EXAM1REVIEWSHEETHEALTHPSYCHOLOGY
ExamFormat:52questions,3.5ptseach.MostlyM/C,someT/F
HealthOverview
-DefinitionofHealth
-StatusofHealthinUSvs.peernations
-CurrentCausesofdeathvs.causesin1900
-7behaviorslinkedwithlonglife
-behavioralimmunogensvs.behavioralpathogens
-LifeExpectancy:factorswhichincreaseordecreaseit;menvs.women
BiologicalComponentsofHealth
DiseaseModels:comparisonwithmodernviews
-ancientviews:supernatural/magicalviews;implicationsfortreatment;trephining/trepanning
-Hippocrates:diseaseasnatural;humoraltheory;Empiricism;linkedsymptomstodisorders;ideaof
balance
-MiddleAges:diseaseasdivinepunishment
-Renaissance:anatomicalpathology;Vesalius
-BiomedicalModel
Knowcontributionsoffollowingfigures:Virchow;Semmelweiss;Erlich;Pasteur;Koch&Henle;
Jenner;Lister
-inoculationvs.vaccinedistinction
-Iatrogenicillness
-MagicBullet:definitionandimplications
-Etiology
-Problems/BenefitsoftheBiomedicalModel
-BacklashtoBiomedicalModel:AlternativeMedicine,OveruseofADHDdrugs;Resistancetovaccines
-AssignedReading:OverdiagnosisArticle
-AssignedVideo:TheVaccineWar
PsychologicalComponentsofHealth
Psychogenicvs.SomatogenicDisease:definitions&howsymptomsareproduced
ConversionDisorder:diagnosisbyexclusion;demographicsofthoseaffected
Placeboeffect:
Factorscontributingtoeffect
mechanisms(endorphins;brainactivity,etc);rootcanalexperiment;fMRIarticle;differencesinbrain
responsestoplacebovsresponsetodrug
inverseplacebo;nocebos;factorswhichaffectsizeofplaceboeffect
doctorsprescribingplacebos;stats,dotheyworkifpeoplearetold
Personality&Disease:
Reactivity:SuomiStudies
TypeA:generalpersonalitytraits;lifestyle/physiologicaldifferences;traitmostlinkedtodisease
Pessimism
Repressors
CognitiveComponents:
Attributions(internalvs.external;“surrender”orfatalisticattitude)
Heuristics:AvailabilityBias;RepresentativenessBias;AffectiveErrors;OptimismBias
NumberofDoctorsandqualityofcare
-AssignedReading:Chap15InWhyZebrasDon’tGetUlcers;CohenPlaceboarticle
SocialComponentsofHealth
Society
-GenderDifferences:mortalityvs.morbidityrates
-sex-vs.gender-linkedfactors;behavioralprofiles/roles
-MediaInfluences:good&badeffects;TheDr.Oz&JolieEffects
RaceandHealthDisparities
-Lifeexpectancyasafunctionofraceandgeographicregion
-Possiblereasonsfordifferences
Roleofperceiveddiscrimination:
-SocialIdentityThreat
-HealthconsequencesofperceiveddiscriminationstudieslookingatLGBTandObesesubjects
-Weightstigmastudy
PossibleTreatmentDifferences?
-DoctorInteractionswithOverweightvs.NormalWeightpatients
-IATstudies:doesimplicitbiasaffecttreatmentofblackvs.whitepatients?Comparisonoftwo
studies
Assignedreading:Chap17inSapoloskybook(Correlationbetweenpovertyandbehaviors(e.g,
smoking;Roleofstress,socialcomparison);Shafirstudyonpovertyanddecision-making
Community
-SocialSupportNetworks:generaldefinition;explicitvs.Implicitsupport,culturaldifferences
-LayreferralNetwork
FamilyInfluences
-Modeling:factorswhichpromoteimitation
-Values:healthhabits;teachablemoment
-Pre-NatalInfluences:FOAD(fetaloriginsofadulthealthanddisease):
Stress
MeasuringStress(Chapter1intextandlecture)
-statisticsincollegepopulation
-statisticsacrossageanddecades
-typesofstressors:psychological,anticipatoryvs.acute,physical
-Ratingscales:majorlifeeventsvs.dailyhassles
-Shorttermstressresponseasnecessaryandcrucialfordiscretestressor
Stressasadisruption(Chap1andlecture)
-GeneralStressResponse-non-specificresponsetoanystressor
-Cannon’sFight-or-FlightResponse
-Selye’sGASmodel:knowstages;physiologicalchangesateachstage
-problemswithSelye’smodel:
-Taylor’sTend-or-BefriendView
BiologicalCircuit(Chap2inBook&Lecture)
-AutonomicNervousSystem:1.SympatheticNervousSystem:
-Hypothalamic-Pituitary-AdrenalAxis:knowsequenceofactivation;whatisreleasedateach
stage(fromwheretowhere);interactionwithsympatheticNS
-CRH;ACTH;cortisol;glucocortocoids,etc
-DistinctionsBetweenSympatheticandGlucocorticoidResponses:(chap2)
-timecourse;function;
-Acutevs.ChronicConsequencesofHPA&SympatheticActivation
-effectsonglucose;heart,immunesystem,digestivesystem,reproduction;proteinsynthesis,etc