AP Biology – Mr. Vranka, M.Ed.
Unit 2 – The Cell
Chapters Covered:
Chapter 7 – A Tour of the Cell
Chapter 8 – Membrane Structure and Function
Chapter 11 – Cell Communication
Chapter 12 – The Cell Cycle
Unit Objectives:
• Compare and contrast the compound light microscope, SEM, and TEM.
• Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
• Describe the function of the nucleus and ribosomes as they relate to the overall function of the cell.
• Describe the relationship between surface area and volume as objects change in size and shape and apply this to
the sizes and shapes of organisms.
• Describe the structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles,
peroxisomes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
• Review the structure/function of mitochondria and plastids and their similarities to prokaryotes (DNA loop,
ribosomes, size, fission).
• Describe endosymbiotic hypothesis for origin of eukaryotics.
• Describe the cytoskeleton structure/function in enabling cell movements (cyclosis, mitosis, basal
bodies/undulapodia) and shape changes.
• Describe the structure/function of the extracellular matrix and plant cell wall.
• Describe fluid-mosiac model of cell membrane.
• Identify and describe the structure/function of proteins found within the cell membrane.
• Describe the selectively permeable nature of cell membrane.
• Describe passive transport through the cell membrane, specifically osmosis, diffusion, and transport via
proteins.
• Describe and cite examples of active transport (sodium-potassium pump, proton pump, exocytosis, and
endocytosis).
• Describe cotransport.
• Investigate the processes of diffusion and osmosis in a model membrane system
• Investigate the effect of solute concentration on water potential as it relate to living plant tissues.
Assignments:
• Chapter 7 Self Quiz & Challenge Questions (pages 128-129)
• Chapter 8 Self Quiz & Challenge Questions (pages 145-146)
• Lab 1 – Diffusion and Osmosis
• Chapter 11 Self Quiz & Challenge Questions (pages 204-205)
• Chapter 12 Self Quiz & Challenge Questions (pages 222-223)
Assessments:
Unit 2 – The Cell
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AP Biology – Mr. Vranka, M.Ed.
Unit 2 – The Cell
Chapter 7 - A Tour of the Cell
Unaided eye
Compound
light
microscope
Scanning
electron
microscope
(SEM)
Transmission
electron
microscope
(TEM)
Specimen: living or nonliving
What structures are able to be viewed:
External or internal
Resoultion
How are cell parts studied? That is, how are they separated from the other cell parts?
Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells:
Compare/contrast prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells.
Figure 7.4 – A prokaryotic cell.
Figure 7.5 – Why are most cells microscopic?
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AP Biology – Mr. Vranka, M.Ed.
Unit 2 – The Cell
Figure 7.7 Overview of an animal cell.
Figure 7.8 Overview of a plant cell.
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AP Biology – Mr. Vranka, M.Ed.
Unit 2 – The Cell
Chapter 8 – Membrane Structure and Function
Selectively permeable:
Figure 8.2 Two generations of membrane models.
Proteins found in and around membrane:
Figure 8.5 The detailed structure of an animal cell’s
plasma membrane.
Figure 8.3 The fluidity of membranes.
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AP Biology – Mr. Vranka, M.Ed.
Unit 2 – The Cell
Figure 8.9 The diffusion of
solutes across membranes.
Water balance for cells with walls:
Water balance:
osmoregulation
Turgid
Hypotonic
Flaccid
Hypertonic
plasmolysis
Isotonic
Specialized transport:
Transport proteins
facilited diffusion
Active transport
Sodium-potassium pump
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
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AP Biology – Mr. Vranka, M.Ed.
Unit 2 – The Cell
Chapter 11 – Cell Communication
Signal-transduction pathway :
Short vs. Long distance communications :
stages of cell cycling :
1.
2.
3.
Protein phosphorylation:
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AP Biology – Mr. Vranka, M.Ed.
Unit 2 – The Cell
Second Messengers
Cellular responses to signals
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AP Biology – Mr. Vranka, M.Ed.
Unit 2 – The Cell
Chapter 12 – The Cell Cycle
Stages of mitosis:
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AP Biology – Mr. Vranka, M.Ed.
Unit 2 – The Cell
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