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Form 4 Chapter 9
FORM 4 CHAPTER 9 MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY
ANALYSIS OF PAST YEAR QUESTIONS FROM 2003 – 2008
Year
Paper
No.
Type of
question
Question
No
2003
P2
S
3
2004
P3
E
S
P2
E
3
S
2005
P3
E
S
P2
E
S
2006
P3
E
S
3
P2
E
S
3
5
2007
P3
E
S
P2
E
S
2
2008
P3
E
S
P2
E
S
P3
E
S
1
STRUCTURED QUESTIONS
1.
SPM 2003/P2/Q3
Figure 3 shows the flow chart for the industrial manufacture of sulphuric acid and the
production of fertilizer Z.
Based on figure 3, answer the following questions.
(a) Name the process of manufacturing sulphuric acid.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b)
Name the substance X.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(c)
Substance X could react directly with water to form sulphuric acid. Explain why
this step is not carried out in the industrial process.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(d)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
Write the chemical equation when oleum reacts with water to form sulphuric
acid.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
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(e)
Form 4 Chapter 9
Name the substance Y and the fertilizer Z.
Substance Y: ………………………………………………………………………
Fertilizer Z : ………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
The combustion of petrol in the engines of vehicles produces sulphur
dioxide. This gas when dissolved in rain is corrosive.
(f)
2.
Write a chemical equation when sulphur dioxide reacts with water.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
SPM 2006/P2/Q5
(a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction used in Haber Process for the
industrial production of ammonia.
(b)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks]
Graph 5 shows the percentage of ammonia production from Factory P and its
competitor Factory Q.
(i)
Based on Graph 5, compare the percentage of ammonia produced at the
pressure of 200 atm from each factory.
……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii)
Based on your comparison in 5(b)(i), what is the effect of temperature on
the percentage of ammonia produced?
……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(iii)
One method of increasing the percentage of ammonia is by increasing the
pressure. State one problem that may arise from this method.
……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
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(iv)
Form 4 Chapter 9
How may the problem in 5(b)(iii) be overcome?
……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(c) Ammonia from the Haber Process can be used to manufacture ammonium
nitrate fertilizer, NH4NO3.
(i)
State one other use of ammonium nitrate.
(ii)
(iii)
……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
Complete the chemical equation below for the preparation of ammonium
nitrate fertilizer, NH4NO3.
……………………….. + …………………………..  NH4NO3(s)
[ 2 marks]
The apparatus below is used to make ammonium nitrate solution.
Next to the arrow, draw a diagram of the set up of the apparatus used in
the preparation of ammonium nitrate crystals
[ 2 marks]
3.
SPM 2007/P2/Q2
Diagram 2 shows how ammonium sulphate is produced.
(a)
Process X and process Y are industrial processes.
What are the names of each of these processes?
X : ……………………………………………………………………………………
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(b)
Form 4 Chapter 9
Y : ……………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
What are the three raw materials needed for process X?
1. ……………………………………………………………………………………
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………
(c)
3. ……………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
(i)
Write a balanced chemical equation for reaction P.
(ii)
……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
Use the answer in 2(c)(i) to determine the number of moles of sulphuric
acid and the number of moles of ammonia used to produce 1 mole of
ammonium sulphate.
Sulphuric acid: ……………………………………………………………………
Ammonia
(d)
: ……………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
State one use of ammonium sulphate.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
4.
SPM 2008/P2/Q1
Diagram 1 shows the manufacture of sulphuric acid.
(a)
What is the name of this process?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b)
State the name of catalyst X.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(c)
(i)
State the name of substance Y.
…………………………………………………………………………………
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Form 4 Chapter 9
[1 mark]
(ii)
Substance Y is formed when sulphur trioxide reacts with concentrated
sulphuric acid.
Write the chemical equation for this reaction.
…………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(d)
A waste gas is produced during the manufacture of sulphuric acid.
Explain briefly how this gas can cause environmental pollution.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(e)
The sulphuric acid produced can be used to manufacture fertilizers.
(i)
Name one fertilizer manufactured from sulphuric acid.
(ii)
…………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
State another use of sulphuric acid.
…………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
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Form 4 Chapter 9
Question 1 2003/P2/Q3
(a) Contact Process
(b) Sulphur trioxide
(c) The reaction gives off a lot of heat. (or Large cloud of sulphuric acid formed)
(d) H2S2O7 + H2O  2H2SO4
(e) Substance Y: ammonia
Fertilizer Z : ammonium sulphate
(f) 2SO2 + O2 + 2H2O  2H2SO4 or
SO2 + H2O  H2SO3
Question 2 2006/P2/Q5
(a)
N2 + 3H2  2NH3
Percentage of ammonia produced from factory Q is higher than factory P.
(b)
(i)
(c)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
At a lower temperature, percentage of ammonia produced is higher.
The pipes might explode or break.
By using tanks or pipes that can withstand high pressure
Use as explosives or cold pack
NH3 + HNO3  NH4NO3(s)
Question 3 2007/P2/Q2
(a) X : Contact process
Y : Haber process
(b) 1. Sulphur
2. Air (or oxygen)
3. Water
(c) (i) H2SO4 + 2NH3  (NH4)2SO4
(ii) Sulphuric acid: 1 mole
Ammonia
: 2 moles
(d) Ammonium sulphate is use as fertilizer
Question 4 2008/P2/Q1
(a) Contact process
(b) Vanadium(V) oxide (or vanadium pentoxide)
(c) (i) Oleum
(ii) SO3 + H2SO4  H2S2O7
(d) Waste gas dissolve in rain water and produces acid rain
(or waste gas react with water vapour in the air and produces acid rain.)
(e) (i)
Ammonium sulphate (or potassium sulphate)
[For other accepted answers, please refer to the text book page 152]
(ii)
Use as electrolyte in car batteries (lead-acid accumulators) or making of
detergent..
[For other accepted answers, please to the text book page 152]
6
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Form 4 Chapter 9
FORM 4 CHAPTER 9 MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY
ANALYSIS OF PAST YEAR QUESTIONS FROM 2003 – 2008
Year
Paper
No.
Type of
question
Question
No
5.
2003
P2
S
3
2004
P3
E
S
P2
E
3
S
2005
P3
E
S
P2
E
S
2006
P3
E
S
3
P2
E
S
3
5
2007
P3
E
S
P2
E
S
2008
P3
E
S
2
P2
E
S
P3
E
S
1
SPM 2004/P2/Q3
(a) Figure 3.1 shows an industrial preparation of sulphuric acid by the Contact
Process.
Write the chemical equations for the reactions in Stages II and IV.
[2 marks]
(b)
Figure 3.2 shows the waste product from a factory which affects the quality of
the environment.
Based on Figure 3.2, describe how the waste product affects the quality of the
environment. Your description should include the following aspects:
 Source
 Process
 Effect
[8 marks]
(c)
Sarah could easily bend her bangle which is made of pure metal but she
could not bend her mother’s bangle which is made of its alloy.
By using one suitable example, describe a laboratory experiment to show the
hardness of the alloy compared to its pure metal.
Explain the difference in hardness of the metal and its alloy in terms of atomic
arrangement.
[10 marks]
7
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6.
Form 4 Chapter 9
SPM 2003/P3/Q3
If the body of a car is made of iron, it would easily rust. This is because the iron
surface is exposed to air and water. It is also easily dented in an accident. Thus,
to reduce these problems the body of the car is made of steel.
Referring to the above situation, design a laboratory experiment to compare iron and
steel based on one of the following properties:
Hardness or rust resistance
In designing your experiment it must include the following items:
(i)
Problem statement
(ii) Hypothesis
(iii) List of substances and apparatus
(iv) Procedure
(v) Tabulation of data
[17 marks]
7.
SPM 2005/P3/Q3
Choose one of the following tasks:
Task 1
The copper wire in an electric cable can be easily bent by hand. A one-cent
made of an alloy of copper with tin and zinc cannot be bent easily.
Referring to the situation above, plan a laboratory experiment to investigate
the effect of alloy formation on the hardness of a metal.
[For answer to this task, please refer to F5 Chapter 1 Rate of Reaction]
Task 2
Buildings in industrial areas are more corroded than those in housing areas.
This is because the concentration of acid in rain water is higher in industrial
areas.
Referring to the situation above, plan a laboratory experiment to investigate
the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction between a named acid and a
named metal.
Your planning must include the following items:
(i)
Statement of the problem
(ii) All the variables
(iii) Lists of substances and apparatus
(iv) Procedure
(v) Tabulation of data
[17 marks]
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Form 4 Chapter 9
FORM 4 CHAPTER 9 MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY
Question 1 2004/P2/Section C Q3
(a)
Stage II : 2SO2 + O2  2SO2
Stage IV : H2S2O7 + H2O  2H2SO4
(b)
[Please refer to the pictorial diagram in the text book. page 155 for a more detailed
answer]
Source:
 Sulphur dioxide gas (or toxic waste) is produced in the factories (or due to the
burning of sulphur in the factories).
Process:
 Sulphur dioxide dissolves in the rain water to form acid rain.
 Rain water (or toxic waste) from the factories were channeled into rivers.
Effect:
1. Acid rain reduces the pH of the soil (or toxic waste poison the soil).
2. Consequently the nutrients in the soils are destroyed.
3. Plants, roots of tree and fishes in the rivers die.
4. Acid rain and acidic river causes corrosion of buildings and bridges.
5. Quality of air decreases.
(c)
Apparatus: one kilogram weight, metre rule, retort stand and clamp
Materials: copper block, bronze block, cellophane tape, thread, steel ball.
Procedure
1. A steel ball is stuck onto a copper block by cellophane tape.
2. A weight is hung at a height of 100 cm above the steel ball.
3. The weight is dropped from 100 cm.
4. A dent is formed on the cooper block and its diameter is measured and recorded.
5. Step 1 to step 4 is repeated by replacing the copper block with the bronze block.
Observation :
It is found that the diameter of the dent in the copper block is larger than that of
bronze.
[Explaining the difference in hardness in terms of atomic arrangement.]
1. The arrangement of atoms in the copper block is uniform (or orderly)
2. The orderly arrangement of atoms in pure metals enables the layers of atoms to slide
on one another when a force is applied.
3. Tin atom which is of different size disturb the orderly arrangement.
4. Hence this reduces sliding between layers of copper atoms.
Question 2 2003/P3/Q3
Answer on laboratory experiment based on the property hardness
(i)
Problem statement
Is steel harder than iron?
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Form 4 Chapter 9
(ii)
Hypothesis
Steel is harder than iron. (or Dent formed in steel has a smaller diameter while dent
formed on iron has a bigger diameter.)
(iii)
List of substances and apparatus
Iron block, steel block, cellophane tape, thread, one kilogram weight, steel ball
bearing, meter rule, retort stand and clamp.
(iv)
Procedure
Please refer to Form 4 Chemistry Practical Book page 148 for the procedure and
diagram
Note:
 A two dimensional diagram should be drawn (not a 3-D diagram)
 Replace the words ‘copper’ and ‘bronze’ (in the practical text book) with the words
‘iron’ and ‘steel’ respectively.
(v)
Tabulation of data
Please refer to Form 4 Chemistry Practical Book page 149 for the data table
Answer on laboratory experiment based on the property rust resistant
(i)
Problem statement
Does iron rusts more easily than steel?
(ii)
Hypothesis
Iron has a higher rate of rusting compared to that of steel. (or Iron is less resistance to
rust while steel has a higher resistance to rust.)
(iii)
List of substances and apparatus
Iron nail, steel nail, jelly solution, potassium hexacynoferrate(III) solution, sandpaper,
test tubes.
(iv)
Procedure
Please refer to Form 4 Chemistry Practical Book page 151 for the procedure and
diagram
Note:
 In the practical text book, three types of iron nails were suggested to be used in the
experiment. In this question, we need only to use iron nail and steel nail. Hence to
answer this question, modify the text book procedure by ignoring the use of
stainless nail.
(v)
Tabulation of data
Please refer to Form 4 Chemistry Practical Book page 151 for the data table
Question 3 2005/P3/Q3
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Form 4 Chapter 9
[Answer for Task 1]
(i)
Statement of the problem
Are alloys harder than its pure metal? (Is alloying of metal increases its hardness?)
(ii)
All the variables
Manipulated variable: Metal and its metal alloy (or copper and bronze; or iron and
steel)
Responding variable: Diameter of dent
Fixed variable
: Mass of weight, (or height of the weight, type of ball bearing)
(iii)
(iv)
Lists of substances and apparatus
Copper block, bronze block, cellophane tape, thread, one kilogram weight, steel ball
bearing, metre rule, retort stand and clamp.
Procedure
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(v)
A steel ball is stuck onto a copper block by cellophane tape.
A weight is hung at a height of 100 cm above the steel ball.
The weight is dropped from 100 cm.
A dent is formed on the copper block and its diameter is measured and recorded.
The experiment is repeated to obtain more dents and its diameter reading.
Step 1 to step 5 is repeated by replacing the copper block with the bronze block.
Tabulation of data
Metal
Copper
Bronze
Diameter of dent (cm)
11
Average diameter (cm)