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Community-Based Family Planning Toolkit
Welcome to the Community-Based Family Planning Toolkit. Community-based family planning
(CBFP) brings family planning information and methods to women and men in the communities
where they live. One of the main objectives of CBFP programs is to increase access to and choice of
contraceptive methods in underserved areas.
Community health workers provide access to a variety of methods, such as oral contraceptives,
condoms, and increasingly, injectable contraceptives. They also educate women and couples to use
fertility awareness methods such as the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) and the Standard
Days Method (SDM), and can make referrals for clinic-based methods. This holistic approach ensures
that clients in the community have access to a range of contraceptive choices to fit their needs.
Four CBFP strategies [1] are used to extend services to the community:
Community-based distribution (CBD) [2],
Mobile services [3]
Community depots [4], and
Engaging the private sector [5].
This toolkit presents a collection of carefully selected resources for health policy makers, program
managers, service providers, information officers, and others. Access these resources by using the
navigation tabs on the right side of every page.
Among the dozens of country CBFP experiences are CBFP assessments in Ghana, Madagascar,
Senegal, and Uganda; mobile services in Bolivia, Georgia, and the Philippines; and lessons learned
from the private sector in India, Mexico, and Madagascar.
Learn more about Community-Based Family Planning. Take the Global Health eLearning
course [6] (registration required).
For more information about Community-Based Access to Injectables, please visit the
Community-Based Access to Injectable Contraceptives Toolkit [7].
What are K4Health Toolkits?
What is the purpose of this toolkit?
Who developed this toolkit?
Who are the publishers of the resources?
What types of resources are included?
Who are the intended audiences?
How do I get started using this toolkit?
How can I suggest a resource to include in this toolkit?
How can I make a comment or give feedback?
What are K4Health Toolkits?
K4Health Toolkits [8] are electronic collections of carefully selected information resources on a
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particular topic for health policy makers, program managers, and service providers. They are based
on a continuous publishing principle that allows them to evolve after publication to capture
additional resources and to identify and fill remaining information gaps.
What is the purpose of this toolkit?
This toolkit contains resources to help policy makers, program managers, service providers, and
other audiences improve access to and quality of community-based family planning (CBFP) services.
Who developed this toolkit?
The Community-Based Family Planning Toolkit is a collaborative effort among the Johns
Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health/Center for Communication Programs [9], ICF Macro [10],
FHI [11], and the U.S. Agency for International Development [12]. Individuals from other
organizations also contributed their experience and expertise to review the toolkit and ensure its
relevance and usefulness, including:
Adrienne Allison, from World Vision [13]
Paige Anderson Bowen, from WellShare International [14]
Milka Dinev, from the Extending Service Delivery (ESD) Project [15]
Susan Gallagher, from Population Services International [16]
John Townsend, from the Population Council [17]
Who are the publishers of the resources?
Resources selected for inclusion in this toolkit were published by the following organizations
working throughout the world to promote evidence-based best practices and improve the delivery of
health services.
Academy for Educational Development [AED] [18]
Academy for Educational Development, Linkages Project [19]
American Red Cross [20]
BASICS II [21]
CARE [22]
CATALYST Consortium [23]
Centre for Development and Population Activities [CEDPA] [24]
Contraception Journal [25]
CORE Group [26]
DFID Resource Centre for Sexual & Reproductive Health [27]
Duke University, Fuqua School of Business, Center for the Advancement of Social Entrepreneurship
(CASE) [28]
Egypt Ministry of Health and Population, Population and Family Planning Sector [29]
EngenderHealth [30]
FHI 360 [18]
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Futures Group, Policy Project [31]
Georgetown University, Institute for Reproductive Health [IRH] [32]
Guttmacher Institute [33]
Health District of Kébémer (Senegal)
ICF Macro [10]
Implementing Best Practices Consortium [34]
Interagency Gender Working Group [IGWG] [35]
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development [World Bank] [36]
International Planned Parenthood Federation [IPPF] [37]
International Youth Foundation [38]
IntraHealth International [39]
IntraHealth International, Capacity Project [40]
Jamia Milia Islamia University, Department of Economics [41]
Japanese Organization for International Cooperation in Family Planning [JOICFP] [42]
Jhpiego [43]
Jhpiego, ACCESS [44]
John Snow, Inc. [JSI] [45]
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Communication Programs [46]
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS [UNAIDS] [47]
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition [48]
Kenya Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Division of Reproductive Health [49]
Kumarian Press [50]
Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College [51]
Management Sciences for Health [MSH] [52]
Management Systems International [53]
Marie Stopes International [54]
Maximizing Access and Quality [MAQ] Initiative
MEASURE DHS [55]
MEASURE Evaluation [56]
National Cancer Institute [57]
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PATH Foundation Philippines, Inc. [PFPI] [58]
Pathfinder International [59]
Pathfinder International, Extending Service Delivery Project [ESD] [15]
Planned Parenthood Association of Ghana [60]
Population Council [61]
Population Council, Frontiers in Reproductive Health [62]
Population Media Center [63]
Population Reference Bureau [PRB] [64]
Population Services International [PSI] [65]
Private Sector Partnerships-One [PSP-One] [66]
Program for Appropriate Technology in Health [PATH] [67]
Project HOPE [68]
Reproductive Health Response in Conflict [RHRC] Consortium [69]
Reproductive Health Supplies Coalition [70]
Save the Children [71]
Social Planning, Analysis and Administration Consultants [72]
Studies in Family Planning Journal [73]
Uganda Ministry of Health [74]
United Nations Foundation [75]
United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA] [76]
U.S. Agency for International Development [USAID] [77]
USAID | Health Policy Initiative [78]
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] [79]
Vodafone Foundation [80]
WellShare International [14], formerly Minnesota International Health Volunteers [MIHV]
Wolfensohn Center for Development at Brookings [81]
World Health Organization [WHO] [82]
World Relief [83]
Zimbabwe National Family Planning Council
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What types of resources are included?
The resources were selected based on a wide search for relevant published and grey literature from
around the world, with health policy makers, program managers, and service providers in mind. For
example, the toolkit contains:
Up-to-date background and reference materials to design evidence-based, state-of-the-art
programs.
Job aids and other tools to increase the effectiveness and quality of program activities and
services.
Various publication formats including books, manuals, briefs, case studies, fact
sheets, project reports, reviews, teaching and training materials, tools, and job aids.
Who are the intended audiences?
Policymakers will find research and information to help set national guidelines about CBFP
programs and plan for future changes in service delivery.
Program managers will find information and job aids to help them design, plan, and
manage CBFP programs.
Community health workers will find tools and job aids to help them provide quality
services to their clients.
Communication professionals can use the toolkit resources to explore strategies, media,
and messages about CBFP.
Trainers can review the latest curricula for training community health workers on family
planning and reproductive health generally and for specific contraceptive methods.
We invite you to suggest resources [84] or adapt the resources in this toolkit to suit your local
circumstances and languages.
How do I get started using this toolkit?
To browse the content of this toolkit, use the navigation tabs above to view resources related to key
program topics. Each tab includes a list of a number of high-quality resources selected by the
Community-Based Family Planning Toolkit Working Group, further organized by sub-topic. Click on
the title of the resource for more information about it, or click on the full-text link to get direct access
to the full resource.
Some of the tools are readily available in an adaptable format (for example, Microsoft Word
documents and PowerPoint presentations). We encourage you to alter and personalize these tools for
your own use. (Please remember to credit the source). If you do use these tools or adapt them, we
would love to hear from you. Please e-mail [85] us. (To make a comment about the toolkit or suggest
a resource, use the discussion board [86].)
How can I suggest a resource to include in this toolkit?
We invite you to contribute to evolving and enhancing this toolkit. If you have developed or use
quality resources that you think should be included in this toolkit, please use the discussion board
[87] to suggest them. The toolkit collaborators will review and consider your suggestions.
How can I make a comment or give feedback?
If you have comments about the toolkit, please Join the Discussion [87]. This is your interactive
discussion board where you can provide continuous feedback about the toolkit. Your feedback will
help to ensure the toolkit remains up-to-date and is continually improved. The discussion board is
also where you can exchange information with other toolkit users. For example, you can share ideas
about how you have used the toolkit in your work so that others can learn from and adapt your
experiences.
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CBFP Strategies
PDF version [88]
Community-based family planning (CBFP) brings family planning information and methods to women
and men in the communities where they live rather than require them to visit health facilities. Four
CBFP strategies have been proven to extend services into the community:
community-based distribution (CBD) [2]
mobile services [3]
community depots [4]
engaging the private sector [5]
Several cross-cutting themes emerge with all four CBFP strategies, including involving the
community in the CBFP program, building interest in the CBFP program and changing family planning
behaviors, and ensuring reliable access to commodity supplies. These cross-cutting themes are
addressed in the Community Mobilization [89], Behavior Change Communication [90], and Program
Design & Management [91] tabs, respectively.
This section of the CBFP Toolkit is intended to provide users with resources that give overviews and
distill lessons learned about CBFP programs, organized largely by the key CBFP strategies. General
overviews and lessons learned about CBFP are availble on this page. Use the navigation menu on the
right side of the page to access information and materials on the four CBFP strategies.
Have a suggested resource or comment about this section? Please fill out our feedback form [92] or
contact us at toolkits@k4health.org [93]. We especially welcome suggestions of resources that
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provide a succinct overview or lessons learned about community depots, mobile services, and
private-sector strategies.
Community-Based Distribution
PDF version [94]
CBD agents are community
members who are selected, trained, and supervised to educate, counsel, and distribute
contraceptive methods to women and men in their village or neighborhood. Using the CBD agent
strategy may be particularly good when:
Traditional, social, or religious customs discourage family planning. CBD agents can help
people understand that family planning is a personal and a community development issue.
They can encourage debate and foster acceptance. As "community insiders," CBD agents can
reach those who influence opinions and behavior, such as religious leaders, husbands, or
mothers-in-law.
Social exclusion prevents some segments of a community from benefiting from other CBFP
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strategies. CBD agents can bring information and methods directly into households.
Other community-based health services are needed. CBD agents can be an entry point for
other health services and directly provide these services. Examples include home-based care
for people living with AIDS, directly observed therapy of tuberculosis, and
community-integrated management of childhood illnesses.
Mobile Services
PDF version [95]
With
mobile services, a team of health care providers travels from a health facility to a community (or
from a higher to a lower-level health facility) to offer family planning services and methods in areas
where services are limited or do not exist. This strategy takes more planning but greatly improves
method choice at the community level.
Mobile services can be effective when you want to:
Expand people’s access to a wider choice of methods, especially provider-dependent
methods and long-acting and permanent methods (LA/PMs).
Bring family planning services to remote and underserved populations.
Provide adequate client caseloads for on-the-job training and refreshers to health workers.
For example, in areas with limited family planning services, people may have access to some family
planning information and methods—typically condoms, pills, and perhaps injectables and fertility
awareness methods. In this scenario, mobile services may be an appropriate, cost-effective way to
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bring LA/PMs to the community.
Mobile services may also be appropriate in areas with no family planning services to reach remote
and underserved populations. The mobile team must build demand for family planning through
education and counseling and meet demand through regular visits. Typically, family planning is just
one of a range of health services provided by the mobile team, which might also provide pre- and
post-natal care, immunizations, and other primary health care services.
Community Depots
PDF version [96]
In a community depot system, an
individual called a depot holder stores contraceptives within the community and distributes them to
clients. A depot holder may or may not be a CBD agent. The depot holder who is not a CBD agent
can:
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Sell or distribute condoms and spermicides.
Sell or distribute resupplies of oral contraceptives to existing users who originally obtained
the method from a CBD agent or health worker. Typically, a depot holder does not have the
training to provide oral contraceptives to new clients. The depot holder should refer new
clients to the nearest CBD agent or health facility for proper screening.
Where the policy permits, a depot holder can sell injectable contraceptives but not carry out
the injection itself.
Judge when new or existing users need more assistance and refer them to the nearest CBD
agent or health facility.
Using the community depot strategy may be particularly good when:
Demand for FP is already high, or demand is being heightened by other activities/strategies.
The depot’s primary purpose is continuity of methods and information for existing clients.
The depot allows clients to resupply in the community rather than travel to the clinic.
Using the strategy alone may not be a good idea when:
Demand for FP is low, and no activities are in place to increase demand. A community depot,
alone, does not increase demand for FP.
Social barriers prevent many people from adopting FP. A depot helps resolve the problem of
users’ physical access to FP supplies but does not solve social access issues.
Private-Public Partnerships
PDF version [97]
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The
private sector covers a wide range of entities including private practitioners, clinics, hospitals,
laboratories, diagnostic facilities, NGOs, faith-based organizations, shopkeepers, traditional healers,
pharmacies, pharmaceutical wholesalers, distributors, and manufacturers. This large and diverse
group, comprising of for-profit and not-for-profit entities, lies outside the public health or government
sector. Engaging the private sector is important for several reasons:
Access. There are a limited number of public sector clinics, hospitals, and dispensaries. The
private sector can add thousands of new access points for FP products and services through
pharmacies/drug stores and private providers.
Health-seeking behavior. Consumers in developing countries spend a substantial portion of
their health care dollars in the private sector. Pharmacies and drug stores are often the first
stop when seeking health care. Ensuring access to essential, high quality contraceptives in
the private sector meets consumer preferences for access.
Cost-effectiveness. Consumers who perceive that the private sector providers and
pharmacies offer more choice, quality, and convenience and are willing to pay for these
services. This allows the public sector services to be used by those with very limited ability to
pay.
Collaboration between non-profits or NGOs is a common way that organizations increase the value of
their programs in a budget-friendly way. No NGO has all the expertise it needs, and it makes sense
to seek the professional services of other non-profits. Look around you for non-profits that may
specialize in the following elements:
Training
Educating individuals and groups
Building local capacity
Developing media
Your project may also find local expertise, materials, or equipment in the for-profit private
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sector in many areas including:
Privately owned radio, television or other media
Advertising
Development of job aids or IEC material
Market research
Health technology campaigns
Specialize in adult education, training, and refresher training
Transportation
Policy & Advocacy
PDF version [98]
Conducting advocacy is an essential step in the
introduction of community-based family planning (CBFP) activities. CBFP activities require the buy-in
of government health officials and administrators, family planning program managers and providers,
and community members.
This tab of the CBFP Toolkit contains a range of tools that can be used to support the introduction
and scale-up of CBFP through policy development and advocacy. For example, the Advocating for
Policy Change [99] materials help address supportive policy, guidelines, regulations, and standard
operating procedures that foster effective implementation and scale-up of CBFP services. In addition,
there are several important documents under Evidence for Task Sharing [100] for improving or
expanding health care coverage to rural and underserved areas. For example, the widely-endorsed
brief on the conclusions from the WHO technical consultation can be a powerful advocacy tool for
task sharing, particularly when engaging high-level decision makers. The materials included under
Developing Service Delivery Guidelines [101] are exellent reference materials for countries
developing, reviewing, or updating their own national family planning guidelines to include the
provision of quality services free from unecessary requirements and medical barriers.
Have a suggested resource or comment about this section? Please fill out our feedback form [92] or
contact us at toolkits@k4health.org [93].
Advocating for Policy Change
PDF version [102]
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Supportive national policy and service delivery guidelines will help ensure the success of a
community-based family planning (CBFP) program. This section of the toolkit offers general
advocacy guidance as well as specific information and materials that can be used to advocate for
CBFP and, specifically, community-based access to injectables.
Evidence for Task Sharing
PDF version [103]
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Task
sharing, a fundamental concept in community-based family planning (CBFP) programs, is a
partnership in which varying levels of health care providers do similar work. By allowing
less-specialized service providers, such as community health workers, to offer family planning
services such as condoms, pills, and injectables, access to family planning services can be
expanded, even in regions suffering from pressing health workforce shortages. The materials in this
section of the toolkit explain how and why task sharing successfully improves contraceptive access
in low-resource settings.
Developing Service Delivery Guidelines
PDF version [104]
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Clear,
evidence-based, medically accurate service delivery guidelines that support community-based family
planning (CBFP) are essential to the successful implementation and scale-up of CBFP programs. This
section of the toolkit contains both international guidance [105] from WHO to assist countries in
developing or revising family planning policy and health systems in establishing up-to-date,
research-supported service delivery guidelines. Also in this section of the toolkit are examples of
national policies [106] that have been successfully updated to support CBFP, as well as guidance on
updating national policy [106].
International Guidelines
PDF version [107]
The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued
and periodically updates global technical guidance that covers how to provide contraceptive
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methods and to whom. National family planning and reproductive health programs can use these
international recommendations as a basis for developing, reviewing, or updating their own national
family planning guidelines.
National Policies & Guidelines
PDF version [108]
A slide presentation is included in this section of the
Community-Based Family Planning Toolkit that provides best practices on how to develop, update,
and disseminate national family planning guidelines. A representative example of country guidelines
from Kenya are also provided. Additional country examples are forthcoming.
Program Design & Management
PDF version [109]
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Community-based family planning (CBFP) programs vary greatly in scale and design. Some programs
operate at a national scale while others serve small geographical areas or target specific
populations. The Program Design & Management section of the CBFP Toolkit offers a number of
guides and tools for planning, implementing, and managing CBFP programs. In particular, users can
find:
guidance on ensuring the sustainability of CBFP programs [110]
information on good practices for selection, recruitment, and retention of community health
workers [111]
guides and tools for supervising community health workers [112]
reference materials for establishing and maintaining commodity security [113]
tools for analyzing the costs of implementing a CBFP program [114]
information on integrating family planning with other health services [115]
resources for addressing the needs of special populations including youth, men, and people
living with HIV/AIDS [116]
guidance on scaling up a successful CBFP program [117]
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Additional CBFP programming resources are available in the Counseling & Services [118],
Training [119], and Monitoring & Evaluation [120] sections.
To suggest an additional publication or provide feedback about this section of the CBFP Toolkit,
please fill out our feedback form [92] or email us at toolkits@k4health.org [121].
Designing for Sustainability
PDF version [122]
/*-->*/
Taking the Long View: A Practical Guide to Sustainability Planning and Measurement in
Community-Oriented Health Programming [123] outlines a sustainability framework with six
components:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Health outcomes: a measure of the success of the sustainability process
Health service provision: how well health workers deliver services to their clients
Ministry of Health (MOH) district capacity and viability and
Main local nongovernmental organization (NGO) capacity and visibility: sources of
institutional support for health service delivery
5. Community capacity: community members can both demand services and supply supportive
behaviors, knowledge, attitudes, and norms
6. Enabling environment: a range of social and ecological factors can either support or hinder
sustainability
The Practical Guide and the other publications in this section of the toolkit provide information, case
studies, and tools for harnessing these and additional programming components to plan, implement,
and maintain sustainable CBFP programs in low-resource settings.
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Selection, Recruitment, and Retention of CBD Providers
PDF version [124]
Community-based distribution (CBD) agents can bring lasting health benefits to their communities by
improving access to basic health services such as family planning. CBD agents must be respected
members of the community in order to be effective in their roles as health service providers. To
ensure high-quality service delivery, CBFP programs must apply clear, stringent selection criteria
when recruiting new agents and must have strategies in place for motivating agents to excel and
retaining them for the long-term. In paid positions, financial compensation is a key tool for
motivation and retention. However, many CBD agents and community health workers (CHWs) are
volunteers, and non-financial incentives, such as professional training, supportive supervision, and
the provision of items such as rain gear or bicycles can be effective.
This section of the toolkit contains research and guidance on good practices for recruiting, selecting,
motivating, and retaining CBD agents—an essential consideration for any CBFP program.
Supervision
PDF version [125]
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Effective supervision is used to support the performance of community health workers (CHWs) and
the overall quality of community-based family planning (CBFP) programs. Supervision also
facilitates continual improvement of processes and results to achieve program goals. Supervision is
not only used to assess CHWs' performance but also as an opportunity to build their skills, address
barriers to program success, and brainstorm solutions.
This section of the CBFP Toolkit includes resources to help CBFP programs supervise and support
CHWs to improve their performance and job satisfaction.
Commodity Security
PDF version [126]
According to the USAID DELIVER Project [127], reproductive health commodity security exists when
every person is able to choose, obtain, and use quality contraceptives and other essential
reproductive health products whenever they need them. An effective logistics system must be in
place in order to ensure a steady flow of contraceptives from the manufacturer to the family
planning client. Maintaining a strong logistics system is challenging, yet critical to the success of
a community-based family planning (CBFP) program, particularly where there has been no or limited
access to contraceptives. To achieve contraceptive security, a logistics system must fulfill six rights:
having the right goods, in the right quantities, in the right condition delivered to the right place, at
the right time, for the right cost.
The materials available in this section of the toolkit provide information on how to design and
manage an effective logistics system to ensure that CBFP programs can reliably deliver
contraceptives to the communities they serve.
Program Costs
PDF version [128]
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The costs of executing and sustaining a community-based family planning (CBFP) program are an
important consideration when planning for implementation. Program managers should gather data
to assess the costs of each phase of implementation including engaging stakeholders and planning
the intervention, preparing for service delivery, implementing, and evaluating the new program.
This section of the toolkit provides tools to help program managers collect, synthesize, and analyze
costing data so that it can be shared with stakeholders to inform scaling up. Costing information can
also be used to educate decision makers about investing in this family planning strategy.
Integrated Services
PDF version [129]
Offering multiple health care services through a
community-based program can benefit clients, providers and programs. Integrating services can
address a wider range of health needs conveniently for clients. It also can be more efficient for
programs and so can serve more people for the same expenditures. Services commonly integrated
with family planning include HIV care and prevention; maternal, newborn, and child health care;
child immunization services; and postabortion care services.
The documents in this section of the toolkit offer key information on integrating family planning into
other health services. For a more comprehensive treatment of the topic of integrating family
planning with HIV services, please see the K4Health Family Planning and HIV Services Integration
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Toolkit [130] and the Resources for HIV/AIDS and Sexual and Reproductive Health Integration
website [131].
Programming for Special Populations
PDF version [132]
The needs of family planning clients vary
depending on their age; health status; sex; geographical location; social, cultural, and physical
environment; and many other factors. This section of the toolkit includes information and tools to
help CBFP programs involve and meet the needs of special populations, including men, youth, and
people living with HIV.
Scale-Up
PDF version [133]
The broad term scale-up encompasses several different paths to expansion of a successful
innovation to reach more people in more areas. Increasingly, the global health community
recognizes a growing need for systematic guidance on sustainable scale-up practices. Scaling up is
best done by planning for it from the beginning of a pilot program, with vision and commitment. By
looking ahead, program planners can build in the components needed for large-scale success. As
governments, nongovernmental organizations, researchers, and others look for ways to expand the
impact of community-based family planning (CBFP), comprehensive strategies which consider this
and other key determinants of successful scale-up and lessons learned from other scale-up
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experiences must be developed and implemented.This section of the toolkit provides information,
tools, and resources to guide policymakers, program planners, and technical assistance providers
through the process of scale-up to broaden the reach of CBFP programs in an effective, sustainable
manner.
Counseling & Services
PDF version [134]
Ensuring high-quality services is vital to the
success of any community-based family planning (CBFP) program. A client who is considering
starting a contraceptive method needs to be informed of the most appropriate contraceptive options
and then carefully screened to ensure she is medically eligible to use her chosen method. CBFP
providers need to counsel their clients on the side effects and health benefits of the contraceptive
methods they offer. They should also provide their clients with strategies to initiate and continue
using their methods effectively.
In addition to counseling clients on contraceptive options and determining medical eligibility, CBFP
providers who administer injectable contraceptives must also know how to safely give an injection
and manage related waste. CBFP providers must possess a range of knowledge and skills to
effectively meet each client’s unique needs.
This section of the toolkit includes screening tools [135], counseling aids [136], client materials
[137], and guidance on giving safe injections and managing waste [138] to help community health
workers and CBD agents perform these tasks. Many of these resources are also helpful for training
CBFP providers on service provision and improving communication between providers and clients.
Have a suggested resource or comment about this section? Please fill out our feedback form [92] or
contact us at toolkits@k4health.org [93]. Have a suggested resource or comment about this
section? Please fill out our feedback form [92] or contact us at toolkits@k4health.org [93].
Screening Clients for Eligibility
PDF version [139]
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Once a family planning client has been informed of her contraceptive options, she must be carefully
screened to ensure she is medically eligible to use her chosen method. This section of the toolkit
includes screening tools and job aids to assist community-based family planning (CBFP) providers in
determining their clients' medical eligibilty for their desired contraceptive methods. These job aids
are also helpful for training CBFP providers on service provision and improving communication
between providers and clients.
Counseling Tools & Resources
PDF version [140]
Effective family planning counseling is essential to contraceptive continuation. Community-based
family planning (CBFP) providers need to counsel their clients on the side effects and health benefits
of the contraceptive methods they offer so that clients can make informed family planning decisions.
CBFP providers should also offer their clients strategies to initiate and continue using their methods
effectively. Many providers will also need to address common myths and misconceptions about
particular contraceptive methods.
This section of the toolkit includes counseling tools to help CBFP providers communicate effectively
with their clients so that their clients receive an appropriate family planning method and understand
how to initiate the method, continue use, manage side effects, and seek support if needed.
Page 24 of 45
Published on K4Health (http://www.k4health.org)
Client Materials
PDF version [141]
Providers of community-based family planning services can share posters, flip charts, cue cards,
brochures, and other materials with clients to communicate effectively about contraceptive options.
The resources available in this section of the toolkit were developed with the information needs of
the family planning client in mind.
Giving Safe Injections and Managing Waste
PDF version [142]
CBFP programs that include injectables in their method mix
will need to implement and sustain safe injection and waste management practices. This section of
the toolkit includes resources that will help program planners, managers, and supervisors ensure
that community health workers are equipped to safely provide injections and manage related waste.
Training
PDF version [143]
Page 25 of 45
Published on K4Health (http://www.k4health.org)
Quality community-based family planning (CBFP) services require competant and well-prepared staff
and volunteers who can safely provide family planning methods and help clients make informed
choices. Experience around the world shows that community health workers (CHWs) can be trained
to safely distribute pills, condoms, standard days method, and injectable contraception. This section
of the CBFP Toolkit contains a variety of training materials that can be used to train CHWs [144],
program managers, and supervisors [145] in CBFP.
While curricula and job aids play an important role in helping to prepare staff to counsel clients and
provide contraceptive methods, the focus of training programs should be on building basic
competancies and meeting the learning needs of providers when the desired competancy standards
are not met.
For resources on training clinicians in family planning, please see K4Health's package of
method-specific toolkits, including toolkits on Injectables [146], Implants [147], IUD [148], Oral
Contraceptives [149], Condoms [150], and the Standard Days Method [151].
Have a suggested resource or comment about this section? Please fill out our feedback form [92] or
contact us at toolkits@k4health.org [93].
Curricula and Job Aids on Family Planning/Reproductive
Health
PDF version [152]
This section of the Community-Based Family Planning Toolkit
contains curricula to train community health workers in family planning/reproductive health, as well
as training curricula and guides on specific methods such as injectables, emergency contraception,
and the female condom. Also included are a number of screening checklists for several contraceptive
Page 26 of 45
Published on K4Health (http://www.k4health.org)
methods (oral contraceptives, DMPA injectable, implants, and copper IUD) and accompanying
training guides on how to use the checklists.
Training Program Managers and Supervisors
PDF version [153]
To
successfully design, implement, and manage a community-based family planning (CBFP) program,
program managers must understand the essential elements of CBFP and be familiar with key family
planning and reproductive health concepts. An effective program manager understands that
supportive supervision is essential to building and maintaining high-quality community-based family
planning services. The training materials available in this section of the toolkit will strengthen the
ability of managers and supervisors to plan, implement, and evaluate a strong CBFP program.
Monitoring & Evaluation
PDF version [154]
Page 27 of 45
Published on K4Health (http://www.k4health.org)
To assess the process and outcomes of delivery of community-based family planning (CBFP)
services, appropriate indicators and effective systems of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) are
required. Information acquired from M&E activities can be used to make well-informed decisions
about program performance and operations, including determining whether the program's
operational goals have been met; structures and systems are in place and functioning appropriately;
and the program is well-established within the community.
M&E is a core function of program design & management [91] but is included in this toolkit as a
separate tab to highlight its importance within the program design and management cycle. Use the
navigation menu on the right side of this page to browse M&E guides, courses, indicators, and data
collection instruments.
To suggest an additional publication or provide feedback about this section of the CBFP Toolkit,
please fill out our feedback form [92] or email us at toolkits@k4health.org [121].
Community Mobilization
PDF version [155]
Community mobilization is a capacity-building process through which individuals, groups or
organizations bring together social, structural, financial and other resources to effect sustainable
change. The participatory involvement of community members in planning, implementing and
evaluating community-based family planning programs can lead to more relevant, cost-effective,
gender-balanced and socially-equitable interventions. This in turn creates multi-faceted and
Page 28 of 45
Published on K4Health (http://www.k4health.org)
integrated support for specific family planning solutions such as demand for modern contraceptives,
youth-focused interventions and increased healthy timing and spacing of pregnancy.
Have a suggested resource or comment about this section? Please fill out our feedback form [92] or
contact us at toolkits@k4health.org [93].
Behavior Change Communication
PDF version [156]
Effective socio-behavior change and communication activities are important for raising awareness
about family planning (and reducing misinformation), motivating individuals to seek out family
planning, and reducing barriers to access and use of family planning.
This section of the CBFP Toolkit provides information and tools to help policy makers, program
managers, and service providers build a supportive environment for family planning. Use the
navigation menu on the right side of the page to access Health Communication Guides & Tools
[157], publications on Information & Communication Technologies [158] , and Social Marketing
Guides [159].
To suggest an additional publication or provide feedback about this section of the CBFP Toolkit,
please fill out our feedback form [92] [92]or email us at toolkits@k4health.org [121].
Health Communication Guides and Tools
PDF version [160]
Page 29 of 45
Published on K4Health (http://www.k4health.org)
Social and behavior change communication (SBCC) is a process of working with individuals,
communities, and societies to develop context-appropriate communication strategies to promote
healthful behaviors such as condom use. SBCC channels include the mass media; interpersonal
communication, such as provider-client or peer-to-peer counseling; and community-based channels,
such as household outreach, street theater, or local radio. A supportive environment that will enable
people to initiate and sustain improved health behaviors is essential to the success of any health
communication effort.
The materials in this section of the toolkit can be used to develop the capacity of family planning
program managers, service delivery staff, and supporters to successfully share family planning
messages that will ultimately improve reproductive health behaviors and outcomes in a community..
Information & Communication Technologies
PDF version [161]
Page 30 of 45
Published on K4Health (http://www.k4health.org)
Information and communication technologies (ICTs), and particularly mobile technologies, have the
potential to revolutionize the way family planning services are delivered, particularly in low-income
countries. ICTs improve access to medically accurate reproductive health and family planning
information for women, men, and young people. ICTs link people with services. They can also be
used to enhance the knowledge and skills of health care workers at all levels. Finally, ICTs can
provide tools for health finance, health information management, and logistics management.The
materials available in this section of the toolkit shed light on the many ways ICTs can be used to
improve access to family planning services and, ultimately, health outcomes.
Social Marketing Guides
PDF version [162]
Page 31 of 45
Published on K4Health (http://www.k4health.org)
In a
brochure [163] on the topic, UNAIDS defines social marketing as the adaptation of commercial
marketing techniques for social goals. Using traditional marketing techniques, social marketing
makes needed products available and affordable to low-income people, while encouraging the
adoption of healthier behavior.
Social marketing of community-based family planning services can improve contraceptive access in
low-resource settings. The materials in this section of the toolkit offer guidance on how to effectively
use social marketing to promote family planning in underserved areas.
Country Experiences
PDF version [164]
Page 32 of 45
Published on K4Health (http://www.k4health.org)
In some countries or regions community-based family planning (CBFP) is routine, while in other areas
CBFP is a new alternative for family planning services to address unmet need and increase access to
family planning services in hard-to-reach communities. This section of the toolkit offers examples of
CBFP programming experiences from a number of countries and regions. These experiences are
intended to inform health policy makers, program managers, and service providers of the strategies,
challenges, successes and lessons learned from CBFP activities.
Use the navigation menu on the right side of the page to browse publications by region and
country. Have a suggested resource or comment about this section? Please fill out our feedback form
[92] or contact us at toolkits@k4health.org [93].
Africa
PDF version [165]
Page 33 of 45
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This
section of the Community-Based Family Planning Toolkit contains country experiences, program
assessments, case studies, lessons learned, and other country-specific CBFP materials from more
than 15 African nations. Use the navigation menu on the right side of this page or click on the links
below to browse publications from particular countries.
Angola [166]
Burkina Faso [167]
Burundi [168]
Democratic Republic of Congo [169]
Ethiopia [170]
Ghana [171]
Guinea [172]
Kenya [173]
Madagascar [174]
Malawi [175]
Nigeria [176]
Rwanda [177]
Senegal [178]
Tanzania [179]
Uganda [180]
Zambia [181]
Zimbabwe [182]
Angola
Burkina Faso
Page 34 of 45
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PDF version [183]
Burundi
PDF version [184]
Democratic Republic of Congo
PDF version [185]
Ethiopia
PDF version [186]
Ghana
PDF version [187]
Guinea
PDF version [188]
Kenya
PDF version [189]
Madagascar
PDF version [190]
Page 35 of 45
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Malawi
PDF version [191]
Nigeria
PDF version [192]
Rwanda
PDF version [193]
Senegal
PDF version [194]
Tanzania
PDF version [195]
Uganda
PDF version [196]
Zambia
PDF version [197]
Zimbabwe
PDF version [198]
Page 36 of 45
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Asia
PDF version [199]
This
section of the Community-Based Family Planning Toolkit contains country experiences, program
assessments, case studies, lessons learned, and other country-specific CBFP materials from a range
of Asian countries. Use the navigation menu on the right side of this page or click on the links below
to browse publications from particular nations.
Afghanistan [200]
Bangladesh [201]
India [202]
Nepal [203]
Pakistan [204]
Philippines [205]
Timor-Leste [206]
Afghanistan
PDF version [207]
Bangladesh
PDF version [208]
Page 37 of 45
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India
PDF version [209]
Nepal
PDF version [210]
Pakistan
PDF version [211]
Philippines
PDF version [212]
Timor-Leste
PDF version [213]
Latin American & The Caribbean
PDF version [214]
Page 38 of 45
Published on K4Health (http://www.k4health.org)
This
section of the Community-Based Family Planning Toolkit contains country experiences, program
assessments, case studies, lessons learned, and other country-specific CBFP materials from Latin
American and the Caribbean. Use the navigation menu on the right side of this page or click on the
links below to browse publications from particular countries.
Bolivia [215]
Guatemala [216]
Mexico [217]
Bolivia
PDF version [218]
Guatemala
PDF version [219]
Mexico
Page 39 of 45
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PDF version [220]
Middle East, North Africa & Europe
PDF version [221]
This
section of the Community-Based Family Planning Toolkit contains country experiences, program
assessments, case studies, lessons learned, and other country-specific CBFP materials from the
Middle East, North Africa, and Europe. Use the navigation menu on the right side of this page or click
on the links below to browse publications from particular countries.
Albania [222]
Egypt [223]
Georgia [224]
Jordan [225]
Yemen [226]
Albania
PDF version [227]
Page 40 of 45
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Egypt
PDF version [228]
Georgia
PDF version [229]
Jordan
PDF version [230]
Yemen
PDF version [231]
Source URL: http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp
Links:
[1] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/cbfp-strategies
[2] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/community-based-distribution
[3] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/mobile-services
[4] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/community-depots
[5] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/private-public-partnerships
[6] http://www.globalhealthlearning.org/login.cfm
[7] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/cba2i
[8] http://www.k4health.org/../../../../../../toolkits
[9] http://www.jhuccp.org
[10] http://www.icfi.com/
[11] http://www.fhi360.org/en/index.htm
[12] http://www.usaid.gov
[13] http://www.worldvision.org
[14] http://www.wellshareinternational.org/
[15] http://www.esdproj.org/site/PageServer
[16] http://www.psi.org
[17] http://www.popcouncil.org
[18] http://www.fhi360.org/
[19] http://www.linkagesproject.org/
[20] http://www.redcross.org/
[21] http://www.basics.org/
[22] http://www.care.org/
[23] http://www.rhcatalyst.org/site/PageServer
[24] http://www.cedpa.org/
[25] http://www.contraceptionjournal.org
[26] http://www.coregroup.org/
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http://www.policyproject.com/
http://www.irh.org/
http://www.guttmacher.org/
http://www.ibpinitiative.org/
http://www.igwg.org/
http://www.worldbank.org/
http://ippf.org/
http://www.iyfnet.org/
http://www.intrahealth.org/
http://www.capacityproject.org/
http://www.jmi.nic.in/Fsoc/Economics.htm
http://www.joicfp.or.jp/en/
http://www.jhpiego.org/
http://www.accesstohealth.org/
http://www.jsi.com/JSIInternet/
http://www.jhuccp.org/
http://www.unaids.org:80/en/
http://www.icddrb.org/publication.cfm?classificationID=30
http://www.publichealth.go.ke/
http://www.kpbooks.com/books/features.aspx
http://www.llrmc.com/
http://www.msh.org
http://www.msi-inc.com/
http://www.mariestopes.org.uk/
http://www.measuredhs.com/
http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/
http://www.cancer.gov/
http://www.pfpi.org/
http://www2.pathfinder.org/site/PageServer
http://www.ppag-gh.org/
http://www.popcouncil.org/
http://www.popcouncil.org/publications/FRONTIERSLegacy/index.asp
http://www.populationmedia.org/
http://www.prb.org/
http://www.psi.org/
http://www.psp-one.com/
http://www.path.org/
http://www.projecthope.org/site/PageServer
http://www.rhrc.org/
http://www.rhsupplies.org/
http://www.savethechildren.org/
http://www.spaac.com/middle.php?file=index
http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=0039-3665
http://health.go.ug/mohweb/
http://www.unfoundation.org/
http://www.unfpa.org/public/
http://www.usaid.gov/
http://www.healthpolicyinitiative.com/
http://www.cdc.gov/
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mailto:toolkits@k4health.org?subject=Use%20of%20the%20Community-Based%20Family%20Pl
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anning%20Toolkit
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[87] http://www.k4health.org/../../../../../../forum/436
[88] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8751
[89] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/community-mobilization
[90] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/behavior-change-communication
[91] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/program-design-management
[92] https://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/feedback
[93] mailto:toolkits@k4health.org?subject=CBFP%20Toolkit
[94] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8900
[95] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8901
[96] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8903
[97] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8902
[98] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8789
[99] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/advocating-policy-change
[100] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/evidence-task-sharing
[101] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/developing-service-delivery-guidelines
[102] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8791
[103] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8792
[104] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8793
[105] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/international-guidelines
[106] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/national-policies-guidelines
[107] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8794
[108] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8795
[109] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8754
[110] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/designing-sustainability
[111] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/selection-recruitment-and-retention-cbd-p
roviders
[112] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/supervision
[113] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/commodity-security
[114] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/program-costs
[115] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/integrated-services
[116] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/programming-special-populations
[117] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/scale
[118] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/counseling-services
[119] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/training
[120] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/monitoring-evaluation
[121] mailto:toolkits@k4health.org
[122] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8882
[123] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/taking-long-view-practical-guide-sustainab
ility-planning-and-measurement
[124] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8803
[125] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8796
[126] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8797
[127] http://deliver.jsi.com/dhome/topics/policy/csinitiatives/
[128] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8884
[129] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8885
[130] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/fphivintegration
[131] http://hivandsrh.k4health.org/
[132] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9032
[133] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8883
[134] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8753
[135] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/screening-clients-eligibility
[136] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/counseling-tools-resources
[137] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/client-materials
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[139] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8800
[140] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8802
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[141] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8888
[142] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8801
[143] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8752
[144] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/curricula-and-job-aids-family-planningrepr
oductive
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[146] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/injectables
[147] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/implants
[148] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/iud
[149] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/oral-contraceptives
[150] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/condoms
[151] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/sdm
[152] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8804
[153] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8799
[154] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8890
[155] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8849
[156] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8886
[157] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/health-communication-guides-and-tools
[158] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/information-communication-technologies
[159] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/social-marketing-guides
[160] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8887
[161] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9033
[162] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/8889
[163] http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd
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%2Fsocial_marketing_en.pdf&ei=4EZvULX_H-LbyQGp44C4Dg&usg=AFQjCNEE2BfnbK3qAT
X0Di_24vWSVkzhxg&sig2=fKahLtAFeaWaIQvtOybKNA&cad=rja
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[165] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9035
[166] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/angola
[167] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/burkina-faso
[168] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/burundi
[169] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/democratic-republic-congo
[170] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/ethiopia
[171] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/ghana
[172] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/guinea
[173] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/kenya
[174] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/madagascar
[175] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/malawi
[176] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/nigeria
[177] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/rwanda
[178] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/senegal
[179] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/tanzania
[180] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/uganda
[181] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/zambia
[182] http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/zimbabwe
[183] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9070
[184] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9055
[185] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9059
[186] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9050
[187] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9062
[188] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9051
[189] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9039
[190] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9043
[191] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9041
[192] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9048
[193] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9068
[194] http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9040
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[231]
http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9054
http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9042
http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9067
http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9052
http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9036
http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/afghanistan
http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/bangladesh
http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/india
http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/nepal
http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/pakistan
http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/philippines
http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/timor-leste
http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9066
http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9065
http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9044
http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9060
http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9045
http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9057
http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9046
http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9038
http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/bolivia
http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/guatemala
http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/mexico
http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9056
http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9063
http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9047
http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9037
http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/albania
http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/egypt
http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/georgia
http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/jordan
http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/communitybasedfp/yemen
http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9069
http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9064
http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9058
http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9061
http://www.k4health.org/printpdf/9049
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