The aim of the study was to examine
activation of the higher cortical regions in response to
binocular viewing. Using multichannel EEG and timefrequency analysis, interaction between different brain
areas related to binocular viewing, could be indicated.
Twelve young subjects with corrected refractive errors
and no inter-ocular suppression were examined.
Cortical activity was measured with 64 channels
(Quick Amp). Reversed pattern checkerboard (box
size 15’) was presented with 1 Hz frequency. Three
different visual conditions (dominant eye (DE), non
dominant eye (NDE), both eyes (BE)) were tested.
Wavelet analyses were performed to explore the
neuronal synchronization of different brain regions.
When viewing with DE, strong activation in the area
of occipital cortex and weak oscillations in the parietal
and frontal regions were found in the study. NDE
condition was related to significant cortical activation,
but only in the occipital areas.
Binocular interaction was related to increase in τ (4 −
7Hz), α (8 − 13Hz), β (16 − 25Hz) and γ (45 − 80Hz)
oscillations, in the area of whole occipital (visual),
middle parietal, and middle anterior part of frontal
cortex. The increase in high frequency oscillations (β,
γ) when weaving with both eyes, was observed in the
area of occipito-parietal cortex, but only in the early
and medium processing stages. The increase in lower
frequency oscillations (α) related to binocular
viewing, was found in the area of occipital and
parietal cortex, in early and medium time windows.
Additionally, α − rhythms in the medial-frontal region
occurred in the medium time window. τ-power
increased in early, medium, as well as in the late
2. TDDFT COMPUTATIONS OF THE
ELECTRONIC SPECTRA OF BENZODIFURAN
DERIVATIVES IN SOLVENTS
D. Kędziera, P. Czachorowski, M. J. Bosiak
Department of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun,
Poland
Density Functional Theory computations of
spectroscopic properties (absorption and emission
spectra) of benzodifuran derivatives were performed.
Several density functionals (BP, B3-LYP, CAMB3LYP and PBE0) were tested and the results were
compared with the experimental UV-Vis data. Linear
response (LR) and state specific (SS) variants of the
polarizable continuum model (PCM) were applied to
investigate its influence on obtained results. Finally,
accuracy of the results were correlated with the shape
of HOMO and LUMO orbitals of the given
benzodifuran derivative.
3. POWER SPECTRA CALCULATED BY
MEANS OF FOURIER TRANSFORM,
WAVELET TRANSFORM AND
AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL
IN ANALYSIS OF ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC
SIGNALS
A. Kitlas Golińska
Department of Medical Informatics, University of Bialystok, Poland
Electromyography (EMG) is a technique for
evaluating electrical activity and properties of the
muscles. It is used to diagnose many neuromuscular
diseases.
The aim of this study is to preliminary analyze EMG
signals by means of power spectra obtained from:
classical spectral method based on Fourier transform,
method based on wavelet transform and method based
on autoregressive modeling.
Spectral analysis is based on application of Fourier
transform in order to decompose signals into
sinusoidal components with fixed frequencies. The
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
power spectrum yields the information about
frequencies occurring in signals and the dominant
frequency for these signals. For estimating the power
spectrum we used Welch method.
Wavelet analysis allows to analyze simultaneously
time and frequency contents of signals. It is achieved
by fixing a function called mother wavelet (e.g.
Morlet wavelet) and decomposing the signal into
shifted and scaled versions of this function. It allows
to precisely distinguish local characteristics of signals.
Computing wavelet power spectrum one can obtain
the information about occurring frequencies as well as
when these frequencies occur.
In autoregressive model signal is represented as a
linear combination of its prior samples with a
prediction error. To calculate the power spectrum
three steps are necessary: estimation of approximate
model order (mostly by means of the Akaike
information criterion), estimation of model
coefficients and then estimation of the power
spectrum.
Selected EMG signals were obtained from Physionet.
EMG recordings came from three subjects: healthy,
one with myopathy and one with neuropathy. EMG
records were obtained using needle electrode placed in
tibialis anterior muscle. Subjects dorsiflexed the foot
against resistance and the needle electrode was
repositioned until motor unit potentials with a rapid
rise time were identified. EMG signals were recorded
at 50 KHz, downsampled to 4 KHz and two analog
filters were used: a 20 Hz high-pass filter and a 5 KHz
low-pass filter.
Based on the obtained results we can determine that in
healthy subject there are no peaks in the graph of the
power spectrum and it decreases with the increase of
frequency. In unhealthy subjects there are peaks
present (e.g. approximately 200 Hz, 500 Hz),
indicating additional structure in the signal.
Classical methods of signal analysis (e.g. methods
based on Fourier transform) are still frequently used,
because we can obtain basic information, but it seems
that nonlinear methods are more adequate. So next
step is to apply some of nonlinear methods (e.g. DFA
method, Poincaré plot) to larger groups of subjects.
4. DEACTIVVATING MYOFASCIAL TRIGGER
POINTS APPLYING STATIC MAGNETIC
FIELD
J. Jutrzenka – Jesion¹, D. Hojan – Jezierska¹,²
20
M. Chochowska³
¹Stanisław Staszic State School of Higher Vocational Education in
Pila
²Karol Marcinkowski Medical University in Poznan
³College of Education and Therapy in Poznan
Myofascial pain syndrome is defined as sensory,
motor and autonomic disorder caused by the
occurrence of trigger points (TrP). TrPs are highly
irritable spots within hypertonic tissues, which under
pressure manifest themselves through radiating or
referred pain. Their etiology is multiple.
In literature both Polish and foreign a shortage of
reports on the possibilities of deactivating TrPs
through exposure to static magnetic field can be
noticed. Hence the aim of current research is an
attempt at answering the question whether static
magnetic field can change the activity of TrPs.
The influence of static magnetic fields on living
organisms results from influence of the field on
uncompensated electron spins, diamagnetic molecules
and moving electric charges. The most important
influence is direct analgetic action to remove pain.
The analgetic action lasts even after a therapy is
finished. 16 volunteers in age from 20 years old up to
30 years old were tested. All of them had manually
identified myofascial trigger points. The whole group
was tested with use of the static magnetic fields
(MagneticUnit discs). Preliminary research results
proves high effectiveness of the influence of static
magnetic fields on myofascial trigger points.
5. EFFECTS OF MAGNETOSTIMULATION ON
HEMOREOLOGICAL PROPERTIES IN
PATIENTS WITH BACKPAIN
A. Marcinkowska − Gapińska, P. Kowal
Rheological
Laboratory,
Department
of
Neurology,
Karol
Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
Magnetostimulation is one of the techniques used in
physiotherapy [1]. Hemorheology deals with
phenomena accompanying blood flow in vessels and
analysis of the processes accompanying this flow: red
cells aggregation and deformation [2, 3]. The aim of
current studies was to evaluate the effect of
magnetostimulation on hemorheological properties in
patients with back pain. Blood samples from 5 patients
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
suffering from strong back pain were taken before and
aftera series of 5 magnetostimulation sessions
performed by means of the large applicator of the
Viofor JPS instrument using the M1P2 program of
intensity “2”. For each blood sample the flow curve
was measured in the range of shear rates γ’ from 100
to 0.01 (descending order) in a 5 minute period by
means of the rotary-oscillatory rheometer Contraves
LS40. Apart from that oscillatory measurements were
applied to obtain the complex blood viscosity η* with
its components: viscous η’ and elastic η’’ at constant
frequency f = 0.5 Hz in a decreasing order of shear
amplitude γ’0. Plasma viscosity was calculated from a
linear fit to its flow curve.. For each blood sample the
hematocrit value was measured using the standard
method. All patients donated blood twice: before the
therapy and after 5 sessions of stimulations with
variable magnetic field of low frequency. The rotary
measurement results were analyzed by means of
rheological Quemada model in order to quantify red
cells aggregability and deformability [3, 4]. The
following parameters were compared: hematocrit
value, plasma viscosity, whole blood viscosity at four
chosen shear rates, Quemada model parameters: k0
(measure of red cells aggregability), k∞ (measure of
red cells stiffness) and γ’c (measure of red cells
tendency to aggregate), as well as the components of
the complex viscosity η*: viscous (η’) and elastic
(η’’). As a result of magnetostimulation the following
changes were found: decrease of the whole blood
viscosity, decrease of plasma viscosity, decrease of
red cells aggregability and improvement of red cells
deformability. Evaluation of the oscillatory
measurements data indicates a decrease of both elastic
and viscous component of the complex blood
viscosity. More accurate quantitative analysis would
require a larger group of patients.
[1] Sieroń A., Zastosowanie pól magnetycznych w
medycynie (red. Sieroń A.); α-medica press; BielskoBiała, 2002.
[2] Chmiel H. (1979) Determination of blood rheological
parameters and clinical application. Advan. In
Cardiovas. Physics. 3:1 – 44.
[3] Lerche D., Bäumler H., Kucera W., Meier W.,
Paulitschke M., Flow properties of blood and
hemoreological methods of quantification. W Physical
Characterization of Biological cells. Basic research and
clinic relevance. Red. W. Scütt, H. Klinkmann, I.
Lamprecht, T. Wilson, Verlag Gesundheit GmbH
Berlin 1991, 189 – 214.
[4] Quemada D. (1981) A rheological model for studying
the hematocrit dependence of red cell - red cell and red
cell - and red cell - protein interactions in blood,
Biorheology, 18:501 – 516.
21
6. AUTOIMMUNE ILLNESSES IN THE MORA
kHz RESONANCE DIAGNOSTICS
K. P. Michalak
Department of Biophysics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences,
Poland
Autoimmune illnesses are the set of chronic illnesses
that cause significant medical, economical,
sociological and psychological problems. The patients
suffer from the symptoms of the illness for many
years. The factors initiating the illness are as a rule not
known. The treatment of autoimmune illnesses is
long-lasting and expensive.
The MORA-bioresonance diagnostic method was
developed by Franz Morrel and Erich Rasche. They
have built the commercial device MORA (Med-Tronic
GmbH, EN ISO 13485, EN ISO 9001). The idea of the
method is the registering of the signals in the
frequency range 1 − 100kHz that are emitted by
different vitamins, trace elements, toxins, pathogens or
tissues by using very sensitive AD-card. These signals
are characterized by the increase in the impedance of
about 10% − 30% if they are transmitted through the
human body and the given pathology exists in the
organism. The human body can be treated as the
frequency-specific filter for the applied signal. The
impedance increase of the tissue is observed only up
to the given amplification of the applied signal. The
highest amplification of the given signal being
successively damped by the body points to the amount
of energy, the body is able to absorb. It makes it
possible to conclude about the intensity of the given
process in the body. The possible mechanism of the
spectrum-specific absorption can be explained by
using the Quantum Field Theory applied to the
structure of the water. The very high coincidence
between the frequencies of the rotation of free quasiexcited electrons in the coherent domains of the water
and the frequencies being used in the MORA
diagnostics is observed. These frequencies lie in the
proximity of f = 7kHz i (i = 1, 3, 5, 7,…). 843 patients
suffering from different symptoms were examined
using MORA-bioresonance diagnostic test in years
2008 − 2013. The signal ‘autoimmune illnesses’ has
resonated at 190 of them. 66 of them were diagnosed
by academic medicine to have a given autoimmune
illness. Remaining 124 patients possessed different
non-specific symptoms which did not fulfill the
diagnostic criteria for the given autoimmune illness.
The following conclusions were drawn based on the
statistical analysis: Energy deficiency in the cell and
oxidative stress are strongly involved in the
autoimmune pathology. Antioxidants’ deficiency (vit.
E, Mn, Zn, Fe, Se, Cystein, Glutamine, Glutathione)
are common in the chronic autoimmune patients.
Fungosis and wheat gluten are especially involved in
intestine
dysbiosis
generation
followed
by
malabsorption of important nutrients. Cellular defense
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
system is often deteriorated. The deficiency of folic
acid and Vit. B12, necessary for cell division, is often
met. Egg white, gluten of barley, milk, oat and rye are
the often allergens. Co-Infections (fungosis,
borreliosis, EBV, Cytomegalie, parasites) are often
met at autoimmune patients. Many trace elements,
vitamins and amino acids are deficient. Low-level
toxin charge (e.g. Lindan, Pyrethrum, Lead, Arsenic,
Mercury,
PCB,
Polyaromated
hydrocarbons,
Xyladecor),
chronic
extracellular
acidosis,
putrefactive and fermentative processes in the
intestine, accompany autoimmune illnesses. Latent
autoimmune pathology is often involved in the
occurrence of different non-specific symptoms.
7. PROCEDURE FOR THE KREBS CYCLE
METABOLISM PROFILING IN CANCERS
USING MORA-kHz RESONANCE
DIAGNOSTICS
K. P. Michalak
Department of Biophysics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences,
Poland
Since the decreased activity of tricarboxylic acid cycle
(TCA) enzymes and the oxidative phosphorylation
cytochrome chain (OXPHOS) have been found in the
specific types of cancers, the profiling of the cancer
metabolism can bring valuable information concerning
the treatment of the cancer.
The new method for the profiling of the cancer
metabolism is proposed that is based on the Mora-kHz
diagnostic tool. The human body can be treated as the
frequency-specific filter for the applied signal. The
impedance increase of the tissue is observed only up
to the given amplification of the applied signal. The
highest amplification of the given signal being
damped by the body points to the amount of energy,
the body is able to absorb.
The idea of the presented method is to amplify the
kHz signals generated by TCA metabolites and to
conduct these signals through the human body. These
signals are postulated to be characterized by the
increase in the impedance of about 10% − 30% if the
amount of the given TCA metabolite is in the
imbalance. Additionally, the signals of TCA ampoules
can be mixed with signal from the Mora-diagnostic
test representing the given kind of tumor or given kind
of cell degeneration. The modification of the
amplification of the mixed signal when compared to
the amplifications of the individual ones can probably
point to the lack or overdose of the given TCA
metabolite in the cancer cell.
The following elementary kinds of signal interaction
are observed:
- both the TCA metabolite, tumor signal and their
mixture resonate. The amplification of the mixed
signal is approximately equal to the sum of
22
amplifications of the individual signals. This situation
corresponds to the lack of interference between TCA
metabolite and tumor. The amount of the given TCA
metabolite is probably increased in the cancer and/or
in the healthy cells.
- both the TCA metabolite and tumor signal
resonate, but their mixture does not. This situation
corresponds to the significant interference between the
TCA metabolite signal and tumor signal. The TCA
metabolite signal possesses the normalizing influence
on the tumor signal, suggesting the insufficient
amount of the given metabolite in the cancer cells.
- The resonance of the mixture of signals vanishes
only up to the amplification that is smaller than the
amplification of the tumor signal. This situation
corresponds to the partial interference between the
TCA metabolite signal and tumor signal. The TCA
metabolite signal possesses the partial normalizing
influence on the tumor signal.
- The TCA metabolite does not resonate but it
possesses the some normalizing effect on the tumor
signal. This situation corresponds probably to the
normal concentration of the given TCA metabolite in
the cancer cell, its application can, however, probably
modify the cancer cell metabolism.
Thus, the procedure of the cancer metabolism
profiling must consist of 3 steps:
- searching for the most strongly resonating tumor
signal;
- determining the amplification of the individual
TCA metabolites;
- determining the resonance profile of the mixed
signals consisting of the individual TCA metabolite
and the tumor signal;
The suggested insufficient or overdosed amount of
the successive TCA metabolites can point to activity
of the individual TCA enzymes. The results obtained
using presented method must be compared with other
methods estimating the amount of the TCA
metabolites in the cancer cell.
8. MAGNETIC LABELING OF CELLS
AND BIOMOLECULES. MAGNETIC
CARRIERS
E. Miękoś, M. Zieliński, D. Szczukocki,
B. Krawczyk
Laboratory of Environmental Threats, Department of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz,
Tamka Street 12, 91 – 403 Lodz, Poland
Magnetobiology is a new multidisciplinary domain
with contributions coming from fields as diverse as
physics and medicine. Its mainstay, however, is
biophysics [1]. There is still no magnetobiological
theory, or rather its general physical treatments, or
predictive theoretical models. A low-frequency
magnetic field permeates a living matter without any
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
apparent hindrances. It affects all the particles of the
tissue, but not all of the particles are involved in the
process of the transferring of information about the
magnetic field to the biological level. Primary
processes of the interaction of a magnetic field with
matter particles, such as electrons, atoms, and
molecules, are purely physical processes. Charged
particles of living matter, ions, that take part in
biophysical and biochemical processes seem to be
intermediaries in the transfer of magnetic field signals
to the next biochemical level.
Magnetic labeling of cells and biomolecules can be
accomplished with the use of magnetic carriers,
henceforth referred to as MPs [2]. Magnetic labeling
has found extensive application in life science
research, clinical diagnostics, and therapeutics. Most
MPs are based on inorganic magnetic materials,
primarily iron oxides. For their use in biotechnology,
these MPs are either coated with or embedded into
matrix materials such as polymers and silica and are
then typically referred to as composite particles. Most
applications utilize composite magnetic nano- or
microparticles with sizes between 50 nm and 10 µm,
although even very large MPs that are 800 µm in
diameter have been used for the magnetic separation
of α-amylases from porcine pancreas, starchdegrading enzymes, and wheat germ [3].
In this theoretical study a prototypical model
accounting for magnetic field effects in enzyme
reactions is discussed (Fig.1). Magnetic field influence
is exerted on the recombination probability of a
transient radical pair that is generated within the
enzyme reaction cycle.
Fig. 1. Magnetic field effect on the enzyme reaction rate,
vF – function of magnetic induction (in percent) [%],
B – magnetic induction (in milliTesla) [mT].
The magnetic components include inorganic magnetic
materials such as the iron oxides magnetite Fe3O4,
maghemite γ − Fe2O3, and mixtures thereof. Metallic
iron, cobalt, nickel, and alloys thereof can also be used
[4 − 6]. Lorentz force (F) generated as a result of the
exposure to Constant Magnetic Fields caused
electrolyte movements. The Nernst diffusion layer δD
was depleted, while a new Navier-Stokes
hydrodynamic layer δH appeared (Fig. 2).
23
The presented considerations concerned obviously the
flat surface of the working electrode, and the Constant
Magnetic Fields was parallel to the working electrode
surface.
Fig. 2. Reduction in the Nernst diffusion layer thickness δD
near the working electrode surface under the influence of
Constant Magnetic Field, and formation of the NavierStokes hydrodynamic layer δH.
In addition to size, structure, magnetic moment and
magnetic properties, the most important parameters
are surface charge, surface hydrophobicity and
hydrophilicity, porosity, and the type and density of
reacting surface groups [2]. Chemically reactive
groups on the surface are used for covalent
immobilization of affinity ligands and target
biomolecules.
[1] Binhi V. N., Magnetobiology. Underlying
Physical Problems, Elsevier Science Ltd., 2002.
[2] Kronmuller H., Parkin S., Handbook of
Magnetism and Advanced Magnetic Materials.,
Vol. 4 (Novel Materials), John Wiley & Sons
Ltd., 2007.
[3] Teotia S., Gupta M. N. (2001) Purification of
alpha-amylases using magnetic alginate beads,
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 90: 211
– 220.
[4] Zieliński M., Miękoś E. (2008) Influence of
constant magnetic field on the electrodeposition
of Co-Mo-W alloys”, Journal of Applied
Electrochemistry, 38(12):1771 – 1778.
[5] Szmaja W., Kozłowski W., Polański K., Balcerski
J., Cichomski M., Grobelny J., Zieliński M.,
Miękoś E. (2012) Study of the morphological and
magnetic structures of nanocrystalline cobalt
films obtained by electrodeposition, Materials
Chemistry and Physics, 132(2-3):1060 – 1064.
[6] Szmaja W., Kozłowski W., Polański K..,
Balcerski J., Cichomski M., Grobelny J., Zieliński
M., Miękoś E. (2012) Investigation of thick cobalt
films electrodeposited on gold substrates,
Chemical Physics Letters, 542:117 – 122.
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
9. EFFECT OF THE VARIABLE MAGNETIC
FIELD, PULSED RED LIGHT AND THEIR
COMBINATION ON REACTIVE OXYGEN
SPECIES PRODUCTION BY NEUTROPHILES
IN VITRO
H. Nawrocka − Bogusz, F. Jaroszyk
Department of Biophysics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences,
Poland
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of
the pulsed red light (630 nm), variable magnetic field
of ELF range and their combination on reactive
oxygen species (ROS) production by neutrophiles in
vitro. Neutrophils are phagocyte cells. Their basic
function is the destruction of phagocytised
microorganisms by using one of intercellular
mechanisms called respiratory burst. The mechanism
of the respiratory burst consists of tenfold increase in
the consumption of oxygen, as well as in the
production and release of large quantities of
superoxide radical anion (O2) outside the cell.
Dismutation of this radical results in the hydrogen
peroxide which was the object of interest of this
research. Detection of the H2O2 was made by the
analysis of fluorescence of DCFH-DA (2'7'dichlorofluorescin diacetate) probe via the flow
cytometry. The fluorescent dye diffuses into the cell
and is converted in the presence of e.g. H2O2 to the
DCF (2'7'-dichlorofluorescin). The intensity of DCF
fluorescence refers to the quantity of produced
hydrogen peroxide. The respiratory burst was induced
with PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate).
Blood from healthy volunteers was used for the
purpose of the study (10 people for each physical
factor). Lithium heparin was used as the anticoagulant.
Samples were irradiated by the pulsed red light or
placed in the variable magnetic field for 30 minutes.
Combination of the red light and variable magnetic
field was used as third factor influencing on ROS
production by neutrophils in vitro.
Physiotherapy treatment device Viofor JPS was used
as a generator of the red light and the variable
magnetic field. The mean induction of the variable
magnetic field equaled 26.7, 44.5 and 89µT. The
values of densities of the red light energy were: 1.12,
1.17 and 1.19 [J/cm2]. The fundamental frequency of
pulses of magnetic field/red light was 180 ÷ 195 Hz.
The pulses were administered in the form of packets
of pulses (12.5 ÷ 29 Hz), groups of packages (2.8 ÷
7.6 Hz) and series (0.08 ÷ 0.3 Hz). The form of
impulses was close to the peak-shaped. M1P2
program was applied in accordance with Viofor JPS
device designation, which means that the chosen
intensity of the magnetic field or the red light was
constant during the whole application time. We
observed that the magnetic field does not cause
statistically significant changes in hydrogen peroxide
24
production by unstimulated and PMA-stimulated
neutrophils. The red light caused statistically
significant decrease of the respiratory burst of
unstimulated and PMA-stimulated neutrophils for all
used light energy densities with the exception of
irradiation of PMA-stimulated cells when density of
energy equalled 1.17 [J/cm2]. The combination of the
red light and the variable magnetic field caused
statistically significant decrease in H2O2 production of
neutrophils for almost all used magnetic field
inductions and light energy densities. There was no
synergism effect when the variable magnetic field and
the red light was applied at the same time. A variety of
autoimmune, inflammatory or airway diseases are
mediated in some part by neutrophils (gout,
rheumatoid arthritis, pleurisy, asthma etc.). Activated
neutrophils are one of the main sources of ROS in the
organism. The home therapy such as application of the
pulsed red light or variable magnetic field combined
with red light could be also used to potentially
decrease of neutrophils activity contributing to the
improvement of health.
10. DISPERSION OF ELECTRIC
CONDUCTIVITY AND DIELECTRIC
PERMITTIVITY OF PATHOLOGICALLY
CHANGED VEINS (VENA SAPHENA MAGNA)
M. Pankowska1, E. Pankowski2, A. Gierszewska2,
L. Kubisz2
1
CITK, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
2
Department of Biophysics, University of Medical Sciences,
Poznan, Poland
Disorders of veins are common clinical problems,
90% of which comprise varicose veins or
phlebothrombosis. Primary varicose vein wall changes
take place mainly in the central membrane, which
occurs to reduce the number of muscle fibers which
affects the elongation and tension of the vein wall.
Areas of intimal hyperplasia and smooth muscle cell
proliferation are often noted in varicose veins,
although regions of atrophy are also present. The total
elastin content in varicose as opposed to non-varicose
veins is reduced; changes in overall collagen content
are uncertain. In clinical practice, to assess the venous
system most widely used technique is ultrasound
Doppler. Venous disease of the legs can be classified
according to the severity, cause, site and specific
abnormality using the CEAP classification. Use of
such a classification improves the accuracy of the
diagnosis.
The aim of our study was to determine the electrical
properties of the vein wall for the great saphenous
vein characterised as C2.
The extracted vein was divided into 6 even parts.
Number one means the most proximal part of the vein.
From every part the 10 mm diameter circle was
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
prepared and immersed in the capacitor. The single
measurement was held in the fixed temperature. In the
range of frequencies from 100 Hz do 5 MHz the
electric conductivity dispersion is observed for all of
vein parts. It indicate the linear dependence on the
electric field frequency. The increase of conductivity
is greatest for the fourth and smallest for the third part
of vein.
All parts of vein indicate significant dispersion of
dielectric permittivity ε’ in the range of frequencies
from 100 Hz to about 100 kHz. In this range
permittivity decreases almost exponentially. The
greatest changes were for the first part, the smallest
for the third one.
In turn for the ε″ dispersion the greatest change was
for fourth part and the smallest for the third one.
There was also the temperature dependence of electric
conductivity observed. It is consider to be connected
with the thermal denaturation of proteins.
At this stage of investigations it can be concluded:
- the heterogeneity of the pathological changes
along the vein
- the greatest changes of electric conductivity
and ε″ for the upper part of vein
- the smallest changes of above functions for
the middle part of vein
The next step of investigations is to determine the
dependence of electric properties on the pathological
changes in veins.
25
used to predict the ribose global minimum. The
calculated most favored ribofuranose, put 10.4 kJ/mol
higher in ∆G than the global minimum, is the α −
anomer with the C2 − endo ring conformation and
cooperative arrangement of three intramolecular H −
bonds. By contrast with D − ribose, the lowest energy
2 − deoxy − D − ribose is the α − pyranose, featuring
the 1C4 ring chair and two intramolecular H − bonds,
with the most stable furanose (the α-anomer) being
only 6.2 kJ/mol higher in free energy. Our results
show that maximization of intramolecular H −
bonding is the major factor determining the most
stable cyclic conformers. For both C5 sugars, the open
− chain isomers are significantly higher in energy than
the cyclic forms. The NBO analysis of the anomeric
effect is consistent with the associated stabilization of
not only the most favored pyranoses but also lowestlying furanoses. A good overall agreement is observed
between the M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) and MP2/6311++G(d,p) calculated structures.
12. THE MODYFICATION OF APPARATUS
FOR TASTE EXAMINATION
T. Świdziński1, A. Obrębowski2, P. Świdziński2,
K. Linkowska – Świdzińska3
1
Department of Biophysics, University of Medical Sciences,
Collegium Maius, Fredry 10, 61 – 701 Poznan, Poland
2
11. CONFORMATIONAL STUDIES OF GASPHASE RIBOSE AND 2-DEOXYRIBOSE BY
DENSITY FUNCTIONAL, SECOND ORDER PT
AND MULTI-LEVEL METHOD
CALCULATIONS: THE PYRANOSES,
FURANOSES AND OPEN-CHAIN
STRUCTURES
M. Szczepaniak, J. Moc
Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14,
50 – 383 Wroclaw, Poland
We present an extensive computational study of a
complex conformational isomerism of two gas phase
C5 sugars of biological and astrobiological
importance, D − ribose and 2 − deoxy − D − ribose.
Both cyclic and open-chain isomers have been probed
using M06 − 2X density functional, second order
Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) and multilevel G4 methods. This study revealed a multitude of
existing conformers. In agreement with the recent gasphase microwave (MW) investigation of Cocinero et
al., the calculated free ribose isomers of lowest energy
are two β − pyranoses with the 1C4 and 4C1 ring chair
conformations. Both β − pyranoses which feature
cooperative systems of three intramolecular O-H…O
hydrogen bonds lie within 0.9 kJ/mol in terms of
∆G(298K)(G4), thus challenge the theoretical methods
Clinic of Phoniatry and Audiology, 2-d Clinic of University of
Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60 –815 Poznan, Poland
3
Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of
Medical Sciences, Collegium Stomatologicum, Bukowska 70,
60 – 812 Poznan, Poland
Since 1958, when Krarup published his first basic
paper on the use of galvanic current for qualitative
examination of taste, many apparatuses have been
constructed [3]. The first Polish apparatus of the type ,
called electrogustometer, was built in Poznan Clinic of
Otolaryngology at the beginning of 1960 and the first
research results were published by Pruszewicz et al in
1964 [1]. Batteries of various voltage (4, 5 up to 100
V) constitute the source of electrical current in such
apparatus, the measuring tool is a micro ammeter and
the set of large resistors in the circuit for examining
the taste decreases the resistance of human body to a
negligible value therefore this resistance does not have
any significant influence on the results obtained. The
amperage needed to evoke the sensation of taste is
expressed in µA, in electric gust units (According to
Krarup) or on a logarithmic scale in dB (Tomita,
Rollin). The time of stimulation should be from 0.5 to
1 second. When the stimulation is longer or shorter,
the threshold of taste elevates. In order to verify the
results one might also examine the sensitivity
threshold of the trigeminal nerve by placing the
electrode in the central line, about 2.5 cm from the tip
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
of the tongue. The threshold values of the latter
stimulation are age dependent and in healthy people
the values may vary from 15 to 120µA. The
differences between left and right half of the tongue
which exceed 20 µA are considered to be pathological
[1].
It seems that the effect of pH on the surface of the
tongue causes inaccurate results of the analysis of
taste by means of electrogustometer.
AIM: The aim of the work was to assess the effect of
pH on the surface of the tongue on the changes of
thresholds of sense of taste measured by means of
electrogustometer established by Pruszewicz in
compare to modified self constructed electronic
apparatus [1, 2, 3, 4].
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five patients whose
sense of taste remained within the norm (established
by Pruszewicz) participated in the experiment. The
thresholds of taste sensation were measured by
electrogustometer and by self constructed electronic
apparatus. The scope of obtained pH on the tongue
remained between 4 and 7.5. For the pH
measurements, the indicator strips pH 1 – 10 were
used. In order to create the proper acid pH on the
surface of the tongue, the patients washed their
mouths with citric acid and Coca Cola, whereas in
order to achieve a more basic pH bicarbonate of soda
and Listerine – the mouth rinsing were used.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Increasing and
decreasing (in compare to physiological level) pH
strongly influences the threshold of taste which is
higher in both cases. This tendency is particularly
visible by comparing the thresholds of taste measured
by self constructed electronic apparatus because of
significant lower standard deviation of results.
The new electronic method developed for stimulating
receptors in the area of surface of the tong allows for
the registration of gustatory core potentials.
[1] Zakrzewski A., Pruszewicz A. Metody badania
smaku. Zaburzenia smaku; in: A. ZAKRZEWSKI
Laryngologia kliniczna, PZWL, W-wa, 231 –
236. 1981.
[2] Pruszewicz A. W sprawie badania powonienia i
smaku Otolaryng. Pol., 19: 18 – 29, 1965.
[3] Krarup B.(1958) Electrogustometry: A Method of
Clinical „Taste Examination”. Acta Otolaryng.
(Stockh.) 49: 294 – 312.
[4] Obrębowski A., Pruszewicz A., BarańczykowaA
Z., Flieger S. (1975) Wczesne i odległe zmiany w
czynności narządu powonienia i smaku w
następstwie złamań kości
twarzo-czaszki
Otolaryng. Pol. 30(191): 11 – 15.
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13. A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE
FREQUENCY SPECRTUM OF THE
RADIATION EMITTED BY CYTOCHROME
OXIDASE ENZYMES
J. A. Tuszyński1, J. M. Dixon2
1
Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta,
Canada T6G 2J1
2
Department of Physics, The University of Warwick, Coventry,
CV4 7AL, UK
A physical model is proposed which provides a
quantitative analysis of the energy emitted by proton
flows through mitochondrial walls. The model
developed is based on biochemical and biophysical
properties of the enzyme cytochrome oxidase and in
particular the embedded heme groups that are
involved in the electron ferrying mechanism. The
estimates of the energies at approximately 1.1eV and
corresponding wavelengths of the near infra-red
radiation generated, with a peak close to 900 nm,
agree extremely well with experimental values. The
basic idea in the mechanism proposed is that the
passage of a proton through the mitochondrial wall’s
gate is linked with the creation of a virtual protonelectron pair in an excited state of a hydrogen atom.
The electron is temporarily removed from the enzyme
when the proton arrives at the gate and is subsequently
deposited back at the enzyme’s acceptor site when the
proton leaves the gate. This model provides a partial
explanation of a series of experiments conducted by
G. Albrecht Buehler and elucidates the origin of
biophotons.
14. CLINICAL, NEUROPATHOLOGICAL AND
MOLECULAR EFFECTS OF MACROTUBULEASSOCIATED TAN PROTEIN (MAPT) GENE
MUTATIONS (N279K, P301L AND
T>C3’E10+11) RESPONSIBLE FOR
FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA AND
PARKINSON LINKED TO CHROMOSOME 17
(FTDP-17)
K. Wiatr1, K. Pawełek1, A. Kowalska1, 2
1
Dept. of Nucleic Acids Function, Institute of Human Genetics
Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
2
Dev. Biology of Civilization Diseases, Dept. of Chemistry and
Clinical Biochemistry, Poznan Univ. of Medical Sciences, Poznan,
Poland
FTDP-17 is a tauopathy, a neurodegenerative disorder
associated with dementia and caused by an aberrant
metabolism of Macrotubule− Associated Tau Protein
(MAPT) which is involved into intracellular transport
along neuronal axon. To date, over 50 pathogenic
mutations in the MAPT gene responsible for FTDP −
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
17 have been identified. Different mutations have
multiple effects on the biology and function of the
MAPT.
To contribute to our knowledge about MAPT gene
mutations in etiology of FTDP-17 and to estimate a
link between their localization within the gene and
clinical phenotype/severity of disease course, we
screened for MAPT gene mutations in a cohort of 7
patients with autosomal dominant FTDP-17. Genomic
DNA was isolated from samples of frozen brain
tissues. A PCR-SSCP method with subsequent DNA
sequencing was applied. An exon-trapping analysis
was performed to evaluate molecular effects
molecular effects of mutations. The three following
MAPT gene mutations: N279K, P301L and T>C
3’E10+11were found. The mutations were localized in
different regions of the exon 10: N279K mutation at
the 5’end of the exon 10, P301L mutation at the 3’end
of exon 10, and T>C 3’E10+11 mutation in a stem
loop in the 3’ intron of exon 10. In exon-trapping
analysis, all mutations caused an increase in the
production of transcripts containing exon 10 of the
MAPT gene. They influenced on a regulation of an
alternative splicing process of the exon 10. But there
were differences in a proportion of 3Rtau and 4Rtau
isoforms (leading to formation of tau filaments/
aggregates in brain). Moreover, the mutations
determined a various age of onset (44 − 59 y.) and
duration (6 − 16 y.) of the disease. A spectrum of
clinical symptoms (phenotypes) and neuropathogical
hallmarks was observed among carriers of the
particular mutations. Clinical, neuropathological and
molecular effects of N279K, P301L and T>C
3’E10+11 mutations are varied and seem to be
dependent on both their localization within MAPT
gene and other still fully unknown factors.
27
including
in
medicine:
UVF
treatments,
electrophoresis, and so on.
Electrochemical means of cyclic voltammetry (CV)
have been performed to characterize the SAMs (SelfAssembled Monolayers). Based on careful
electrochemical analysis of CVs, it was found that L −
cysteine performed the better electrochemical
response at 8 h (Fig. 1). The magnetic induction (B)
applied during measurements ranged from 0 to 1,2 T,
and the magnetic induction vector was parallel to the
surface of the working (gold, disk) electrode [3].
Lorentz magnetic forces (F) under the experimental
conditions resulted in the motion of the electrolyte
being tangential to the working electrode surface and
perpendicular to the magnetic induction vector (B)
(Fig. 2). A laminar and unidirectional (x − direction)
flow of electrolyte was assumed. A Navier-Stokes
hydrodynamic layer (δH) was formed, resulting in a
reduction in the diffusion layer (δD).
Fig. 1. Showed CV for 1mM K3Fe(CN)6 containing 0,1M
KCl at a) a clean Au electrode; b) A Au electrode modified
with nano-A; c) L – cysteine self-assembled to the nano-Au
electrode; d) L – cysteine SAM to the nano-Au in B=
1000mT.
15. MAGNETOELECTROCHEMICAL
INVESTIGATION OF CYCLIC
VOLTAMMETRY OF L – CYSTEINE.
MAGNETIC SEPARATION
M. Zieliński, E. Miękoś, R. Dałkowski, R. Juszczak
Laboratory of Environmental Threats, Department of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz,
Tamka Street 12, 91 – 403 Lodz, Poland
Electromagnetic fields (EMF) are known to cause
biological effects within a wide range of amplitudes,
frequencies, etc. For instance, sufficiently intensive
EMFs engender conduction currents, heat biological
tissues, and cause rotations of molecular dipoles [1, 2].
They give rise to noticeable shifts in many reactions
and spectacular biological effects. Thermal and
electrochemical effects are widely used in practice,
Fig. 2. Reduction in the Nernst diffusion layer thickness (δD)
near the working electrode surface under the influence of a
Constant Magnetic Field, and formation of the NavierStokes hydrodynamic layer (δH) where: C – concentration of
electroactive ions in the body of the electrotyle; Cel –
concentration near the working electrode; x, y – direction.
Magnetic separations have been used in various areas
such
as
molecular
biology,
biochemistry,
immunochemistry, enzymology, analytical chemistry,
and environmental chemistry [2, 4]. Magnetic
separations with Magnetic particles (MPs) have also
EQBS’2013-International Symposium
been successfully studied for a wide variety of
applications such as the detoxification of bloodborne
toxins of humans [5], the separation of pathogenic
bacteria from food and environmental samples [6].
Simple magnet blocks in these holders typically
generate field gradients in the order of 1 − 6 T/m
across the diameter of standard 15-50 ml laboratory
test tubes with wall thicknesses of 1-2 mm. The
magnetic force (F) acting on a pointlike magnetic
dipole moment (m) is described by the
formula: F = m∇ B where the total magnetic dipole
moment of the MPs is the result of volume
magnetization of the magnetic component included in
the MPs, (M): m = Vm M and where (Vm) is the
total volume of the magnetic material in the MPs.
[1] Binhi V. N., Magnetobiology. Underlying
Physical Problems, Elsevier Science Ltd., 2002.
[2] Kronmuller H, Parkin S., Handbook of
Magnetism and Advanced Magnetic Materials.,
Vol .4 (Novel Materials), John Wiley & Sons
Ltd., 2007.
[3] Zieliński M, Miękoś E. (2008) Influence of
constant magnetic field on the electrodeposition
of Co-Mo-W alloys, Journal of Applied
Electrochemistry, 38(12):1771 – 1778.
[4] Safarik I., Safarikova M. (2004) Magnetic
techniques for the isolation and purification of
proteins and peptides, Biomagnetic Research and
Technology, 2, 7.
[5] Mertz C., Kamiński M., Xie Y., et al (2005) In
vitro studies of functionalized magnetic
nanospheres for selective removal of a stimulant
biotoxin, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic
Materials, 293:572 – 577.
[6] Rotariu O., Ogden I. D., Macrae M., et al (2005)
An immunomagnetic separator for concentration
of pathogenic microorganisms from large volume
samples, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic
Materials, 293:589 – 596.
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