Answer Key Note: The answers to cloze exercises using songs can be found in the section Lyrics on page 349. Worksheet 6 HOW OFTEN? Part 2: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Worksheet 10 John seldom works. John usually plays with his sons. John’s wife never works. She rarely studies. She almost never works late. True True True True True False False False False False DETECTIVE 1 A thief stole a computer and printer from an office on campus Saturday at 10:00. Sandy was in the parking lot across from the office, standing next to her car. She only saw him for a few minutes, but she was sure she could identify him. The police officers were happy to have a witness, but they weren’t sure how much she saw from the parking lot. Sandy was positive she could answer the detective’s questions. Questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Worksheet 18 Were were Was Were was was 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. was Were Were was Was LINE-UPS (Present perfect) 1. What have you eaten this morning? 7. Who have you spoken to before class today? 2. What have you forgotten to do? 8. What have you thought about doing after class? 3. Where have you gone shopping? 9. What have you given a friend? 4. How much money have you lent a friend? 10. What have you sent to your family recently? 5. What habit have you quit ? 11. How often have you been to the movies this month? 6. What have you told a family member more than once? 12. What have you lost recently? Worksheet 18 (continued) How often have you seen your family since you came to this school? What have you drunk more than once today? How many essays have you written in writing class? How often have you bought a soft drink in the last week? What is the longest you have slept since coming to this school? What have you broken more than once? Who have you known since you were a child? 338 Answer Key Who have you told a secret to more than once? What have you done more than once today? How many people from your country have you met in this class? What have you begun to do since coming to the U.S.? How much money have you spent on lunch this past month? How have you felt this week? Who have you sat next to in class more than once this week? Worksheet 19 LINE-UPS (Past perfect) Where had you studied English before you came to this school? Who (if anyone) had you known in this class when you started to study here? What had you heard about this school before you came here? How many times had you seen a movie in English before you came to this city? What had you already done before you left home this morning? What had you already eaten before you came to class? When you left for class this morning, had the sun come up ? Who had already gotten up when you left home this morning? What had you never seen before you went to a museum? What had you never eaten before you went to a Mexican restaurant? Where had you been before you got home yesterday? Before you went to bed last night, what had you already done ? Worksheet 25C 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Both. “The Three Little Pigs.” (I’ll blow your house down.) “The Little Red Hen.” (Who will help me plant the wheat?) No. Yes. “The Little Red Hen.” (Who will help me plant the wheat? I won’t.) In “The Little Red Hen,” the hen is asking if any of the other animals would be willing to help her. They are not willing until she has made the bread. Then they are willing to eat it. In “The Three Little Pigs,” the wolf states what he is going to do and what the result of that action will be (he predicts that the pigs’ houses will fall down). Worksheet 27B 1. 2. 3a. 3b. 4a. 4b. FAIRY TALES (Part II) Future progressive. It describes an action that is in progress for some time. It takes a long time to come around a mountain. Yes. “Going out to meet” someone is a short, completed action like starting or stopping. It does not continue for some time. Simple present. Whenever a sentence expresses a future time, the verb in the dependent (time) clause must be in the simple present form. Worksheet 28A ERROR ANALYSIS DRAW (Low level) He doesn’t eat lunch with us. My cousin lives very far away. CORRECT for adding emphasis. Or eliminate do. What time do you go to class every day? How many dogs do you have? Is your sister pretty? Sam and his father were happy to see us. Was/Is your aunt a teacher? I am going to the grocery store after class today. My brother is singing right now. My brother is home because he usually does his homework in the afternoon. Worksheet 28B ERROR ANALYSIS DRAW (Higher level) We haven’t been very lucky recently. She will have gotten married before she moves to New York. Answer Key 339 A pencil is made of lead and wood. My husband and I have been married since 1985. The news is exciting these days. He hadn’t met many famous people in Los Angeles before he left. Chris is from Switzerland. She is the laziest person I have ever met. Worksheet 32A 1. 2. 3. My brother doesn’t like coconut. Can you believe it? I never met anyone else in my life who felt this way. It seems very strange to me. What is there about coconut that he doesn’t like? It seems very inoffensive to me. Perhaps he says he doesn’t like it in order to get attention. When he refuses to eat a coconut cookie or cake with coconut frosting, he gets a lot of attention and people try to figure out why he dislikes it so much. Of course, my brother always denies this, but I think that is the real reason. When I first moved here 10 years ago, it got cold in December and January. In fact, the first two years, we had a freeze which killed all of my outdoor plants. As a result, I decided not to try to grow anything else. Now, however, it stays pretty warm all winter. In fact, just the other day I wore/was wearing shorts and a T-shirt. The sun was shining, and I felt as if it were summer! I couldn’t resist calling my family and friends back home to brag about the good weather here. Last week my brother-in-law took me to the desert about 45 minutes away, and we stayed there a couple of days. One of the reasons why we went there was to shoot rifles just for fun. He set up some cans and bottles for targets and shot at them. He also let me shoot his rifle. It was the first time I shot a gun, and I felt very scared. Even though I can see how much he enjoys target practice, I think gun ownership should be limited. Worksheet 32B 1. 2. 3. 340 ERROR ANALYSIS (Higher level) I first learned about this English program from a teacher at my school back home. I was surprised that it wasn’t my English teacher, but rather my history teacher. He had attended this program when he was a university student. He told me how good this school was and what an interesting city this was. However, he warned me that he had been a student here many years ago and that sometimes things change. I have noticed some changes, but basically, I have found this to be a good program with friendly teachers. I also enjoy living in this city. One of the most important decisions in life is deciding on a job. I first came to this country without knowing any English. Therefore, I had a hard time finding a job. I applied everywhere, but no one called me for a job. For that reason, I attended college and took some classes that helped me to have a good career. Now I have almost gotten my AA degree. After I had attended college for one year, I applied at a shoe store, and they hired me right away. My plan is to transfer to the university; after that, I can easily find a better job. My son has become a “snackaholic.” There was a time when he ate three big meals a day. Now, he only wants to snack. Popcorn, cookies, candy, soft drinks: these are his favorite foods. He seems to want to eat constantly, but only sweets or chips. What has happened to my good little eater? Could it be that he is following the example of his parents? I guess we better look at our own eating habits! Worksheet 37A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ERROR ANALYSIS (Lower level) WHAT’S THE QUESTION 2? What did John watch? Where did Mary study? Whom was she talking to? When did the movie begin? Why did Ali go to the dentist? How much did your watch cost? What did you buy? Why did they miss the party? When are you going to the zoo? What did Akiko see last night? Answer Key Worksheet 37B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. What did Jeremy play? Where did Jose ride his bike? Who were you writing a letter to? When does class begin? Why did Ken stay home last night? How many sisters does Kenji have? How much did you spend on gifts for your family? Why were your parents angry? When is Mohammed going to visit you? What did Yuko buy at the mall? Worksheet 38 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. WHAT’S THE QUESTION 2? TAG QUESTIONS weren’t you don’t you won’t you didn’t you aren’t you Worksheet 39A men pans fish wishes feet boots mothers brothers these kisses those hats lives lines foxes locks zoos potatoes geese sheep cacti classes shells shelves boxes kisses bats those roots boots men bans blouses geese FILL-IN CHART (Intermediate level) kisses these those hats mice houses Worksheet 39C shouldn’t they don’t you can’t you haven’t you won’t you FILL-IN CHART (Lower level) cities keys tomatoes radios mice houses Worksheet 39B 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. men pans boots feet teeth booths FILL-IN CHART (Higher level) boxes oxen heroes pianos autos chiefs thieves lice houses teeth booths these Answer Key 341 Worksheet 40 MOUSE STORY 1. friends 7. insects 13. rolls 2. NO CHANGE 8. things 14. children 9. NO CHANGE 15. mice 3. roots 4. vegetables 10. cookies 16. kids 5. NO CHANGE 11. pastries 17. NO CHANGE 6. ants 12. apples 18. luxuries Worksheet 42A A. B. C. D. Clothes can tell a lot about a person, but we can’t judge a person by the clothes he/she wears. In my country, a lot of people judge a person by what name brand of clothes he/she wears. A lot of times, people talk about what clothes their friends wear or say some people wear inappropriate clothes to high school. Now I’m in California where it is warm all through the year and where there are many beautiful beaches. When you take a walk on the beach, you see people wearing baggy clothes–at least two sizes larger than what they should be wearing. These people are surfers. Personally, I believe that the reason surfers wear baggy clothes is they always have wetsuits in order to be ready for waves. We have some important decisions to make in our lives. We can’t run away from them and we need to choose what is best for us. The three most important decisions for me are where to study, choice of job, and who to marry. All of them are important, but perhaps marriage is the most important one. We have to choose whether we will marry or not. If we don’t marry, it means that we will not have a family–including our own children. The decision about who we’ll marry is difficult to make also. In conclusion, we can’t predict what will happen and how our lives will be influenced by those decisions, but we have to decide even if it turns out bad. There are a lot of important things in a lifetime. The most important thing for a young person is to get a good education. A good education helps you to get a good job later on. You need a good job to earn enough money to live comfortably. It is not as important to have a really high-paying job as it is to be happy in your choice of occupation. Also, everyone needs to settle down by having a family because it is important in order for civilization to continue. However, being happy with oneself is truly the most important thing in life. Worksheet 42B A. B. C. D. 342 ERROR ANALYSIS (Lower level) ERROR ANALYSIS (Higher level) I have lived in Poland most of my life, and there is a place that I remember very well. It is a short, dark street with buildings on both sides. The buildings are very tall–at least four floors. There is an entrance but no exit from these streets. The windows look dirty, but shadow and window coverings make them look dark. Most people keep them clean and nice. I think about these places often because I spent most of my life there with many good friends. Explorers have lived in almost all times and in almost every country. There are many interesting books written and lots of adventure movies made about them. We can see that an explorer’s life is not just interesting, but it is also dangerous. In my opinion, explorers should be strong and brave, smart and experienced, and also have a sense of adventure. All the governments of democratic nations make laws according to the necessity of the social life of the country at the moment the law is enacted. After many years, some of those laws become inadequate, and there is an attempt by citizens to change them. This is what is happening in the United States now regarding gun control. In my opinion, a law that controls guns is necessary because it reduces slaughters, gun accidents, and violence in general. Dreams–this interesting topic has been on people’s minds for a long time. Everybody has the ability to dream in one way or another. Some people even say that dreaming is a sign that we are sleeping the perfect sleep. Throughout time, it has always been a top priority to figure out the nature of dreams. Although our knowledge of dreams is still in a primitive stage, we have already managed to divide them into categories. The majority of people will agree that nightmares, daydreams, and visions are the most common types of dreams. Answer Key Worksheet 43 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Worksheet 44 ARTICLE PASS-ALONG The yellow dog that belongs to my brother is an old dog. Does Yasuyuki drive a truck or a car? My sister’s boyfriend works at a restaurant across from the school he attends. My new watch is made of o/ gold. When Martha heard the terrible news, she was filled with o/ sadness. o/ Women generally live longer than o/ men. Many people return to o/ college after working for several years. The teacher said, “You may take a break if you have finished the rest of the test.” I’m going to the market on Hill Street. Can I get you anything? After Thanksgiving weekend, you would probably agree that o/ football is the most popular sport in North America. I hope to get a degree in o/ computer science by the end of this year. What is more important to you–o/ good health or o/ money? If the telephone in the kitchen rings, will you pick it up? o/ Radio had the biggest influence on o/ people until the invention of television. One reason Rafael bought his house is that the backyard is a good place for his kids to play. What is the quickest way to get to the mall? ERROR ANALYSIS DRAW Japanese eye contact between women and o/ men is impolite. or a woman and a man Eyes, hands, and the entire body help express what we want to say. When people meet for the first time, they shake hands. CORRECT. Gestures are used by many people, such as o/ teachers and policemen. If a guy and a girl are sitting together on a sofa and talking about something, and suddenly the girl is moving and tossing her hair, this signals her interest in the guy. CORRECT. When we are talking, we like to see o/ people’s eyes. Body language is part of our system of communication. CORRECT. The gestures mentioned earlier are also important to interpret nonverbal communication. CORRECT. The misinterpretation of nonverbal signals can cause serious o/ problems between cultures. The way a person stands or sits can reflect his self image. CORRECT. This example reminds me of the memories of the past 24 years. CORRECT. People can tell by the wrinkes on others’ faces what they have done in the past. CORRECT. Worksheet 45 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. POSSESSIVES I have yours. Is she yours? Do you have mine? That new car is theirs. This is yours; it isn’t mine. This is mine. Did you bring his? Those aren’t ours. We have ours. Did you see hers? Mine is leather; hers is straw. Yours is nice, but ours is nicer. The winning science project is mine. I like yours better than mine. His experience was worse than hers. May I borrow yours? I broke mine. Those brownies are theirs. The books on the table are theirs. I sold mine. That cocker spaniel is ours. Theirs are outside. Answer Key 343 Worksheet 46 FILL IN THE BLANKS A GROUP OF FRIENDS I have a friend named John who is a student. John has two brothers. His older brother, Tad, now lives in San Francisco. It is a beautiful city, as you know. I met them (the two brothers) when we were all working at the mall after school. John and Tad’s younger brother, Paul, lives in Austin, Texas. He is a swinging, single guy with two girlfriends. One girlfriend is a singer, and she sings every night with her twin sister. The other girlfriend lives in an apartment with her pet dog. It is a huge German shepherd. This dog likes to go camping with them, so they take it with them every chance they get. It is pretty much a “people” dog. By that, I mean it doesn’t like to be left alone. Now that you know a little bit about John, his two brothers, and me, read on to find out more about us. NUISANCE Once upon a time, there was a tomcat named Nuisance. He/It lived with a wonderful woman named Lisa, but for some reason, he/it seemed to like everyone but her. The harder Lisa tried to please him/it, the more Nuisance thought of things he/it could do to annoy her. One day Lisa’s friend brought over a beautiful hanging plant. She/they hung it in her bedroom window. Then the two friends went out to dinner. When they returned, they found the plant on the floor. “What happened to it?” asked her friend, but Lisa knew and you do too, don’t you? That Nuisance! Another time, he/it ran away and was gone for three months. Lisa asked the people in the apartment building to help search for him/it. They all agreed to help, but no one found Nuisance. Just when she/they had given up hope, he/it turned up. Nuisance spent his/its whole life doing things like this to Lisa, but she always forgave him/it. Worksheet 48 CROSSWORDS across down 3. 6. 8. 9. 11. 12. them ours I theirs me yours 1. 2. 4. 5. 7. 9. 10. 13. Worksheet 51 ERROR ANALYSIS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Correct Incorrect (next to) Incorrect (in) Correct Incorrect (next to) 344 Answer Key you he hers mine she they it us 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Correct Correct Incorrect (hamburgers) Correct Correct Worksheet 52A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. in next to /behind/in front of/near/close to/in back of over/on top of at in in next to/between/in back of/in front of/near/close to at/in near/next to/close to/behind/in back of /in front of under/on Worksheet 52B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. Worksheet 54 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. PREPOSITION BEE (Lower level) 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. from . . . to at in in above/over over on around behind/in back of out/outside to PREPOSITION BEE (Higher level) at away over near/next to/beside on/under/near/next to into on during off/down from with/among/around after/during from . . . to without within/in/outside on on between/next to/beside beyond in/inside around/over PREPOSITION BEE (Phrasal verbs) out up up . . . out over along with off out out of up down 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. back out . . . away around over/through up up on up over into Answer Key 345 Worksheet 66 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. MOVIES Sand was placed in the bag. He was frightened by spiders. He had already been killed. It was replaced with the bag of sand. He was almost flattened/squashed. He had already been shot with an arrow/dart. He was chased by a boulder. He was surrounded by Indians. It was taken away from Indiana. He was chased and shot at by the Indians. He was scared by a snake. He will be flown back to his country. (Various answers possible.) Worksheet 67B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Worksheet 69 BUSY PICTURES A menu was being read by the old man. The drink was poured by the man. A tray is being carried by the waitress The table is set by the waiter. The silverware has been placed on a table by a waiter. The menus are being read by two women. The order was written by the waiter. The rolls have already been set on the table. A drink is being drunk by a man. An order is being listened to (or is being taken) by the waiter. STORYTIME 1. General Hospital a. Kevin is worried about Lucy. b. Lucy is attracted to Norma. c. Kevin and Mac are taken out by Lucy. d. Kevin and Mac are taught a lesson by Lucy. 2. General Hospital a. Sonny’s share of the company is sold to Edward. b. The control of the company is taken away from Lois and Brenda. c. Brenda is lied to about some legal papers. d. Brenda is pressured to sign some papers. Worksheet 70 REVIEWS A Walk in the Clouds is an interesting/exciting movie starring Keanu Reeves. The movie takes place after World War II in the wine country of California. The characters are surrounded by the beautiful scenery. Keanu’s character is married to a woman he met right before going overseas. They don’t really know each other, nor are they interested in the same things. He is a traveling salesman, and on his first trip after returning home he meets a confusing/fascinating woman on the train. Every time he runs into her, he gets into trouble. She is embarrassed to have caused him so many problems, but he notices that she is very frightened/depressed, and finally she tells him that she is pregnant and unmarried. This is an especially humiliating position to be in at this time because her parents are very strict and will be shocked by this news. She is very depressed and doesn’t know what to do. Keanu’s character offers to pose as her husband who will then have a fight with her and leave the confused/humiliated woman. Her family, however, will believe she is married and that the husband is a disgusting person. They will feel sorry for her. Before the two can carry out this somewhat confusing plan, they start to really fall in love. Watch the movie to find out the exciting ending! 346 Answer Key Worksheet 74A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. a a b b b Worksheet 75 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. EXAMPLES 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. d d c c f 11. 12. 13. f e e WHICH IS IT? a b a b a Worksheet 80 STORYTIME 1. One Life to Live a. Maggie came to Llanview to visit/see her cousin. b. Max is angry at Maggie for making an appointment for his son. c. Maggie is determined to help Frankie. 2. General Hospital a. Jason is angry about people telling him what he was like. b. Jason decided to leave home. c. Jason can’t remember being in an accident. d. Jason stopped living at home. Worksheet 86A WORD SEARCH (Lower level) F E E M W B F R F R A S S R O T U E E L R R L B R S R H W M T O E E R E T T E B H W A S S R H R R E E A S T A S E U O S S S T F B E S F M T T E W O R S T R A F Worksheet 86B WORD SEARCH (Higher level) W D A L I M I S E L O I E L O O F A L L F F B R A L I M I S U F E W O R S E O R R E T T A R K W R E T R T F H I O E W H H E K I L A T M O T E N R E S T N O R R S T S A E L E S S A T S E B R E S T T F Answer Key 347 Worksheet 91 COMBINATIONS These words cannot be used in the sentences: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Because Although even though however However Worksheet 97 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Therefore But such as Furthermore As well as THE FACT THAT The fact that a big dog lives on my street scares me. Because of the fact that the bus didn’t come, I was late. I wonder about the fact that Yoichi didn’t study but scored 100 percent. The fact that my mother forgot my birthday made me sad. In spite of the fact that it’s cold today, I’m going to the beach. I was stunned by the fact that Ahmed was wearing a tie today. I wasn’t convinced by the fact that Hitoshi seemed sincere. The fact that the pyramids were built without the aid of machines really amazes me. The fact that my daughter graduated at the head of her class at Harvard takes my breath away. In spite of the fact that my dog chewed up my new book, I still love her. Worksheet 104 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. COMBINATIONS He teaches a class for students whose native language is not English. She gave several reasons, only a few of which were valid. I don’t know what I should do. / I don’t know what to do. That she doesn’t understand spoken English is obvious. John’s glasses broke yesterday while he was playing basketball. Because the Civil War has ended, a new government is being formed. Worksheet 110 STORY SAGAS Suggested answers: General Hospital: 1. If Lucy had not seen Catherine outside her building, she wouldn’t have had to testify. 2. If Lucy had not mentioned her duck, the jury would not have made fun of her. 3. If Catherine had not been accused of Damian’s murder, Lucy would not have talked about her duck. 4. If Lucy had not told Catherine about her testimony, Catherine would not have gotten angry. All My Children: 1. If 2. If 3. If 4. If Hailey’s father had not interfered, Charlie and Hailey would still be together. Cecily had not gotten divorced, she might not have returned to Pine Valley. Charlie and Hailey had not broken up, Charlie would not have become involved with Cecily. Charlie and Hailey had not broken up, she would not have become engaged to Alex. One Life to Live: 1. Joe might not have gotten involved with Dorian if everyone had left him alone. 2. If Dorian had really loved Joe, she would not have dropped him. 3. Dorian would not have married David if Joe’s mother had not forced her to. 4. David would not have married Dorian if she were poor. 1. 2. 3. 4. 348 David would not have admitted his impersonation if he had not fallen in love with Tina. David and Tina would not have married in secret if David were not impersonating her brother. David would not have agreed to marry Dorian if he had not given up Tina. If Tina had not had children, David would not have given her up. Answer Key Lyrics Worksheet 22 SONG “Some of These Days” Some of these days You ’ll miss me baby Some of these days You be so lonely You ’ll miss my kissing You ’ll miss my hugging You ’ll miss me baby When I’m far away Well, I feel so lonely For you only Ah, but honey, You had your way. When you leave, I know it ’s gonna grieve me You ’re gonna miss me baby When I’m gone. Worksheet 26 SONG (Time Clauses) “When Johnney Comes Marching Home” When Johnny comes marching home again, Hurrah! Hurrah! We’ll give him a hearty welcome then, Hurrah! Hurrah! The men will cheer , the boys will shout , the ladies they’ll all turn out And we’ll all feel gay when Johnny comes marching home. Lyrics 349 Worksheet 27A SONG (Future Progressive &Time Clauses) “She’ll Be Comin’ Round the Mountain” She’ll be coming She’ll be coming She’ll be coming She’ll be coming She’ll be coming round round round round round She’ll be driving She’ll be driving She’ll be driving She’ll be driving She’ll be driving six six six six six white white white white white Oh, we’ll all go Oh, we’ll all go Oh, we’ll all go Oh, we’ll all go Oh, we’ll all go out out out out out to to to to to Worksheet 47A the the the the the mountain when she comes mountain when she comes mountain, mountain, mountain when she comes . horses when she comes . horses when she comes . horses, horses, horses when she comes . meet meet meet meet meet her when she comes . her when she comes . her, her, her when she comes . Songs “He Stopped Loving Her Today” He said, “I’ll love you ‘till I die.” She told him, “ You’ll forget in time.” As the years went slowly by, She still preyed upon his mind. He stopped loving her today. They placed a wreath upon his door. And soon they’ll carry him away, He stopped loving her today. He kept her picture on his wall And went half crazy now and then; But he still loved her through it all, Hoping she’d come back again. You know, she came to see him one last time, Oh, and we all wondered if she would. And it kept running through my mind This time, he’s over her for good. Kept some letters by his bed, Dated nineteen-sixty-two; He had underlined in red Every single “I love you.” I went to see him just today. Oh but I didn’t see no tears. All dressed up to go ’way. First time I’d seen him smile in years. REFRAIN 350 Lyrics REFRAIN Worksheet 47B SONGS “The Erie Canal” I’ve got a mule, her name is Sal, Fifteen miles on the Erie Canal. She’s a good ol’ worker and a good ol’ pal, Fifteen miles on the Erie Canal. We’ve hauled some barges in our day, Filled with lumber, coal and hay. And we know every inch of the way From Albany to Buffalo. REFRAIN Low bridge, everybody down! Low bridge, for we’re coming to a town! And you’ll always know your neighbor, You’ll always know your pal, If you’ve ever navigated on the Erie Canal. We better get along on our way, ol’ gal, Fifteen miles on the Erie Canal. ‘Cause you bet your life I’d never part with Sal, Fifteen miles on the Erie Canal. Get up there, mule, here comes a lock We’ll make Rome about six o’clock, One more trip and back we’ll go, Right back home to Buffalo. REFRAIN Worksheet 47B (Continued) SONGS “Red River Valley” From this valley they say you are going, We will miss your bright eyes and sweet smile, For they say you are taking the sunshine, That brightens our pathway awhile. REFRAIN Come and sit by my side if you love me, Do not hasten to bid me adieu, But remember the Red River Valley And the girl that has loved you so true. Won’t you think of the valley you’re leaving? Oh, how lonely, how sad it will be, Oh think of the fond heart you’re breaking, And the grief you are causing me. REFRAIN Lyrics 351 From this valley they say you are going, When you go, may your darling go, too? Would you leave her behind unprotected? When she loves no other but you? REFRAIN I have promised you, darling, that never Will a word from my lips cause you pain; And my life, it will be yours forever If you only will love me again. Worksheet 94 SONG “Amie” I can see why you think you belong to me; I never tried to make you think or let you see One thing for yourself. But now you’re off with someone else and I’m alone. You see, I thought that I might keep you for my own. REPEAT Amie, what ‘choo wanna do? I think I could stay with you For awhile, maybe longer, if I do. Don’t you think the time was right for us to find All them things we thought weren’t proper Could be right in time. And, can you see Which way we should turn together or alone. I can’t never tell what’s right or what is wrong. (It’d take too long to see) REPEAT Well, now it’s come to what you want; you’ve had your way. And all the things you thought before just faded into gray. And can you see A-That I don’t know if it’s you or if it’s me. If it’s one of us, I’m sure we both will see (Oh, won’t you look at me and tell me) REPEAT I just keep falling in and out of love with you, Falling in and out of love with you, Don’t know what I’m gonna do, I keep falling in and out of love with you. 352 Lyrics Index 1: Grammar A Adjective Clauses 284 – 285 reduction 285 Adjective 131, 178 – 184 be + adjective 181 – 182, 184 order 183 possessive 147, 149 – 150 Adverb Clauses 283 – 284 Adverbs of Frequency 8 – 9 Agreement 95, 132 Always 9, 15 Articles 135 – 136 As if 317 As though 317 B Be 10 C Comparatives 251 – 253, 256 –258 Complaints with Always 15 Conditional 309 – 321 true in present 309 – 311, 320 untrue in past 318 – 321 untrue in present 312 – 317, 319 – 321 Coordinators 270 – 271, 292 Correlative Conjunctions 270 – 271 Count Nouns 132 – 134 D Direct Speech 291 – 292 E Either 270 Enough 229 F Frequency Adverbs 8 – 9 Future perfect 73, 89 – 90 predictions 64 – 67, 71 – 72, 90 prior plans 69 – 72, 90 progressive 73, 90 time clauses 72 – 73 willingness 68, 71 – 72, 90 G Gerunds 230 – 236 go + gerund 233 as subject 230 verbs which take gerund or infinitive 231 – 232 H Have 10 I Predictions 64 – 67, 71 – 72 Preposition/Verb Combinations Indirect Speech 291 – 292 227 – 228 Infinitives 230 – 236 Prepositions too/enough 229 place 160 – 162 verbs which take either 231 – 232 time 162 with it 230 Present Perfect 38–39, 41, 89–90, 95 Irregular Noun Plurals 128 – 131 Present Progressive 12 – 14, 90 – 95 Irregular Verb Forms 30 – 35 Present Time present progressive 12 – 14, 90–95 M in time clauses 72, 90 Modal Auxiliaries 197 – 202 simple present 2 – 10, 14, 90, 95 be able to 202 Prior Plans 69 – 72, 90 be supposed to 201 – 202 Pronouns 147 – 150 be used to 201 object 147, 149 – 150 can 198 – 199, 201, 202 possessive 147 – 150 could 201 – 202 subject 147 – 150 had better 201 have got to 201 Q may 201 Quantity, Expressions of 134 might 201 – 202, 316 Question Word Order 112 must 201 – 202 Questions negatives 199, 201 – 202 tag 116 ought to 201 wh- 4, 109 – 115 past progressive form 200, 202 yes/no 3 – 6, 105 – 108, 112 – 115 should 201 – 202 Quoted Speech 291 – 292 should have 202 will 201 – 202 R would 203, 316 Reported Speech 291 – 292 would rather 201 Review of Verbs 41 – 42, 89 – 95 N Need 10 Neither 270 Nonprogressive Verbs 11 Noun Clauses 286, 291 Nouns 131 count 132 – 134 noncount 132 – 134 O Object Pronouns 147, 149– 150 P Parallelism 269 Participial Adjectives 219 Passive Voice 216 – 218 Past Perfect 40 – 42, 89 – 90, 95 Past Progressive 28, 36 – 37, 90 Past Time past perfect 40 – 43, 89 – 90 past progressive 28, 36 – 37, 90 present perfect 38 – 39, 41, 89 – 90, 95 simple past 26 – 30, 42, 90, 95 Phrasal Verbs 163 – 169 with up 167, 169 Plural Nouns 128, 131 Possessive Adjectives 147, 149 – 150 Possessive Pronouns 147, 149 – 150 S Short Answers 3 – 4, 29 Signal Words 8 – 9, 39 Simple Past 26 – 30, 42, 90 Simple Present 2 – 10, 14, 90 Singular/Plural 128 – 130 Subject Pronouns 147 – 150 Subjunctive 290 – 291 Subordinators 272 – 274, 292 Superlatives 254 – 258 T Tag Questions 116 Time Clauses 72 – 73, 90 Too 229, 270 V Verbs Nonprogressive 11 W Want 10 Wh-questions 4, 109 – 115 Willingness 68, 71 – 72, 90 – 94 Wishes 321 Y Yes/No Questions 3 – 6, 105 – 108, 112 – 115 Index 1 353 Index 2: Games B Ball Toss 9, 11, 30, 131 Bingo 5, 35, 106, 179 Board Games 91, 109, 201, 202, 235 C Cards 3, 10, 12, 34, 38, 93, 105, 112, 114, 134, 166, 167, 181, 182, 197, 200, 229, 230, 232–234, 251, 255, 270, 272, 290, 309, 310, 312, 315, 316 Chain Stories 218, 270, 273, 287 Comics 320 Completions 218, 270, 273, 287 Concentration 32, 130, 147, 163, 227 Creating Sentences/Questions 3, 4, 15, 26, 27, 29, 39, 64, 93, 105, 112, 114, 134, 182, 256, 271, 284, 317, 319 Crosswords 150 D Descriptions 14, 29, 36, 180–183, 255, 257 Dice Games 65, 94 Directions 311 N Newspaper Ads 115 O One Student Out 6, 7, 107, 198, 274, 313 P Pantomime 12, 42, 180, 233, 272 Pictures 10, 12, 36, 66, 131, 162, 217, 219, 285, 317 Preposition Bee 162, 165 Q Questionnaire 41, 111, 255 R Relays 11, 31, 128, 228, 234 Reporting 39, 110, 184, 311 Riddles 202, 253 Role Play 4, 67, 68, 200, 232 S E Error Analysis Draw 90, 135 Error Analysis Group Work 95, 132, 162 Exercises 9, 114, 116, 150, 231, 273, 288, 292 F Fables 72, 129 Fairy Tales 72 Fill-in-the-blanks 26, 128, 135, 149, 219 Finding Information 2, 3, 38, 106, 199, 229 Food 64, 254 G Game Show Games 109 Guessing Games 6, 7, 13, 107, 108, 183, 198, 274, 283–285, 313, 316 Scavenger Hunts 10, 132, 133, 135, 160, 178 Schedules 69–70 Songs 37, 66, 72–73, 89, 149, 286, 314 Spelling Bee 35 Stories 29–30, 168, 184, 218, 236, 258, 318 Superstitions 309–310 Survey 169, 254 T Tic Tac Toe 33, 129, 164, 227 Time Lines 73, 89, 93 V Videos/Movies 37, 216 W Word Search 257 I Interviews 9, 67, 71, 292 L Line-Ups 34, 38, 40, 197, 234, 315 M Magazines 10, 131, 160, 178, 253, 317 Matches 218, 230, 252, 270, 288, 320 Memory 8, 27, 269, 312 354 Mixed-Up Answers 92, 148 Mystery 26, 289 Index 2