DRAFT Missouri Mathematics Core Academic Standards 4th Grade Glossary
TERM
Additive
Comparison
Angle
Area
Area model
DOMAIN
Operations and
Algebraic Thinking
Measurement and
Data
Number and
Operations in Base
Ten
Number and
Operations in Base
Ten
DEFINITION
ILLUSTRATION
The amount that would be added to a quantity in order to
result in the other quantity.
In additive comparison, the
underlying question is what amount
would be added to one quantity in or
order to result in the other. .
http://commoncoretools.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/ccss_p
rogression_cc_oa_k5_2011_05_302.pdf (p29)
http://commoncoretools.files.wordpr
ess.com/2011/05/ccss_progression_c
c_oa_k5_2011_05_302.pdf (p29)
A geometric shape formed wherever two rays share a
common endpoint.
http://commoncoretools.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/ccss_p
rogression_gm_k5_2012_07_21.pdf (p31)
The size a surface takes up that is measured in square units.
Eather, J. A maths dictionary for kids. Retrieved June 21, 2012,
from http://www.amathsdictionaryforkids.com
Concrete object s or drawings used (to compose and
decompose shapes) that illustrate mathematical concepts and
arithmetic properties.
Supporting reasoning with area diagr
7=5+2
4
http://commoncoretools.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/ccss_p
2012
DRAFT
20 +
8 = 28
4x 5 + 4x2
http://commoncoretools.files.wordpr
ess.com/2011/05/ccss_progression_c
Page 1 of 14
© 2012 Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education
DRAFT Missouri Mathematics Core Academic Standards 4th Grade Glossary
TERM
Benchmark
DOMAIN
Number and
Operations - Fractions
DEFINITION
rogression_cc_oa_k5_2011_05_302.pdf (p26)
A standard by which something can be measured or judged.
ILLUSTRATION
c_oa_k5_2011_05_302.pdf (p26)
Students also reason using
benchmarks such as ½ and 1. For
! ଵଷ
example, they see that < because
!
"
"
ଵଶ
is less than 1 (and is therefore to
ଵଷ
the left of 1) but is greater than 1
ଵଶ
(and is therefore to the right of 1).
Center
Circle
Measurement and
Data
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/benchmark
A point such that every point on the circle is the same
distance from it.
Measurement and
Data
Nichols,E.D. & Swartz, S.L. (1999). Mathematics Dictionary and
Handbook. Honesdale, PA. Nichols Swartz Publishing. (p50 ­
51)
A closed figure with all its points in one plane and the same
distance from a fixed point (the center).
http://commoncoretools.files.wordpr
ess.com/2012/02/ccss_progression_n
f_35_2011_08_12.pdf (p6)
Math on call: A mathematics handbook. (1998).Wilmington,
MA: Great Source Education Group, Inc. (p575).
2012
DRAFT
Page 2 of 14
DRAFT Missouri Mathematics Core Academic Standards 4th Grade Glossary
TERM
Circular arc
Decimal
Decimal
notation
DOMAIN
Measurement and
Data
Number and
Operations –
Fractions
Measurement and
Data
Number and
Operations –
Fractions
DEFINITION
A part of a circle or curve between two points on the circle.
Nichols,E.D. & Swartz, S.L. (1999). Mathematics Dictionary and
Handbook. Honesdale, PA. Nichols Swartz Publishing. (p21)
A number expressed in base ten notation.
ILLUSTRATION
http://www.mathwords.com/a/arc_ci
rcle.htm
Math on call: A mathematics handbook. (1998).Wilmington,
MA: Great Source Education Group, Inc. (p578)
A representation of a fraction or other real number using the
base ten and consisting of any of the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, and a decimal point. Each digit to the left of the decimal
point indicates a multiple of a positive power of ten, while
each digit to the right indicates a multiple of a negative power
of ten
ଷ!
For example, the number 26 ଵ଴଴ can
be written in decimal notation as
26.37, where 2 represents 2 × 10, 6
represents 6 × 1, 3 represents 3 ×
ଵ
ଵ
or 0.1, and 7 represents 7 ×
or
ଵ଴
ଵ଴଴
0.01.
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/decimal+notation
Retrieved June 22, 2012.
Decompose
2012
Number and
Operations –
Fractions
Flexibly using or knowing numbers through creating and
breaking apart to form equivalent representations.
DRAFT
Page 3 of 14
DRAFT Missouri Mathematics Core Academic Standards 4th Grade Glossary
TERM
DOMAIN
DEFINITION
ILLUSTRATION
Adapted from National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
(2000.) Principles and standards for school mathematics.
Reston, VA: (p82)
Degree
Divide (using
multiplicative
comparisons)
Dividend
Measurement and
Data
Operations and
Algebraic Thinking
Number and
Operations in Base
Ten
A unit of angle measure.
http://commoncoretools.files.wordpr
ess.com/2012/02/ccss_progression_n
f_35_2011_08_12.pdf (p6)
1o is the measure of the central angle
ଵ
of a circle formed by rays that cut ଷ ଴
of the distance around the circle.
Adapted from Geometry to go: A mathematics handbook.
(2001). Wilmington, MA: Great Sourced Education Group.
(p453)
Adapted from Geometry to go: A
mathematics handbook. (2001).
Wilmington, MA: Great Sourced
Education Group. (p453)
See Table 3 (Comparisons)
The factor would multiply one quantity by in order to result in
the another quantity
Adapted from
http://commoncoretools.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/ccss_p
rogression_cc_oa_k5_2011_05_302.pdf (p29)
In division, the number that is being divided.
http://commoncoretools.files.wordpr
ess.com/2011/05/ccss_progression_c
c_oa_k5_2011_05_302.pdf (p23)
!
" "#
dividend
2012
DRAFT
!
dividend
Page 4 of 14
DRAFT Missouri Mathematics Core Academic Standards 4th Grade Glossary
TERM
Divisor
DOMAIN
Number and
Operations in Base
Ten
DEFINITION
Nichols, E.D. & Swartz, S.L. (1999). Mathematics Dictionary
and Handbook. Honesdale, PA. Nichols Swartz Publishing.
(p115)
A number by which a number is being divided.
ILLUSTRATION
Adapted from Nichols, E.D. &
Swartz, S.L. (1999). Mathematics
Dictionary and Handbook.
Honesdale, PA. Nichols Swartz
Publishing. (p122)
!
" "#
divisor
Nichols, E.D. & Swartz, S.L. (1999). Mathematics Dictionary
and Handbook. Honesdale, PA. Nichols Swartz Publishing.
(p122)
Endpoint
Equation
Measurement and
Data
Operations and
Algebraic Thinking
Number and
Operations –
Fractions
2012
!
divisor
Adapted from Nichols, E.D. &
Swartz, S.L. (1999). Mathematics
Dictionary and Handbook.
Honesdale, PA. Nichols Swartz
Publishing. (p122)
A point marking either end of a line segment.
Math at hand: A mathematics handbook. (1999).Wilmington,
MA: Great Source Education Group, Inc. (p523).
A mathematical sentence in which two expressions are
connected by an equality symbol.
http://www.smarterbalanced.org/wordpress/wp-
DRAFT
The two expressions connected by
the equality symbol must be
equvalent.
14 + 25 = 39
Page 5 of 14
DRAFT Missouri Mathematics Core Academic Standards 4th Grade Glossary
TERM
Equivalent
fractions
DOMAIN
Measurement and
Data
Number and
Operations –
Fractions
DEFINITION
content/uploads/2012/05/TaskItemSpecifications/Mathematic
s/MathematicsGeneralItemandTaskSpecificationsHighSchool.p
df
Fractions that have the same value or amount.
ILLUSTRATION
14 + 25 = 26 + 13
Fundamental property of equivalent
fractions: multiplying the numerator
and denominator of a fraction by
the same non-zero whole number
results in a fraction that represents
the same number as the original
fraction.
The fundamental property can be
presented in terms of division, as in
e.g.
ଶ"
ଷ
Adapted from Eather, J. A Maths Dictionary for Kids 2012.
Retrieved June 21, 2012, adapted from
http://www.amathsdictionaryforkids.com/dictionary.html
2012
DRAFT
=
ଶ" ସ
ଷ ସ
=
!
#
Because the equations 28  4 = 7 and
36  9 tell us that 28 = 4 x 7 and 36 =
4x 9, this is the fundamental fact in
disguise:
ସ ! !
=
ସ # #
It is possible to over-emphasize the
importance of simplifying fractions
in this way. There is no mathematical
reason why fractions
must be written in simplified form,
although it may be convenient to
do so in some cases.
Page 6 of 14
DRAFT Missouri Mathematics Core Academic Standards 4th Grade Glossary
TERM
Estimation
Expanded form
Factor
Factor pair
DOMAIN
Operations and
Algebraic Thinking
Number and
Operations in Base
Ten
Operations and
Algebraic Thinking
Operations and
Algebraic Thinking
DEFINITION
ILLUSTRATION
http://commoncoretools.files.wordpr
ess.com/2012/02/ccss_progression_n
f_35_2011_08_12.pdf (p5)
A number close to an exact amount; an estimate tells about
how many.
Cavanagh, M. (2002). Math to learn. Wilmington, MA: Great
Source Education Group, Inc. (p318)
A multi-digit number is expressed in expanded form when it is
written as a sum of single-digit multiples of powers of ten.
http://www.corestandards.org/assets/CCSSI_Math%20Standa
rds.pdf (p85)
A number or expression that divides evenly into another
number.
For example, 643 = 600 + 40 + 3
http://www.corestandards.org/assets
/CCSSI_Math%20Standards.pdf
(p85)
The factors of 16 are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16.
http://www.smarterbalanced.org/wordpress/wp­
content/uploads/2012/05/TaskItemSpecifications/Mathematic
s/MathematicsGeneralItemandTaskSpecificationsHighSchool.p
df (p.47)
Two numbers resulting when a given number is
28 can be multiplicatively
multiplicatively decomposed into equal groups.
decomposed as three distinct factor
pairs:
1 x 28
2 x 14
4x7
A number can be multiplicatively
decomposed into equal groups and
expressed as a product of these two
2012
DRAFT
Page 7 of 14
DRAFT Missouri Mathematics Core Academic Standards 4th Grade Glossary
TERM
Formula (as a
multiplication
with an
unknown
factor)
DOMAIN
Measurement and
Data
DEFINITION
ILLUSTRATION
factors (called factor pairs). A prime
number has only one and itself as
factors. A composite number has two
or more factor pairs. A composite
number has two or more factor pairs.
http://commoncoretools.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/ccss_p
rogression_cc_oa_k5_2011_05_302.pdf (p30)
http://commoncoretools.files.wordpr
ess.com/2011/05/ccss_progression_c
c_oa_k5_2011_05_302.pdf (p30)
“Situation equation” refers to the
idea that the student constructs an
equation as a representation of a
situation rather than down a
memorized formula and put in known
values because at identifying the
situation as an example of a familiar
equation.
Repeatedly reasoning about constructing situation equations
for perimeter and area involving an unknown number.
http://commoncoretools.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/ccss_p
rogression_gm_k5_2012_07_21.pdf (p22)
Intersect
Measurement and
Data
To cross over one another or to overlap.
http://commoncoretools.files.wordpr
ess.com/2012/07/ccss_progression_g
m_k5_2012_07_21.pdf (p22)
Intersecting lines
Eather, J. A Maths Dictionary for Kids 2012. Retrieved June 21,
2012, adapted from
http://www.amathsdictionaryforkids.com/dictionary.html
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_gu
ide/Lines-Intersecting-Perpendicular­
Parallel.topicArticleId-18851,articleId­
2012
DRAFT
Page 8 of 14
DRAFT Missouri Mathematics Core Academic Standards 4th Grade Glossary
TERM
DOMAIN
DEFINITION
ILLUSTRATION
18774.html
Line
Line of
symmetry
Geometry
Geometry
A set of points that form a straight path extending infinitely in
opposite directions.
Nichols,E.D. & Swartz, S.L. (1999). Mathematics Dictionary and
Handbook. Honesdale, PA. Nichols Swartz Publishing. (p228)
A line such that if a figure is folded about this line, then one
half of the figure matches the other half.
A method of visually displaying a distribution of data values
where each data value is shown as a dot or mark above a
number line. Also known as a dot plot.
http://www.bing.com/images/search
?q=line+of+symmetry&qpvt=line+of+
symmetry&FORM=IGRE&adlt=strict#v
iew=detail&id=BBF8F68DBA223859A
06F868C2C2B55FF5DDCC07E&selecte
dIndex=2
The horizontal (parallel to or in the
plane of the horizon) scale is marked
off in equal intervals..
Adapted from
http://www.corestandards.org/assets/CCSSI_Math%20Standa
rds.pdf(p86)
Adapted from
http://www.corestandards.org/assets
/CCSSI_Math%20Standards.pdf(p86)
Nichols,E.D. & Swartz, S.L. (1999). Mathematics Dictionary and
Handbook. Honesdale, PA. Nichols Swartz Publishing. (p229)
Line plot
2012
Measurement and
Data
DRAFT
Page 9 of 14
DRAFT Missouri Mathematics Core Academic Standards 4th Grade Glossary
TERM
Line segment
Mass
Measurement
scale
Mixed number
Multiple
Multiplicative
comparison
2012
DOMAIN
Geometry
Measurement and
Data
Measurement and
Data
Number and
Operations - Fractions
Operations and
Algebraic Thinking
Number and
Operations - Fractions
Operations and
Algebraic Thinking
DEFINITION
A part of a line defined by two endpoints.
Nichols,E.D. & Swartz, S.L. (1999). Mathematics Dictionary and
Handbook. Honesdale, PA. Nichols Swartz Publishing. (p229)
Quantity of matter in an object.
Eather, J. A maths dictionary for kids. Retrieved June 21, 2012,
from http://www.amathsdictionaryforkids.com
Numeric values, set at fixed intervals.
ILLUSTRATION
While gravity influences weight, it
does not affect mass. Mass,
measured with a balance scale, can
expressed in grams and kilograms.
Adapted from
http://www.smarterbalanced.org/wordpress/wp­
content/uploads/2012/05/TaskItemSpecifications/Mathematic
s/MathematicsGeneralItemandTaskSpecificationsHighSchool.p
df
Number written as a whole number with a fraction.
Eather, J. A Maths Dictionary for Kids 2012. Retrieved June 21,
2012, adapted from
http://www.amathsdictionaryforkids.com/dictionary.html
The product of a whole number and any other whole number.
Math on call: A mathematics handbook. (1998).Wilmington,
MA: Great Source Education Group, Inc. (p584).
The factor that would be multiplied by a given quantity in
order to result in the other quantity.
DRAFT
In a multiplicative comparison, the
underlying question is what factor
would multiply one quantity in order
to result in the other.
Page 10 of 14
DRAFT Missouri Mathematics Core Academic Standards 4th Grade Glossary
TERM
Number line
diagram
Parallel lines
Perimeter
Perpendicular
lines
DOMAIN
DEFINITION
http://commoncoretools.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/ccss_p
rogression_cc_oa_k5_2011_05_302.pdf (p29)
Number and
Operations –
Fractions,
Measurement and
Data
A diagram of the number line used to represent numbers and
support reasoning about them. In a number line diagram for
measurement quantities, the interval from 0 to 1 on the
diagram represents the unit of measure
for the quantity
Geometry
http://www.corestandards.org/assets/CCSSI_Math%20Standa
rds.pdf(p86)
Never intersecting and always the same distance apart.
Measurement and
Data
Geometry
Adapted from Nichols,E.D. & Swartz, S.L. (1999). Mathematics
Dictionary and Handbook. Honesdale, PA. Nichols Swartz
Publishing. (p274)
The boundary around a two-dimensional shape.
http://commoncoretools.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/ccss_p
rogression_gm_k5_2012_07_21.pdf (p16)
Two lines that intersect at right angles.
ILLUSTRATION
http://commoncoretools.files.wordpr
ess.com/2011/05/ccss_progression_c
c_oa_k5_2011_05_302.pdf (p29)
Parallel lines
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_gu
ide/Lines-Intersecting-Perpendicular­
Parallel.topicArticleId-18851,articleId­
18774.html
Perpendicular lines
Adapted from Nichols,E.D. & Swartz, S.L. (1999). Mathematics
Dictionary and Handbook. Honesdale, PA. Nichols Swartz
Publishing. (p282)
2012
DRAFT
Page 11 of 14
DRAFT Missouri Mathematics Core Academic Standards 4th Grade Glossary
TERM
DOMAIN
DEFINITION
ILLUSTRATION
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_gu
ide/Lines-Intersecting-Perpendicular­
Parallel.topicArticleId-18851,articleId­
18774.html
Prime
Protractor
Operations and
Algebraic Thinking
Measurement and
Data
A number that has exactly two different positive factors, itself
and 1.
Math at hand: A mathematics handbook (p. 531).(1999).
Wilmington, MA: Great Source Education
An instrument for measuring angles in degrees.
Nichols,E.D. & Swartz, S.L. (1999). Mathematics Dictionary and
Handbook. Honesdale, PA. Nichols Swartz Publishing. (p309)
2012
DRAFT
http://commoncoretools.files.wordpr
ess.com/2012/07/ccss_progression_g
Page 12 of 14
DRAFT Missouri Mathematics Core Academic Standards 4th Grade Glossary
TERM
Quotient
DOMAIN
Number and
Operations in Base
Ten
DEFINITION
ILLUSTRATION
m_k5_2012_07_21.pdf
The result of the division of one quantity by another.
!
Math on call: A mathematics handbook. (1998).Wilmington,
MA: Great Source Education Group, Inc. (p589).
Ray
Rectangular
array
Measurement and
Data, Geometry
Number and
Operations in Base
Ten
2012
Operations and
Algebraic Thinking,
Number and
Operations in Base
quotient
!
quotient
A line that has a starting point but no endpoint
Eather, J. A Maths Dictionary for Kids 2012. Retrieved June 21,
2012, adapted from
http://www.amathsdictionaryforkids.com/dictionary.html
A rectangular arrangement of equal rows and columns used to
picture multiplication.
Adapted from Cavanagh, M. (2002). Math to learn (p. 98).
Wilmington, MA: Great Source Education Group, Inc.
Remainder
" "#
2
rows
3 columns
2x3=6
Amount left over after dividing a number
Eather, J. A Maths Dictionary for Kids 2012. Retrieved June 21,
2012, adapted from
DRAFT
Page 13 of 14
DRAFT Missouri Mathematics Core Academic Standards 4th Grade Glossary
TERM
DOMAIN
Ten
Right triangle
Rounding
Standard
Algorithm
Unit fraction
2012
Geometry
Operations and
Algebraic Thinking
Number and
Operations in Base
Ten
Number and
Operations –
Fractions
DEFINITION
http://www.amathsdictionaryforkids.com/dictionary.html
ILLUSTRATION
A plane figure with three segments as sides and three angles.
One angle must be a right angle (90˚)
Fitzgerald, Theresa R. Math Dictionary for Kids 2012. Prufrock
Press Inc., Waco, Texas. 2011
change a number to a more convenient value
Eather, J. A Maths Dictionary for Kids 2012. Retrieved June 21,
2012, adapted from
http://www.amathsdictionaryforkids.com/dictionary.html
Standard Algorithm: A set of predefined steps applicable to a
class of problems that gives the correct result in every case
when the steps are carried out correctly.
Adapted from http://commoncoretools.me/wp­
content/uploads/2011/04/ccss_progression_nbt_2011_04_07
3_corrected2.pdf (p3)
A fraction with a numerator of 1.
Examples:
ଵ
ଶ
ଵ ଵ ଵ
ଷ ସ ଵ଴
Math at hand: A mathematics handbook. (1999).Wilmington,
MA: Great Source Education Group, Inc. (p537)
DRAFT
Page 14 of 14