“Core Concepts and Issues in International Relations” Alexandra Gheciu, University of Ottawa Email: agheciu@uottawa.ca COURSE DESCRIPTION The course introduces students to the field of International Relations (IR). We shall begin with a broad examination of the core concepts and assumptions that underpin the main IR theories, and we’ll proceed with an analysis of the ways in which those concepts have shaped thinking about specific problems and developments in world politics. Students enrolled in this course will have the unique opportunity to study in a truly international environment, and thus to be exposed to a variety of ways of thinking about the theory and practice of international relations. Thus, the course will be co-taught by a Canadian professor and an Italian academic, and will bring together Canadian and Italian students. Furthermore, the course will be relatively small, thus giving students the opportunity to interact extensively with the professors as well as their classmates. COURSE OBJECTIVES The course seeks to provide students with an IR foundation that will enable them to pursue more specialized research in our field, or to pursue careers in fields (including work in government, international organisations, business and the media) which require a solid grasp of international affairs. Students are expected to engage critically with the IR literature, and to demonstrate a good understanding of key issues and concepts both orally and in writing. By the end of the term, students should display solid analytic skills and communication proficiency, and should be able to critically compare the assumptions, hypotheses, explanatory power and politics of most major IR theories across various domains. EVALUATION A. B. C. D. Participation (20%) Research Proposal (15%) due on July 3 Final Essay (around 3,500 words) – (40%) due on July 24 Oral presentation (25%) Please note that regular class attendance is necessary in order to successfully complete this course. Research Proposal The first stage in the production of each student’s research essay involves the formulation of a research proposal (expected length: 2-3 pages, double-spaced). The proposal should include: a title, a research question and an explanation of its importance; an outline of the proposed essay (2-3 paragraphs that present the key arguments to be developed in each section of the essay); as well as a preliminary bibliography. Essays: Each student is expected to write an essay of about 3,000 words. Suggested essay topics will be assigned in class.The essay must include footnotes and a bibliography. This is a traditional essay—that means that students are expected to display the critical analytic skills developed in the course of this term. You are explicitly asked to develop your own argument in relation to the questions, not simply restate the views of others. The essay could be a purely theoretical paper (e.g. a comparison of the ways in which two IR theories conceptualise a particular aspect of international politics), or could be a paper with a strong empirical component. More details regarding the paper will be provided in class. Oral presentations: Each student will be expected to give an oral presentation in class. The presentation should focus on a key concept or problem addressed in the readings. The dates of presentations will be discussed in class. Presentations should include a brief summary of the arguments developed in the reading(s) (in terms of their ideological and theoretical position as well as empirical, normative and/or policy content), as well as a critical analysis (anything from meta-theory to ethics to policy). Each presentation should end with a couple of questions/issues to be discussed in class, and each presenter should be ready to answer questions regarding the relevant readings from the rest of class. Highly recommended is a written component of the presentation in the form of a hand-out (2 pages max) and/or a PowerPoint (10 slides max), to be distributed via email the evening before class . You will be graded on the quality of your argument (ability to carry it from the beginning to the end in a clear and concise fashion and using cogent logic) and delivery thereof (mechanics, organization, flow). Bibliography: Required Textbook The textbook for this course is: The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations by John Baylis, Steve Smith, and Patricia Owens, Oxford University Press. Paperback, 5th edition, (indicated as Baylis, Smith& Owens in the course outline). Specific readings for each session have been indicated in the following course outline. Should you wish to consult additional sources, here are some books that you might find helpful: Timothy Dunne, Milja Kurki, and Steve Smith, eds., IR Theories: Discipline and Diversity (Oxford, 2007), Joshua S. Goldstein and Jon C. Pevehouse, International Relations (eight ed., Longman or second Canadian ed., coauthored with Sandra Whitworth, Pearson, 2008) and Bruce Russett, Harvey Starr and David Kinsella, World Politics: The Menu for Choice (ninth ed). An excellent IR textbook en français is Alex Macleod, Evelyne Dufault and Fred Guillaume Dufour, Relations Internationales théories et concepts (Athena, 2004). Also useful for this course are Robert Art and Robert Jervis, eds. International Politics: Enduring Concepts and Contemporary Issues (ninth ed., Longman), Karen Mingst and Jack Snyder, Essential Readings in World Politics (fourth ed., W.W. Norton & Co), Cynthia Weber’s IR Theory Critical Intro (Routledge) as well as SAGE (2002) & Oxford (2008) Handbooks or the Blackwell Encyclopedia (2010). Recommended readings: WEEK 1 • Moravcsik, Andrew. “Taking Preferences Seriously,” International Organization 51(1997), pp. 513-535. Also available at: http://www.princeton.edu/~amoravcs/library/preferences.pdf. • Morgenthau, Hans J. (revised by Thompson, Kenneth W.), ‘A Realist Theory of International Politics’, in Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, Mcgraw-Hill1948, pp. 3-15 http://www.eou.edu/~jdense/morgenthau.pdf • Aron, Raymond. “What is a theory of international Relations,” Journal of International Affairs, vol. 21, no. 2 (1967). • Waltz, Kenneth N. 'Realist Thought and Neorealist Theory', Journal of International Affairs, vol. 44, no. 1 (1990), pp. 21-38. • Waltz, Kenneth. “Neo-realism: Confusions and Criticisms,” Journal of Politics and Society, Vol. XV (2004) http://www.helvidius.org/files/2004/2004_Waltz.pdf • Walt, Stephen. “The Relationship between Theory and Policy in International Relations,” Annual Review of Political Science 8 (2005), pp.23-48. • Mearsheimer, John. The Tragedy of Great Powers (New York: W.W. Norton, 2001). • Lerner, Michael. “The New Nostradamus,” Good Magazine, 12 October 2007. • Ann Tickner, “Hans Morgenthau’s Principles of Political Realism: A Feminist Reformulation,” Millennium 17 (3) (Winter 1988), pp. 429-440. WEEK 2 Class 1: • • Wallerstein, Immanuel. The Modern World-System (San Diego: Academic Press, 1989). Morton, Adam. Unravelling Gramsci: Hegemony and Passive Revolution in the Global Political Economy (London: Pluto Press, 2007). • • Class 2: Guzzini, Stefano. “The Social Construction of Power Politics - ISN Podcasts 3 Apr. 2012”, available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWu3eiW9mZg. Bull, Hedley. The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics(London: Palgrave, 3rd edition 2002). Adler, Emanuel and Vincent Pouliot. “International Practices”, International Theory 3 (2011), pp: 1-36. Katzenstein, Peter J. ed.The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics.( New York: Columbia University Press, 1996). Ruggie, John Gerard. "Make the World Hang Together? Neo-utilitarianism and the Social Constructivist Challenge," International Organization, vol., 52, no. 4; pp: 855-885. Checkel, Jeffrey. "The Constructivist Turn in International Relations Theory," World Politics, vol. 50, 2(1998), pp. 324-348. Locher, Birgit and Elisabeth Prugl. "Feminism and Constructivism: Worlds Apart or Sharing the Middle Ground?" International Studies Quarterly, vol. 45 (2001), pp. 111-130. Chapters 10 and 11 of Baylis, Smith & Owens. IPS Forum Contribution. “Assessing the Impact of Foucault on International Relations,” International Political Sociology, vol.4, no.2 (2010), pp.196-215. • • • • • • • • WEEK 3 Class 1: • Weber, Max. “Politics as a Vocation” (PolitikalsBeruf), the text of a lecture he gave to the students of the Munich University in January 1919. At: http://www2.selu.edu/Academics/Faculty/jbell/weber.pdf (focus in particular on the part about the state and legitimacy). • Taylor, Brian and Roxana Botea, ‘Tilly Tally: War making and State-Making in the Contemporary Third World’ International Studies Review, (2008) 10,1: 27-56. • Reno, William. ‘The Politics of Violent Opposition in Collapsing States’, Government and Opposition (2005) 40,2: 127-151. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.14777053.2005.00147.x/pdf • Parekh, Bhikhu, When Will the State Wither Away?,Alternatives, 15:3 (1990:Summer), pp.247262. Neumann, Iver. “Eurasian steppe and international relations”, February 2012, available on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dQ0Ul6369o&feature=related • Baylis, Smith & Owens. Chapter 23 (“Nationalism”) • Krasner, Stephen D. “Snapshot: Who Gets a State, and Why? The Relative Rules of Sovereignty,” ForeignAffairs, 30 March 2009. • Krasner, Stephen D. ‘Sovereignty’, in Foreign Policy; Jan/Feb2001, Issue 122. • Laitin, David. “National Cascades (What is a Nation?)” Nations, States, and Violence (Oxford, 2007), 29-60, 139-50. • Walker, RBJ “The Double Outsides of the Modern International” unpublished paper (available via Virtual Campus) • Wight, Colin. “Theorising Terrorism: The State, Structure and History,”International Relations 23 (2009), pp. 99-106. • Keohane, Robert. “Ironies of Sovereignty: The European Union andthe United States,” Journal of Common Market Studies vol. 40 (2002),pp.743–65. • Nunes, João. “Reclaiming the political: Emancipation and critique in security studies”, Security Dialogue, vol. 43 (August 2012). Class 2: • Huymans, Jef. “Security! What Do You Mean?:From Concept to Thick Signifier”, European Journal of International Relations, vol.4 (1998). • Abrahamsen, Rita, and Michael Williams: “Security Beyond the State: Global Security Assemblages in International Politics”, International Political Sociology 3 (2009), pp.1-17. • Lipschutz, Ronnie.On Security (New York: Columbia University Press, 1995). • Special issue on feminist contributions to the study of security, in Security Studies, vol. 18, no.2 (2009). • Andreas, Peter. “Redrawing the Line: Borders and Security in the 21st Century”, International Security vol.28, no.2 (2003). • Møller,Bjørn . “The Concept of Security:The Pros and Cons of Expansion and Contraction,” COPRI Working Papers, 2000(http://www.diis.dk/graphics/COPRI_publications/COPRI_publications/publications/workingpape rs.htm) . WEEK 4 Class 1 • Leander, Anna. “The Market for Force and Public Security: The Destabilizing Consequences of Private Military Companies. Journal of Peace Research 42, no. 5 (2005): 605-22. • Van Munster, Rens. “Security on a Shoestring: A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Critical Schools of Security in Europe (Review Article),” Co-operation and Conflict 42, no.2 (2007), p. 235-243. • Williams, Michael C. Culture and Security: Symbolic Power and the Politics of International Security (Routledge, 2007). Class 2: • • • • • • • • • • • Adler, Emanuel. “Damned if You Do, Damned if You Don’t: Performative Power and the Strategy of Conventional and Nuclear Defusing,” Security Studies, vol.19, no.2 (2010), pp. 199229. Saull, Richard. “Rethinking Hegemony: Uneven Development, Historical Blocs, and the World Economic Crisis”, International Studies Quarterly, vol.56 (2012), 323-338. Lake, David. “The New American Empire?”;HendrikSpruyt, ““American Empire” as an Analytic Question or a Rhetorical Move?”; Dan Nexon, “What’s This, Then? “RomanesEuntDomus”?” all three in International Studies Perspectives vol. 9, no.3 (2008), pp. 281-308. Barkawi, Tarak. “Empire and Order in International Relations and Security Studies,” in R. Denemark (ed.), The International Studies Encyclopedia. Blackwell Reference Online, 2010. Schirm, Stefan. “Leaders in Need of Followers: Emerging Powers in Global Governance,” European Journal of International Relationsvol. 16 no. 2 (2010), pp. 197-221 Cronin, Bruce. “The Paradox of Hegemony,” in European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 7 (2001), pp.103-130. Ikenberry, John. “America’s Imperial Ambition,” in Foreign Affairs, vol.81, no.5, (September/October 2002), pp.44-60. Nye, Joseph. "Transformational Leadership and U.S. Grand Strategy." Foreign Affairs vol. 85, no.4 (July/August 2006), pp.139-148. Cox, Michael, Tim Dunn, and Kenneth Booth. “Empires, Systems, and States: Great Transformations in International Politics,” Review of International Studies, vol. 27, no. 5 (2001), pp. 1-15. Gill, Stephen. “Global Hegemony and the Structural Power of Capital,” International Studies Quarterly, 33 (1989), pp: 475-499. Rice, Condoleezza “Promoting the National Interest,” Foreign Affairs, vol. 79, issue 1 (2000), pp.45-62. WEEK 5 Class 1: • Barlett, Will and MilicaUvalic (eds.), The Social Consequences of the Global Economic Crisis in South Ea Europe, London School of Economics Report, 2013. Available at: http://www.lse.ac.uk/europeanInstitute/research/LSEE/PDFs/Publications/Social-Consequences-Final.pdf • Luckhurst, Jonathan. “The G20 and ad hoc Embedded Liberalism: Economic Governance amid Crisis and Dissensus” inNetherlands International Law Review, Volume 59, Issue 3 , 2012 , 740-782. • Baldwin, Richard and David Vines (eds.). Rethinking Global Economic Governance in Light of the Crisis, Final Policy Report to the European Commission, 2013. Class 2: • Alison, Graham. “Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis”, American Political Science Review vol. 63 (1969), pp. 689-718. • Campbell, David. "Global Inscription: How Foreign Policy Constitutes the United States," in Alternatives 15.3 (1990): 263-86. • Mitzen, Jennifer. Ontological Security in World Politics: State Identity and the Security Dilemma. European Journal of International Relations, 12(3): 341-370. http://ejt.sagepub.com/content/12/3/341.full.pdf+html • Nathan, Andrew and Scobell, Andrew. “How China Sees America,” Foreign Affairs, vol. 91, no. 5 (Sep/Oct. 2012), 32-47. • Vucetic, Srdjan. “A Racialized Peace? How Britain and the US Made their Relationship Special,” Foreign Policy Analysis, vol.7, no.4 (2011), 403—422. • • • • • • • Hudson, Valerie and C.S. Vore. "Foreign Policy Analysis Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow," Mershon International Studies Review, vol.39, no. 2 (1995), pp.209-238. Risse-Kappen, Thomas. "Public Opinion, Domestic Structure, and Foreign Policy in Liberal Democracies," World Politics, 43 no. 4 (July 1991), pp.479-512. Byman, Daniel and Kenneth Pollack. “Let Us Now Praise Great Men:Bringing the Statesman Back In”, International Security 25: 4 (Spring 2001), pp. 107-146. Brose, Christian. “The Making of George W. Obama,” Foreign Policy (Jan/Feb 2009). Bonham, Carter and Daniel Heradstveit. “The “Axis of Evil” Metaphor and the Restructuring of Iranian Views toward the US” (unpublished paper, available at: http://faculty.maxwell.syr.edu/gmbonham/Bonham.pdf ). Jervis, Robert. Perception and Misperception in International Politics (Princeton University Press, 1976). Hill, Christopher. The Changing Politics of Foreign Policy (London: Palgrave, 2003), Chapters 1 and 2. WEEK 6 Class 1: • Hurd, Ian. “Myths of Membership: The Politics of Legitimation in UN Security Council Reform.” Global Governance, vol.14, no.2 (2008), pp. 199-217. • Byers, Michael. “The Shifting Boundaries of International Law,” European Journal of International Law, vol.13, no.1 (2002), pp. 21-41. • WWW: “Millennium Development Goals” (www.un.org/millenniumgoals), “Global Compact” (www.unglobalcompact.org). • Abbot, Kenneth and Duncan Snidal. “Hard and Soft Law in International Governance,” International Organization, vol. 54, no.3 (2000), 421-456. • Greenwood, Christopher. “The relationship between iusad bellum and ius in bello,”Review of International Studies, vol.9(1983), pp. 221-234. • Roberts, Adam. “The Laws of War in the War on Terror,” (http://ccw.politics.ox.ac.uk/publications/roberts_USNWC_LoW&terr.pdf) • “Symposium on Legitimacy and Legality in International Law: An Interactional Account by JuttaBrunnée and Stephen J. Toope”, International Theory, vol.3 (2011). • Stemmet, A. “International law and the Use of Force,” RUSI Journal, October 2003. Class 2: • Bellamy, A. J. The Responsibility to Protect—Five Years On. Ethics & International Affairs, 24 (2010): 143–169. • International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty.The Responsibility to Protect(2001), online at: http://www.iciss.ca/pdf/Commission-Report.pdf. • Roberts, Adam. “The So-Called Right of Humanitarian Intervention”, Trinity Papers, No. 13 (2000) http://www.trinity.unimelb.edu.au/publications/trinity_papers/TrinityPaper13.pdf • Special section on “Postwar Justice and the Responsibility to Rebuild”,edited by Alexandra Gheciu and Jennifer Welsh, Ethics and International Affairs, vol. 23 (Summer 2009). • Wheeler, N.J. Saving Strangers: Humanitarian Intervention in International Society (Oxford: OUP, 2000). SEMINARS Lesson Title and Description 1Introduction and overview of the course Readings Date Tue 17 June - It is important that students who are not familiar with the history of international politics read Part One of the Baylis, Smith & Owens (“The Historical Context”) prior to the start of the course, in order to familiarise themselves with the historical background of many of the issues that will be addressed in our classes. 2The development of the academic study of IR: Mainstream Theories Thu 19 June Realism and neo-realism; liberalism and neo-liberalism Readings - Baylis, Smith& Owens. Chapters 5, 6, 7. 3The development of the academic study of IR Tue 24 June Critical Responses: Marxist approaches Readings - Baylis, Smith&: Owens.Chapter 8; - Cox, Robert W. "Gramsci, Hegemony and International Relations: An Essay in Method," in Millennium 12, no. 2 (1983) pp: 162-75. 4Critical Responses: The English School and Constructivism Readings Baylis, Smith &: Owens. Chapter 9; Wendt, Alexander. “Anarchy is What States Make of It,” International Organization vol. 46(1992), pp.391-425; - Buzan, Barry. ‘The EnglishSchool: An Underexploited Resource in IR’, Reviewof International Studies, 27:3 (2001). - And see discussion in Forum on the English school, Review of International Studies, 27:3 (2001) 465-513 5 Modernity, State building and State Collapse Case Study: Sovereignty and Illicit Non-State Actors Thu 26 June - Tue 1 July Readings • • • • • Ruggie, John G. “Territoriality and beyond : Problematizing modernity in International Relations”, International Organization, 47, no.1, 1993, pp.139-174. Chapter on “Globalization” in Baylis, Smith& Owens. Tilly, Charles. ”War Making and State Making as Organized Crime”,in Peter Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, ThedaSkocpol, eds., Bringing the State Back In, 169-191. Available at: http://www.jesusradicals.com/wp-content/uploads/warmaking.pdf. Davis, Diane E. “Non-State Armed Actors, New Imagined Communities, and Shifting Patterns of Sovereignty and Insecurity in the Modern World.” Contemporary Security Policy 30(2) 2009: 221-245.Available at: http://www.contemporarysecuritypolicy.org/assets/CSP-30-2Davis.pdf Knorr Cetina, Karin. “Complex Global Microstructures: The New Terrorist Societies”, Theory, Culture, and Society 22,5 (2005): 213-234. 6The Concept and Practices of Security in the Contemporary Era: Defining and Contesting the Referent of Security Thu 3 July Part I: States and Civilizations Case Study: the “West” Readings - Baylis, Smith& Owens: Chapters 13, 14. Huntington, Samuel.“The Clash of Civilisations”, Foreign Affairs(summer 1993). Fukuyama, Francis: “The End of History?” The National Interest( Summer 1989) (http://www.wesjones.com/eoh.htm#source ). Klein, Bradley. ‘How the West Was One: Representational Politics of NATO’, International Studies Quarterly, 34:3 (1990): 311-25. 7Security: Part 2: Contesting Conventional ‘Referent Objects’ Case Study: Securitizing Migration in Europe Readings - - Special Issue on “Securitization Theory.” Security Dialogue, August-October 2011; 42(4-5). Huysmans, Jef.“The European Union and the Securitization of Migration.” Journal of Common Market Studies, 38,5 (2000): 751777. Bigo, Didier. “Security and Immigration : Toward a Critique of the Governmentality of Unease.” Alternatives, vol. 27 (2002) (27) http://alt.sagepub.com/content/27/1_suppl/63.full.pdf+html Tue 8 July 8 Power, Hegemony, Empire Case Study: US Power in the 21st Century Thu 10 July Readings • Barnett, Michael and Raymond Duvall. “Power in International Politics,” International Organization, vol.59, no.1 (2005), pp. 3975. • Nye, Joseph. “Limits of American Power”, Political Science Quarterly, volume 117, no. 4 (2002-2003), pp.545-559.Also available at: www.psqonline.org/cgibin/99_article.cgi?byear=2002&bmonth=winter&a=01free&format=do wn • Yuen FoongKhong, “Primacy or World Order? The United States and China's Rise—A Review Essay”, International Security 38 (2014):153-175. 9 Tue 15 July Global Governance and Crisis-Management in the 21st Century Case Study: Lessons from the Financial Crisis Readings Luckhurst, Jonathan. “The End of Conventional Wisdom? Economic Governance after the World Economic Crisis,” available at: http://www.derecho.duad.unam.mx/amicuscuriae/descargas/amicus14/The_End_of_Conventional_Wisdom.pdf. Goldin, Ian and Tiffany Vogel, “Global Governance and Systemic Risk in the 21st Century: Lessons from the Financial Crisis” Global Policy 1:1 (January 2010: 4-15. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.17585899.2009.00011.x/pdf Woods,Ngaire. “Global Governance after the Financial Crisis”, Global Policy Journal, 2010, http://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/articles/worldeconomy-trade-and-finance/global-governance-after-financial-crisis-newmultilateralis 10Foreign Policy Analysis Case Study: Europe on the International Stage Thu 17 July Readings • Diez, Thomas. “Constructing the Self and Changing Others: Reconsidering `Normative Power Europe”, Millennium - Journal of International Studies June 2005 33: 613-636 • Garton Ash, Timothy. “The Crisis of Europe,” Foreign Affairs, vol. 91, no.5 (Sep/Oct. 2012), 2-15. Chatham House Transcript, The EU in the World: Foreign Policy after the Economic Crisis, 2014. Available at: http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/home/chatham/pu blic_html/sites/default/files/20140305EUForeignPolicy.pdf. • • • Risse, Thomas. “Identity Matters: Exploring the Ambivalence of EU Foreign Policy,” LSE IDEAS Paper, 2013. Available at: http://www.lse.ac.uk/IDEAS/publications/reports/pdf/SR013/SR01 3-Eu-risse.pdf. Sedelmeier, Uli. EU Enlargement, Identity and the Analysis of European Foreign Policy: Identity Formation ThroughPolicy Practice. Robert Schuman Centre Working Paper, 2003. Available at: http://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/1855/03_13.pdf?seque nce=1 11International Institutions, International Law, and Practices of Governance Tue 22 July Case Study: The Impact of the Ukraine Crisis on International Order Readings - - - Baylis, Smith& Owens: Chapters 17 and 19. Cronin, Bruce. “The Two Faces of the United Nations: The Tension between Intergovernmentalism and Transnationalism,” Global Governancevol.8, no. 1 (2002), pp. 53-71. Yasuki, Onuma. “International Law in and with International Politics: The Functions of International Law in International Society,” inEuropean Journal of International Law vol. 14, no.1 (2003), pp.105-139. “What are the Global Implications of the Ukraine Crisis?”,Carnegie Report, available at: http://carnegieendowment.org/2014/03/27/what-are-globalimplications-of-ukraine-crisis/h5z7 12Humanitarian Intervention Case Study: Libya Thu 24 July Readings - - - Chapter 31 in Baylis, Smith and Owens. Howorth, Jolyon. “Humanitarian intervention and post-conflict reconstruction in the post-Cold War era: a provisional balancesheet,” Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Vol. 26, no.2 (2013), pp.288-309. Arbour, Louise. “The Responsibility to Protect as a Duty of Care in International Law and Practice”, Review of International Studies, vol.34, no.3 (2008), pp 445-458. Special Roundtable: “Libya, RtoP, and Humanitarian Intervention.”Ethics& International Affairs 25, no.3 (Fall 2011).