Name____________KEY______________________________ Date __________
Biology EOCT Review
You will work daily to complete sections of this review & it will be spot checked daily. It is
designed to motivate you to go back to units that we have covered and go back through your
notes, worksheets, labs, etc. Remember that the EOCT is a performance based test and
knowing/recalling this information will hopefully aid you in answering performance based
questions.
Scientific Process & Nature of Biology:
1. A possible answer to a question that can be tested by an experiment is called
a ___hypothesis___. (an educated guess/prediction)
2. Define Independent Variable & which axis on a graph do you put the
dependent variable on? [DRY MIX] the variable manipulated by the
experimenter you graph it on the x axis [“DRY MIX”:Dependent Responding
Y axis Manipulated Independent X axis]
3. What is the difference between qualitative & quantitative data (give
examples)? Quantitative involves numbers (an a unit) “7 meters” and
qualitative describes with words “short”
4. What is the base unit for length, mass, & volume in the metric system?
Length – meter, mass – gram, volume – liter or cubic meter
5. List the most common metric prefixes used in the correct order:
Kilo, hecto, deca, “base unit”, deci, centi, milli
“kangaroos hopping down under drinking chocolate milk”
6. Convert 10 km to mm & explain how this is done.
10 km = 10,000,000 mm moved the decimal 6 places to the right used
the prefix method and “hopped” from kilo to milli and that was 6 places right
7. How can you display data obtained during an experiment? Graph or data
table
8. An explanation of data based on facts but not on direct observation is a(n)
__inference__. (The pavement is wet when I go out, so I think that it rained.)
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9. In a lab report on the study of the effects of different fertilizers on the growth
or marigolds, where would you MOST likely find a graph that shows how the
variables are related?
a. hypothesis b. procedure c. data d conclusions
10. Why would you wear goggles and an apron during a lab activity? To protect
your eyes and clothes
11. What do you call the part of the microscope that you look through?
Eyepiece or ocular
12. What do you use to clean a microscope (lenses)? lenspaper
13. When preparing a slide, what do you cover the specimen with? Coverslip
14. __Genetics______ is the branch of biology that studies heredity.
15. __Botany_____________ is the study of plants.
16. A person that studies the interactions between organisms & their
environment is studying ___ecology___________.
17. A scientist is testing the efficiency of various microwaves by measuring the
temperature of water after being heated at high power for one minute. The
temperature measured in this test is an example of:
a. a controlled variable b. an independent variable c. qualitative data d. quantitative
data
(it’s the dependent variable and that isn’t a choice)
18. A student asks, “Why don’t people get goose bumps on their faces?” Where
would the student MOST likely find the answer to this question?
a. an almanac b. a dictionary c. the internet d a thesaurus
Cellular Basis of Life
19. List the three parts of the cell theory: the cell is the basic unit of life, all
living things are composed of cells and cells come from cells
20. List the characteristics of living things: made of cells, reproduce, respond,
metabolize (use materials & energy), grow and develop, have a universal
genetic code, maintain stable internal environment, change over time
21. What is the difference between unicellular & multicellular organisms? Unione celled, multi- many cells
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22. A eukaryotic cell has a _____nucleus_____ and a prokaryote does not.
23. Give an example of a prokaryotic organism. Bacteria (archae or eu)
24. What organelle is found only in plants and carries out photosynthesis?
chloroplast
25. What do Golgi bodies (apparatus) do? Package proteins (enzymes inside
attach carb & lipds to proteins)
26. Where are proteins produced? ribosomes
27. The maintenance of internal equilibrium is called ____homeostasis___.
28. What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis? Diffusion is the
movement of molecules from areas of greater concentration to areas of lesser
concentration. Osmosis is the special name for the diffusion of water.
29. What type of transport (active or passive) is facilitated transport (diffusion)?
Passive (no energy required by the cell).
30. What is endocytosis? Process of taking material into the cell by means of
infoldings or pockets of the cell membrane.
31. A cell in a hypotonic solution will ___swell & burst (“hippo”) ________.
32. What is an isotonic solution? Dissolved substances are equal in the solution
and the cell.
33. What organelle is responsible for releasing energy for the cell? mitochondrion
(Go back to your flip book with cell parts and study the function of each!)
Chemical Basis of Life
34. The basic building block of all matter is an __atom________.
35. What is the difference between an element and a compound? Element all the
same type of atom. A compound is 2 or more elements combined chemically.
36. What does the atomic number tell you? The number of protons
37. Where are electrons found? “clouds” or “shells” outside the nucleus
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38. What type of bond is formed between two nonmetals where they share
electrons? covalent
39. What type of bond is formed when an atom gives (transfers) an electron to
another atom? ionic
40. What is the pH scale? (describe where acids and bases fall) a measurement
system designed to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
Acids are less than 7 and Bases are above 7. It is numbered zero to 14. 7 is
neutral. The closer to 0, more acidic. Closer to 14, more basic.
41. Water is inorganic. (true or false)
42. List four organic (macromolecules). Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, &
Nucleic Acids
43. Which of these molecules releases energy? carbohydrates
44. Which stores energy for organisms? lipids
45. What type of molecule is made up of chains of amino acids? Proteins (&
don’t forget that enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions).
46. The genetic information an organism receives is in the form of _nucleic____
___acid________. (one of the macromolecules studied)
47. Chemical reactions that convert the food molecules (sugar) to energy in a
process called _cellular respiration_________. (oxygen is part of the reaction
too)
48. What is the name of the special molecule that stores energy for the cell? ATP
49. When a phosphate group is removed from the answer to the question above,
what is released? (two things) ADP + energy
50. Write the equation for photosynthesis.
6CO2 + 6H20 (+ sunlight)  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon dioxide + water (+ sunlight)  glucose (high energy sugars) and oxygen
51. How is the photosynthesis equation related to the respiration equation? It is
the opposite, respiration is when glucose and oxygen react to release energy
and produce water and carbon dioxide
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52. A DNA nucleotide and an RNA nucleotide both contain:
a. an amino acid, a phosphate group, and a (nitrogenous) base
b. an amino acid, a base, and a sugar
c. a sugar a phosphate group and a (nitrogenous) base
d. a sugar, a phosphate group, and an amino acid
53. It has been observed that the proportions of adenine and thymine bases in a
DNA molecule are equal, as are the proportions of cytosine & guanine. This
is BEST explained by
a. helical base structure
b. antiparallel base arrangement
c. identical base substitution
d. complementary base pairing
54. The process by which messenger RNA is made form a DNA molecule is
called_____transcription____________.
55. Where (in a cell) does translation occur? At the ribosome in the cytoplasm
56. What is translation? When mRNA codes for tRNA and puts amino acids
together to form proteins to be used by the cell.
Genetics and Patterns of Change
57. List the phases of mitosis in order. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, &
telophase
58. What is the name of the stage of the cell cycle when growth, metabolism &
preparation for division occurs? Interphase – it lasts the longest.
59. What is cytokinesis? Division of the cytoplasm (mitosis is division of the
nucleus)
60. At which stage do the duplicated chromosomes line up in the middle of the
cell? metaphase
61. How many cells are produced through mitosis? 2
62. In unicellular organisms, mitosis is essential for ____reproduction (asexual)_.
63. What does meiosis produce? Sex cells (gametes, sperm/egg)
64. What is the difference between haploid and diploid? Haploid is half the
regular number of chromosomes which gametes must have.
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65. Alternate versions of genes are known as ____ alleles_______.
66. If the two alleles in a pair are identical then the trait is called (homozygous,
heterozygous). Remember homo means “same”.
67. If a parent cell has 24 chromosomes, a daughter cell after meiosis will
contain ___12_____ chromosomes.
68. What is nondisjunction? Error in meiosis when homologous chromosomes
don’t separate…this can lead to genetic disorders of trisomy or monosomy.
69. What is genetic engineering & give an example of it. The process of making
changes in the DNA code of a living organism. Crops are genetically
engineered to keep insect pests out.
70. What is a mutation? Change in DNA sequence that affects genetic
information Can result from changes in a single gene or whole
chromosomes.
71. When does crossing over occur? Prophase I of Meiosis I
72. Brown eyes are dominant to blue/green eyes. Cross a heterozygous brown
eyed person with a homozygous brown eyed person. Use a punnett square
and list the phenotype under the genotypes of each individual.
73. What does the Law of Segregation state? Alleles are segregated from each
other so that each gamete has a single copy of each gene.
74. What does the Law of Independent Assortment state? Genes for different
traits can segregate independently when forming gametes.
75. A genetic cross that only looks at one trait is called a ____monohybrid_ cross.
76. Where are genes located? On chromosomes
(Study your mitosis and meiosis foldables!)
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Ecology & the Environment
77. What is ecology? The study of interactions among organisms and between
organisms and their environment.
78. What is the difference between biotic & abiotic factors? Biotic living and
abiotic nonliving
79. Give an example of a population found in the desert biome. cactus
80.
What is the difference between a community and an ecosystem? A community
is a group of populations that live together in a defined area and an ecosystem involves the
organisms + their environment which includes abiotic components.
81. An organism’s role (job) in its community is called its _____niche_.
82. What would the habitat be for a fish? Pond or ocean
83. Define biomass. The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level.
84. What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph? Autotroph
can carry out photosynthesis and make its own food and a Heterotroph must
consume food.
85. List & describe the three types of consumers (based on what they eat)
Herbivore – plants, Carnivore – meat (animals), Omnivore –eat both
86. Ecosystems with many interconnected food chains make up a __food web__.
87. What happens to energy as it moves from one trophic level of a food chain to
another? Approximately what percentage is transferred? It is lost.
88. A series of changes in an ecosystem is called __succession_____.
89. The point at which the population becomes stable is called the __climax_____
___community______. (The maximum number of individuals of a population
that can be supported by the environment.)
90. What does a graph of exponential growth look like? S curve going up
91. What happens to a graph of growth of a population when it reaches its
carrying capacity? it levels off
92. Describe the climate (precipitation & average temperature) of the tundra
biome. Dry and cold (low precipitation and temps from -25 to -5 Celsius)
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93. Increasing the use of coal could cause additional sulfur oxides to be released
into the atmosphere. Which environmental problem would be the result of
these sulfur dioxides?
a. acid rain b. greenhouse effect c. global warming d ozone depletion
94. What would be the result of an increase in the use of recycled products?
a. resources would be conserved
b. resources would be wasted
c. energy consumption would rise
d. landfill space would swindle
Classification, Bacteria & Viruses
95. The branch of biology that studies the grouping & naming of organisms is
called ____taxonomy (classification)_____.
96. Who first developed a system of classification? Linnaeus
97. What is the most defined level in the system of classification? species
98. List the taxons in order from broadest to most defined: kingdom, phylum,
class, order, family, genus, species [king phillip came over from germany
smiling.]
99. How many kingdoms were in Linnaeus’s system? 2
100. Name these kingdoms and describe very briefly. Plantae and Animalia
these were the only kingdoms known at the time. Now we have six
kingdoms: Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
101. The scientific name of an organism is based on a two-word system called
____bionomial_______ ___nomenclature______________.
102. How do you write a scientific name correctly? Capitalize the genus and
not the species, underline or italicize both
103. What is a virus? Describe its structure too. Nonliving pathogen, consists
of a protein coat and a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
104. What is the difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles? A lytic
virus will kill the cell immediately and the lysogenic virus will lie dormant for a
while before doing the same.
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105. Name some viral diseases that affect animals. Rabies, poli, measles,
AIDS, mumps, flu, yellow fever, common cold
106. List three shapes of bacteria. Bacillus (rod), cocci (sphere) and spirilla
(corkscrew)
107.
What type of reproduction is binary fission? asexual
108. How are bacteria beneficial (to the environment or humans)? They are
decomposers, nitrogen fixers and in many food products (flavoring).
109. Name some ways you can prevent a bacterial infection. Sterilization, wash
hands, proper food handling, disinfectant
110. Name several bacterial diseases. Lyme disease, strep throat, TB, syphilis,
gonorrhea
Protists
111.
Protists are (prokaryotes/eukaryotes).
112. American biologist Lynn Margulis has hypothesized that the first
eukaryotic cells may have evolved form a symbiosis of several cells and that
mitochondria & chloroplasts found in eukaryotic cells may be descended from
aerobic and photosynthetic prokaryotes that began to live inside larger cells.
This is called the ____endosymbiotic__________ theory.
113.
Most are (single/multicellular).
114.
Animal like protists are called ____protozoans______.
115.
Plant like protists are called ___algae_____.
116. What is a pseudopod? “false foot” found on sarcodines (amoebas) used
for locomotion
117. Name two positive effects (benefits) of protists. Part of food chains,
decomposers & saprobes (fungi-like protists).
118.
What protist causes malaria and how do people contract malaria?
Plasmodium – from the bite of an Anopheles mosquito
119. What protist has 2 nuclei, a macronucleus and a micronucleus?
paramecium
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Fungi
120.
Fungi are (prokaryotes/eukaryotes).
121.
Fungi can be saprophytic or parasitic. (true/false)
122. How do fungi get their food? They digest their food outside of their bodies
then absorb it.
123.
What is special about the cell wall of a fungus? They are made of chitin.
124. What are yeasts & how are they beneficial? Unicellular fungi and they are
used for baking and brewing.
Evolution
125.
What was Charles Darwin’s contribution to science? Theory of Evolution
126.
Darwin was hired as a naturalist on what ship? HMS Beagle
127.
What place is famous because of the observations that Darwin made
there? Galapagos Islands
128.
Give the name of Darwin’s book. On the Origin of the Species
129.
The preserved remains of ancient organisms are called ___fossils___
and are important evidence that evolution has occurred over time.
130. Lamarck’s theory of evolution included the idea of use and disuse which
was later proved incorrect, but his contribution was the idea that organisms
____adpapted____________ to their environments. This paved the way for
the work of later biologists.
131.
What is the difference between artificial and natural selection?
Artificial selection is when humans select useful traits from the natural
variation among different organisms when breeding animals. (Horses, dogs)
Natural selection is the process by which individuals that are better suited to
their environment survive and reproduce most successfully and is also called
survival of the fittest. (Nature selects)
132. Darwin called the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its
specific environment __fitness (biological)______________.
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133. Any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of
survival is an ______adaptation______________.
134.
Evidence of evolution:
The ___fossil____________ Record
Geographic ____distribution_______ of living things
____Homologous_______ body structures (different uses, but common
ancestor)
______Vestigal__________ organs (organs with little or no function)
Similarities in embryological development
135.
A random change in allele frequency is ____genetic__ _____drift_____.
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