Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper GRADE 10 ACCOUNTING YEAR-END EXEMPLAR EXAMINATION PAPER: 2006 SUGGESTED MEMORANDUM • Traditional memo • Rubrics Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper MEMO TO QUESTION 1: 1.1 Purpose e.g. 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.1.5 1.1.6 1.1.7 1.1.8 Name of document Petty Cash voucher This document records payments made out of petty cash This document is used to record money received from a customer for a cash sale of stock to him This document is used to record a credit sale to a customer This document is used to deposit money into the bank account of the business This document is used to pay a supplier for an amount owed to him, using money in the business’ bank account This document is used to record stock returned by a credit customer This document is received from a creditor for goods bought on credit by the business This document is used to put through various entries in the General Journal e.g. write off bad debts Cash slip üü Invoice üü Deposit slip ü Cheque üü Credit note üü Invoice üü Journal voucher üü Debit note üü This document is used to return goods to a creditor 15 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 (a) X (b) (c) (d) X X X X üüü üüü üüü üüü üüü 15 Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper 1.3.1 Three main points to solve the debtors problem • • • • • • • Proper screening of debtors before opening accounts Signing of invoices by customers Statements sent out on time Letters of demand for those who are late in paying Incentives for early payment No sales to overdue debtors Charge interest on overdue accounts Any three points provided they are valid and essential üü üü üü (Allocate part marks if points are valid but not essential) 1.3.2 Two main points to solve the stock problem • • • • • • Check books delivered to the shop – check to invoice Regular stock counts – check to Trading stock account Layout of books carefully designed e.g. magazines near desk, valuable books secured Security tags on books Store inspectors / security guards at doors – check to sales slip Background checks on employees Any two points provided they are valid and essential: üü üü (Allocate part marks if points are valid but not essential) 10 Marks 40 Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper MEMO TO QUESTION 2: 2.1 Calculate the profit that Mary made in January 2006. üü ü ü R3 200 – R2 160 = R1 040 (4) 2.2 Calculate the cost per cake produced in January 2006. ü ü ü R2 160 / 40 = R54 (3) 2.3 Example of a Direct cost: Ingredients ü Example of an Indirect cost: Wages / Rent etc ü (2) 2.4 Mary thinks that if she increases her production by 50% then her profit will also increase by 50%. Is she correct? Explain briefly. Her husband is correct. ü Economies of scale. Fixed costs will not change.üü (3) Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper 2.5 Calculation of profit of making and selling 80 cakes: Cost of producing 80 cakes TOTAL Fixed costs 800,00 Fixed costs remain fixed üü - Rent of kitchen & equipment 500,00 - Wages paid to assistant 300,00 Variable costs 2 720,00 Variable costs will double üüüü - Ingredients 1200.00 - Electricity & water 320,00 - Packaging for cakes 80,00 - Motor vehicle delivery costs 880,00 - Telephone calls 240,00 R 3 520,00 2.6 Sales = 80 x R80 = R6 400 üü Costs = R3 520 þ Profit = R2 880 þ Opinion on Mary’s involvement in the local fund-raising day. Workings (not essential): Extra profit = New sales – Extra fixed costs – Extra variable costs Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper (10) = R2600 – R1000 – (R40 x R34 = R1360) = R240 Contribution per unit = R65 – R34 = R31 Total contribution = R31 x 40 cakes = R1 240 Extra fixed costs = R600 + R400 = R1 000 Extra profit = R240 Possible Answers: Yes (if she feels that the additional R240 is worth it) OR No (if she feels the amount is insignificant in comparison to what she normally earns for the same number of cakes made or that her assistant is earning more than she is. 0-2 marks 3-4 marks 5-6 marks 7-8 marks Poor or no motivation provided for the opinion given. Satisfactory motivation provided for the opinion given considering two of the following factors: FC, VC, revenue and effect on profit. Good motivation provided for the opinion given considering factors of FC, VC, revenue and effect on profit. Convincing motivation provided for the opinion given considering factors of FC, VC, revenue and effect on profit. Marks 30 Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper (8) SOLUTION TO QUESTION 3 3.1 PEGGY PERUMAL TRADING AS ‘PEGGY’S FASHIONS’ INCOME STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDING 28 FEBRUARY 2005 Sales 600 000 PP 599 200 Cost of sales (350 000) R Gross profit 249 200 R Add: Other operating income 18 500 Commission income 15 000 PP 16 500 Discount received 2 000 Less: Operating expenses Salaries & wages Telephone Advertising Rent expense Motor vehicle expenses Stationery & printing Bank charges Trading stock deficit Bad debts Operating profit Add: Interest income Less: Interest expense Net profit 267 700 (170 000) 80 000 5 000 4 000 44 000 23 000 1 000 3 000 5 800 500 R PP PP 3 400 48 000 PP PP PP 3 300 R 97 200 PP 2 000 R 99 760 PP (11 000) 87 760 PR 25 Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper 2 060 13 000 3.2 PEGGY PERUMAL TRADING AS PEGGY’S FASHIONS BALANCE SHEET AS AT 28 FEBRUARY 2005 ASSETS Non-current assets Fixed assets 170 000 P + 29000 P + 8000 P Financial assets 60000 P – 30000 P Current assets P Inventories 180000 P – 4200 P – 5800 P 237 000 R 207 000 P 30 000 P 251 560 R 170 000 P P Trade & other receivables 24000 P – 800 P – 500 P + 1500 P + 600 P 24 800 P P Cash & cash equivalents 26000 P + 1000 P + 30000 P – 300 P + 60 P 56 760 P TOTAL ASSETS 488 560 R OWNER’S EQUITY & LIABILITIES Owner’s equity 300000 P – 44000 P – 4200 P + 86760 PR Non-current liabilities P Loan from Credfin 100000 P – 20000 P Current liabilities P Trade & other payables 35100 P + 900 P + 8000 P + 2000 P + 20000 P + 4000 P TOTAL EQUITY & LIABILITIES 338 560 P 80 000 R 80 000 P 70 000 R 70 000 P 488 560 R 50 Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper 3.3.1 In your opinion, is it necessary for accountants to follow a set of rules or principles when they prepare financial statements? Explain briefly. Possible answers (other valid answers acceptable): • Reliability • Comparability • Understandability 3.3.2 Briefly explain the ‘Historical Cost Rule’ and why it is necessary to use this rule / principle. Possible answers (other valid answers acceptable): • Assets recorded at original cost (explanation) • Avoids manipulation of figures (reason) 3.3.3 Briefly explain the ‘Matching Principle’ and why it is necessary to use this rule / principle. Possible answers (other valid answers acceptable): • Revenue items matched to correct time period or income matched against the expense incurred to generate the income (explanation) • Enables one time period to be compare to another (reason) 3.3.4 Briefly describe what is meant by: Possible answers (other valid answers acceptable): - Assets: Items of lasting value owned by a business OR items owned by a business to generate income - Liabililties: Amounts owed to other persons or organisations - Owner’s equity: The net worth of a business OR he amount to which the owner is entitled - Gross profit: Profit made by a trader in the process of buying and selling goods - Net profit: All income less all expenses OR he amount by which the net worth of a business increases over an accounting period Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper RUBRIC TO QUESTION 3.3: CONCEPTS Inadequate 0 Partial 1 Adequate 2 Satisfactory 3 Meritorious 4 Outstanding 5 3.3.1 General need for GAAP identified and explained – understandability, comparability No idea of need for GAAP Little idea of need for GAAP Some idea of need for GAAP, not well explained Good idea of need for GAAP but not well explained Good idea of need for GAAP and reasonably well explained Need for GAAP well identified and clearly explained 3.3.2 Historical cost rule – reliability of information No idea of the rule evident Little idea of the rule evident Rule is defined but no understanding of need Rule is defined and some understanding of need Well defined & good understanding of need for reliability 3.3.3 Matching Principle – comparability of information No idea of the rule evident Little idea of the rule evident Rule is defined but no understanding of need Rule is defined and some understanding of need Well defined & good understanding of need for comparability 3.3.4 Definitions of accounting concepts No concepts correctly defined One concept correctly defined Two concepts correctly defined Three concepts correctly defined Four concepts correctly defined Excellently defined & clear understanding of need for reliability Excellently defined & clear understanding of need for comparability All five concepts correctly defined Weight Max X1 X1 X1 x2 25 Marks 100 Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper ANSWER SHEET TO QUESTION 4 4.1 Brief explanation on the difference between fixed costs and variable costs. • • Variable costs: change in accordance with the scale of business operations PP Fixed costs: do not change in accordance with the scale of business operations PP Two examples of fixed costs: wages, vehicle expenses, salaries, rent, etcP P Two examples of variable costs: Motor vehicle expenses, consumable stores, telephone & electricity, etc. PP Alternative wording acceptable. (8) 4.2 Brief report for Victor. Identification and explanation of issues from the budget: • Gardeners given 5% increase in wages PPü • Sales increased by 40% à increase in workload PPü • Managers given 40% increase in salaries PPü Two practical suggestions to solve the problem: (any two üüü üüü) • • • Increase salaries and wages by a similar rate, not necessarily 40% Negotiate with gardeners Consider introducing service benefits e.g. medical and pension benefits (15) Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper 4.3 Consider the bank balances at the end of 2005 and 2006. In your opinion, is it wise for Victor to keep these amounts in the bank? Provide one reason for your opinion as well as two options for the treatment of the cash. Opinion: • Opinion: not wise üü Reason • Low interest rate on cheque accounts üü Suggestions – any two PPü PPü: • Invest in fixed deposit • Take more drawings for personal use and enjoyment • No need to provide so much extra capital • Pay workers more • Repay loan to save on interest expense Alternative ideas and wording acceptable. (10) 4.4 Three items in the cash budget that could have been miscalculated with brief explanation of each item. Possible answers: • Advertising: for sales to increase they will probably have to do more advertising • Rent of office: no provision inflationary increase • Consumable stores: increase by more than 40% • Bank charges: no increase 0 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 No items identified or explained Convincing/ fair explanation for 1 item identified Fair explana-tions for two items identified Convincing explana-tions for two items identified Fair explana-tions for three items identified Convincing explana-tions for three items identified (10) Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper 4.5 Brief explanation to Peter Perkins, to help him understand that no error has been made. Possible answers: Legal: Tax deduction PAYE & UIF are both legally required – every person in the country pays this Moral: Pension & Medical are added benefits to employees provided by the employer to provide health and financial security – this should be appreciated 0-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 Inadequate explanation of deductions – legal & moral aspects not mentioned Poor explanation of deductions – legal & moral aspects not emphasised Satisfactory explanation of deductions – legal & moral aspects not emphasised Good explanation of legal and moral aspects of deductions Convincing explanation of legal and moral aspects of deductions • (10) Peter is actually earning more than R6 000 per month. How much extra is he actually earning, and why does he benefit in this way? UIF benefit = R60 üü Medical aid benefit = R1000 üü Pension benefit = R630 üü Total extra benefit = R1 690 4.6 Your response to the employee with brief explanation. (6) Possible answers: Victor must not agree This would be illegal – Victor is not allowed to do this – he is required to pay over PAYE deductions Tax is a responsibility of every citizen – helps to make the country a better place If every person pays the correct amount due, the tax burden will be shared fairly and taxes can be reduced, which benefits all citizens 0 1-2 3-4 5-6 No valid explanation for decision Satisfactory explanation of decision by Victor – understanding of ethical reasons for all not pay tax not explicit Good explanation of correct decision by Victor and the ethical reasons for all to pay tax Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper (6) Convincing explanation of correct decision by Victor and the ethical reasons for all to pay tax Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper RUBRIC TO QUESTION 4: Difference FC/VC & examples Unhappy gardeners – identify ethical problem & solutions Three miscalculations – identify & reasons High bank balances - opinion - reason for opinion - two options 0 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 No idea of differences, no valid examples provided Some idea either of differences or examples Some idea either of differences with poor examples Differences identified with two examples Differences identified with four examples 0 1-3 4-6 7-9 No idea of the ethical problem nor solutions Some idea of the ethical problem with no solution Some idea of the ethical problem and one solution not entirely practical Identification of the ethical problem and solutions not entirely practical 0 1-2 3-4 5-6 10-12 Good identification of the ethical problem and one practical solution 7-8 No items identified One item and a reason identified Two items identified but reasons not appropriate Two items identified but reasons not entirely valid 0 1-2 No opinion nor options Opinion provided but no reason or valid options 3-4 Opinion provided with either an acceptable reason or one valid option 3-4 Poor explanation of deductions – legal & moral aspects not emphasised 0 Explanation on the difference between gross and net salary No valid explanation 0 Calculation of extra benefits from employer Ethical considerations – all persons to pay tax without exception and reasons therefore No appreciation of any amount 0 No valid explanation for decision 1-2 Inadequate explanation of deductions – legal & moral aspects not mentioned 1 Appreciation of one amount 5-6 Opinion clear with acceptable reason and one valid option 5-6 Satisfactory explanation of deductions – legal & moral aspects not emphasised Two items and valid reasons well identified 7-8 Opinion clear with good reason and two valid options 7-8 Good explanation of legal and moral aspects of deductions Clear identification of the ethical problem and two practical solutions 9-10 Three items and three valid reasons well identified 9-10 Opinion clear with excellent reason and two valid options 9-10 Convincing explanation of legal and moral aspects of deductions SCORE (10) (15) (10) (10) (10) 2 3 Appreciation of two amounts Appreciation of three amounts 1-2 Satisfactory explanation of decision by Victor – understanding of ethical reasons for all not pay tax not explicit 9-10 Differences excellently identified with four excellent examples 13-15 3-4 Good explanation of correct decision by Victor and the ethical reasons for all to pay tax Marks 65 Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper 4 Full appreciation of amounts of all for benefits 5-6 Convincing explanation of correct decision by Victor and the ethical reasons for all to pay tax (4) (6) SOLUTION TO QUESTION 5 5.1 CALCULATION OF FINANCIAL INDICATORS ANSWERS 2005 COMPARISON 2004 PR 56,5 % 38,5 % PR 129,6 % 62,5 % 350 / 270 x 100 P P P Operating expenses on sales 17,7 % 20,0 % Operating profit on sales 38,7 % 18,5 % Net profit on sales 5.1.3 Return on owner’s equity Calculation: 37,0 % 13,8 % PR 46 % 18,0 % R 2:1 1,5 : 1 R 0,6 : 1 1:1 5.1.1 Gross profit on sales Calculation: 350 / 620 x 100 P P P 5.1.2 Gross profit on cost of sales Calculation: 230 / 500 x 100 P P P 5.1.4 Current ratio Calculation: 70 000 : 35 000 PP PP 5.1.5 Acid-test ratio Calculation: 20 000 : 35 000 PP PP (25) Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper 5.2 TRUSTY ACCOUNTING SERVICES PO Box 456, Newlands, 7800 Tel: 021-3334678 Fax: 021-3334679 E-mail: trusty@mweb.co.za 30 October 2005 Mr B Baqwa Private Bag 23 Ritesville Western Cape 7812 Dear Mr Baqwa, COMMENTS ON YOUR RESULTS As requested, I have considered the financial performance of your business. Your business is performing well in certain aspects, for example you have no solvency problems, as the net worth of the business is R500 000. However, I do have some concerns about the manner in which you are conducting your business. My positive and negative comments are as follows: Return on equity • Trend in return 2004/2005 18 % à 46 % PP • Compare to returns on alternative investments PP • Conclusion: return is very favourable PP Learner communicates effectively P (impression) Alternative wording acceptable Liquidity • Trend 2004/2005 in current ratio 1,5:1 à 2:1 (7) P • Trend 2004/2005 in acid-test ratio 1:1 à 0,6:1 • Identification of stock as a potential problem PP • Conclusion: possible liquidity problem PP P Learner communicates effectively P (impression) Alternative wording acceptable Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper (7) Mark-up percentages • Trend 2004/2005 62,5 % à 129,6 % • Conclusion: unreasonably high PP • Opinion: not fair to customers PP PP Learner communicates effectively P (impression) Alternative wording acceptable Operating efficiency • Trend in op exps on sales 2004/2005 20 % à 17,7 % • Trend in op profit on sales 2004/2005 18,5 % à 38,7 % • Conclusion: controlling expenses well PP (7) PP PP Learner communicates effectively P (impression) Alternative wording acceptable (7) Relationship with the community – ethical considerations • Vitally necessary product PP • Monopoly - no competitors PP • Taking advantage of community ànot popular PP • Earning high profits and taking large drawings PP • He needs to apply a reasonable mark-up % PP Learner communicates effectively PP (impression) Alternative wording acceptable (12) I trust that you will find my comments helpful. Please contact me if there is any other information you require. Yours sincerely, _______________ Marks Signed on behalf of Trusty Accounting Services 65 Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper RUBRIC TO QUESTION 5: Calculation of missing indicators Interpretation of return on equity: three aspects: - trends - alternatives - valid opinion Interpretation of liquidity ratios: four aspects: - trend CR - trend ATR - stock problem - valid opinion Interpretation of mark-up percentage: three aspects: - trend - extent - valid opinion Interpretation of operating % three aspects: - trend exps - trend profit - valid opinion Identification of ethical problem of high medicine prices: five aspects: - vital product - monopoly - high prices - community ethics - advice Overall impression of business letter 0 No indicators correctly calculated 0 1-5 One indicator correctly calculated 1 6-10 11-15 Three indicators correctly calculated 3 16-20 Four indicators correctly calculated 4 21-25 All five indicators correctly calculated 5 Two indicators correctly calculated No aspects identified One aspect identified Two aspects identified, but not conclusively Two aspects well identified All three aspects identified, but not conclusively All three aspects well identified 0 1 2 3 4 5 No aspects identified One aspect identified Two aspects identified Three aspects identified All four aspects identified, but not conclusively All four aspects well identified 0 1 2 3 4 5 Two aspects identified, but not conclusively Two aspects well identified All three aspects identified, but not conclusively All three aspects well identified 3 4 All three aspects identified, but not conclusively 10-12 All three aspects well identified 2 No aspects identified One aspect identified 0 1 2 No aspects identified One aspect identified Two aspects identified, but not conclusively Two aspects identified 0 1-3 4-6 7-9 No aspects identified One aspect identified, little understandi ng of ethical problem in this case Two aspects identified, little understanding of ethical problem in this case Three aspects identified, some understanding of ethical problem in this case Four aspects identified, good understandi ng of ethical problem in this case All five aspects identified, excellent understandi ng of ethical problem in this case 0 1 2 3 4 Inadequate explanation Partial / poor explanation Adequate explanation Good explanation Good and convincing explanation 5 Excellent and convincing explanation Marks 65 Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper 5 13-15 SCORE SOLUTION TO QUESTION 6 6.1 TRADING STOCK ACCOUNT General Ledger of Oscar Moloi Dr Trading Stock ü 2006 March 1 Balance b/d 3 520 Cr 2006 March 31 (880 ü + 1 320 ü) üþ ü Cost of sales ü 31 Creditors’ Control ü CJ CRJ 2 200 ü 3 300 Cost of sales üü DJ 550 ü Loss of stock due to theft þþ 176 GJ ü Advertising üü 66 GJ þ Balance 6 820 c/d 3 828 þ 6 820 þ April 1 Balance b/d 3 828 (20) 6.2.1 Dangers of ordering too much stock (two points). üü üü Lack of security of stock – susceptible to theft. Working capital tied up in an asset which does not earn a return. (4) 6.2.2 Comment on stock on hand at the end of the month. There is too much stock on hand. ü He has 174 units on hand while he sells only 125 units during the month. üü Advice to Oscar regarding stock: He should not purchase any stock right now. He should wait until his current stock is almost depleted before re-ordering. üüü (6) Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper 6.3 Calculation of net profit Sales = 3 366 ü + 1 188 ü = 4 554 ü Cost of sales = 125 x 22 = 2 750 üü Gross profit = 4 554 – 2 750 = 1 804 Overhead expenses = 80 ü + 66 ü + 176 ü = R322 Net profit = 1 804 – 322= R1 482üþ 6.4.1 Profit per reject T-shirt Profit = R39,60 üü – R11 ü = R28,60 þ 6.4.2 (4) Mark up on reject T-shirts R28,60 þ / R11 üüx 100 ü = 260% þ 6.4.3 (10) (5) Advice regarding the plan concerning the plan to buy and sell reject T-shirts He should not go ahead with buying and selling rejected Tshirts. It is unethical to sell inferior products at the same price as other products. He will also find that his business will not be sustainable if he sells these shirts at the normal price because he will lose goodwill amongst his customers. If he decides to buy rejected T-shirts, he should reduce the selling price. It could be a good idea to buy the rejected T-shirts but to sell it at a price in relation to the cost price, since he has only sold 145 T-shirts during this month and has 174 T-shirts on hand. This may mean that his target market cannot afford the quality Tshirt he is currently selling. Awareness of ethical considerations - üüü Valid advice üüü Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper (6) 6.5 TRUSTY ACCOUNTING SERVICES PO Box 456, Newlands, 7800 Tel: 021-3334678 Fax: 021-3334679 E-mail: trusty@mweb.co.za 2 April 2006 Mr O Moloi Private Bag 23 DURBAN 7812 Dear Mr Moloi, COMMENTS ON RUNNING YOUR BUSINESS TO INCREASE PROFITS I have studied the current status of your business and would like to offer you some advice on how to run your business in order to increase your profits. Any 4 valid points üü üü üü üü Alternative suggestions are acceptable. Possible points: Trustworthy assistant Extend the range of T-shirts sold to draw customers Do research to determine what customers would like Perhaps sell products other than T-shirts, Security Alternative supplier for better quality T-shirts Advertising Overall impression üü (10) I trust that you will find my comments helpful. Please contact me if there is any other information you require. Yours sincerely, _______________ Marks Signed on behalf of Trusty Accounting Services 65 Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper Accounting Grade 10 Exemplar Year-end Question Paper