Restoration Colonies
Chapter 3
The British Empire
in America
 King
Charles II
 Carolina – 1663
 New Jersey – 1664
 New York – 1664
 Pennsylvania - 1681
Pennsylvania
The Carolinas
 North
Carolina – poor, outcasts
 South Carolina – migrants from
West Indies
rice
 slaves – 2/3 population by 1740

 William

Penn – Quakers
“inner light”
 Indians
treated well
 religious freedom
 diverse population
Mercantilism
Navigation Acts
 colonists
- raw materials, ag
products
 Navigation Acts – 1650-1750
 “Enumerated products”
 Europe goods through England
 Revenue

Act of 1673
“plantation duty”
 Acts
generally ignored
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Dominion of New England
 Mass.
charter revoked – 1684
 James II took throne
 Dominion of New England created
 Sir Edmund Andros
Colonial Uprisings
Glorious Revolution
 William
and Mary take over
 Declaration of Rights – 1689

constitutional monarchy
 John
Locke
Two treatises on Government
 consent of the governed

 Mass.
– Andros sent back to
England
 Mass. – royal colony
 Maryland – protestants resented
taxes/fees by Catholic leaders
 New York

restored internal, self-gov’t
Imperial Wars
 King
William’s War (1689-1697)
 Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713)
War of Spanish Succession
 Britain vs. France & Spain

Indian Goals
 Iroquois
– “aggressive neutrality”
 Creek – attacked FL
 many joined French

Mohawks
2
 Treaty
of Utrecht – 1713
Britain acquired land in Canada
 Britain acquired Gibraltar

South Atlantic System
 Growth
of Sugar
 West Indies turn to sugar
British colonists
 wealthy planters – Barbados
 “rich man’s crop”

 Adam
Smith – “most profitable crop”
Impact on Europe
 Navigation
Acts
 Royal African Company
 British trade
 shipbuilding
 experienced sailors
African Slave Trade
 11
million Africans
 tribal warfare – European guns
 Benin – prohibited export of slaves
 social status
Middle Passage
 trip
to New World – 1 month
 overcrowding
 disease
 death toll – 15-20%
 revolts – over 2000
3
Chesapeake Slavery
 Bacon’s
Rebellion
 tobacco
 1720
– 20% of population
 better conditions than West Indies
 longer lives
 female slaves – children
South Carolina
 more
oppressive
 harder work
 rice
 mosquitoes
 1705 – more slaves than whites
Blending Cultures
 marriages
/ friendships
 Gullah – language
 family ties

passed along traditions
 tried
Slave Life
 education
forbidden
 living quarters terrible
 no days off
 severe punishment
 pass to leave plantation
to keep African heritage
Resistance
 work
slowly
 steal from master, sabotage
 run away
 attempt to kill master
 revolt
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Aristocracy
Stono Rebellion
 1739
– South Carolina
 Florida promised freedom
 slaves killed whites
 militia killed most rebels
 more discipline
 William

treated poorly in England – status
 tried
to address concerns of poor
 gentility

built large homes, sons to London
Northern Economy
 Triangular
Trade
Northern Economy
 food
shipped to W. Indies, South
 lumber/shipbuilding
 diversified agriculture
 rum – molasses
 fishing
Colonial Merchants
 small
fleets of vessels - rivers
 taverns, horse stables
 wealthy merchants
 artisans, shopkeepers – 50% of
population
 laborers
Byrd II
Laborers
 lowest
ranks of society
 dockworkers
 unskilled workers
 children worked
 tenements
5
Colonial Assemblies
 governors’
Politics of Empire
salaries not paid
 taxes, appointments
 led by aristocracy

passed through families
 John
Georgia - 1732
Salutary Neglect
 more
focus on defense and trade
 relaxed supervision by the crown
 Sir
Robert Walpole
 James Oglethorpe
 protect South Carolina from Spain
 refuge for Britain’s poor
War of Jenkins' Ear
 1739-1748
 War
of Austrian Succession
 Fort Louisbourg captured by militia
 returned to French after war

Peter Zenger case – NY
Economic Controls
 Navigation
Acts
 colonial shipping

merchants gained control of
transatlantic trade
colonists furious
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 land

 Molasses
Act – 1733
allowed trade with F. West Indies
 high tariff on F. molasses

• to protect British sugar trade

generally ignored – high sugar prices
 warfare
against European rivals
 forced slave labor
colonial assemblies
• printed currency
lent money to farmers
 merchants had to accept it

 Currency

Act – 1751
no new banks or currency
Weakened Authority
British Prosperity
 mercantilism
banks
 internal

unrest
Glorious Revolution
 salutary
neglect
 threat of self-government
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