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Conservation & Management of Historic Buildings Course 2005 -2006 Department HDM – Lund University and Swedish International Cooperation Agency PILOT PROJECT FOR THE RECOVERY OF THE URBAN SPACE AND THE CENTER OF PAMPLONA –COLOMBIA Figure 1. Historical Center of Pamplona. Author´s archives. 2004 Recovering the most important pedestrian street and the urban image to improve quality life of students and Pamplona’s population Oscar Eduardo Villamizar Garzón Architect – Evaluator of the architectonical heritage of the Protection Plan of the Council of Pamplona – Colombia – South America villazzz@hotmail.com - vigar_ltda@yahoo.com Abstract The last government of Pamplona’s municipality has started significant steps towards the recovery the public space of the heritage centre of the historic center. The main objective of this project is to articulate the advances that have been achieved by the city in terms of public space recovered and urban image improved. This statement tries to achieve a concrete experience, which result must be the recovery the most important urban pedestrian and student axis of the Pamplona heritage centre, in an integral way, thus being also a model project that might be systematically replicated in other streets of the town. Introduction Figure 2. Pamplona´s main pedestrian street. Author´s archives. 2004 In the past decade, new urban plans have been implemented in Colombia, especially in its main cities in order to manage the public space, heritage and to organise new areas for urban development. This has been the outcome of an adequate urban policy of the “Plan of territorial order” (POT), and inter-institutional coordination between governmental bodies, public services and the support of the community. The present project set up two components to face the recovering of the historical center in an integral way; in a urban level this paper establish a methodology of interinstitucional coordination leaded by the mayoralty to recover the urban space; and in a punctual level (appendix 1), which will focus on the study of the “most frecuent problems in the wooden structures”. A historical overview, and guidelines for its maintenance are taken in to account in order to avoid the collapse and the demolition of this buildings located in the historical center that represents more than the 60% of the architectonical heritage of the city. 1 Oscar Eduardo Villamizar Garzon Background The last administration of Pamplona’s municipality has started significant steps towards the recovery the public space and the cultural and architectonical heritage of the historical centre. This actions has proved to be successful; this achievement has been possible by the initiative of the local government, but still is missing more conscience of the citizens to continue with implementation of the local (POT) “Plan of territorial order” in order to recover in an integral way the whole the historical center which will improve the quality of life of Pamplona’s students and citizens. Figure 2. It is possible to see the commitment with the recovery of the public space through the projects developed, such as the restoration of the shores of the river Pamplonita, La Calle Real project, in which the pavements of this street were enlarged and the restoration of the aqueduct and sewer system were made. The most recent project is the university axis environment whose objective is to join the heritage centre and Pamplona university campus. Geography Figure 3. Aerial view of the historical center. Instituto Geográfico Agustin Codazzi. Aerial View. 1947 Figure 4. Main foundations in America. Salcedo J. 1996 Pamplona is one of the oldest cities on the American continent. –Figure 4Founded by the Spanish conqueror Pedro de Orsúa on 1st November in 1549, it was established on the commercial route between Bogotá and Caracas, and was an important strategic enclave for the conquest of the territory and consolidation of the Spanish empire in America during the colonial period. Pamplona is located in a valley surrounded by mountains (East Andinean region in Colombia). The selection of the place for the foundation of the city responds to urban rules finally established by the Spanish king Felipe II, who in 1573 published “The rules for new foundations in America”. Fig. 3 and 5. 2 Figure 5. Plan of historical center and surroundings. Author´s archives. 1997 Pilot Project fo the recovery of urbn space and architecture of the heritage centre of Pamplona – Colombia. Climate, population and main activities Figure 6. Panoramic view of the historical center. Archives: Foto Toloza. 1950. The climate of the city is influenced by two aspects. The seasons (rainy and dry seasons altered along the year), and its location on the level sea 2300mts high -. The city is considerate a cold city with an average of 15 degrees along the year. Currently, Pamplona has approximately 50.000 habitants; the city has a great vitality and is an important and well known educational centre in Colombia. Its university and colleges have a great national prestige and its students are about 15.000. Pamplona is also a traditional commercial and touristy centre in the east of Colombia. Architecture and construction As well as the majority of the foundations in America, it adopted the square design as guide for its urban development, and its architecture took the constructive techniques and Spanish typologies, mainly from Andalucía during the colonial period. There are four architecture typologies that define the urban image of the historical center. Figure 7. Colonial house from the middeless of the XVIII century. Author´s archives. 2004 1. Colonial architecture. (From its foundation in 1549 to 1810). About three centuries of Spanish domination, influenced by the architecture of the south of Spain. The main constructive techniques used in houses, churches and public buildings where: foundations in stone, massive earth walls, timber roof structures and ceramic tiles on the roof. The courtyard configures the distribution of the building and depending of its location defines the typology in O, L, U, etc. – figure 7 and 8. Figure 8. Colonial house from the XVIII century. Lateral courtyard. Tipology in L.. Author´s archives. 2004 Figure 9. Republican house. Starting the XIX century. Author´s archives. 2004 2. Republican architecture. (From 1810 to 1920). Pamplona played an important role during the independence of Colombia, in the first independence movement of Colombia was developed on 4th July in 1810 in this location. During this period and the following years Pamplona’s architecture underwent a significant change, in which new models from classic and the European renaissance periods were adopted. This radical change of image of architecture respond to the new models introduced, however the basic constructive techniques reminds. The courtyard is still the element of distribution but its size is smaller. 3 Oscar Eduardo Villamizar Garzon Figure 10. Market house. Republican architecture. 1920. Author´s archives. 2004 3. Transitional architecture. (From 1920 to 1950). This short period of architecture influenced by the French Art Noveau and the Spanish Art deco leaves important buildings in the city. The main feature in this period is that the ornament and the decoration were taken off from the interiors and the facades of the buildings. The result was an architecture more pure and plane that makes emphasis among vertical and horizontal lines of the building shape. This kind of architecture was used in public buildings like the actual municipality hall, theatres and also in housing. Figure 11. Transitional architecture. 1930. Author´s archives. 2004. Figure 12. Detail of the façade of a transitional building. 1932. Author´s archives. 2004. 4. Modern architecture (From 1950- 1970) Modern Architecture in the town arrives late in the 50’. There are some exceptional examples in the city; its design were influenced by the international movement of modern architecture and were used the basic principles established by Le Corbusier en the earliest 20’s. Figure 13. Detail of a modern architecture building. Author´s archives. 2004 4 Pilot Project fo the recovery of urbn space and architecture of the heritage centre of Pamplona – Colombia. Problem With the arrival of the modernity during the twentieth century, Pamplona’s heritage centre has been affected by unfortunate interventions. This means the loss of the great part of the urban spaces and architectonical historical buildings. In addition to this cultural and architectonical identity loosings, there are another socio economical factors that affect the sustainability of the historical center as the followings: A lack of knowledge among the community of the importance to conserve the urban and architectonical heritage of the city. Lack of the knowledge of the use of traditional construction techniques and replacement of those traditional techniques by contemporary techniques, such as concrete. Unfortunate constructions over heritage buildings, like that, the ancient buildings are loosing the technical, aesthetic and architectonic values. Lack of training and knowledge of the heritage buildings maintenance. Lack of urban conservation policies, standards and incentives by the council that promote the conservation and maintenance of historic buildings. Economic limitations in order to maintain to the heritage centre appropriately. STRONG INTERVENTIONS ON THE HERITAGE LOOSING IDENTITY AND TRADITIONS CONSERVATION VS MODERNITY Figures 14, 14, 15, 16, 17. Images of other streets of the historical center. Authors archives. 2004 5 Oscar Eduardo Villamizar Garzon Hypothesis Pamplona is a city with opportunities. As a mayor city of the area, it has the commitment to lead the local development. Its geographic location, the rich environment and the willingness of the people to have peace and improve their quality of life are the best tools. But some limitations lead to the fact that people and local government do not take advantage of their situation. A lack of knowledge of local values like heritage, traditional housing, local history, local arts and crafts, and traditions and also a lack of urban conservation policies to conserve the city and historical buildings lead to the loss of people’s identity and the loss of opportunities of the city to promote tourism, and social development based on the heritage. The Heritage Centre of Pamplona was one of the 36 historical centres in Colombia that were declared a National Heritage in 1963. Despite of a lack of urban policies and an adequate urban management, the city centre is still conserving valuable buildings of the colonial, republican and modern architecture, which deserve to be conserved or restored adequately. In this way, Pamplona’s council with the support of the Ministry of Culture has started the Special Plan for the Protection of the Historical Center (PEP). The objective of the project is to create and implement policies that develop a framework or system, which are able to protect the existent heritage centre. This system must be a planning tool that regulate the new constructions, and generates urban projects in order to restore the historic buildings, public spaces and environmental systems. This means to bring sustainability into the future urban development and the improvement of the quality of life of Pamplona’s citizens. One of outcomes of the Special Plan for the Protection of the Historical Center (PEP) is the recovering of historical center in terms of public space and the recovering of the urban image. The present proposal works in that way and looks for a pilot project that could be replied systematically in whole the historical center. Method The project has two important components to work with: 1. Intervention on public spaces; and 2. Intervention on buildings located on the street (Apendix 1). The blue line on the map –street of the project- identifies the area of the intervention. Location of the project Pje Mz 101 MU DE Z → Figure 18. Image of the pedestrian axis for the pilot project. Author´s archives. 2004. Mz 022 ← CARRERA 4 → Pasaje SAN JOSE S.E.N.A. ← CALLE 2 → LA DE RO Mz 011 UM IL Colegio Básico José Antonio Galán EL H Coomultrup → Pa saj e Iglesia de Santo Domingo TA Palacio de Justicia → Banco Agrario 9A Mz 005 CALLE PAMP LONIT I.S.S. cio¨ Club ¨El Comer PALACIO MUNICIPAL Banco de Bogotá Banco Granahorrar C.C. San Andresito C.C. Plaza Real ← Mz 005 B. EL TOPON RIO Colegio Domus Sra Colegio Ntra del Rosario Museo Hotel de Arte Orsua Moderno Mz 196 Pasaje Ortún Velázco Museo de Arte Religioso Palacio Arzobispal PARQUE AGUEDA GALLARDO DE VILLAMIZAR CATEDRAL Santa Clara Mz 056 Telecom ← CALLE 6A → ← CARRERA 5A → Mz 055 Mz 057 Pasaje tegui → Mz 019 ← Av. CELESTINO VILLAMIZAR → ← CALLE 5 → do a Casa Agued Gallardo de Villamizar Casa de Merca Banco Popular Museo Anzoa PLO NITTA idge Colegio Cambr Shool Bomberos n Concentracio la Escolar Gabrie Mistral 10 → PAM ← Pje Los Miserables → ← CAL LE RIO Pasaje ← CARRERA 5 → Mz 076 PLAZUELA ALMEIDA er → de Ctro Médico Diagnóstico go Hotel Carion Cjto Resial El Rincón de San Fermín 10A → Cine Almeida Condominio Almeida Av. San tand C.C. El Rebajón Mz 054 ← CALL E B. EL OLIVO ← ← CARRERA 7 → Pa sa je LA RA PROYECTO ( 2 ) Figure 19. Plan Conventions. Green color. Ecological system. Parks, squares and river shores. Magenta color . Royal street. Recovered in past years. Grey color. Limit of the Historical center Blue color. Proposal. Pilot project for the recovering the public space and the architecture of the city in an integral way. Mz 099 Iglesia del Asilo San José Iglesia de Santo Domingo Casa de Escribano Real CORPONOR Mz 060 EJE CALLE REAL ( 1 ) ← CALLE 6 → C.E.N.S. Colegio Universitario Rafael Faria Bermúdez 6 Mz 012 ← CARRERA 8 → → Pas aje LIMITE ZONA HISTORICA AR PLAZUELA BOLíV INGO RER A8 ARIO DEL 100 Mz O ATRIO DEL SANTU HUMILLADER SEÑOR DEL B. SANTO DOM Pasaje SANTA INES Cine Cecilia JULIO B. CHAPINERO B. CUATRO DE ← CAR ← R → ← Pje GAMBOA → El Ermitaño Capilla La Presentación Primaria ← CALLE 6 → Pasaje Pasaje Mz 102 Deposito de Materiales la Flecha → UNIVERSIDAD NA DE PAMPLO CASONA A 3A Casa cural del Carmen ER do Colegio Sagra Corazón Bethemitas RR CISCO B. SAN FRAN CA Convento s de las Clarisa Monasterio de Santa Clara Casa de Mercado Nuevo ← CAMPUS AFAE L UNIVERSIDAD FAR IA ← CARR BE PAMPLONA ERA R 3A Mz 007 Plazue la de la Ermita de Las Nieves del Iglesia Ntra Sra Carmen Colegio La Presentación 11 → Mz 052 Museo Casa Colonial ← CAL LE ← CARRERA 3 → SISTEMA AMBIENTAL ( 3 ) Plan taked from the PEP – Spetial Plan for the Protection of the historical center. 2004 Pilot Project fo the recovery of urbn space and architecture of the heritage centre of Pamplona – Colombia. Heritage buildings locate on the street's project. Mz 017 Mz 104 Pje S Mz 022 Mz 018 Mz 021 B. LAS AMERICA Mz 103 BE RM UD EZ → Mz 102 RA FA EL FA RIA 002 ← Pje GAMBOA → Mz 008 16 001 033 17 Mz 019 Mz 027 Mz 009 CALLE 2 ← CALLE 3 → Mz 020 19 012 18 20 21 012 49 S.E.N.A. 005 22 Mz 003 ← CALLE 4 → Mz 037 40 o Casa de Mercad Mz 047 ← CALLE 5 → 018 23 ← Av. CELESTINO VILLAMIZAR → Mz 054 Colegio Domus Mz 029 Hotel Orsua 020 019 28 Urb. Campo Amor 31 001 PRO PIEDAD HORIZIO NTAL 2P zon a comun 048 B 33 026 33 C cio¨ Club ¨El Comer 30 001 29 A 50 Pasaje CALLE 1B Pasaje LUZ 026 Pasaje NIEVES - CALLE 1C B. SAN AGUSTIN Mz 010 022 029 Mz 038 Mz 004 25 021 24 B. CENTRO CATEDRAL Santa Clara 41 Mz 055 Mz 056 TELECOM ← CALLE 6A → Mz 196 PARQUE AGUEDA GALLARDO DE VILLAMIZAR 028 del Colegio Ntra Sra Rosario 024 27 Museo de Arte Religioso 023 Banco Popular Mz 057 26 Palacio Arzobispal 51 44 Mz 065 Museo Anzoategui CALLE REAL ← 032 Mz 101 Mz 002 002 008 13 11 004 Capilla 15 008 14006 El Ermitaño Universidad de Pamplona CASONA 025 Mz 036 12 C 003 ← CALLE 7 → 008 43 Mz 064 ← CARRERA 6 → → PROPIEDAD HORIZIONTAL 001 Deposito de Materiales la Flecha Casa cural del Carmen 001 o Colegio Sagrad itas Corazón Bethem B Pasaje Teatro Jauregui 52 016 BIEN DE INTERES CULTURAL DE CARACTER NACIONAL EJE URBANO PROYECTO LIMITE ZONA HISTORICA BIEN DE INTERES CULTURAL ELEVADOS POR P.B.O.T. SITIOS DE INTERES PROPUESTOS POR EL PRE-DIAGNOSTICO DEL P.E.P. BIEN DE INTERES CULTURAL ELEVADOS POR ATRIVM ← 3 018 Atrio Mz 048 10 003 ← CALLE 6 → A A Presentación Primaria 9 al Antiguo Hospit San Juan de Dios 005 La Convento de las Clarisas Monasterio de Santa Clara A ← CARRERA 4 → CARR ERA 3A Ermita Las Nieves del Iglesia Ntra Sra Carmen 5 6 B Mz 053 Casa de Mercado Nuevo Mz 063 Pasaje La Curia Pasaje Pasaje SAN JOSE idge Colegio Cambr Shool ← CARRERA 5A → Pasaje CO B. SAN FRANCIS Pasaje Colegio La Presentación ← CARRERA 3 → ← CARRERA 5 → Figure 19. Plan with the location of the cultural good of the city edestrian axis for the pilot project. Plan taked from the PEP. Special Plan for the Protection of the historical center. 2004. Figure 20, 21, 22, 23. Images of cultural and architectural goods of the city locate on the axis. Pictures from the Author’s archives. 2004 7 Oscar Eduardo Villamizar Garzon Images of the Actual situation of the street Figure 24, 25, 26. Some images of the actual situation of the axis. Pictures from the author´s archives. 2004 Actors involved in the project In order to achieve the different objectives, in a urban level is necessary to to work with the following actors: LOCAL MAYORALTY PUBLIC SERVICES COMPANIES LOCAL INSTITUTIONS AND PRIVATE COMPANIES CITY CONFORMED BY BUILDINGS , PUBLIC SPACES AND ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION GUBERNA MENTAL BODIES Figure 27. Interaction of the different actor involved in the project.. It is necessary to do an inter-institutional coordination leaded by the local mayoralty in order to plan the actions and to allocate resources for the project. The actions to work can include assigning responsibilities and commitments from the different actors of the project. 8 Pilot Project fo the recovery of urbn space and architecture of the heritage centre of Pamplona – Colombia. The local government through the Urban Planning Office will coordinate the urban intervention. Its responsibility has the followings objectives: To recover the urban public space and image of the most important pedestrian axis of Pamplona heritage centre. To give a better appropriation of the public space, to improve the environment quality and to create new gaps for the culture. To incentive the identification of the citizen through public space, promoting the appropriation of the space by means of bigger pedestrian areas and creating spaces that allows coexistences of people. To improve the mobility of the most important urban axis that is crossing the heritage centre from north to south side of the city. To work hand to hand with community, to let they know the importance of the conservation of historical buildings, which will strength local identity. Give training and advice to the community in order to promote the conservation of its houses through a maintenance plan, which will help at the same time to improve housing conditions. To recover heritage concepts. Therefore, the urban, architectonic, environmental, aesthetic and historic values of the public space and architecture can be re-established. To give an appropriate access to handicapped, old and young people by means of ramps and suitable slopes. To coordinate work between public service companies of the city, such as Empopamplona, Centrales Eléctricas de Norte de Santander, Telecom, in order to promote, to manage and to lead this pilot project for the city. Finally, to allocate national and international support in order to guarantee the realization of the project. Results Outstanding, Impacts and Success of the project The realization of this pilot project will have different levels of impact on the city and the community. The recovering of the most important pedestrian axis of the city will benefit more than 10.000 students and inhabitants that walk along the way from the main square of the city to the university campus located in the south area of the historical center. The recovering of the axis will improve the quality of life of the city; people will have the opportunity to walk in a safer way along the street through wider pedestrian ways free of obstacles and with appropriate urban furniture. The stakeholders along the project will benefit directly by the recovering of the facades of its properties which will have an improvement of its image by an integral maintenance that will help to create a better atmosphere of the city and a better environment. 9 Oscar Eduardo Villamizar Garzon Parallel to this the people and community will have the opportunity to know about the historical, architectonical of the city and the importance of preserve this cultural values for the future and how these values can support the local socio-economical development. By the recovering and maintenance of its properties and building people and stakeholders could appreciate more its heritage. With this experience people from other sectors and near cities will know how they also can improve its own environment by creating a culture of maintenance. Conclusions In a long term the improvement of the quality of life in the city, the recovering of public space and architectonical heritage can benefit other economical sectors in a local and regional level as museums, handcrafts, hosting and tourist services. The most successful benefit at doing this pilot project will be the creation of a local awareness in the citizens about of the preservation of its cultural heritage and how local development can be based on the conservation of urban, architectonical and environmental values of the city and the territory. This experience can be replied in the others 36 historical centres in Colombia that were declared National Heritage that are facing similar problems of destruction of its cultural heritage and losing identity; in the same way other historical centers could work, to make competitive and sustainable cities and territories basing its own social and economical development on its the cultural heritage. References Castillo J. 1998 Manual de reglamentación de Poblados de interés patrimonial. Colcultura. Bogotá. Colombia. 1998. Ferrer M. 1993 Bienes de Inmuebles. Cartilla de mantenimiento. Colcultura. Bogotá Colombia. Fonseca L. 1994 La ciudad como patrimonio. Memorias del taller. Editorial Escala, Bogotá. Colombia. Jursich. Mario. 1994 La ciudad como bien cultural. Memoria del seminario. Colcultura. Bogotá Colombia. Mendoza Maria C. 2004 Special Plan for the Protection of the Historical Center. Pamplona. Colombia. Pérgolis J. 1987 Normas mínimas para la conservación de los bienes culturales. Colcultura. Bogotá Colombia. Salcedo J. 1996 Urbanismo Hispano-Americano. Siglos XVI, XVII, XVIII. CEJA. Bogotá Colombia. 10
