Page 1 of 5
Acknowledgments
Photography
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Cover © Scott T. Smith/Corbis; i © Scott T. Smith/Corbis; iii left (top to bottom) Photograph of James Trefil by Evan
Cantwell; Photograph of Rita Ann Calvo by Joseph Calvo; Photograph of Linda Carnine by Amilcar Cifuentes;
Photograph of Sam Miller by Samuel Miller; right (top to bottom) Photograph of Kenneth Cutler by Kenneth A.
Cutler; Photograph of Donald Steely by Marni Stamm; Photograph of Vicky Vachon by Redfern Photographics; vi
© David Leahy/Getty Images; vii AP/Wide World Photos; viii © Digital Vision/PictureQuest; x © Arthur Tilley/Getty
Images; xi © Mike Chew/Corbis; xii © Chip Simons/Getty Images; xiii © Alan Kearney/Getty Images; xiv © 2003
Barbara Ries; xv © Philip & Karen Smith/age fotostock america, inc.; xx–xxi Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten;
xxx–xxxi © Larry Hamill/age fotostock america, inc.; xxxii–xxxiii © Fritz Poelking/age fotostock america, inc.;
xxxiv–xxxv © Galen Rowell/Corbis; xxxvi–xxxvii © Jack Affleck/SuperStock; xxxviii AP/Wide World Photos; xxxix ©
David Parker/IMI/University of Birmingham High, TC Consortium/Photo Researchers; xl left AP/Wide World Photos;
right Washington University Record; xli top © Kim Steele/Getty Images; bottom Reprinted with permission from S.
Zhou et al., SCIENCE 291:1944–47. © 2001 AAAS; xlii–xliii © Mike Fiala/Getty Images; xliii left © Derek Trask/Corbis;
right AP/Wide World Photos; xlviii © The Chedd-Angier Production Company.
Matter and Energy
Divider © Scott T. Smith/Corbis; 2–3, 3 Courtesy of NASA/JPL/Caltech; 4 top © Babakin Space Center, The Planetary
Society; bottom © The Chedd-Angier Production Company; 6–7 © Steve Allen/Brand X Pictures; 7, 9 Photographs
by Sharon Hoogstraten; 10 left © Antonio Mo/Getty Images; right © ImageState/Alamy; 11 © Tom Stewart/Corbis; 12,
13 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 14 top © Stewart Cohen/Getty Images; bottom Photograph by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 14–15, 15 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 16 © Royalty-Free/Corbis; 17 Photograph by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 18 © NatPhotos/Tony Sweet/Digital Vision; 19 © Jake Rajs/Getty Images; 20 Courtesy IBM Archives;
21 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 22 left © James L. Amos/Corbis; right © Omni Photo Communications,
Inc./Index Stock; 23 © Richard Laird/Getty Images; 24 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 25 © RoyaltyFree/Corbis; 26 © Nik Wheeler/Corbis; 27 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 30 © Robert F. Sisson/Getty Images;
31 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 34 top Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; bottom left © James L.
Amos/Corbis; bottom right © Royalty-Free/Corbis; 36 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 38–39 © David
Leahy/Getty Images; 39, 41 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 42 left Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; right ©
Dan Lim/Masterfile; 45 top left © Maryellen McGrath/Bruce Coleman Inc.; top center © Jean-Bernard Vernier/Corbis
Sygma; top right © Angelo Cavalli/Getty Images; bottom © Garry Black/Masterfile; inset Photograph by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 46 © Mark C. Burnett/Stock, Boston Inc./PictureQuest; 47 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 48 © J.
Westrich/Masterfile; 49 left © Owen Franken/Corbis; right © Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York; 50 ©
ImageState/Alamy; 51 left © Brand X Pictures; right © Peter Bowater/Alamy; 52 © Royalty-Free/Corbis; 53 ©
Winifred Wisniewski/Frank Lane Picture Agency/Corbis; 54 © A. Pasieka/Photo Researchers; 55 © Sean Ellis/Getty
Images; 56 top © Royalty-Free/Corbis; bottom Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 57, 58 Photographs by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 59 © Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory/Photo Researchers; 60 top left © SPL/Photo
Researchers; top right © Felix St. Clair Renard/Getty Images; bottom © David Young-Wolff/PhotoEdit; 61 Photograph
by Sharon Hoogstraten; 62 © Alan Towse/Ecoscene/Corbis; 63 © Robert Essel NYC/Corbis; inset © The Cover
Story/Corbis; 64 top left © Dan Lim/Masterfile; top right © Mark C. Burnett/Stock, Boston Inc./PictureQuest; bottom
© David Young-Wolff/PhotoEdit; 66 © Winifred Wisniewski/Frank Lane Picture Agency/Corbis; 68–69 AP/Wide
World Photos; 69, 71 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 72 © Alan Schein Photography/Corbis; 73 top ©
Patrick Ward/Corbis; bottom © NASA/Photo Researchers; 74 AP/Wide World Photos; 75 top © George H. H.
Huey/Corbis; bottom Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 76 top © Vladimir Pcholkin/Getty Images; bottom ©
Thomas Beach; 77 © Adam Gault/Digital Vision; 78 © Bill Aron/PhotoEdit; 79 © TempSport/Corbis; 80 © Robert
Cameron/Getty Images; 81 left © Gunter Marx Photography/Corbis; right © Lester Lefkowitz/Corbis; 82 © Left
Lane Productions/Corbis; 83 © Dorling Kindersley; 84 top © Grant Klotz/Alaska Stock Images/PictureQuest; bottom
Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 85, 86 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 87 top left © RoyaltyFree/Corbis; top right Thinkstock, LLC; bottom AP/Wide World Photos; 88 © AFP/Corbis; inset © John Farmar;
Cordaiy Photo Library Ltd./Corbis; 89 top © Sally A. Morgan; Ecoscene/Corbis; bottom Photograph by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 90 © Joe Sohm/Visions of America, LLC/PictureQuest; 91 © Michael S. Lewis/Corbis; 92 top © Vladimir
Pcholkin/Getty Images; bottom © AFP/Corbis; 96 © Don Farrall/Getty Images; 97 top left © Sheila Terry/Photo
Researchers; top center, top right © Dorling Kindersley; bottom © SEF/Art Resource, New York; 98 top left Mary
Evans Picture Library; top right, bottom © Dorling Kindersley; 99 © Mark Wiens/Masterfile; 100–101 © Steve
Bloom/stevebloom.com; 101, 103 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 104 © Tracy Frankel/Getty Images; 105
Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 106 © Daryl Benson/Masterfile; inset © Spencer Grant/PhotoEdit; 107
Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 108 top © Steve Vidler/SuperStock; bottom © Chase Jarvis/Getty Images; 109 ©
R92 Physical Science
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FogStock/Alamy; inset © Gordon Wiltsie/Getty Images; 110 © David Bishop/Getty Images; 111 Thinkstock, LLC; 112
Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 113 © Richard Bickel/Corbis; 115 top left © Jeremy Samuelson/FoodPix; bottom
left © William Reavell-StockFood Munich/StockFood; right © Martin Jacobs/FoodPix; 116 Photograph by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 117 © Brand X Pictures/Alamy; 119 © ImageState Royalty Free/Alamy; 120 top left E.C. Humphrey; top
right Creatas®; bottom © Uwe Walz Gdt/age fotostock america, inc.; 122 top © Nancy Ney/Corbis; bottom
Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 123 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 124 top Photographs by Sharon
Hoogstraten; bottom Thinkstock, LLC.
Acknowlegments R93
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Chemical Interactions
Divider © Photodisc/Getty Images; 130–131 © David Cavagnaro/Peter Arnold, Inc.; 131 Joel Sartore/National
Geographic Image Collection; 132 © The Chedd-Angier Production Company; 133 © Colin Cuthbert/Photo
Researchers; 134–135 IBM Research, Almaden Research Center; 135, 137 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 138
NASA; 140 © Pascal Goetgheluck/Photo Researchers; 141 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 144 © Cnri/Photo
Researchers; 145 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 146 left, right The Granger Collection, New York; 152 top ©
A. Hart-Davis/Photo Researchers; bottom Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 154 Photograph by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 155 left © Charles D. Winters/Photo Researchers; center © Rich Treptow/Visuals Unlimited; right ©
Corbis Images/PictureQuest; 156 © Peter Christopher/Masterfile; 157 © M. Gibbon/Robertstock.com; 158 ©
Superstock; 159 top © Simon Fraser/Photo Researchers; bottom Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 161 © Alfred
Pasieka/Photo Researchers; inset © John Walsh/Photo Researchers; 166–167 © Digital Vision/PictureQuest; 167, 169
Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 170 left © Rich Treptow/Visuals Unlimited; center, right © E. R. Degginger/ColorPic, Inc.; 171, 173 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 174 © Lawrence M. Sawyer/Photodisc/PictureQuest; 175 ©
IFA/eStock Photography (PQ price control)/PictureQuest; 177 © Runk and Schoenberger/Grant Heilman
Photography, Inc.; 180 © The Image Bank/Getty Images; 181 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 183 © Astrid &
Hanns-Frieder Michler/Photo Researchers; inset © Volker Steger/Photo Researchers; 184 Photograph by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 185 © David Wrobel/Visuals Unlimited; 186 © Rob Blakers/photolibrary/PictureQuest; 187 left © E. R.
Degginger/Robertstock.com; right © C. Swartzell/Visuals Unlimited; 188 top © David Young-Wolff/Getty Images;
bottom Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 189 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 190 left © Rich
Treptow/Visuals Unlimited; center, right © E. R. Degginger/Color-Pic, Inc.; 194–195 From General Chemistry by P. W.
Atkins, © 1989 by Peter Atkins. Used with permission of W.H. Freeman and Company; 195, 197 Photographs by
Sharon Hoogstraten; 198 © Daryl Benson/Masterfile; 200 top left © Science VU/Visuals Unlimited; top right © 1992
Richard Megna/Fundamental Photographs, NYC; bottom left © E. R. Degginger/Color-Pic, Inc.; bottom right © Larry
Stepanowicz/Visuals Unlimited; 202 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 205 © Corbis Images/PictureQuest; inset ©
Andrew Lambert Photography/Photo Researchers; 206 © Wally Eberhart/Visuals Unlimited; 207 top The Granger
Collection, New York; bottom Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 208 © William Ervin/Photo Researchers; 210 ©
Maximilian Stock Ltd./Photo Researchers; 212 © Index Stock; 213 left, inset Courtesy of Chicago Fire Department;
center Uline; bottom right Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 214 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 215 top
NASA; bottom © 1992 Richard Megna/Fundamental Photographs, NYC; 216 © Jeffrey L. Rotman/Corbis; 217 Thomas
Eisner and Daniel Aneshansley, Cornell University; 219 © Harald Sund/Brand X Pictures/PictureQuest; 220 top
AP/Wide World Photos; bottom Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 221 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 222
© Runk and Schoenberger/Grant Heilman Photography, Inc.; 223 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 224 © Tom
Yhlman/Visuals Unlimited; 225 background © Conor Caffrey/Photo Researchers; 226 © Arnold Fisher/Photo
Researchers; 227 left to right © Bruce Forster/Getty Images; © Colin Cuthbert/Photo Researchers; © FontarnauGutiérrez/age fotostock america, inc.; © D. Roberts/Photo Researchers; 228 © 1992 Richard Megna/Fundamental
Photographs, NYC; 232 From Hales, Vegetable Statiks [1727]; 233 top The Granger Collection, New York; bottom
Mary Evans Picture Library; 234 top AP/Wide World Photos; bottom © Dorling Kindersley; 235 top, bottom © David
Parker/Photo Researchers; 236–237 © Stephen Frink/Index Stock; 237, 239 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 240
© Richard Cummins/Corbis; 241, 243 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 244 © Peter & Georgina Bowater/Stock
Connection/PictureQuest; inset © 2001 Kim Fennema/Visuals Unlimited; 245, 246 Photographs by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 247 left, right © 1990 Richard Megna/Fundamental Photographs, NYC; 248–249 Photographs by
Sharon Hoogstraten; 250 © Stephen Frink/StephenFrink.com; 251 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 252 ©
Thom Lang/Corbis; 253, 255, 257 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 258 top left © Martyn F. Chillmaid/Photo
Researchers; top right © Chuck Swartzell/Visuals Unlimited; center left © E. R. Degginger/Color-Pic, Inc.; center right ©
Phil Degginger/Color-Pic, Inc.; bottom left © Stockbyte; bottom right © E. R. Degginger/Color-Pic, Inc.; 260 © Runk
and Schoenberger/Grant Heilman Photography, Inc.; 260–261, 261, 262 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 263
top to bottom © Photodisc/Getty Images; © Greg Pease/Stock Connection/PictureQuest; © Stockbyte; © S.
Feld/Robertstock.com; Jellinek & Sampson, London/Bridgeman Art Library; 264 © Joachim Messerschmidt/Bruce
Coleman, Inc.; 265 top © Princess Margaret Rose Hospital/Photo Researchers; inset © Klaus Rose/Okapia/Photo
Researchers; bottom Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 266 NASA; 267 © IFA/eStock Photography (PQ price
control)/PictureQuest; 268 © Joachim Messerschmidt/Bruce Coleman, Inc.; 272–273 © Jeff Greenberg/Index
Stock/PictureQuest; 273, 275 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 276 left © E. R. Degginger/Color-Pic, Inc.; right
© Charles D. Winters/Photo Researchers; 277 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 279 top © Claver Carroll/age
fotostock america, inc.; bottom left © Fabio Cardoso/age fotostock america, inc.; bottom right Photograph by
Page 3 of 5
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Sharon Hoogstraten; 281 left © S. J. Tans et al., Delft University of Technology/Photo Researchers; right Georgia
Institute of Technology; 282 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 283 © Marcialis/StockFood; 284 © John
Durham/Photo Researchers; 285 top © Meyer/StockFood; bottom © SPL/Photo Researchers; 286 Photograph by
Sharon Hoogstraten; 287 left © Andrew Syred/Photo Researchers; right © SCIMAT 2000/Photo Researchers; 290 ©
Eising/StockFood; 291 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 293 top © Thomas Kitchin/Tom Stack & Associates;
center © Superstock; bottom left © Bob Krist/Corbis; bottom center © Omni Photo Communications/Index Stock;
bottom right © Gary Rhijnsburger/Masterfile; 295 top Image Club Graphics; bottom © 1994 CMCD, Inc.; 296 bottom
left © J. Blank/Robertstock.com; 297 left © SuperStock; right © Cheryl A. Ertelt/Visuals Unlimited; 298 top © E. R.
Degginger/Color-Pic, Inc.; bottom Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 299 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten;
300 © SuperStock.
Motion and Forces
Divider © Brett Froomer/Getty Images, 306–307 Courtesy of NASA/JPL/Caltech; 307 © Stocktrek/Corbis; 308 top
Courtesy of NASA/JPL/Caltech; bottom © The Chedd-Angier Production Company; 310–311 © Lester
Lefkowitz/Corbis; 311 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 313 © Royalty-Free/Corbis; 315 © Globus, Holway &
Lobel/Corbis; 316 top Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; bottom © The Image Group/Getty Images; 318 top ©
Georgina Bowater/Corbis; bottom © SuperStock; 319 © Graham Wheatley/The Military Picture Library/Corbis; 320,
321 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 322 © Gunter Marx Photography/Corbis; 323 Photograph by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 325 © Tom Brakefield/Corbis; 326 © David M. Dennis/Animals Animals; 327 © Kelly-Mooney
Photography/Corbis; 328 © Gallo Images/Corbis; 329 © 1986 Richard Megna/Fundamental Photographs, NYC; 331
Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 332 © Royalty-Free/Corbis; 333 Courtesy of NASA/JPL/Caltech; 334 © Robert
Essel NYC/Corbis; 336 top © Mark Jenkinson/Corbis; bottom Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 338 top ©
Globus, Holway & Lobel/Corbis; center Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 340 © David M. Dennis/Animals
Animals; 342–343 © Arthur Tilley/Getty Images; 343, 345 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 346 © John
Kelly/Getty Images; 347 left © AFP/Corbis; right © Reuters NewMedia Inc./Corbis; 348 © Michael Kevin Daly/Corbis;
349 left © Jim Cummins/Getty Images; right © Piecework Productions/Getty Images; 350 Photograph by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 351 © Jeffrey Lynch/Mendola Ltd.; 352 left, inset © Bill Ross/Corbis; right Dr. Paula Messina, San Jose
State University; 353, 354 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 356 AP/Wide World Photos; 357 NASA; 358
Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 359 AP/Wide World Photos; 360 top Clare Hirn, Jewish Hospital, University of
Louisville and ABIOMED; bottom John Lair, Jewish Hospital, University of Louisville and ABIOMED; 361 © Danny
Lehman/Corbis; 362–363 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 364 © Photodisc/Getty Images; background © David
C. Fritts/Animals Animals; 366 top Digital image © 1996 Corbis/Original image courtesy of NASA/Corbis; bottom
Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 368, 370 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 372 © TRL Ltd./Photo
Researchers; 373 © Charles O'Rear/Corbis; 374 top © Photodisc/Getty Images; bottom Photographs by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 375 © Siede Preis/Getty Images; 376 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 378–379 © Mike
Chew/Corbis; 379, 381 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 384, 385 Photographs of models by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 384 left NASA; right © Photodisc/Getty Images; C385 top, bottom, background NASA; 386 Photograph
by Sharon Hoogstraten; 387 NASA; 388 left © Royalty-Free/Corbis; right NASA/ESA; 389 © John Beatty/Getty
Images; 390, 391 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 392 top © Al Francekevich/Corbis; bottom Photograph by
Sharon Hoogstraten; 393 © Joe McBride/Getty Images; 394 © NatPhotos/Tony Sweet/Digital Vision; inset © Michael
S. Yamashita/Corbis; 395 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 396 © Wilson Goodrich/Index Stock; 397 © RoyaltyFree/Corbis; 398 © Philip & Karen Smith/Getty Images; 399 © Ralph A. Clevenger/Corbis; 400 top © Stephen
Frink/Corbis; bottom Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 402, 403, 404 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 405
Photograph of prairie dogs © W. Perry Conway/Corbis; 407 © Omni Photo Communications Inc./Index Stock; 408
top, bottom Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; center © Royalty-Free/Corbis; 409 Photograph by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 410 left © Joe McBride/Getty Images; right Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 412 top © Erich
Lessing/Art Resource, New York; bottom © Dagli Orti/The Art Archive; 413 top left © SPL/Photo Researchers; top
right Sam Fogg Rare Books & Manuscripts; bottom © Dorling Kindersley; 414 left © Victoria & Albert Museum,
London/Art Resource, New York; top right Photo Franca Principe, Institute and Museum of the History of Science;
center right © Scala/Art Resource, New York; bottom right © Dorling Kindersley; 415 top © Gerald L. Schad/Photo
Researchers; bottom NASA; 416–417 © Digital Vision; 417 top Image Club Graphics; center Photograph by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 419, 420 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 421 © Rob Lewine/Corbis; 422 Photograph by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 423 © Reinhard Eisele/Corbis; 424 © Roger Allyn Lee/SuperStock; 425 Chris Wipperman/KCPDSA;
427 © Patrik Giardino/Corbis; 428 © Tony Anderson/Getty Images; 429 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 430 ©
1988 Paul Silverman/Fundamental Photographs, NYC; 431 © Tony Donaldson/Icon Sports Media; 433 © AFP/Corbis;
434 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 435 © Pete Saloutos/Corbis; 436 © Digital Vision; 437 Photograph by
Sharon Hoogstraten; 438 © Walter Hodges/Corbis; 439 © Grantpix/Index Stock; 440 top © David YoungWolff/PhotoEdit; bottom Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 442 © Pete Saloutos/Corbis; 444 Photographs by
Sharon Hoogstraten; 446–447 © Balthazar Korab; 449 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 450 © David YoungWolff/PhotoEdit; 451 © Joseph Sohm/ChromoSohm Inc./Corbis; 453 © Brad Wrobleski/Masterfile; 454 © Michael
Macor/San Francisco Chronicle/Corbis SABA; 455 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 456 © Jean-Yves
Ruszniewski/Corbis; 457 © Royalty-Free/Corbis; inset © Felicia Martinez/PhotoEdit; 458, 459 Photographs by
R94 Physical Science
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Sharon Hoogstraten; 460 © Tom Stewart/Corbis; 461 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 462 top © David
Butow/Corbis SABA; bottom © Peter Beck/Corbis; 463 © Henryk T. Kaiser/Index Stock; 464 © Tony
Freeman/PhotoEdit; 465 © Todd A. Gipstein/Corbis; 467 AP/Wide World Photos; 468 © Tony Freeman/PhotoEdit;
469 © Lester Lefkowitz/Corbis; 470 Hurst Jaws of Life; 471 © David Parker/Photo Researchers; 472 top AP/Wide
World Photos; bottom © Robert Caputo/Stock Boston; background © Royalty-Free/Corbis; 474 top ©
Photodisc/Getty Images; bottom Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 476 © ThinkStock/SuperStock; 477 top left
Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 478 © Tony Freeman/PhotoEdit.
Acknowlegments R95
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Waves, Sound, and Light
Divider © David Pu’u/Corbis; 482–483 © Paul Kuroda/SuperStock; 483 left © B. Benoit/Photo Researchers; right ©
Powerstock/SuperStock; 484 top © Stephen Frink/Corbis; bottom © The Chedd-Angier Production Company; 485 ©
George Stetten, M.D., Ph.D; 486–487 © Peter Sterling/Getty Images; 487, 489 Photographs by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 491 Photograph courtesy of Earthquake Engineering Research Institute Reconnaissance Team; 492
© Michael Krasowitz/Getty Images; 493 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 495 © John Lund/Getty Images; 496
© Greg Huglin/Superstock; 497 © Arnulf Husmo/Getty Images; 499 Richard Olsenius/National Geographic Image
Collection; 500 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 502 top © 1990 Robert Mathena/Fundamental Photographs,
NYC; bottom Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 503, 504 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 505 © 2001
Richard Megna/Fundamental Photographs, NYC; 506 top © 1972 FP/Fundamental Photographs, NYC; bottom
Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 507 © 1998 Richard Megna/Fundamental Photographs, NYC; 508 © Hiroshi
Hara/Photonica; 509 Takaaki Uda, Public Works Research Institute, Japan/NOAA; 510 bottom center © 2001
Richard Megna/Fundamental Photographs, NYC; bottom right © 1972 FP/Fundamental Photographs, NYC; 514–515
© Chip Simons/Getty Images; 515, 517 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 519 © Susumu Nishinaga/Photo
Researchers; 521 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 522 © Jeff Rotman/Getty Images; 523 © John Terence
Turner/Getty Images; 524 left © Reuters NewMedia Inc./Corbis; background © Jason Hindley/Getty Images; 525
Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 527 left (top to bottom) © Will Crocker/Getty Images; © Dorling Kindersley; ©
Photodisc/Getty Images; © Dorling Kindersley; © Photodisc/Getty Images; © Stephen Dalton/Animals Animals; ©
Steve Bloom/Getty Images; top right © Don Smetzer/Getty Images; bottom right Brian Gordon Green/National
Geographic Image Collection; 528 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 529 © Dorling Kindersley; 530 © Michael
Melford/Getty Images; 532 © Tom Main/Getty Images; 533 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 535 left © Roger
Ressmeyer/Corbis; right Symphony Center, Home of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra; 536 © Yehoash Raphael,
Kresge Hearing Research Institute, The University of Michigan; 537 © Chris Shinn/Getty Images; 538 Photograph
by Sharon Hoogstraten; 539 top left © Stephen Dalton/OSF/Animals Animals; top right © Paulo de Oliveira/Getty
Images; bottom left © AFP/Corbis; bottom right U.S. Navy photo by Photographer’s Mate 3rd Class Lawrence
Braxton/Department of Defense; 540 © Fetal Fotos; 543 © Andrew Syred/Photo Researchers; 544 top left ©
Reuters NewMedia Inc./Corbis; bottom Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 545 Photograph by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 546 bottom left © Stephen Dalton/OSF/Animals Animals; bottom right © Paulo de Oliveira/Getty
Images; 548 © Photodisc/Getty Images; 550–551 © Alan Kearney/Getty Images; 551 top, center Photographs by
Sharon Hoogstraten; bottom The EIT Consortium/NASA; 553 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 555 NASA, The
Hubble Heritage Team, STScl, AURA; 556 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 558 top Palomar
Observatory/Caltech; center NASA/MSFC/SAO; bottom NASA/CXC/ASU/J. Hester et al; background NASA/JHU/AUI/R.
Giacconi et al.; 559 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 560 left © China Tourism Press/Getty Images; center ©
David Nunuk/Photo Researchers; right © Dr. Arthur Tucker/Photo Researchers; 561 left to right © Jeremy
Woodhouse/Getty Images; © Sinclair Stammers/Photo Researchers; © Hugh Turvey/Photo Researchers; © Alfred
Pasieka/Photo Researchers; 564 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 565 top © Dr. Arthur Tucker/Photo
Researchers; bottom © Thomas Eisner, Cornell University; 566 © Martin Spinks; 567 © Photodisc/Getty Images;
inset © David Young-Wolff/Getty Images; 568 Robert F. Sisson/National Geographic Image Collection; 569 ©
George D. Lepp/Corbis; 570 top © Raymond Blythe/OSF/Animals Animals; bottom Photograph by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 572 © Traffic Technologies; 573 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 574 © Jeff Greenberg/Visuals
Unlimited; 575 © Raymond Gehman/Corbis; 576 © Charles Swedlund; 577 top © Ace Photo Agency/Phototake;
bottom © Dorling Kindersley; 578 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 580 top © Michael Newman/PhotoEdit;
bottom Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 581 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 582 center right Robert F.
Sisson/National Geographic Image Collection; bottom © Ace Photo Agency/Phototake; 586 top The Granger
Collection, New York; bottom © Jack and Beverly Wilgus; 587 top The Granger Collection, New York; center left
Diagram of the eye from the Opticae thesaurus. Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primum editi by Ibn
al-Haytham (Alhazen). Edited by Federico Risnero (Basleae, 1572), p. 6. Private collection, London; center right
Courtesy of NASA/JPL/Caltech; bottom © Royal Greenwich Observatory/Photo Researchers; 588 top © Stock
Connection/Alamy; center © Florian Marquardt; bottom © Museum of Holography, Chicago; 589 top ©
Bettmann/Corbis; bottom © Bob Masini/Phototake; 590–591 © Tom Raymond/Getty Images; 591 top, center
Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; bottom © Philippe Plaily/Photo Researchers; 592 Photograph by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 594 © Laura Dwight/Corbis; 595 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 596 © Michael
Newman/PhotoEdit; 597 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 598 Peter McBride/Aurora; 599 Photograph by
Sharon Hoogstraten; 600 © Richard H. Johnston/Getty Images; 602 © Kim Heacox/Getty Images; background ©
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Photodisc/Getty Images; 603 © T. R. Tharp/Corbis; 604 top © Ruddy Gold/age photostock america, inc.; bottom
Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 605 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 606 © CMCD, 1994; 608
Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 610 © Argentum/Photo Researchers; 611 Photograph by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 613 top © Andrew Syred/Photo Researchers; center Luna and Planetary Institute, CIRS/Library;
bottom NASA; 614 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 615 Use of Canon Powershot S45 courtesy of Canon USA;
616 © Philippe Psaila/Photo Researchers; 617 top © Photodisc/Getty Images; bottom © Tom Stewart/corbisstockmarket.com; 618 Bradley C. Edwards, Ph.D.; 619 top © Photodisc/Getty Images; center © PhotoFlex.com; bottom ©
Michael Goldman/Photis/PictureQuest; 620 © Michael Newman/PhotoEdit.
Electricity and Magnetism
Divider © Nick Koudis/Getty Images; 626–627 © PHISH 2003; 3 © Jacques M. Chenet/Corbis; 628 top © John
Foxx/ImageState; bottom © The Chedd-Angier Production Company; 629 © Stuart Hughes/Corbis; 630–631 AP/Wide
World Photos; 631, 633 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 634 © Roger Ressmeyer/Corbis; 636 © Charles D.
Winters/Photo Researchers; 638 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 640 © Maximilian Stock Ltd./Photo
Researchers; 641 left © Ann and Rob Simpson; right © Patrice Ceisel/Visuals Unlimited; 642 Photograph by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 643 © Steve Crise/Corbis; 645 © A & J Verkaik/Corbis; 646 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 647
top © Tim Wright/Corbis; bottom © Leland Bobb/Corbis; 648 © James D. Hooker/Lighting Equipment News (UK); 650
top left © Scott T. Smith; All other photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 651, 652, 654, 655 Photographs by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 657 © Chip Simons 2003; 658 Photo Courtesy of NASA/Getty Images; 659 © Julian Hirshowitz/Corbis;
660 © James D. Hooker/Lighting Equipment News (UK); 664–665 © 2003 Barbara Ries; 665, 667 Photographs by
Sharon Hoogstraten; 672 left © 1989 Paul Silverman/Fundamental Photographs, NYC; right Photograph by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 673 © Creative Publishing International, Inc.; 674 top left © Gary Rhijnsburger/Masterfile; center left ©
Creative Publishing International, Inc.; 675, 676, 677, 678 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 680 © Robert Essel
NYC/Corbis; 681 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 683 top AP/Wide World Photos; bottom Photograph by
Sharon Hoogstraten; 685 © Kurt Stier/Corbis; 686, 687 © Gen Nishino/Getty Images; 688 © Donna Cox and Robert
Patterson/National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois, Urbana; 689 AP/Wide World
Photos; 690 top © Sheila Terry/Photo Researchers; bottom Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 696 top © SPL/Photo
Researchers; bottom The Granger Collection, New York; 697 top left © Philadelphia Museum of Art/Corbis; top right
© Archivo Iconografico, S.A./Corbis; bottom © Adam Hart-Davis/Photo Researchers; 698 top Science
Museum/Science & Society Picture Library; center left © Bettmann/Corbis; center right © Tony Craddock/Photo
Researchers; bottom © Bettmann/Corbis; 699 top © Alfred Pasieka/Photo Researchers; bottom AP/Wide World
Photos; 700–701 © Philip & Karen Smith/age fotostock america, inc.; 701, 703 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten;
704 top © Michael S. Yamashita/Corbis; bottom Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 705 Photographs by Sharon
Hoogstraten; 706 © The Natural History Museum, London; 707 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 708 NASA;
709 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 710 © Chris Madeley/Photo Researchers; 711 © Brian Bahr/Getty Images;
inset Courtesy of Discover Magnetics; 712, 714 Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 715 top © George
Haling/Photo Researchers; bottom © Dick Luria/Photo Researchers; 717 © G. K. & Vikki Hart/Getty Images; 719
Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 721 © Ondrea Barbe/Corbis; 722 Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; 723 ©
Randy M. Ury/Corbis; 724 top © Christopher Gould/Getty Images; bottom Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 725
Photographs by Sharon Hoogstraten; 726 Bureau of Reclamation; 728 Courtesy of General Electric; 729 top
Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten; bottom © Maya Barnes/The Image Works; 731 © Mark Richards/PhotoEdit; 732
top Photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten.
Backmatter
R28 © Photodisc/Getty Images.
Illustrations and Maps
Accurate Art, Inc. 127, 411, 479, 513; Ampersand Design Group 29, 115, 213, 225, 319, 619, 674; Argosy 490, 493,
494, 498, 499, 505, 510, 535, 541; Eric Chadwick 578, 579; Steve Cowden 426, 492, 531, 534, 562, 684, 686–687,
692; Stephen Durke 10, 11, 18, 20, 22, 30, 32, 33, 34, 81, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 162, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 182,
187, 190, 192, 198, 199, 201, 216, 217, 225, 230, 242, 270, 276, 286, 287, 288, 300, 302, 635, 636, 637, 645, 649, 655,
660, 663, 668, 670, 677, 692, 727, 732, 734; Patrick Gnan 288; Gary Hincks 252; KO Studios 288; Debbie Maizels
288; MapQuest.com, Inc. 114, 314, 364, 433, 472; Precision Graphics 293; Tony Randazzo/American Artists Rep.
Inc. 317; Dan Stuckenschneider 406, 439, 460, 461, 462, 463, 465, 466, 469, 476, 477, 542, 557, 571, 582, 613, 615,
616, 620, 639, 657, 671, 673, 679, 716, 717, 718, 720, 721, 732, R11–R19, R22, R32; Dan Stukenschneider based on
an illustration by Matt Cioffi 472; Bart Vallecoccia 518, 519, 606, 607, 609, 615, 620.
R96 Physical Science