3/6/2013
Medical Spanish
Level 1
Lesson 6
March 27, 2013
Course created and taught by
Saturnino “Nino” Rodriguez, Ph.D
rodri231@msu.edu
Attendance Policy
Live and/or online attendance to at least 75% of classes (Expected)
Online participants login using 1st Initial, last name
Classroom participants must sign classroom sign-in sheet.
Online Access
Online access available @ scs.msu.edu
All lecture recordings & handouts (new & old) are available at scs.msu.edu
Certificates Are Awarded at the End of Course
Students must pass a 22-part
part assessment
on cultural intelligence & language skills.
(i e Xrays)
(i.e. Xrays)
More information on the assessment will be provided during a future class period.
Books
Joanna Rios & Jose Fernandez Torres. McGraw-Hill's Complete Medical Spanish,
Second Edition, McGraw Hill, 2010. ($17) -- 1st edition may also be used
Available at the following websites:
http://search.barnesandnoble.com/
http://www.amazon.com
What we will learn
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The present indicative tense
Verbs ending in –ar, ‐er, ‐ir
Verb “to have” tener
Irregular verbs: tener ir
Irregular verbs: tener, ir
Expressing destination and future actions
Practical exercises 1
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Describing what you do or are doing: The present indicative
In English we use a variety of structures to express different present‐tense concepts. In Spanish many of these are communicated with the same grammatical form. The present indicative tense in Spanish can be used….
To describe routine actions
¡Estudia mucho! You study a lot!
To say what you are doing now:
Examinamos al enfermo ahora.
We are examining the patient now.
To ask questions about present events:
• ¿Habla con María todas las semanas?
D
Do you talk with Maria every week?
t lk ith M i
k?
To indicate plans in the immediate future:
• ¿Habla con el doctor el viernes, no?
You’re going to speak with the doctor on Friday, right?
First, let’s being by refreshing our memories. Do you remember what an infinitive is? An infinitive in English consists of the word “to” and a verb: to take, to eat, to examine, to walk, to run, and so on.
However, in Spanish, an infinitive is comprised of only one action word, which ends in either –ar, ‐er, or –ir. In Spanish, there is no equivalent of the separate word “to”.
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To conjugate an –ar verb: drop the –ar ending.
Tomar‐ the ending = tom
Take the stem tom and add:
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(yo)
(tú)
((él, ella, Ud.))
(nosotros)
(ellos, ellas, Uds.)
tomO
tomAS
tomA
tomAMOS
tomAN
I
drink
you (familiar)
drink
he, she,you
y ((formal) drinks
)
we
drink
they (m., f.), you (pl) drink
________________________________________
Hablar, caminar, estudiar
Common –ar verbs
Caminar
‐to walk Preguntar
‐ to ask
Comprar
Defecar
Descansar
‐ to buy
‐ to defecate
‐ to rest
Recetar
Regresar
Respirar
p
‐to prescribe
‐to return
‐to breathe
Hablar
Lavar
Llamar
Orinar
‐ to talk
‐ to wash
‐ to call
‐ to urinate
Sacar ‐ to take out, to take (i.e. Xrays)
Tocar
Vomitar
Visitar
‐ to touch
‐ to vomit
‐ to visit
To form the present indicative tense of the –er and –
ir verbs, simple remove the –er or –ir and add the following endings:
Comer (to eat)
yo
como
tú
comes
Ud./él/ella come
nosotros/nosotras comemos
Uds./ellos/ellas comen
Vivir (to live)
yo
vivo
tú
vives
Ud./él/ella vive
nosotros/nosotras vivimos
Uds./ellos/ellas viven
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A few more regular –er verbs‐ más verbos regulares que terminan con –er.
Beber
Comprender
Toser
Responder
Ver
to drink
to understand
to cough
to answer
to see
Aprender
Comer
Correr
to learn
to eat
to run
Practiquemos con las siguientes oraciones:
(beber) ¿Qué bebe Ud. A las seis de la mañana? What do you drink at six in the morning?
(comprender) ¿Comprende bien el inglés?
Do you understand English well?
(responder) ¿Respondes a todas las preguntas? Do you answer all the questions?
Conjugation of –ir verbs
Here is an example of a regular –ir verb conjugated in the present tense.
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(yo) vivO
(tú) vivES
(él/ella) vivE
(Ud.) vivE
(nosotros) vivIMOS
(ellos/ellas) vivEN
(Uds.) vivEN
I live
You live
he/she lives
you live
we live
they live
you live
The endings are exactly the same as they are for the regular ‐er
verb conjugations, except in the nosotros form, where the ending
is –imos. Once again, just drop the –ir ending and add –o, then –
es, ‐e, ‐imos, and –en.
More – ir verbs
Más verbos que terminan con ‐ir
• abrir
• Subir
• Sentirse
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Sufrir
Escupir
Cubrir
Escribir
to open
to go up, to get on
to feel (“oneself”;‐se makes it)
makes it).
to suffer
to spit
to cover
to write
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Práctica
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¿Dónde vive el paciente?
¿Dónde vive el doctor?
¿Escribes en español?
¿Quién abre la boca?
Practice
Where does the patient live?
Where does the doctor live?
Do you write in Spanish?
Who opens their mouth?
The verb tener means to have. It is used in Spanish to express possession and to give someone’s age. You may also use it with que and another verb to say what you have to do: Tengo
que comer (I have to eat).
Tengo dos pacientes en el cuarto #15. II have two patients in room #15. have two patients in room #15.
Elena tiene veinte años, ¿Cuántos tiene Ud.?
Elena is twenty years old. How old are you?
Tengo que ir hoy.
I have to go today.
Here are the forms of the verb tener
in the present indicative tense:
Yo
Tú Ud., él, ella
Nosotros/nosotras
Uds., ellos, ellas
tengo
tienes
tiene
tenemos
tienen
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Tengo…..I have/Tiene…You have
¿Tiene Ud….? •
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Mareos (m. pl.)
Escalofríos (m. pl.)
Tos (f.)
Fiebre (f.)
Fiebre (f.)
Diarrea (f.)
Indigestión (f.)
Flema (f.)
Frío (m.)
Calor (m.)
Sed (f.)
Hambre (f.)
Miedo (m.)
Náusea (f.)
Do you/Does he/she have….?
dizziness
chills
cough
fever
diarrhea
indigestion
phlegm
cold
hot
thirst
hunger
fear
nausea
la garganta inflamada.
My inflamed throat.
My inflamed
La nariz tapada.
Stuffy nose.
Tengo
• Tengo dolor de___________. I have pain in_____________.
• Tengo inflamación de________. I have swelling of/in _______.
• Tiene infección de________. You have an infection of/in_____.
• Tengo hinchazón de _________. I have swelling of/in________.
• Tengo calambres.
I have cramps.
Tener
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Note: In Spanish, tener (“to have”) is also used in the following expressions, which in English use forms of “to be.”
Tengo frío/calor
I am cold/warm.
Tengo sed/hambre I am thirsty/hungry.
Tengo prisa
Tengo prisa
I am in a hurry
I am in a hurry.
Tengo razón
I am right.
Tengo sueño.
I am sleepy.
Tengo suerte.
I am lucky.
Tengo miedo.
I am afriad.
Tengo cuidado.
I am careful.
Tengo 21 años.
I am 21 years old.
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Expressing destinations and future actions.
One of the most useful verbs to know is –ir, which means “to go”. Not only does it express action and destination, but also it can be used to tell what you will do in the future This
to tell what you will do in the future. This verb, however, is irregular. If we drop –ir, there is nothing left. Indicating destination and future plans: The verb ‐ir
You can use the Spanish verb ir to say where you and others are going. You can also use it to say what you and others are going to do in the near future.
Vamos a la farmacia.
Vamos a estudiar.
We’re going to the pharmacy.
We’re going to study.
An irregular verb is one that does not follow the normal rules, such as tener, which you learned. A preposition links nouns, pronouns, or noun phrases to the rest of the sentence
phrases to the rest of the sentence. Prepositions can express location, time sequence, purpose, or direction. In, to, after, under, and for are all English prepositions. 7
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Here is the verb ir in the present indicative tense. Ir, like the verb ser and tener that you have already learned, is an irregular verb. ir (to go)
• Yo
• tú
• ud./él/ella
voy nosotros(as)
vas Uds./ellos (as)
va
vamos
van
IR (to go)
Use the preposition a with the verb ir to say where you are going: Destination: ir + a + noun (to go + to + noun)
Voy a la farmacia. I go (am going, do go) to the pharmacy. Va al laboratorio. He/she goes (is going, does go) to the lab.
You go (are going, do go) to the lab.
Vamos a la clínica. We go (are going, do go) to (the) clinic.
Van al hospital.
They/You go (are going, do go) to (the) hospital.
¿Adónde van las enfermeras? Where are the nurses going?
When you want to use the verb ir to say what you are going to do, use this formula: ir + a + infinitive.
Voy a hablar con el paciente.
I am going to talk to the
pacient.
¿Vas a tomar estas pastillas? Are you going to take these
pills?
ill ?
Va a caminar a la clínica.
You are going to walk to the
clinic.
Vamos a trabajar en el hospital. We are going to work in the hospital.
Van a escribir una receta.
They are going to write a prescription.
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When you use a together with el, it contracts to al. The same holds true for de + el: del. De + el = del
of/from + the = of/from the
a + el = al
to + the = to the
El doctor camina del hospital al consultorio.
The doctor walks from the hospital to the doctor’s office.
Expressing destinations
Destination: ir +a + noun
Voy a la farmacia.
I am going to the pharmacy.
Vamos al hospital.
We’re going to the hospital. Expressing future actions Future/intention: ir + a + infinitive
Ud. va a toser mucho.
Ud
va a toser mucho
You are going to cough a lot.
Vamos a comer después.
We’re going to eat later.
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Práctica
LLene los espacios con la forma correcta del verbo ir.
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(yo)__________ a recetar medicina.
(él, ella, Ud.)__________ a estudiar español.
(nosotros)__________ a trabajar en la clínica.
(Uds., ellos, ellas) __________ a escribir la receta.
Práctica
* hablar
*examinar
*visitar
*beber
*comer
*responder
Verbs * ver
* abrir
*escribir
*medir
* escupir
Práctica
Nouns
hospital
cafeteria
farmacia
emergencia
cuarto de operaciones
clinica
casa
cuarto de espera
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Diálogo
DOCTOR (A)
• SEÑORA
DOCTOR (A)
( )
• SEÑORA
DOCTOR (A)
• SEÑORA
DOCTOR (A)
¿Qué tiene? Tengo dolor de cabeza, de estómago, de nariz y de garganta.
¿Cuántos días tiene los dolores?
Dos o tres días.
¿Toma medicina?
Sí doctor (a), tomo unas pastillas.
¿Cómo se llaman las pastillas?
Diálogo
• SEÑORA
• DOCTOR (A)
• SEÑORA
• DOCTOR (A)
• SEÑORA
• DOCTOR (A)
• SEÑORA
Bueno, doctor (a), las pastillas son blancas. No sé cómo se llaman.
Bueno, señora. ¿Tiene Ud. fiebre, calentura o escalofríos?
Sí, tengo fiebre y escalofríos. Tengo vómitos también
Tengo vómitos, también.
¿Tiene Ud. mareos?
Sí, tengo muchos mareos.
Ud. necesita un examen físico. Por favor, quítese la ropa y póngase la bata (robe). Con permiso, y regreso en un momento. Sí, doctor (a). Diálogo
• DOCTOR(A)
SEÑORA
• DOCTOR(A)
SEÑORA
¿Va a la farmacia ahora?
Sí, voy a la farmacia.
¿Va a comprar medicinas?
Sí voy a comprar medicinas
Sí, voy a comprar medicinas.
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Typical cultural differences
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Health
Food (sugar, salt, oil, and spices)
Preventive medicine
Curanderos, yerberos, y santeros
Physical complaints
New generations
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