UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE
CLAVE: 1244
MÉXICO
UNIVERSIDAD
DE
LONDRES
CLAVE: 1603A
PREPARATORIA
ASIGNATURA: I N G L É S
VI
GUÍA DE ESTUDIO PARA EXAMEN FINAL Y
EXTRAORDINARIO.
ALUMNO: _____________________________________________
N.L.: ______
PROF. ALICIA DE LA VEGA VEGA
GRUPO: ______
TEMAS A EVALUAR:
Reading Strategies
• Conocer los diferentes tipos de lecturas (pages 4-5, 132): skimming, main idea (page 32,
134-135);scanning, specific information (page 52-54, 136);detailed, inference (page 70,
137); pleasure
• Hacer preguntas para buscar información.
• Manejo correcto de un diccionario (spelling, respelling, parts of speech, different meanings)
• Reconocer hechos u opinión.(page 55- 56, 136)
• Clasificar de lo general a lo específico (page 102-103,141)
• Manejo de referentes en un texto (pronouns) (page 138)
• Manejo de palabras claves (page 64)
• Outline (main idea and supporting details) para hacer un resumen. (page 120,141-142)
Vocabulary
• Manejo de vocabulario: cognados, por contexto y crear un glosario. (pages 133, 23)
• Familia de palabras (noun-verb-adjective-adverbs):manejo de prefijos y sufijos (page 15, 17)
• Sinónimos y antónimos (page 30, 88,139)
• “Word webs” (page 46)
Structure
• Sustantivos:contables (singular y plural), no contables y posesivos.
• Adjetivos: comparativos y superlativos
• Adverbios
• Pronombres: sujeto, complemento y posesivos. (page79)
• Verbos: voz activa y pasiva y manejo de los distintos tiempos y formas (bf, -s, past, pp, -ing)
• Modificadores
• Condicionales
• Uso de auxiliares
• Frases subordinadas (relative clauses) (page 22)
• Conectores: tiempo, lugar, adición, contraste, conclusión y causa-efecto (page 93-94, 140)
• Combinar oraciones: aposición, preposiciones, adjetivos, adverbios, frases subordinadas y
conectores.
1
READING STRATEGIES
I. Match the types of reading with the purposes:
1. Pleasure reading
a) Scanning a text quickly to find specific information.
2. Detailed reading
b) Reading a text for fun.
3. Global reading
c) Skimming a text quickly to get the general idea.
4. Selective reading
d) Reading a text carefully.
II. Write in the parentheses G for global reading and D for detailed reading.
1. fast
(
)
5. to get supporting details
(
)
2. careful
(
)
6. to get specific information
(
)
3. to get a general idea
(
)
7. to take notes
(
)
4. to get main idea
(
)
8. to answer questions
(
)
III. SCANNING
The Invention of Basketball
The American NBA is famous because it has the best players from all parts of the world. But did you
know basketball wasn’t invented by an American? A Canadian physical education instructor invented it.
In 1891 James Naismith (1861-1939) had a problem. His students got bored in the winter because they
couldn’t go outside to play. His boss told Naismith they had 14 days to create an indoor game. It was very
difficult. He first tried to adapt outdoor games like soccer, but they were too physical. Finally, Naismith
invented basketball and wrote the original 13 rules.
The first time the game was played, it was a little different. They didn’t have basketballs, so they used
soccer balls and they tried to throw them into fruit baskets. The game was very popular from the beginning
and the first public game was played in Springfield, Massachusetts, on March 11, 1892.
James Naismith is remembered today for creating the game of basketball. For his historic invention,
Naismith has his name in the Basketball Hall of Fame.
(1) Who invented basketball? __________________________________________________________
(2) Where was he from? ______________________________________________________________
(3) When did he invent the game? ______________________________________________________
(4) Why did he invent basketball? ______________________________________________________
(5) How many days did he have to invent the game? _______________________________________
(6) Why didn’t he adapt soccer? _______________________________________________________
(7) How many rules did he write? ______________________________________________________
(8) Originally, what balls did the students use? ___________________________________________
(9) Where did they play the first public game? ____________________________________________
(10) Where is Naismith’s name honored? ________________________________________________
2
IV. Read the text. Write M (main idea) or D (detail) next to the sentences below.
In recent years, people have started having exotic pets such as baby alligators or venomous snakes but
these animals were never meant to be pets and they are dangerous. One problem is that local health
authorities often do not have the proper antidotes in case of bites. People who own these animals often go
to local zoos for the antidotes, which reduces their supplies of the antidotes and puts their employees in
danger. When these animals grow large and dangerous, it is impossible to give them away. Zoos won´t take
them because of the risks of infection to other zoo animals, and you certainly can´t give away a dangerous
wild animal to a friend. The result is that people release them into the countryside, where they are a danger
to people and pets, and where they usually cannot survive outside their natural habitat.
1. It is impossible to give away dangerous reptiles.
________
2. Dangerous reptiles should not be kept as pets.
________
V. Resume el párrafo anterior en español.
VI. Write F ( fact) or O (opinión) next to each statement.
1. Pelé is the greatest soccer player in the world.
2. He scored a total of 1,282 goals.
3. Pelé is Brazilian.
4. In 2001, Real Madrid paid $64.4 million for the the French player Zenedine Zidane.
5. Research shows that soccer is the fastest-growing sport in the USA.
6. The first World Cup was played in 1930.
7.
People think advertisers are taking control of the game.
8. Soccer is an interesting game.
VII. Classification
A) Write these words in order form the most general to the most specific.
1. city / country / neighborhood / state
2. text / page / book / paragraph
3. animal / cat / Siamese/ pet
B) Identify the theme for each group of words.
Ex. Car truck plane
1. blues
2. Lucero
bus
train
Transportation
rock pop
____________
Luis Miguel
3. banana apple
melon
VIII. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING
Shakira
____________
____________
ABSTRACT WITH INFORMATION FROM THE TEXT ON
PAGE 109.
A principios de la década de los ________ al graduarse de prepa dos jóvenes tomaron un curso
por _________________ sobre ____________________________________. En 1978, juntaron
$8,000 dólares y ____________________________________ en Vermont para abrir su primera
tienda.
3
En
___________
tenían
sucursales
por
todo
el
estado
y
en
1986
____________________________________ para abrir tiendas en otros estados. Hoy en día sus
helados ________________________________________.
Explica por qué son tan especiales sus helados.
1. ______________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________
X. Who or what do the pronouns refer to?
1. I (line 1)
___________________________
6. Me (line 2)
__________________________
2. It (line 2)
___________________________
7. His (line 2)
__________________________
3. He (line 3)
___________________________
8. Her (line 8)
__________________________
4. Him (line 6) ___________________________
9. I (line 9)
__________________________
5. We (line 6)
10. She (line 12)
___________________________
_________________________
XI. Asking questions to find out information
Complete the questions to complete the information with the correct question word from
the box.
Where
What
When
What time
What kind
How long
How much
Which
How many
How often
Whom
Whose
1. Chopin was a great artist.
________________ did he do?
He was a musician.
4
2. He works for an international company.
___________ does he work for?
For Holland, a French company that sells trailers´ equipment.
3. He prefers other kind of pictures.
_____________ of pictures does he prefer?
Romantic ones.
4. He wasn´t born in Guadalajara.
______________ was he born?
In Nayarit, Tepic.
5. The meeting must start early..
______________ must it start?
At 7:00.
6. Many people were killed on September 11 when the Twin Towers collapsed.
_________________ were killed?
About 3000.
7. The conference was boring.
____________________ was it?
More than three hours.
8. I liked both sweaters.
__________________ one did you buy?
The red one.
9 .I rarely see my grandparents.
__________________do you visit them?
Once or twice a year.
10.This isn´t my book.
___________________ is it?
I think it´s my father´s.
Ask the questions that will help you complete the information.
Michael J. Fox
ƒ Born on ___________________ in Edmonton, Canada.
EXAMPLE
ƒ Father is a retired police officer
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Moved to ________________ at age 5
1.
Studied ___________ in high school and acted in several plays.
2.
In ___________, worked in a Canadian TV comedy series
3.
Dropped out of high school in 1979
when 19, moved to Los Angeles
acted in some films
5
ƒ
ƒ
in 1982, got a lead role in the TV series ________________________
4.
made several successful films like __________________________ in
5.
1985 and Casualties of War in ___________
6.
EXAMPLE.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
When was he born?
June 9, 1961
________________________________________________________________
Vancouver
_______________________________________________________________
drama
_______________________________________________________________
1978
_______________________________________________________________
Family Ties
_______________________________________________________________
Back to the Future
_______________________________________________________________
1989
XII. Using Key words
Using the key words write about Danger from Antarctica
DANGER FROM ANTARCTICA
I. PROBLEM
Ice caps – melt –
South Pole- disappear- faster
rate
II. CAUSES
Normal environmental
changes – global -warming –
human activity.
glaciars - flow into ocean –
sea level- rise – 2mm -anually
III. CONSEQUENCES
Ice caps- melt- sea level – rise61 m-change- shape- countries- coastlines endanger -major cities – extreme weather
Evidence – near-destruction- New Orleans –Hurricane Katrina- 2005
Choose the key words to remember the text on page 66: Deep Sea Rescue
6
XIII. Complete the following outline (page )
ANIMAL CLONING
I. Definition
A. ______________________________________________
B. ______________________________________________
C. ______________________________________________
II. ______________________________________________
A. 1996
B. A sheep
1. _______________(born:July 5, 1996)
C. Procedure: “Nuclear transfer”
1. _______________________________________
2. _______________________________________
3. _______________________________________
4. _______________________________________
III.
Future plans
A. ___________________________________________
1. DNA well-preserved 27,000 year old from Siberia
IV.
Pros
A. _____________________________________________
B. _____________________________________________
V. _______________
A. Better spend money in saving existing species & preserving planet
XII. Read and translate this movie critic´s review.
Bernardo Bertolucci is a talented movie director. He made The Last Emperor
which is a fascinating history lesson and a compelling human drama. It is the story of Pu
Yi, who came to the throne in 1908 at the age of 2. The movie is spectacular
in every way. It lasts three hours which fly by. The audience leaves feeling they have
gotten to know a great county and a sensitive, unusual man.
XIII. Write a short paragraph in Spanish summarizing the most important things
you learned about reading in this course.
7
VOCABULARY
WRITE THE CORRECT WORD FROM THE BOX ON EACH DEFINITION TO COMPLETE THE GLOSSARY.
skimming
spelling
context clues
inferring
scanning
respelling
nouns
key words
prediction
reading purposes
adjectives
synonyms
false cognates
types of reading
adverbs
prefixes and suffixes
1. Reading quickly to find some details.
_______________
2. Write a word correctly.
.
3. Words that describe people, places, things, feelings.
______________
_______________
4. Guessing the meaning of a word by the words and ideas around it. ______________
5. Skimming, scanning, detailed and pleasure reading.
________________
6. Words that mean the same.
________________
7. Beginnings or endings added to a word to change the part of speech. ___________
8. Words that describe nouns.
________________
9. Words that make me think of a word in Spanish but that
have a completely different meaning.
_______________
10. Trying to guess what a text is about.
________________
11. Making your own conclusions from what the text says.
________________
12. Important words to remember what a text is about..
________________
13. Words that tell you how, where or when something happens. ________________
14. Using a phonetic alphabet to learn how to pronounce a word. ________________
15. Getting a main idea of the text by looking at the pictures,
titles and subtitles
_________________
WRITE THE RESPELLING TO PRONOUNCE THESE WORDS CORRECTLY.
1. generations
_____________
4. fair
_____________
2. since
_____________
5. ice
_____________
3. science
_____________
6. eyes
_____________
____________________
WRITE THE WORD
ON THE LINE.
1. /ánser/
_____________________
4. /faund/
2. /eit/
_____________________
5. /bai/
3. /mein/
______________________
_____________________
8
CONTEXT CLUES. Translate the underlined word according to the context.
1. British sailors took soccer to the rest of Europe.
2. Soccer matches were soon being played around the world.
3. I need some matches to light the candles on the birthday cake.
4. I took my medicine at 5:00 a.m.
5. I normally play music on the radio while I´m studying.
6. I went to see a play at Manolo Fabregas Theater.
7. I didn´t see Cuautémoc Blanco´s play in yesterday´s game.
8. A baby is never still. It´s always moving from one place to another.
9. I haven´t finished prepa yet. I´m still studying it.
10. I would like to see the musical play The Miserables.
11. A toddler, a two or three year old baby, should never be left alone.
12. Since I don´t need this, I´ll give it to the poor.
13.Two, four, six, eight are even numbers.
14. Titanic is a popular action picture.
15.My mother took us a picture with her Ipad.
16. Use these colors to make a picture of a zoo.
_________________
_________________
_________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
WORD FAMILY.
1. I work for an _________________ company.
a. advertise
b. advertising
c. advertisement
d. advertised
2. We spent a lot in _________________ last year.
a. advertise
b. advertising
c. advertisement
d. advertised
3. I ______________ my old car but no one called.
a. advertise
b. advertising
c. advertisement
d. advertised
4. The lecture was about ______________________.
a. happy
b. happiness
c. happily
5. He walked _______________ to stop the boy.
a. quickness
b. quickly
c. quick
6. Please measure the ____________________ of this room.
a. long
b. length
c. lengthen
7. I think it´s _____________ .
a. easy
b. easiness
c. easily
8. He will _______________ his muscles in the gym.
a. strength
b. strongly
c. strengthen
d. strong
9. I went to his first _______________________ in Auditorio Nacional.
a. perform
b. performer
c. performance
10. This surgeon will _____________________ his tenth heart transplant soon.
a. perform
b. performer
c. performance
11. Some students are really _____________. They´re never still.
a. energy
b. energetic
c. energetically
d. energize
12. Switch off the lights to save ________________.
a. energy
b. energetic
c. energetically
d. energize
13. I want you to be as ___________ as possible.
a. happiness
b. happy
c. happily
14. An _________________ is someone who tests people´s knowledge or ability.
a. exam
b. examination
c. examiner
15. Please measure the ____________________ of this room.
a. width
b. wide
c. widen
d. widely
9
Add a suffix to build up the word that completes the sentence.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Professional____ speaking, this is not convenient.
I think this picture is really bor_____.
He´s an expert in sport fit_________.
Do you think he will be a good employ____?
In Mexico there isn´t enough employ______ for everybody.
He is really friend____.
He is here as a proof of friend_______.
It is scientific_________ proved.
We should call a technic_________.
I´m not a quit________. I am going to finish my career.
COGNATES: TRUE AND FALSE
Decide if the underlined word is a true or false cognate.
1. They are considering a nationwide advertising campaign.
_______
2. Translate the following words into Spanish.
_______
3. The plane disappeared in the Bermuda Triangle.
_______
4. I want to rent my apartment, so I´ll make a notice and put it on the
university´s bulletin board. I hope someone sees it and calls me soon.
_______
5. His actual problem was low-self esteem. That´s why he commited
suicide.
_______
6. The school principal is my uncle.
_______
7. Some animals can respond appropriately to different situations.
_______
8. My records from the 1970s are on that table.
_______
9. I don´t know why he wrote that letter to his parents?
_______
10. What letter comes after b?
_______
Complete the following table.
English
actually
eventually
fabric
parents
tutor
Spanish
Spanish
actualmente
eventualmente
fábrica
parientes
tutor
English
Synonyms and antonyms
The globalization of sport
Globalization for both players and viewers
Over the last few decades, interest in sport has shifted from local to national and
international level. Many top sportsmen and women now play abroad, lured by the kind of
money only the best teams can offer. Thanks to advances in cable and satellite technology,
viewers can watch sport from around the world in the comfort of their own home, rather than
pay for a ticket to a stadium. The public eye is on the teams with the best talent, and it is
these teams that capture the media interest, and hence the money.
10
The effect on teams and competitions
The outcome of this globalization of sport is a serious decline in local-based competitions, and
an ever-increasing gap between large and small teams. Small teams, which once had a
chance of winning competitions, struggle to even qualify. Year after year, the same giants
dominate the major competitions and leagues.
The longer-term consequences
So, is this a problem? Certainly one could argue that it is a simple case of meeting demand.
However, the flipside is that it is undoubtedly making sport dull and predictable, and
threatening many smaller teams with extinction.
Choose the option that best sums up the whole article.
a) Sport has become global in recent years. As a result, the biggest teams are becoming richer and
stronger, with the consequence that sport is not as exciting as it used to be.
b) Many sportsmen and women are choosing to play abroad now. They are earning lots of money
playing for the biggest teams, which tend to win the major competitions and leagues.
Circle True or False. Read the text carefully to check your answers.
1 People are less interested in local sport now than they used to be.
True
False
2 It’s easier to watch global sport on television because of advances
in television technology.
True
False
3 The public doesn’t just want to watch the best teams.
True
False
4 Small teams have a better chance now of winning big competitions.
True
False
5 Sport is more predictable than it used to be.
True
False
Find synonyms in the text for the words below.
1 moved
__________________
2 overseas
__________________
3 attracted by
__________________
4 space
__________________
5 opposite view __________________
Match these words from the text with the antonyms in the box.
manage
increase
interesting
possibly
surprising
1 decline
___________________
4 predictable
___________________
2 struggle
___________________
5 undoubtedly
___________________
3 dull
___________________
11
Read the text. Look at the two groups of words and choose the group that represents
the key words of the text.
Statistics show that we decide whether we like someone within just a few minutes of meeting
them. You might think we form our impression based on what they say, but it appears it’s
mainly down to body language. In fact, researchers estimate that our body language
communicates around 55% of what we mean, while our tone of voice contributes around 38%,
and words a mere 7%.
Body language, or non-verbal communication, refers to the gestures we make that
unintentionally convey how we are feeling. It is unconscious, and therefore difficult to control.
However, by understanding what certain gestures mean, we can tell more clearly whether a
person likes us or not.
So, what signals do we give out if we like someone? One way we show we’re in tune with
someone is by mirroring what they do. For example, if the person sits back in their chair, we’ll
do the same. If they scratch their chin, we’ll follow suit. If we like someone, we’ll also raise
our eyebrows when we first meet them – but so quickly that the other person won’t notice!
Pointing is another indication. If we find someone attractive, we also often point at them with
our feet or other part of our body.
Unsurprisingly, there are also differences between the sexes when it comes to body language.
Men tend to play with their earlobes when they are with someone they are attracted to, while
women often play with a lock of hair.
So next time you chat to someone at a party, pay close attention to their body language – it
may tell you more than you think!
1
decide like few minutes meeting form impression body language communicates
55% non-verbal communication gestures unintentionally convey feeling unconscious
difficult control understanding gestures tell likes signals mirroring raise eyebrows
pointing differences sexes men play earlobes women play hair
2
statistics decide like few minutes form impression body language 55% tone voice
38% convey feeling unconscious difficult control clearly like in tune scratch chin
follow suit raise eyebrows quickly notice feet differences men attracted women play
lock
Read the text again and answer the questions.
1 What is body language?
__________________________________________________
2 How important are words in communicating what we mean?
__________________________________________________
3 Why is body language difficult to control?
__________________________________________________
12
4 What is “mirroring”?
__________________________________________________
Complete the word web with words or phrases from the text.
STRUCTURE
NOUNS
I Use: to name
Nouns name
people: father, friends …
places. School, museum, theater,…
animals: dog, cat, ….
things: book, chair, table
feelings: happiness, loneliness
professions: teacher, student,…
I Singular and plural
A. regular
eg. boy - boys
B. irregular
eg. child - children
II Possessive nouns
A. Singular possessive
1. noun´s
eg. the boy´s mother
B. Plural possessive
2. nouns´
eg. the boys´ mothers
3. noun´s
eg. the children´s mothers
III. Countables
A. singular and plural eg. a boy, a lot of boys, not many boys, some boys, a few boys
IV. Uncountables
A. only in singular
eg. water, a lot of water, not much water, some water, a little water
13
Choose a, b, c or d and write it on the line.
1. This is the ____________________ room.
a. child
b.childrens
c. children
2. The ____________ face is all red.
a. child
b.childrens
c. children
d. children´s
d. children´s
3. Look at the _____________. They are playing with the knives.
a. child
b.childrens
c. children
d. children´s
4. The ________________ exam is surprising. He did great.
a. students b. student´s
c. students´
d. the student is
5. The _____________________ outside. He wants to see you.
a. students b. student’s
c. students´
d. the student is
6. The ________________ parents are waiting for them.
a. students b. student’s
c. students´
d. the student is
7. The ________________ would like to leave early.
a. students b. student’s
c. students´
d. the student is
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
I Used to describe
A. Adjectives
(nouns)
B. Adverbs
(verbs)
which: this, these, that, those
whose: my, your, his, her, its, our, their
what kind: big, small, nice, terrible, …
what color: red, blue, yellow…
how many: two, three, some, any, many, much, a few, a little
what it is like: intelligent, positive, bored
how it is: happy, angry, boring
where:
here, there, upstairs,…
when:
now, today, always,…
how iit is done: well, quickly, nicely,…
II. How to use them
A. Adjectives
1. Before nouns
2. After a linking verb
3. Always in singular
eg. un libro rojo
a red book
eg. El niño es ciego.
The boy is blind.
Ella se sentía enferma. She felt sick.
eg. un libro rojo
Los libros rojos
B. Adverb
1. After the verb
eg. Estudia bien.
2. Frequency adverbs
a. always, usually, often, sometimes, never
- antes del verbo o después del auxiliar
eg.Siempre van
Nunca están en casa
A veces van
a red book
the red books
He studies well.
They always go.
They are never at home.
They don´t always go.
14
3. comparative and superlatives
igual que
as …bf…. as
Pedro is as tall as Mary. (adj.)
He works as hard as she does. (adv.)
más que
-er than
more… bf .. than
Pedro is taller than Mary. (adj)
Pedro speaks more fluently than her. (adv.)
menos que
less … bf… than
Math, Biology and Chemistry are difficult, but Biology
is less difficult than Math.(adj.)
He reads less fast than his brother. (adv.)
el más de todos
the -est
the most …bf
He´s the smartest in the classs. (adj.)
You speak the most fluently.
(adv.)
el menos de todos
the least
Gym, drama and Literature are easy, but to me
Literarure is the least easy.
Use the five forms with…
1. animals – dangerous
2. types of books – amusing
3. T.V. series – boring
III. Using verbs as adjectives
interested ( how someone feels)= estar interesado
interesante
amused = estar divertido
bored = estar aburrido
interesting (what it is like) = ser
amusing = ser divertido
boring = ser aburrido
1. amuse – amuses – amused – amusing
The little dog is ___________ the children. It is ____________. It ___________ the children.
The children are ________________.
2. surprised – surprising
The ending of the story was ________________. It _____________ the readers. The readers
were __________________ .
3. tired – tyring
The math problems were ________________. The students were _______________________.
4. interested – interesting
The trip to the moon _____________ everybody. the launching was very _______________. It
____________________ the people. Everybody was _____________. The ________________
people watched the _______________________ trip on T.V.
5. embarrased – embarrasing
The teacher´s words were ________________________. Tom was ______________________.
15
6. charmed – charming
She is a _____________________ woman. Everybody was __________________ by her.
7. frightened – frightening
The girls were __________________. He had a __________________ appearance.
-ED -
Past
-EN WORDS AS DESCRIPTIVE WORDS TO MODIFY THE NOUN.
participle
1. This furniture is carved by hand. It is a hand-carved
furniture.
2. Those bottles are being washed by a machine. They are ______________________ bottles.
3. That cart is drawn by a horse. It is a _____________________ cart.
4. He has grown up to be a man. He is a _________________ man now.
5. She ate half of the apple. It is a ____________________ apple.
6. His leg was broken. He has a ________________________
7. Their table was loaded with food. It was a ______________________ table
8. They broke the window. It was a_________________ window.
9. The students wrote the exercises. They were _______________________
10. They painted it by hand. It was _________________________________
USING PRONOUNS AND PRONOUNS AS REFERENTS
Los pronombres son para evitar repetición. Se usan cuando ya se sabe de qué se está hablando.
Subject
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
object
me
you
him
her
it
us
them
possessive
my…
mine
your… yours
his…
his
her…
hers
its…
our…
ours
their… theirs
Complete the sentences with the correct pronoun.
1. Paul MacCartney was one of The Beatles. _________ was born in England. Many
él (subject)
people like __________. ________ songs are very popular. Hey Jude is _________.
él (object) possessive...
possessive
su (de él)
suya (de él)
2. Lucero is Mexican. _____________ is married to Mijares and ___________ are both
ella (subject)
ellos (subject)
famous singers. Many people like _________. ___________ son was born last year.
ellos (object) possessive..
su…(de ellos)
Lucero sings and acts. In Lazos de amor, a soup opera in the late 90s, _______ played
ella (subject)
three identical sisters.
16
3. Some teachers don´t know about the meeting. Please, call ______________.
a ellos(object)
4. These books should be in the English teachers’ room. ______ belong to __________.
Ellos (sujeto)
ellos (objeto)
los libros
a los maestros
5. I would like to listen to Mozart. _____________ music is great. Do you like ______?
possessive...
él (object)
su... (de él)
6. It is _____________ at the door.
él (subject)
7. It is _______________. It has his name here.
possessive
de él
8. Mexico City has a lot of problems. ______ greatest problem today is overpopulation.
possessive …
su… (de México)
Complete the following translations with a correct pronoun.
1. Es para él.
2. Es de él. Dáselo.
3. Es él. Ábrele le puerta.
4. Es de él de quien hablábamos.
5. ¿Es ella la que está allá afuera?
6. ¿Es de ella el carro?
7. No es de ella. Es mío
8. Fuimos con ella.
9. Nos están molestando.
10. Se los dije.
11. Nos viste ayer.
12. Me fui en tren.
13. Me llevaron a la escuela en coche.
14. Ya llegó Juan. Dale los suyos.
15. Ya llegó María. Dale los suyos .
It is for ___________.
It is _____________. Give ____ to ____.
It is ________. Open the door for _______.
It is _____ whom ____ were talking about..
Is it ___________outside?
Is it ___________ car?
It isn´t _________. It´s __________.
______ went with ______.
________ are bothering __________.
________ told ___________.
________ saw _________ yesterday.
_________ went by train.
_________ drove ________ to school.
Juan is here. Give ________ ______
María is here. Give _______ _____
Other pronouns. Using the expressions in the boxes translate the sentences.
this (esta, este, esto)
these (éstas, éstos)
that (ésa, ése, eso, aquél, aquélla)
those (ésos, aquéllos, ésas, aquéllas)
1. Quiero éstas.
6. Fueron con éstos.
2. Quiero ésa.
7. Tráeme aquéllos.
3. Dame ésos.
8. Necesitas éste.
4. No vi ésas.
9. Ésta es la mía.
5. Éstos están bien.
10. No hagas eso.
17
one – ones (el, la, los,las)
1. Quiero los de la caja.
2. Enséñame los azules.
3. Hay uno en la mesa.
4. Compra el que te guste.
5. Dame el verde.
I want the __________ in the box.
Show me the blue ___________
There is one on the table.
Buy the _________ you like.
Give me the green _______.
another (otro singular)
the other (el otro, el que queda)
other … (otros ...)
the other( los otros …)
1. Pásame otra copia.
2. Déjame ver la otra.
3. Quiero otros dos.
4. Buscaré otros.
5. Ya llegaron los otros.
others (otros)
the others ( los otros)
Pass me __________ copia.
Let me see _____________.
I want ___________ two.
I´ll look for ___________.
____________ are here.
… who … (… quien …)
... whom ... (a/para/con quien)
... whose ...( cuyo, cuya, cuyos, cuyas)
… which … ( …. que ….)
… that … (… que/quien …)
1.
2.
3.
4.
El alumno que no presente examen no pasará.
El libro que está en la mesa no es el mío.
El señor con quien hablaste ayer te está esperando.
El niño cuyo padre falleció no vendrá esta semana a clases.
What do the words in bold letters refer to? (10 points, 2 points each)
Marjorie Mosley wrote an article in the series from first-year nurses at Stockport School of
Nursing. It describes how the nurses helped Mrs. Morgan overcome the monotony of her diet and
their attempt to persuade her to mix more with the other patients, because they would make her
feel better.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
it ( line2) ________________________________________________________________
her ( line 2) _____________________________________________________________
their ( line 3) _____________________________________________________________
her ( line 3) ____________________________________________________________
they ( line 3) ____________________________________________________________
Choose a, b, or c and write it on the line.
1. What are ___________________ names?
a. your
b. yours
c. you
2. He doesn´t know _______________ mother.
a. your
b. yours
c. you
18
3. Are these _____________________? They have your name on.
a. your
b. yours
c. you
4. The teacher wants to speak to _______________.
a. she
b. her
c. hers
5. I believe ________________ won´t come.
a. she
b. her
c. hers
6. We read your project, but we didn´t see ______________.
a. she
b. her
c. hers
7. You must look for _______________ things. I´ll look for mine.
a. your
b. yours
c. You
8. I need ________________ book.
a. other
b. another
9. I didn´t see ____________ possibilities.
a. others
b. the other
10. Here are two plates. I´ll take this one. You may use ______ one.
a. other
b. the other
VERBS
I. Kinds of verbs
A. action (name the action)
e.g. trabajo
I work
corre
He woks
B. linking (link subj. –adj, sub. –adv.)
e.g. Soy feliz.
I am happy.
Estamos cansado
We are tired.
Se ve enfermo
He looks sick.
Se siente mal.
She feels bad.
II. Verb forms
A. base form (bf), -s, -ing, past, past participle pp, to bf.
1. regular verbs: el pasado y el participio se forman con –ed /t/
BF
-S
-ING
PAST
PP
MEANING
WORK
WORKS
WORKING
WORKED
WORKED
TRABAJAR, FUNCIONAR
PLAY
PLAYS
PLAYING
PLAYED
PLAYED
JUGAR, TOCAR, ESCUCHAR
2. irregular verbs: formas especiales para el pasado y el participio
BF
-S
-ING
PAST
PP
DO
DOES
DOING
DID
DONE
MAKE
MAKES
MAKING
MADE
MADE
MEANING
HACER (TAREA, TRABAJO,
NEGOCIO, …)
HACER (DINERO, CITAS,
COMPARACIONES, COMIDA,…)
19
HAVE
HAS
HAVING
HAD
HAD
BE
AM, IS. ARE
BEING
WAS,
WERE
BEEN
TENER ( POSEER)
SER, ESTAR
TENER (EDAD, SENTIMIENTO)
HACER (TEMPERATURA)
LLEGAR (A TIEMPO, TEMPRANO
TARDE)
Using verb forms correctly.
I.
Obedezco el auxiliar.
A. Be + ing (I am, you are, he is, she is, it is, we are, they are; I was, you were, he was,
she was, it was, we were, they were)
1. Voz activa (el sujeto lo hace)
a. is, are , am + ing ( está pasando o va a pasar seguro)
b. was, were + ing ( estaba pasando …cuando…)
2. Voz pasiva (el sujeto no lo hace)
a. is, are, am + pp (sucede)
b. was, were + pp (sucedió)
c. will be+ pp
(va a pasar)
B. Have, has (he,she, it) + participio
1 . ya se hizo (already)
2. se ha hecho varias veces
3. se acaba de hacer (just)
4. haven´t o hasn´t + pp todavía no se hace (yet))
C. Cualquier otro auxiliar o modificador + base form.
1. do – does (he, she, it) + bf
(sucede)
2. did + bf
(sucedió)
3. will + bf
(va a pasar: no planeado o promesa)
4. can + bf
( posible)
5. could +bf
(fue posible)
6. must + bf
(obligación)
7. had to+ bf
(se tuvo que hacer)
8. should + bf
(sugerencia)
9. may + bf
(permiso)
10. might + bf
(quizá, a lo mejor)
11. mustn´t
(prohibición)
12. can´t
(no posible o no permitido)
13. let´s
(invitación)
II) Obedezco el verbo principal
A. verb + to bf
1. want to bf
2. plan to bf
3. need to bf
4. would like to bf
5. would love to bf
6. prefer to bf
7. is, are, am going to bf
8. used to bf
B. verb + ing
1. enjoy + -ing
20
2. is, are am used to + ing
3. go + ing
4. stay + ing
C. verb + bf
1. make x bf
D. verb + -ing or to bf
1. like
2. hate
3. love
4. prefer
E. verbo + past
1. wish (ojalá tuviera)
III. Verbos como sujeto u objeto -ing
IV. Verbos después de preposiciones -ing
I´m good at …
How about …?
I´m interested in … Before …
Instead of …
After …
V. to + bf
VI. No hay a quien obedecer, me sitúo
Sucede: bf o -s
a. ya se hizo
b. pasó y puede
seguir pasando.
está pasando
is, are am,-ing:
estaba pasando
was, were + ing
c. acaba de pasar
d. todavía no pasa
__________________________________________ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
sucedió:
past
va a pasar:
a. will bf
b. is,are am
going to bf
c. is, are, am
–ing
A. sucede (time clues: always, never, usually, sometimes, often, never, every…)
1. Si uso be
a. I am, you are, he is, she is, it is, we are, they are
2. Otro verbo
a. he, she , it el verbo con –s
b. I, you, o equivalente a we, they el verbo en base form
c. Para negar o preguntar el auxiliar do o does + base form
21
Have
pp
B. está sucediendo ( time clues: now, in this moment)
1. is, are, am + ing
C. sucedió ( time clues: yesterday, …ago, last…,)
1. Si uso be
a. I was, you were, he was, she was, it was, we were, they were
2. Otro verbo
a. past
c. Para negar o preguntar el auxiliar did + base form
D. estaba sucediendo cuando… (time clues: at that moment, when x past…)
1. was, were + ing
E. va a pasar (ya planeado y decidido) (time clues: tomorrow, next…, in…, son)
1. casi seguro
is, are, am + going to + base form
2. 100% seguro
is, are, am + -ing
3. propuesta, predicción, ofrecimiento
will + base form
F. ya se hizo (already)
1. I, you, we they
have already + pp
.2. He, she it
has already + pp
G. no se ha hecho (yet)
1. I, you, we, they
haven´t +pp……… yet.
2. He, she, it
hasn´t + pp ……:.. yet.
H. se ha hecho y se puede volver a hacer (since…., for…)
1. I, you, we, they,
have + pp
2. He, she it
has + pp
I. se acaba de hacer (just)
1. I, you, we,they
have just + pp
2. he, she it
has just +pp
J. dar órdenes
1. affirmative
Base form
2. Negarive
Don´t base form
VIII. Condicionales
X bf or X -s
X bf or X -s
X will bf
Bf , Don´t bf
X past
X would bf
X had pp
X would have bf
If
A. real, posible o incluso regla de vida
1.. If subj – bf ____, (I, you. We, they). bf (si pasa esto, pasa esto otro)
2. If subj. – br ____, (he, she it )
-s (si pasa esto, pasa esto otro)
3.. If subj – bf ____, subj. will bf
(si pasa esto, pasará esto otro)
4.. If subj – bf ____, bf /don´t bf
(si pasa, orden)
22
B. muy poco probable o imposible
1. If subj. past___, subj. would bf (No sucede, pero si pasara esto, esto
otro pasaría)
C. No pasó ,pero si hubiera pasado esto, esto otro habría pasado
1. If subj. had+pp___, subj. would bf
1. If I were millionaire, ________________________________________
2. If my friend died, ___________________________________________
3. If the teacher arrives late, _____________________________________
4. If I had got a ten in the examn, _________________________________
5. If I had been absent today, ______________________________________
6. ______________________________ if I can.
7. ______________________________ if I could.
8. ______________________________ if I had been able to.
9. ______________________________ if I were in Europe,
10. ______________________________ if I have homework.
Activa y pasiva
Conjuga el verbo en activa y pasiva.
Active (see)
see
saw
seen
Passive (be seen)
sucede
sucedió
va a pasar
presente perfecto
está pasando
estaba pasando cuando...
-ría
see / sees
saw
will see
has/ have seen
is/are/am seeing
was/were seeing
would see
is / are /am seen
was/were seen
will be seen
has/ have been seen
Is /are /am being seen
was/ were seen
would be seen
puede pasar
tiene que pasar
a lo mejor pasa
permiso para ...
sugerencia
can see
must see
might see
may see
should see
can be seen
must be seen
might be seen
may be seen
should be seen
Verb forms
Active
Passive
buy
____________
____________
____________ ____________________
____________ ____________________
____________
____________________
____________ ____________________
____________ ____________________
____________ ____________________
____________
____________________
____________ ____________________
____________ ____________________
___________ ____________________
____________ ____________________
_____________ ______________________
con modificador
sucede
sucedió
va a pasar
presente perfecto
está pasando
estaba pasando cuando…
-ría
con modificador puede pasar
tiene que pasar
a lo mejor pasa
permiso para …
sugerencia
23
1. Lo encuentras en todas partes.
2. Se vende en todos lados.
3. Se hace en México
4. Lo vas a ver donde sea.
5. Se lo dieron
6. Se encontró en 1789.
7. Se tiene que hacer.
8. Lo tengo que ver
9. Lo traerán el mes que entra
10. El maratón en México se corre una vez al año
find/everywhere
sell/ everywhere
make
see / anywhere
give
find
do
see
bring
maratón – run – once a year
AUXILIARIES
-ing (activa
BE
HAVE
pp
DO
bf WILL
bf
MODIFIERS
bf
pp (pasiva
is
are
am
have
has
do
does
can
(posible)
may (permiso)
should (sugerencia)
might (probable)
must (obligación)
would (-ría)
was
were
had
did
could (possible)
USING AUXILIARIES
I. INTERROGATIVE:
Aux – subj. – v
Si hay auxiliary con ese mismo se hace la pregunta y el verbo se conserva como está. Si no hay
auxiliar y el verbo está en bf se usa do +bf; si el verbo está con s, se usa does + bf; si el verbo está
en pasado, se usa did + bf.
1. He plays.
2. They will succeed.
3. The teacher is out.
II. NEGATIVE
4. He argued all the time.
5.They must keep on working until they finish.
subj. - aux+not – v
Si hay auxiliar con ese mismo se hace el negativo y el verbo se conserva como está. Si no
hay auxiliar y el verbo está en bf se usa don´t +bf; si el verbo está con s, se usa doesn´t + bf; si el
verbo está en pasado, se usa didn´t + bf.
1. She´s late.
2. They have finished.
3. We can stay.
4. They´re going to make comparisons.
5. We´ll find out the truth.
24
III. QUESTION TAGS
You use questions tags to confirm ideas.
Example: You think the exam is easy.
You think they can´t come.
The exam is
easy, isn´t it?
They
can´t
come, can
1. You think it doesn´t matter.
2. You think she´s confused.
3. You think they´re punished.
4. You think it has already been presented.
5. You think they need more practice.
6. You think it must be finished by next class.
7. You think they can´t assume that responsibility,
8. You think they haven´t learned the lesson.
9. You think they were too tired.
10. You think it was produced by Pixar.
IV. TO AGREE OR DISAGREE
, and I ______ too
, and I _______ either.
, but I _________.
(también)
(tampoco)
(pero….sí o pero … no)
1. She has finished prepa, _____
2. They are messy students, _______
3. They had a lot of homework, ______
4. She pays attention in class, _______
5. They would like to graduate with honors, ____________
, and so ________ I
(también)
,and neither ___not____ I
(tampoco)
, but I _____________
(pero…sí o pero… no)
1. He speaks English fluently, ___________
2. She used to play videogames in Junior High, ________
3. He´ll graduate in June, __________________________
4. They can study abroad, _________________________
5. He should respect the teachers, ___________________
6. They aren´t interested in the project, ______________
7. They won´t come on Sunday, ____________________
8. The teacher doesn´t sing well, ___________________
9. He hasn´t been in college, _______________________
10. The teacher loves the class, ______________________
25
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT AUXILIARY.
1. _______ you come yesterday?
2. ______ he finished?
3. ______ he having lunch when you arrived?
4. ______ they usually get to school early?
5. He takes French lessons. I ____________ because I hate French.
6. It was easy, ___________ it?
7. They were sick last week, _____________ they?
8. She won´t come tomorrow, but you _____________.
9. My friends lives downtown, and so _____________ the teacher.
10. It´s late, ___________ it?
11. He never watches TV in the mornings and neither ___________ I.
12. They _________ not graduated yet.
13. I _____________ not in fifth grade.
14. She __________ not trying to fool you. She never _________ it.
15. He never forgets my birthday, but if he ______________, I wouldn´t get angry.
USING VERBS CORRECTLY
Write a, b, c or d on the line.
1. If he comes next time, I ____________ him about this problem.
a. tell
b. would tell c. will tell
d. told
2.. If he ____________ I would have seen him.
a. comes
b: came
c. come
d. had come
3. Cars _____________ every year.
a. inspect b.are inspected
c. are inspecting d. inspected
4. If he ____________ help, I will give him a hand.
a. needs
b. need
c. needed
d. is needed
5 This product ______________ worldwide.
a. sells
b. is sold
c. sold
6. Last week the reports __________________ by some students.
a. were written
b. writes
c. wrote
8. If you __________ hungry, I would get you a sandwich.
a. is
b. are
c. were
d. was
9. He _________________ the homework yet.
a. no finish
b. didn´t finish
c. hasn´t finished
10. We _________________ this movie three times.
a. have been seen
b. have seen
11. Madonna __________________ by reporters in Ibiza.
a. has seen
b. has been seen
12. I ___________________ singing lessons next month.
a. take
b. taking
c. am taking
13. Yesterday he ___________ a nice letter to him.
a. write
b. wrote
c. writes
14. He ___________ the student the results every month.
a. give
b. gave
c. gives
26
15. What did he _____________ last year?
a. do
b. did
c. does
16. I´d like _________ him.
a. see
b. to see
c. seeing
17. He is going _____________ the exam tomorrow.
a. to answer
b. answers c. answering
18. I _________ in fifth grade last year.
a. were
b. be
c. was
19. When must you _______ to the doctor?
a. go
b. to go
c. goes
20. He´s _____________ next week.
a. coming
b. come
c. comes
21. Doctors __________ a cure for cancer soon.
a. find
b. will find
c. found
22. _____________an artist is incredible.
a. be
b. am
c. being
23. He´s good at Math and I ___________ too.
a. do
b. have
c. am
24. She wants to be a teacher, ________ she ?
a. doesn´t
b.don´t
c. does
25. If I were the teacher, I wouldn´t __________ the students chat so much.
a. let
b. letting
c. to let
26. Maybe I ___________________ go away next month.
a. am
b. will
c. go
27. The boss __________ finished the report yet.
a. didn´t
b. was
c. hasn´t
28. ___________ smoke. It´s dangerous.
a. Do
b. Don´t
c. Doesn´t
29. He wishes he _______________.
a. can come
b. could come
30. I wish I _______________ money to buy this house.
a. have
b. had
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Write on the line the correct option from the box.
who whom whose
how why
what which
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
that
where
when
The Azteca Stadium is ___________________América plays.
Please explain to me ____________________ you couldn’t come.
Do you know _____________ to speak English?
The man ___________came yesterday is calling.
I didn’t see the report __________________ was on the table.
The day _______ I got married is unforgettable.
The decision ________ I regret mostly in my life is quitting college.
Cantinflas ________ pictures are famous was born in Mexico.
He didn´t explain _______________ I wanted.
The boy _____________ I opened the door to wants to see you.
27
CONNECTORS
CONNECTING IDEAS
TIME CONNECTING WORDS: before, after, since, while, when, as, until, whenever
PLACE CONNECTING WORDS: where, wherever
Nobody saw the old man when he came into the room.
Nobody saw the old man until he came into the room.
cuando entró
hasta que entró
Nadie lo vio
Nobody saw the old man after he came into the room.
Nobody saw the old man before he came into the room.
después de que entró
antes de entrar
Please ask him to see me when he arrives
Please ask him to see me after he arrives.
cuando llegue.
después que llegue.
Dile que me vea
Please ask him to see me as soon as he arrives
Please ask him to see me whenever he arrives.
1. We had dinner ___________ he arrived.
2. Please remind me to take my coat ________ I leave.
3. ________ you go, please be careful.
4. Please stay here __________ I come back.
5. He asked for coffee _________ he was having lunch.
6. He will be a doctor _________ he grows up.
7. I have studied
__________ I was a child.
8. ___________ finish, I´ll leave.
9. Come to see me ____________ you have time.
10. There was an accident _________ I work.
11. _________ you go, please be careful
12. _________________ I go I meet good friends.
Cause – reason:
en cuanto llegue
cuando llegue (a
cualquier hora)
(después de que llegó)
(antes de irme)
(siempre que vayas)
(hasta que llegue)
(mientras comía)
(cuando crezca)
(desde que era niño)
(en cuanto termine)
(cada vez que tengas tiempo)
(donde)
(adonde vayas)
(en todos lados, dondequiera)
because , since, as, for, because of + noun
I have to study all night because I have an exam tomorrow
since I have an exam tomorrow
for I have an exam tomorrow
as I have an exam tomorrow
because of the exam tomorrow
Purpose – result: in order that, so that, (in order) to
Mary is helping me with the dishes in order that we may go to town early.
so that we may go to town early.
in order to go to town early
to go to town early.
28
Illogical or unexpected results : although, (even) though , in spite of + noun , but ...
anyway
Mr. Brown left the house without a raincoat although it was raining.
even though it was raining
in spite of the rain
It was raining, but he left the house anyway.
Match each sentence with its translation into English
1. Lo escribimos porque los alumnos lo necesitaban.
2. A pesar de que traía un abrigo grueso tenía frío.
3. Llegó tarde pues no tenía coche.
4. No tenemos clases debido a la junta de maestros.
5. No pueden ir al cine pues no tienen dinero.
6. A pesar de tener 4 hijos mantenía la casa limpia.
7. Le gusta ir ahí por la comida.
8. Aunque tenía cita con el dentista, se fue al cine.
9. Huele como si algo se estuviera quemando.
10. Como tenemos vacaciones, iremos a México.
(
) I felt cold in spite of my wearing a heavy coat.
(
) Since she didn´t have a car, she arrived late.
(
) We wrote it because the students needed it.
(
) It smells as if something is burning.
(
) He likes going there because of the food.
(
) She kept her house clean in spite of her having four children.
(
) Although she had an appointment with the dentist, she went to the cinema.
(
) We don´t have classes tomorrow because of the teacher´s meeting.
(
) As they don´t have money, they can´t go to the cinema.
(
) Since we have a vacation, we will go to México.
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Additional information: besides, in addition, and, furthermore, also, similarly, moreover,
likewise
Contrast or contrary information: but, however, on the other hand, in contrast,
nevertheless, on the contrary,
still, otherwise, yet
Result or consequence information: therefore, consequently, so, hence, accordingly,
thus.
Choose the correct expression in parenthesis to complete the sentence logically.
1. He drove very well; (consequently, besides, however) we arrived fast.
2. He doesn´t like final examinations; (furthermore, nevertheless, as a result) he
always gets good grades.
3. You can find many bargains in stores after Christmas; (moreover, however,
therefore) the merchandise is very useful.
4. Evelyn can´t play the piano; (in addition, but, consequently) she can sing
beautifully.
5. Father can read most printed matter without his glasses; (so, and, but ) he can´t
read our small writing.
6. Mr. Bale can speak three or four foreign languages; (furthermore, so, but) he
has no trouble traveling.
7. You should tell your father about the accident; (also, therefore, however) you
should explain it wasn´t your fault.
8. He drank many cups of strong coffee last night; (in addition, so, however) he
couldn´t sleep.
9. Dr. Gill took a taxi home; (but, and, consequently) it isn´t a very long walk to his
place.
10. Mr. Kramer made out his income tax report yesterday; (also, however, so) he
won´t send it in until next week.
COMBINING SENTENCES
Combine the sentences using appositives.
1. I am a bouncer at a nightclub. A bouncer is a kind of security guard.
2. Marco Vasquez is a forensic scientist in Brazil. He studies things like hair, small pieces, of
glass, clothes, and shoes to find information that will be useful to the police.
3. “Secret Shoppers” go into a store to check standards. They are people that look like a
customer, but who really work for the store.
4. Dan Caldewell is a prisoner on Death Row in California. He lives twenty-three hours each
day in a tiny cell.
5. The Mona Lisa is the most famous painting by Leonardo da Vinci. It was stolen on August
22, 1911.
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Combine the following sentences into one.
1. I am studying my carreer. I study in Ceul. Ceul is a business school in Roma Colony.
2. I decided to study here. The tuitions are not too expensive. The teachers are good. They have a
good academic program.
3. Peter has teachers. They are good. They are seldom absent. He likes his school.
4. The principal normally finds someone to substitute when a teacher is absent. We usually have all our
classes.
5. The teachers normally explain well. Some of the students don´t understand the lessons.
6. Here are two suggestions to sleep easier. Try to go to bed at the same time every night. Get up at the
same time every morning.
7. Valium is a dangerous product. It is a medicine. It is very strong. It helps nervous people to calm down.
8. Go to the drugstore. Get me a bottle of baking soda. I also need some sunburn lotion. Can you also bring
A box of cough drops. They are for John.
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