Myers Psychology for AP: Chapter 5
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25.
addiction: Compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse
10.
consequences.
4.
sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep,
often at inopportune times.
alpha waves: The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed,
awake state.
30.
27.
35.
12.
circadian rhythm: The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms
(for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a
24-hour cycle.
1.
8.
NREM sleep: Non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all
sleep stages except for REM sleep.
28.
delta waves: The large, slow brain waves associated with deep
23.
depressants: Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and
opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.
19.
18.
dream: A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing
through a sleeping person's mind. These are notable for their
hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and
for the person 's delusional acceptance of the content and later
difficulties remembering it.
32.
Ecstasy (MDMA): A synthetic stimulant and mild
hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with
short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotoninproducing neurons and to mood and cognition.
6.
20.
psychoactive drug: A chemical substance that alters
24.
psychological dependence: A psychological need to use a
16.
REM rebound: The tendency for REM sleep to increase
perceptions and moods.
drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.
following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated
awakenings during REM sleep).
3.
REM sleep: Rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage
during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as
paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for
minor twitches) but other body systems are active.
hallucinations: False sensory experiences, such as seeing
something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.
33.
hallucinogens: Psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such
as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the
absence of sensory input.
17.
9.
5.
sleep: Periodic, natural loss of consciousness—as distinct from
unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or
hibernation.
hypnosis: A social interaction in which one person suggests to
another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors
will spontaneously occur.
11.
latent content: According to Freud, the underlying meaning of
29.
LSD: A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid
(lysergic acid diethylamide).
14.
manifest content: According to Freud, the remembered story
line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content).
31.
36.
THC: The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a
21.
tolerance: The diminishing effect with regular use of the same
variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.
dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses
before experiencing the drug's effect.
methamphetamine: A powerfully addictive drug that
stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body
functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time,
appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.
stimulants: Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more
powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural
activity and speed up body functions.
a dream (as distinct from its manifest content).
34.
sleep apnea: A sleep disorder characterized by temporary
cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary
awakenings.
insomnia: Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.
15.
posthypnotic suggestion: A suggestion, made during a
hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer
hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired
symptoms and behaviors.
dissociation: A split in consciousness, which allows some
thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.
13.
physical dependence: A physiological need for a drug, marked
by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is
discontinued.
sleep.
26.
opiates: Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and
heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain
and anxiety.
consciousness: Our awareness of ourselves and our
environment.
7.
night terrors: A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal
and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, these
occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling
asleep, and are seldom remembered.
barbiturates: Drugs that depress the activity of the central
nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and
judgment.
2.
near-death experience: An altered state of consciousness
reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac
arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.
amphetamines: Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing
speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood
changes.
narcolepsy: A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable
22.
withdrawal: The discomfort and distress that follow
discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.