RIICRC203A
INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
LEARNER GUIDE
Module One – Plan And Prepare
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Module One – Plan And Prepare
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Review Log ..................................................................................................................................... 4!
Module Basis .................................................................................................................................. 4!
1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 5!
1.2 Compliance Documentation ................................................................................................... 6!
1.2.1 Types Of Compliance Documentation ................................................................................................... 7!
1.2.1.1 Project Quality Requirements ........................................................................................................ 9!
1.2.2 Interpreting And Applying Information ................................................................................................. 11!
1.2.3 Workplace Communication ................................................................................................................. 12!
1.2.3.1 Civil Construction Terminology .................................................................................................... 14!
1.3 Safety Requirements ............................................................................................................. 15!
1.3.1 Occupational Health & Safety/Work Health & Safety Legislation ........................................................ 17!
1.3.1.1 Harmonisation Of Work Health & Safety Legislation ................................................................... 17!
1.3.1.2 Material Safety Data Sheets And Safe Handling Methods .......................................................... 19!
1.3.2 Site And Equipment Safety Requirements .......................................................................................... 21!
1.3.2.1 Personal Protective Equipment ................................................................................................... 22!
1.3.2.2 Tools And Equipment .................................................................................................................. 24!
1.3.2.3 Safety Documentation ................................................................................................................. 25!
1.3.2.4 Safe Operating Procedures ......................................................................................................... 27!
1.3.2.5 Emergency Procedures ............................................................................................................... 29!
1.3.3 Risk Management ............................................................................................................................... 32!
1.3.3.1 Consultation And Communicating With Others ........................................................................... 33!
1.3.3.2 Risk/Hazard Identification ............................................................................................................ 34!
1.3.3.3 Risk/Hazard Assessment ............................................................................................................ 35!
1.3.3.4 Risk/Hazard Treatment ................................................................................................................ 36!
1.3.3.5 Monitoring And Review ................................................................................................................ 36!
1.3.3.6 Reporting And Record Keeping ................................................................................................... 37!
Appendix 1A – Work Health & Safety Common Terms And Definitions ................................. 38!
Appendix 1B – Safe Work Method Statement ........................................................................... 39!
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Module One – Plan And Prepare
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REVIEW LOG
Version Number
Date Updated
Details of Updates
Version 4H
Released
August, 2013
MODULE BASIS
This module is based on the unit of competency RIICRC203A Install Sub-Soil Drainage:
Element 1 – Plan and prepare.
1.1. Access, interpret and apply compliance documentation relevant to the work activity.
1.3. Obtain and confirm safety requirements from the site safety plan and organisational
policies and procedures, and apply to the allotted task.
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1.1 INTRODUCTION
Welcome to this unit, RIICRC203A Install Sub-Soil Drainage Systems. The information in this unit
applies to the civil construction industry and will cover:
Planning and preparing the area.
Setting out.
Excavating trenches.
Installing bedding materials.
Installing sub-soil drainage.
Cleaning up.
This information is aimed at people working within an operational
role.
Licensing, legislative and regulatory or certification requirements
may apply depending upon the location of the worksite.
You will need to identify for yourself any requirements that must
be met prior to starting on a worksite.
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1.2 COMPLIANCE DOCUMENTATION
Documentation is essential to all aspects of every
worksite.
From safety plans and environmental protection
requirements through to workplace procedures and
policies, documentation exists that outlines what to do,
when to do it and how it is to be done.
Compliance documentation is the name given to the
documents that require you to undertake tasks in a particular
way or to meet a given standard.
Every worksite will have specific requirements, which will be
outlined during your initial induction.
Staff should be notified of any changes to compliance documentation during toolbox meetings, staff
newsletters or other established forms of communication used on the site.
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1.2.1 TYPES OF COMPLIANCE DOCUMENTATION
Compliance documentation will detail every step in the process of
installing sub-soil drainage.
Some examples of compliance documentation include:
Legislative and regulatory requirements, e.g.
Occupational Health & Safety/Work Health & Safety
(OHS/WHS) requirements, equal employment
opportunity, disability discrimination. These
requirements are standard across every industry within
all Australian states or territories.
Australian Standards such as AS3798-2007 Guidelines
on earthworks for commercial and residential
developments.
Manufacturer’s guidelines and specifications, e.g. prestart checklists, service requirements, plant and
equipment operation manuals.
Organisational policies and procedures, e.g. Workplace
relations, sick leave requirements. An organisational
policy or procedure is standard across the entire
organisation regardless of where you are working.
Vehicle specifications, e.g. operating limitations and
capabilities, safe working limits.
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Site-specific policies and procedures e.g. emergency
procedures, evacuation procedures. These policies
and procedures have been developed to meet the
specific hazards, risks or environmental
considerations of the site you are working on.
Australian guidelines and specifications, e.g. codes
of practice such as WorkCover document 2000 –
Excavation work or Electrical Practices: Construction
and Demolition sites.
Training records, e.g. your own training record or
licensing requirements.
Work instructions, such as work plans, procedures or
job specifications. Operational details and quality
requirements will also include work instructions and
directions.
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1.2.1.1 PROJECT QUALITY REQUIREMENTS
All civil construction tasks and activities must meet project quality
requirements.
These are based on project plans and specifications, as well as
client expectations.
Project quality requirements will detail exactly what you are
expected to achieve and the standards you are expected to
reach.
They may include factors such as:
Dimensions and tolerances of tasks.
Material standards.
Work standards.
Documentation requirements.
Project specifications and drawings.
Client standards and expectations.
Pipe depth and slope.
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It is essential that these quality requirements are known,
understood and adhered to in all activities and tasks, including
installing sub-soil drainage.
To apply the requirements, you need to follow instructions and
procedures exactly.
Every task or activity relating to the installation of sub-soil drainage will have quality requirements for
activities such as:
Compaction.
Slope.
Levels.
Drainage.
Shape.
If any adjustments need to be made to the stated
requirements, you must discuss them with both your
supervisor and the project design engineer.
.
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1.2.2 INTERPRETING AND APPLYING INFORMATION
Being able to access, interpret and apply the requirements of
the documents is part of any job on a civil construction
worksite.
During your site induction you will be told how to access the
documentation relevant to your site and duties.
It is essential that you are able to read and accurately interpret
your workplace policies and procedures so that you can work
efficiently and safely, meeting organisational and client
expectations.
Take the time to read through all the relevant documentation.
Make notes about any points you aren’t clear about and then
clarify them later.
Read or listen to all instructions and follow them carefully. Check
the wording of any labels, codes or markings.
When interpreting documents it is vital that you understand the difference between words such as should,
consider and must.
If you have any difficulties interpreting and/or applying requirements or you don’t understand something,
speak to your supervisor or team leader. It is always better to ask than to go ahead and possibly disrupt
operations and/or cause a safety issue.
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1.2.3 WORKPLACE COMMUNICATION
On all worksites, good communication is essential to ensuring
the safety of personnel/workers and site visitors.
Effective communication means that everyone knows what
they are required to do, where and when they need to do it,
and how they need to do it correctly and safely.
It also ensures that all personnel/workers are aware of any
problems or risks that may arise on the site and the controls
measures that apply.
Workplace communication may involve procedures such
as:
Site meetings.
Toolbox meetings.
Team briefings.
Safe Work Method Statements.
Policies, procedures and manuals.
Notice boards.
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The communications equipment you might need to use could
include:
Two-way radios.
Mobile phones.
Landline phones.
Computers (e.g. for email, internet, intranet).
Fax machines.
Signage, hand signals and other non-verbal methods may also
be used in some situations, particularly noisy environments.
Always use all communications equipment appropriately,
following the required procedures and protocols.
These requirements will be found in the site documentation and
the operator’s manual for each item.
Remember that for effective communication to take place, both the speaker and listener need to be
properly engaged.
You need to make sure that the listener understands what you mean and can make the appropriate
response (e.g. answer your question) or take the required action (follow an instruction or direction).
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Sometimes talking alone may not be enough to
communicate your message clearly and you might come
across communication barriers in your workplace.
These barriers could include:
Having a non-English speaking background.
Using the wrong words.
Using jargon, slang or unfamiliar terminology.
Being dismissive or condescending.
1.2.3.1 CIVIL CONSTRUCTION TERMINOLOGY
The civil construction industry has language standards or
terminology that can vary between states, locations or
worksites.
Individual tasks and activities on a worksite may have a set of
terms or phrases with specific meanings.
Tools and equipment may be known by various names, and
jargon or local slang words could also be used occasionally.
It is essential that you are familiar with the terminology
used on your site and for specific tasks.
If you aren’t sure about the meaning of a particular term,
phrase or word you should seek further clarification at
team meetings or speak directly with your supervisor.
This is important when you are getting your work
instructions, carrying out your tasks or operating in any
situation where communication is taking place.
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1.3 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
Every worksite must meet safety requirements for the
state or territory where the site is located.
A worksite could include any vertical or horizontal
structure intended for construction.
Some safety requirements are site-specific, i.e. they may
relate to factors specific to the worksite such as weather,
ground and environmental conditions.
You will be advised of these before you start work. The requirements you need to obtain and confirm will
be outlined in the site safety plan and organisational policies and procedures.
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Some of these requirements could include:
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
Legislation and regulations, e.g. Occupational Health &
Safety/Work Health & Safety (OHS/WHS),
environmental protection, material safety data sheets.
Organisational requirements, e.g. policies and
procedures, safe work method statements/job safety
analyses, safe operating procedures.
Site requirements, e.g. project plans, safety plans,
environmental management plans.
Tools, plant and equipment.
Safe operating procedures.
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1.3.1 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY/WORK HEALTH &
SAFETY LEGISLATION
State or territory legislation and regulations include Occupational
Health & Safety/Work Health & Safety (OHS/WHS) requirements
that will affect the way all operations are conducted on a
worksite.
All requirements for site and equipment safety, including confined
space entry, excavation/trench work, materials handling and all
other work activities, are based on OHS/WHS legislation.
The aim of the legislation is to ensure the safety of everyone
working on or visiting the site.
1.3.1.1 HARMONISATION OF WORK HEALTH & SAFETY LEGISLATION
In response to industry calls for greater national consistency, the
Commonwealth, states and territories have agreed to implement
nationally harmonised Work Health & Safety (WHS) legislation to
commence on 1 January 2012.
While not all states and territories have actually implemented the
model WHS legislation as of the start of 2012, it is important to be
aware of these changes, as all states and territories will
eventually implement them.
Harmonisation aims to develop consistent, reasonable and effective safety standards and protections for
all Australian workers through uniform WHS laws, regulations and codes of practice.
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Key Elements Of The Work Health & Safety Legislation
The following key elements of the WHS legislation will impact the way you do your job, and the
responsibilities of your workplace:
The legislation also outlines requirements for:
The reporting requirements for notifiable incidents.
Licences, permits and registrations (e.g. for
persons engaged in high risk work or users of
certain plant or substances).
Provision for worker consultation, participation and
representation at the workplace.
Provision for the resolution of health and safety
issues.
Protection against discrimination.
Many specific details relating to WHS will be negotiated within the
workplace in accordance with the legislation.
It is important that you speak with your Health and Safety
Representative or supervisor for more information on how these
elements will effect your day-to-day operations, or if you have any
concerns relating to health and safety.
A list of common WHS terms and their definitions can be found in
Appendix 1A.
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Duty of Care
Everyone on a worksite has a legal responsibility under Duty
of Care to do everything reasonably practicable to protect
others from harm.
This is done by complying with safe work practices, including
activities that require licences, tickets or certificates of
competency or any other relevant state and territory
OHS/WHS requirements.
1.3.1.2 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS AND SAFE HANDLING METHODS
You will find further information that may relate to your work by
checking Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and applying
materials handling methods. These will detail:
Any risks and hazards associated with handling
chemicals or other materials.
Any special procedures and safe handling methods
required.
Risk controls.
Emergency procedures.
Hazardous material containers will usually have a placard or label attached showing the category of
material, codes for handling issues and a contact number for expert advice.
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Safe material handling could include using effective manual handling techniques such as:
Safety plans and site-specific documentation may include all or some of the above information, but
normally you will find it in the project and work instructions.
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1.3.2 SITE AND EQUIPMENT SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
All workers and visitors on a construction site must observe
site and equipment safety requirements and procedures.
These are outlined in the site safety plan and generally follow
OHS/WHS guidelines.
Site and equipment safety requirements and procedures cover
such things as:
Management of hazards and risks.
Selecting and using PPE and clothing required for
various tasks or the entire site.
Selecting and using tools, plant and equipment.
Emergency procedures, including the use of firefighting equipment and First Aid equipment.
Safety documentation including Safe Work Method
Statements, reporting and lines of authority.
Safe operating procedures, including safe parking
practices.
Anything that is faulty or looks like it could create a hazard must be reported at once to your supervisor,
team leader or OHS/WHS officer.
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1.3.2.1 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is the equipment you
must wear or use to protect yourself. Every worksite will have
PPE requirements.
For construction worksites these pieces of equipment will
need to be worn from the time you enter the site, for example,
high-visibility clothing and steel-capped boots.
Other pieces of PPE would need to be worn only when
specific activities are undertaken.
For example, hearing protection need only be worn when
conducting high noise activities.
Signs are usually placed in the workplace to indicate which
specific item of PPE is needed.
Common PPE includes:
Clothing – high-visibility, protective, full body
clothing, safety vests.
Head– hard hats, sun hats.
Hearing– ear muffs, ear plugs.
Face– face shield, respiratory protection, dust mask.
Hands and eyes – gloves and goggles.
Safety harnesses, seat belts.
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PPE must be maintained in good condition and replaced if it becomes damaged or defective.
PPE is the last line of defence for protecting you from workplace hazards and risks but will only be effective
if it is worn correctly and is adjusted to fit the individual.
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1.3.2.2 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
When working on a site, you will be using a variety of
equipment and tools.
Knowing how to use these safely is essential to keep you and
those around you from harm.
Read all documentation that applies to the tools and
equipment you are using.
Also make sure you are familiar with the common
problems associated with the equipment or tools and the
management of these problems.
Speaking with team members or team leaders who have
used the equipment before will help you identify any
potential issues or problems.
Use your PPE and the safety procedures for the site.
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1.3.2.3 SAFETY DOCUMENTATION
Common tasks and activities that relate to installing sub-soil drainage will have predetermined safety
documents. These include Safe Work Method Statements.
Safe Work Method Statements
A Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS), also known as a Safe
Work Procedure (SWP) or Job Safety Analysis (JSA), details how
specific hazards and risks, involved with installing sub-soil
drainage tasks, will be managed.
It is developed by the employer/PCBU for their
employees/workers or by a sub-contractor.
SWMS fulfil a number of objectives:
They outline a safe method of work for a specific job.
They provide an induction document that workers must
read and understand before starting the job.
They assist in meeting legal responsibilities for the risk
management process, hazard identification, risk
assessment and risk control.
They assist in effectively coordinating the work, the
materials required, the time required and the people
involved to achieve a safe and efficient outcome.
They are a quality assurance tool.
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To complete a SWMS:
It must also be available for inspection at any given time, and
be reviewed each year and amended if necessary.
An example of an SWMS form can be found in Appendix 1B.
Reporting
Any safety issue that you identify will need to be reported in
accordance with the worksite plans and procedures.
This could include a written, computer-generated or verbal
report and may be given to a safety officer, your supervisor or
a member of the management team.
Other reports may include hazard identification logs and
records.
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1.3.2.4 SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURES
Safe operating procedures (SOPs) – sometimes also known as standard operating procedures – are
written documents that are used to prevent incidents occurring when using machinery or equipment that
has a risk or hazard associated with it.
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SOPs for situations that you could come across in your work may include:
Situation:
Potential SOP details:
Site Traffic And Other Machine
Movement
Overhead Or Underground Services
Licensing, familiarisation, inductions, right of way rules.
‘Dial before you dig’ or ‘Look up and live’.
Traffic Control And Restricted
Access Barriers
Stay within the bounds of the traffic and vehicle movement
plans.
Working At Heights, In
Excavations/Trenches, Confined
Spaces, Or In Proximity To Others
Training, obtaining and abiding by permits, communication.
Damaged Or Defective Equipment
Tagging out, locking out, isolating equipment.
Worksite Personnel/Workers,
Visitors And The Public
Mandatory worksite inductions, barriers to isolation areas.
Environmental And Structural
Hazards
Environmental protection training, environmental isolations,
fencing, barriers.
Chemicals And Hazardous Materials
Specialised training, keep away and keep others away, notify
environmental officer.
Weather Conditions
Not working in conditions above or below a set temperature,
shorter work periods, more work breaks.
Restricted Access Areas
Training required to enter the zone, PPE requirements, work
instructions, emergency procedures.
Safe Parking Practices
Stay within the bounds of the traffic and vehicle movement
plans.
Often SOPs will contain a JSA, SWMS or MSDS as well.
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Safe Parking Practices
Part of the safety requirements and procedures that are common on any worksite working with machinery
is good parking procedures.
Commonly these procedures include:
Parking well clear of overhangs.
Keeping all access ways clear.
Parking well clear of refuelling locations and
sites.
Parking away from excavations or other possible
environmental hazards.
Ensuring vehicles are parked and secured from
unauthorised access or movement.
1.3.2.5 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
Emergency procedures relate to all activities on a worksite
and may include:
Extinguishing fires.
Emergency shutdown and stopping.
Organisational First Aid requirements.
Evacuation.
Emergency Shutdown Of Site Or Equipment
Use of emergency shutdown equipment on machinery and
site emergency shutdown must be done in accordance
with worksite requirements.
This could need to be done in the case of fire,
investigation, accident and incident.
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Use Of Fire Extinguishers
Fire-fighting equipment on site could range from small
hand held extinguishers through to large water cannons.
While water cannons are commonly used for dust
suppression, they can be turned into a fire-fighting unit if
necessary.
If a fire starts on site it is essential for the correct type of
extinguisher to be used for the type of fire.
Steps before using a fire extinguisher:
Evacuate the area.
Isolate the area.
Call emergency services or other designated on-site
procedure.
If it is safe to use an extinguisher to attempt to control the fire, use the PASS system:
Pull the pin.
Aim at the base of the fire.
Squeeze the trigger.
Sweep the base of the fire.
Notify your site emergency management team as soon as
possible after a fire has been identified and call the fire
brigade on 000.
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First Aid
First Aid is the initial care given to an injured or ill person.
Every site will have a first aid officer but you need to be ready
to undertake basic first aid treatment until help arrives.
Depending on the situation you may need to:
Suppress bleeding – press on the bleeding area with a
cloth and apply pressure.
Monitor an unconscious person – keep them safe, watch
for breathing, move them onto their side if you know
how to.
Treat heat stress – move person into the shade and give
small sips of fluid.
Assist a person with a broken bone – keep the person
calm until help arrives.
First aid is an important life skill. Undertaking a full first aid course
is highly recommended.
Evacuation
Involves the removal of at risk personnel/workers from a
dangerous area. Things to remember:
Keep calm.
Move away from the danger to a designated
evacuation point.
Do not allow bystanders entry to the area.
Call for emergency services.
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1.3.3 RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk management is the process of reducing or managing the
risks when working with a hazard or in a hazardous situation
and should take into consideration the context of the
organisation and worksite.
Risk management must be conducted in accordance with:
Legislative, organisation and site
requirements/procedures.
Australian Standards (AS/NZS ISO 31000:2009).
Codes of Practice.
Employment and workplace relations legislation.
Equal employment opportunity and disability legislation.
Risk management is made up of the following stages:
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1.3.3.1 CONSULTATION AND COMMUNICATING WITH OTHERS
Consultation and communicating with others should be
planned for and carried out at every stage of the risk
management process.
Identifying risks and hazards and coming up with ways of
controlling them includes talking to the people with
knowledge of the situation, or who are directly affected by
any action you may take.
Controlling a hazard can be a team effort and it’s important that everybody knows what they need to do
and how/if they need to change their work process to suit.
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1.3.3.2 RISK/HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Hazards that may be found on a worksite may include:
Installed services – underground or above-ground
power lines, telephone lines, gas pipes, cables.
Overhead structures and services.
People – site personnel/workers, non-inducted
personnel/workers, site visitors, others authorised or
unauthorised.
Weather conditions – storms, heat, floods, fires, gas
leaks, humidity.
Structural hazards – fences, facilities, buildings, other
structures or obstructions, poles, traffic areas, work
zones, out of area zones, access points bridges,
through traffic bridges, buildings.
Hazardous materials and substances.
Traffic conditions.
Working at heights or in confined spaces.
Damaged or defective equipment – could include
pressurised hoses and fastenings, non-pressurised
hoses, ancillary machinery equipment, vandalised
equipment.
Equipment in use or unattended – vehicles,
conveyors, plant, overhead structures and services,
abandoned equipment.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module One – Plan And Prepare
Page 34
Chemical hazards – fuel, chemicals,
contaminants, gases, dusts, hazardous
substances or materials.
Environmental hazards – adjoining walls,
structures, unstable or uneven terrain, holes and
pot holes, excavations, trenches both open and
recently filled, cuttings, embankments, overhanging rocks, trees, dust and noise, unstable
faces or areas.
Manual handling issues.
Material hazards – dangerous materials or other
material hazards could include the danger from the
hazard but also the manual handling issues around
materials.
1.3.3.3 RISK/HAZARD ASSESSMENT
A risk assessment involves completing a risk analysis and a risk evaluation.
By assessing the likelihood and consequence of the risk, you are able to understand the situation better
and respond in an appropriate way.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module One – Plan And Prepare
Page 35
1.3.3.4 RISK/HAZARD TREATMENT
Once risks have been identified, analysed and evaluated, risk
treatment options need to be considered and applied.
Risk treatment involves selecting one or more options to
modify a risk and then implementing the selected option/s.
1.3.3.5 MONITORING AND REVIEW
Monitoring and review are an important part of the risk
management process and should be planned for at every stage.
Monitoring and review involves regular surveillance and checking,
and responsibilities concerning it should be clearly defined.
It is important that monitoring and review results are recorded
and reported according to organisational policies and procedures.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module One – Plan And Prepare
Page 36
1.3.3.6 REPORTING AND RECORD KEEPING
Make sure you record any action you’ve taken and talk to your
supervisor and OHS/WHS officer about the control strategies in
place.
Reports and records could include:
Risk Assessment Reports.
Incident Reports.
Job Safety Analysis.
Safe Work Method Statements.
Keeping records is important as they can help ensure that any risk management activities are traceable.
Records also provide a basis for improving methods and tools in the risk management process, as well as
improving the overall process.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module One – Plan And Prepare
Page 37
APPENDIX 1A – WORK HEALTH & SAFETY
COMMON TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Person
Conducting a
Business or
Undertaking
(PCBU)
A ‘person conducting a business or undertaking’ (PCBU) replaces the term ‘employer’. A
PCBU includes all employers, sole traders, principal contractors, unincorporated
associations, partnerships and franchisees. Volunteer organisations that also employ
people will be PCBUs.
A PCBU’s primary duty of care is to ensure the health and safety of everyone in the
workplace, so far as is reasonably practicable.
Officers
An ‘Officer’ is a person who makes, or participates in making, decisions that affect the
whole or a substantial part of a corporation. This includes Health and Safety
Representatives (HSR).
Workers
‘Worker’ replaces the term ‘employee’. It is defined broadly to mean a person who carries
out work in any capacity for a PCBU.
A ‘worker’ covers employees, contractors, sub-contractors (and their employees), labour
hire employees, outworkers, apprentices, trainees, work experience students and
volunteers.
Reasonably
Practicable
Reasonably Practicable is defined as action that is, or was at a particular time,
reasonably able to be done to help ensure health and safety based on the following
factors:
a) Chances of the hazard or risk occurring (likelihood).
b) The degree of harm (consequence).
c) The knowledge of persons involved in the situation relating to the hazard or risk
and methods of eliminating or controlling it.
d) The availability and suitability of ways to eliminate or control the hazard or risk.
e) The costs involved in taking action to eliminate or control the hazard or risk
including consideration of whether the cost involved is inconsistent to the level of
risk.
Due
Diligence
The Work Health and Safety Act 2011 (the WHS Act 2011) imposes a specific duty on
officers of corporations to exercise due diligence to ensure that the corporation meets its
work health and safety obligations. In short, they have a responsibility to ensure that the
PCBU is doing everything it should to ensure health and safety.
The duty requires officers to be proactive in ensuring that the corporation complies with
its duty.
Due diligence may be demonstrated through the following courses of action:
1. Acquiring knowledge of health and safety issues.
2. Understanding operations and associated hazards and risks.
3. Ensuring that appropriate resources and processes are used to eliminate or
minimise risks to health and safety.
4. Implementing processes for receiving and responding to information about
incidents, hazards and risks.
5. Establishing and maintaining compliance processes.
6. Verifying the provision and use of the resources mentioned in 1-5.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module One – Plan And Prepare
Page 38
APPENDIX 1B – SAFE WORK METHOD
STATEMENT
SWMS Name:
SWMS Created By:
SWMS Summary:
Date of Creation:
Last Reviewed Date:
Company/Contractor Details:
Project Details:
Name:
Client:
ABN:
Contact Name:
Address:
Site Address:
Contact Number:
Contact Number:
Email:
Start Date:
How to complete this SWMS:
1. CONSULT: Consult with all persons who will be involved in the completion of the work.
2. LIST: List each of the steps in the task work being done.
3. IDENTIFY: Describe the health and safety hazards and risks arising from each step in the work.
4. RISK ASSESSMENT: Review the level of risk associated with each hazard listed.
5. CONTROL: Describe how the risks will be controlled, and describe what hazard control measures will
be put in place.
6. RESPONSIBILITY: Allocate a person to be responsible for the hazard control measure.
7. REVIEW: Review the effectiveness of the control measures and apply further hazard control
measures as required.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module One – Plan And Prepare
Page 39
Training/Qualifications Required To Carry Out
Work:
PPE Required To Carry Out Work:
Are All Workers Adequately Trained And Qualified?
Yes / No
Legislation, Australian Standards & Codes Of
Practice Relevant To Work (Where Applicable):
Equipment Required To Carry Out Work:
Environmental Statement:
Safety Checks Required Prior To Commencement
Of Work:
Coordination With Other Trades:
Permits Required For Commencement Of Work:
Have These Permits Been Acquired?
Yes / No
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module One – Plan And Prepare
Page 40
Risk Analysis Matrix
Use this table to determine the level of risk associated with an identified hazard.
CONSEQUENCE
LIKELIHOOD
Almost Certain
Likely
Possible
Unlikely
Rare
RISK LEVEL
VERY HIGH
HIGH
MEDIUM
LOW
Insignificant
Minor
First Aid
Required
Moderate
Medical
Attention and
Time Off Work
Major
Long Term
Illness or
Serious Injury
Severe
Kill or Cause
Permanent
Disability or
Illness
M
M
L
L
L
H
M
M
L
L
H
H
H
M
M
VH
H
H
M
M
VH
VH
VH
H
M
ACTION
Act immediately:
The proposed task or process activity must not proceed. Steps must be taken to lower
the risk level to as low as reasonably practicable using the hierarchy of risk controls.
Act today:
The proposed activity can only proceed, provided that:
1. The risk level has been reduced to as low as reasonably practicable using
the hierarchy of risk controls.
2. The risk controls must include those identified in legislation, Australian
Standards, Codes of Practice etc.
3. The risk assessment has been reviewed and approved by the Supervisor.
4. A Safe Working Procedure or Safe Work Method has been prepared.
5. The supervisor must review and document the effectiveness of the
implemented risk controls.
Act this week:
The proposed task or process can proceed, provided that:
1. The risk level has been reduced to as low as reasonably practicable using
the hierarchy of risk controls.
2. The risk assessment has been reviewed and approved by the Supervisor.
3. A Safe Working Procedure or Safe Work Method has been prepared.
Act this month:
Managed by local documented routine procedures, which must include application of
the hierarchy of controls.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module One – Plan And Prepare
Page 41
Safe Work Method Statement
Work Step
Associated/Identified
Hazards
Work your way through each step
in the work process, giving a brief
description of what is required at
each stage.
What hazards can be identified for
this step?
Risk
Level
(L, M,
H, VH)
What is
the risk
level?
Hazard Controls
Revised
Risk
Level
(L, M, H,
VH)
Person
Responsible
What hazards controls will be put
into place to deal with the identified
hazards for this step?
Has the
risk been
reduced?
Who is responsible
for carrying out the
work and maintaining
the hazard controls?
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module One – Plan And Prepare
Page 42
Work Step
Associated/Identified
Hazards
Risk
Level
(L, M,
H, VH)
Hazard Controls
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module One – Plan And Prepare
Page 43
Revised
Risk
Level
(L, M, H,
VH)
Person
Responsible
Personnel/Worker Signoff
All personnel/workers required to carry out this task need to be listed below.
By signing this SWMS, each person declares that they have carefully read the SWMS and that they
understand their responsibilities and requirements to complete the work.
Name (please print)
Position / Qualification
Signature
Date
Senior Management Signoff
Does this SWMS meet the necessary safety requirements?
Does this SWMS require review?
Yes / No
Yes / No
Review Date:
Additional Comments:
Name:
Position:
Signature:
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module One – Plan And Prepare
Page 44
Date:
RIICRC203A
INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
LEARNER GUIDE
Module Three – Prepare, Install And Connect
Sub-Soil Drainage Systems
THE CUNNING FAMILY TRUST AND THE PEACHEY FAMILY TRUST TRADING AS SAFE WORK RESOURCES PTY LTD ABN 90 785 129 255
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RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module Three– Prepare, Install And Connect Sub-Soil Drainage Systems
Page 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Review Log ..................................................................................................................................... 4!
Module Basis .................................................................................................................................. 4!
3.1 Select And Check Tools And Equipment .............................................................................. 5!
3.1.1 Common Tools And Equipment ............................................................................................................ 5!
3.1.2 Selecting And Using Tools And Equipment ........................................................................................... 6!
3.1.3 Reporting Faults And Defects ............................................................................................................... 7!
3.2 Set Out And Excavate Trenches ............................................................................................. 8!
3.2.1 Setting Out The Location ....................................................................................................................... 9!
3.2.2 Marking Up .......................................................................................................................................... 10!
3.2.3 Communicating With Plant Operators ................................................................................................. 11!
3.2.4 Check Trenches .................................................................................................................................. 13!
3.3 Lay Bedding Material ............................................................................................................. 15!
3.3.1 Determining The Bedding Material ...................................................................................................... 16!
3.3.2 Lay Bedding Materials ......................................................................................................................... 17!
3.3.3 Place Geo-Textile Fabrics ................................................................................................................... 18!
3.4 Prepare Drain Sections ......................................................................................................... 19!
3.5 Lay Sub-Soil Drain ................................................................................................................. 20!
3.5.1 Fitting Inspection Openings And Flush Out Points .............................................................................. 21!
3.6 Connecting Sub-Soil Systems .............................................................................................. 23!
3.6.1 Concrete And Concreting .................................................................................................................... 26!
3.7 Install Packing ........................................................................................................................ 27!
3.8 Backfilling ............................................................................................................................... 28!
3.9 Clear Work Area And Store Materials And Equipment ....................................................... 30!
3.9.1 Clearing The Work Area ...................................................................................................................... 31!
3.9.1.1 Disposal Or Recycling Of Materials ............................................................................................. 32!
3.9.2 Cleaning And Storing Plant, Tools And Equipment ............................................................................. 33!
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module Three– Prepare, Install And Connect Sub-Soil Drainage Systems
Page 3
REVIEW LOG
Version Number
Date Updated
Details of Updates
Version 4H
Released
August, 2013
MODULE BASIS
This module is based on the unit of competency RIICRC203A Install Sub-Soil Drainage:
Element 1 – Plan and prepare.
Element 2 – Set out and
excavate trenches.
Element 3 – Install bedding
materials.
Element 4 – Install sub-soil
drainage.
Element 5 – Clean up.
1.5 Select plant, tools and equipment to carry out tasks consistent with the
requirements of the job, check for serviceability and rectify or report any faults
2.1. Check trench depths and grades to ensure conformity with plans and
specifications.
2.2. Set out and clearly mark trench location.
2.3. Communicate with plant operator to ensure correct excavation of trenches,
placement of shoring and battering.
3.1. Determine bedding material type and depth from plans and specifications.
3.2. Lay bedding materials to specified depths and grades.
4.1. Place geo-textile according to specifications.
4.2. Prepare drain sections and fittings.
4.3. Lay subsoil drain.
4.4. Provide inspection opening and flush out points according to plans.
4.5. Fit out and/or connect end structures/outlets/clean outs to culverts, storm water or
subsoil drain systems.
4.6. Install packing and prepare system for backfilling.
4.7. Monitor backfill procedure to ensure work completed to specification.
5.1. Clear work area and recycle or dispose of materials in accordance with project
environmental management plan.
5.2. Clean, check, maintain and store plant, tools and equipment.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module Three– Prepare, Install And Connect Sub-Soil Drainage Systems
Page 4
3.1 SELECT AND CHECK TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
Before you can install any sub-soil drainage you need to ensure you have the correct tools and other
equipment. Each item needs to be checked to ensure it is appropriate for the task and is in good condition.
3.1.1 COMMON TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
Tools and equipment that you might use during your activities may include:
Tape measures.
Cutting knives.
Levelling equipment.
Shovels.
Hand saws.
Appropriate PPE.
Crow bars.
Hammers.
Trowels.
Formwork.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module Three– Prepare, Install And Connect Sub-Soil Drainage Systems
Page 5
3.1.2 SELECTING AND USING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
When selecting tools and equipment you will need to consider
the types and styles available as well as types of materials
you will be working with.
It is essential to choose the correct tool or piece of equipment
for the task you are going to undertake. Using the wrong tools
will make the job slower, harder and less safe.
To ensure you have selected the correct item, you will need to
check the task requirements, specifications and goals.
You should also speak with your team leader or supervisor if
you are unsure about what tools or pieces of equipment to
choose.
Always make sure you are aware of the equipment types,
characteristics, technical capabilities and limitations for each
tools or piece of equipment you are using.
This will allow you to select the most appropriate option for
the task you are undertaking.
The details of characteristics, capabilities and limitations will
be included in the operator’s manual for each item.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module Three– Prepare, Install And Connect Sub-Soil Drainage Systems
Page 6
3.1.3 REPORTING FAULTS AND DEFECTS
If you find anything wrong with any of the equipment, hand
tools, machinery or vehicles you are going to use, you must
report the fault or defect to your supervisor.
This means the fault can be recorded and the equipment tagged
or locked out until repaired, or the repairs can be organised.
Equipment that is faulty should be moved to an isolation area.
It should also be tagged with an appropriate ‘out of service’
symbol that meets the needs of the workplace.
This will ensure that faulty items cannot be used and therefore
won’t cause an accident or injury to other personnel/workers.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module Three– Prepare, Install And Connect Sub-Soil Drainage Systems
Page 7
3.2 SET OUT AND EXCAVATE TRENCHES
After confirming the requirements from the project drawings you are then able to set out and mark-up the
location of the excavation/trench.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module Three– Prepare, Install And Connect Sub-Soil Drainage Systems
Page 8
3.2.1 SETTING OUT THE LOCATION
While project plans and survey information will usually
be accurate, in setting out the location of the trench
you need to be aware of site-specific issues such as:
Changed conditions affecting the set up.
Adequate area between operating plant and
the excavation.
Adequate room for slopes to be constructed
beside the trench.
Dumping areas for excavated material are
properly sited (take note of the slope of piles
depending on the type of material being
excavated).
Traffic is directed well away from where workers
will be in the trench.
Location of supplies for shoring or other
protective measures.
Approach ramps (for plant) and proper trench
entry areas are planned and marked for set up.
Ensure you set out your work correctly and where needed, report to your supervisor or the engineer on any
issues you find.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module Three– Prepare, Install And Connect Sub-Soil Drainage Systems
Page 9
3.2.2 MARKING UP
Mark-up should be done according to the work plans.
Markings should be clear and able to remain in place for
the duration of the work.
Barriers, fencing and signage should be in place to
prevent the excavation area being used for other
purposes.
Marking of trench locations can be done through:
Areas limited to traffic or plant because of safety requirements must be specifically marked to prevent
increased risk to workers.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module Three– Prepare, Install And Connect Sub-Soil Drainage Systems
Page 10
3.2.3 COMMUNICATING WITH PLANT OPERATORS
It is important that you communicate with the plant operator who is actually excavating the trench. You
need to make sure they have a complete understanding of their task and are aware of the excavation
requirements, as follows:
Excavation requirements include:
Depth of the trench– this is normally 600mm plus the depth of the required bedding materials but this can
vary depending upon local requirements.
Width of the trench–The trench should be 1.5 times the external pipe diameter. This can vary depending
upon your local council and the materials the pipe is made from. The type of subsoil pipe may also be a
determining factor.
Trench allowance for bedding and support materials. Some councils do not require bedding materials in
earth bottomed trenches but always check.
Slope or grade of the trench– This is essential for achieving correct gravity feed of water.
Location of any other services either underground or overhead.
Position of the trench– This can be determined by GPS and survey readings. Some trenching equipment is
controlled by GPS readings but you should never rely on these. Always double check the end result.
Make sure the plant operator is aware of layout information
such as where material is to go when excavated and where
the traffic lanes are.
You should also inform them about schedules, the
requirements for breaks and any site-specific safety issues.
After the trenching is completed you will need to ensure the
specified shoring and battering has been completed. This
process of shoring and battering is used to ensure the trench
does not collapse.
The requirements for shoring and battering will vary depending
upon the nature of the sub-soil drainage system and the
environmental conditions.
For example trenching in sandy soils requires different shoring
and battering methods than shoring in clay based soils.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module Three– Prepare, Install And Connect Sub-Soil Drainage Systems
Page 11
Always double check your specification and work plans for shoring and battering. These plans will have
been developed with the local environmental conditions and available equipment in mind.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module Three– Prepare, Install And Connect Sub-Soil Drainage Systems
Page 12
3.2.4 CHECK TRENCHES
Regular inspection of the work must be performed to ensure
everything is proceeding in line with project and job
requirements.
You need to regularly check the trench depths and slope as
well as the grade or fall.
This is because soil factors such as the following can change
during the work:
Changes in soil type below the surface can affect work
conditions.
Extra shoring may be needed for wet ground.
Looser than expected soil may require a changed batter
slope.
Cracks in the surface or walls of the trench may
develop, indicating weakness or slippage planes.
Seepage may indicate liquid reservoirs that will impact
trench stability.
The condition of the trench walls is of utmost importance in
reducing or controlling risk to workers entering the trench.
Trenches must not be entered by workers until after an
inspection is done and the section is approved.
Inspections need to be done regularly and especially after
rain. Any signs of weakness in the soil structure must be
reported and examined, to determine any possible impact on
the safety of the work.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module Three– Prepare, Install And Connect Sub-Soil Drainage Systems
Page 13
Any faults or slippage lines must be checked by qualified personnel/workers as soon as they are found.
Slippage or trench collapse can occur very quickly and without warning. Workers must not be put in
danger.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module Three– Prepare, Install And Connect Sub-Soil Drainage Systems
Page 14
3.3 LAY BEDDING MATERIAL
Once the trench is prepared, you need to determine the type and specification of the bedding materials to
be laid.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module Three– Prepare, Install And Connect Sub-Soil Drainage Systems
Page 15
3.3.1 DETERMINING THE BEDDING MATERIAL
Bedding materials could include sand or aggregate and will be
identified in the specifications and plans for the sub-soil
drainage you are installing.
It is essential you correctly identify the required bedding
material to ensure you are laying the right materials.
Incorrect materials could compromise the long term integrity
of the drainage system by wearing holes in the pipes.
Once you have identified the type of bedding materials from
the specifications, you will need to identify the amount or
depth of the materials.
This is the depth of materials as measured from the base of
the trench.
The larger the pipes or components for the sub-soil drainage
system the thicker the layer of bedding materials will be.
Once you have identified the depth of the bedding materials
you will be able to mark this depth on the trench and start
laying the bedding materials in the trench.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module Three– Prepare, Install And Connect Sub-Soil Drainage Systems
Page 16
3.3.2 LAY BEDDING MATERIALS
Once you have identified the bedding materials, you will place
them in the trench.
Always ensure you maintain the correct grade and depth of
materials.
Bedding materials that do not maintain the correct grade will
cause the pipes in the sub-soil drainage system to hold water
rather than move water away from the site.
The depth of materials may change for different
sections of the trench, depending upon the components
for the system.
Once you have finished laying the bedding materials,
always check to ensure the materials meet the
specifications and requirements.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module Three– Prepare, Install And Connect Sub-Soil Drainage Systems
Page 17
3.3.3 PLACE GEO-TEXTILE FABRICS
Geo-textile fabrics are placed in the drains to help keep
debris and foreign materials out of the pipes. How it is
placed will be determined by:
Type and size of the pipes being installed.
Manufacturer’s specifications and directions.
Site conditions.
There are two main methods of laying geo-textile fabrics.
The first method is to loosely wrap the fabric around the pipe or
slip a fabric sock over the pipe.
The pipe is then laid as normal.
For the second method, the trench is dug and lined with geotextile fabric, with a large overhang. The bedding materials
are placed in the trench with care being taken to keep a good
overhang of fabric.
The pipes are then placed in the trench with packing
materials used to keep the pipe in the appropriate location.
Before the trench is backfilled the overhang pieces of
materials are folded over the packing materials. The trench is
then backfilled and compacted according to plans and
specifications.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module Three– Prepare, Install And Connect Sub-Soil Drainage Systems
Page 18
3.4 PREPARE DRAIN SECTIONS
Before the drain sections and fittings can be laid down, they need to be prepared. This preparation process
could include:
Pipe preparation is determined by the type of system being installed. Always refer to the specifications and
directions for the task to ensure you are undertaking the correct actions at the appropriate location and
time.
RIICRC203A – INSTALL SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE
Module Three– Prepare, Install And Connect Sub-Soil Drainage Systems
Page 19
3.5 LAY SUB-SOIL DRAIN
Once all preparations have been completed, it is time to lay
the drain in the prepared bed.
This is done by lowering and placing the pipes in the trench.
Lowering and placing the pipes into the correct position
requires you to use the appropriate slings or other lifting
equipment and the most appropriate lifting plant.
You may also be required to lay the pipes in a particular order or
manner depending upon the specification and the manufacturer’s
requirements for the pipes.
When using lifting slings and other equipment you need to check
the equipment is rated for the load you are lifting and lowering.
Equipment should also be checked by a qualified person to
ensure the safety and security of the equipment.
Each piece of the equipment should be inspected before use and
at the end of the day to check for damage.
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3.5.1 FITTING INSPECTION OPENINGS AND FLUSH OUT POINTS
Inspection openings are placed regularly along the sub-soil
drainage system.
This is to allow for easy inspection of the pipes when empty or
to ensure the water is moving away correctly when they are
full.
Inspection points or openings can also be used to clear
debris, dirt and silt from the pipes during dry times to avoid
the pipes backing up during run off events. These points are
called flush out points.
How these inspection points are fitted will vary depending
upon the size of the system, the materials the system is
constructed of and the design specifications and drawings.
When fitting inspection points, pits or other structures, you
must ensure:
Correct size of inspection point. This will be
determined by local council guidelines and the
design specifications.
Correct jointing of the inspection point into the pipe
system.
Specifications are met.
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Inspection points and fittings must be located at exactly the correct place. If for any reason, you cannot
place the inspection point exactly where it should go, you will need to speak with your supervisor.
Your supervisor will then need to consult with the system designer or engineer before approval can be
given to relocate the inspection point or fitting.
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3.6 CONNECTING SUB-SOIL SYSTEMS
Once the sub-soil drainage system is in place, you need to ensure you connect all fittings correctly.
These fittings could include:
End structures.
Outlets.
Clean outs.
Culverts.
Other components as determined by the
specifications.
Before installing fittings, you need to identify what joining
system or products need to be used.
These will be listed in the manufacturer’s specifications and
the task specifications.
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How pipes, joints and structures are joined will depend upon the task and manufacturer’s specifications.
Pipe joints will vary depending upon the materials used to make the pipes.
Some of the different methods of joining pipes could include:
Different methods of joining pipes may include:
Rubber Rings
These come in two types: a rolling ring (dry) and a skid ring (lubricated).
Used with a range of pipe materials, including PVC and concrete.
Sleeve Connections
An external connection method, usually involving a rubber sleeve and a steel
jacket to secure the connection.
Solvents And Glues
Are applied to the join. Used with PVC and UPVC pipes.
Solvent Welded
Some products are welded together using a combination of heat and solvent.
These joints are more secure and stable than a simple solvent or glue joint.
Snap Together Fittings
These are pieces that are attached to the pipes and then ‘snapped together’
for a secure join. These make the process of joining structures and pieces
simple and quick.
Mechanically Jointed
How this jointing is done will depend upon the piping materials being used.
One common form of jointing used with stormwater and sub-soil drainage
drains is a sand band. This is where a large elastic band like piece of
material is placed over one end of the pipe. The next piece of pipe is then
pushed up against the first and the band is folded down to cover both
sections of the pipe. This band is then covered in sealant, slurry or concrete
as detailed in the specification.
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When joining pipes you must ensure the joint is secure so
that no fluids can leak of out of the pipes.
For some jobs, GPS or marker systems can be used to
identify where joints should be located.
This enables the joints to be easily located in the future.
Always check the specifications and plans to determine these
requirements.
It is vital to the efficient use of the sub-soil drainage system
that all components are fitted according to the specifications.
The specifications will be determined by the type of subsoil drainage system being installed and the
environmental conditions on the site. A sub-soil drainage
system may include:
Strip filter drains and perforated pipes with or
without geo-textile fabric.
Granular materials enclosed in geo-textile fabric.
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3.6.1 CONCRETE AND CONCRETING
Sometimes it is necessary to use concrete to join structures into place, including:
You must use the correct concreting mix to ensure you
achieve the desired results.
Concreting may be used for:
Repairs to existing structures.
Grouting or joining of sections and segments.
Rendering of areas.
Concrete and concreting should only be undertaken when
required by the specifications. By concreting areas not
specified you could obstruct the flow of water into the sub-soil
drainage system.
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3.7 INSTALL PACKING
Once the system is in place, it is necessary for you to install
the packing materials, which are used to keep the pipes in
place.
Packing materials will need to be placed carefully to ensure
they do not move the pipes or other components of the subsoil drainage system.
The amount of packing materials you will require will be
detailed by your specifications and task requirements.
Commonly the materials used for packing will be the same
materials used for bedding the pipes.
Once the packing materials are in place you will need to
prepare the system for backfilling.
Preparation for backfilling will be determined by the needs
of the tasks and activities.
All activities will be outlined in your worksite procedures
and processes.
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3.8 BACKFILLING
Backfilling is the process of filling in the trench that
contains the pipes.
When backfilling you must ensure the procedure
outlined in the specification is used. This procedure will
detail what:
Materials that should be used.
Compaction levels that must be met.
Any clean up requirements, often things such
as revegetation.
Normally backfilling is done with the materials that were
excavated from the trench.
This is done to keep all materials within the site and to return
the site to as close to normal condition as possible.
Occasionally materials excavated from the trench are not suitable to be used for backfilling of trenches.
This could be for many reasons such as the material being:
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If the materials are unsuitable you will need to source more suitable materials. The list of materials that
could be considered suitable will be contained within the specification and the local council requirements.
These requirements must be met. If you are unsure of the quality of the materials, speak with a supervisor
or local council officer for additional guidance.
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3.9 CLEAR WORK AREA AND STORE MATERIALS
AND EQUIPMENT
Once your tasks are completed, you need to clear the work area and make sure that all tools and
equipment are cleaned, checked, maintained and stored.
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3.9.1 CLEARING THE WORK AREA
Good housekeeping is necessary to control hazards and risks on
the worksite, but it also promotes good work practices, pride and
ownership of the job. It is your responsibility to clean up after your
work activities.
Worksite requirements for clearing the work area and disposing
or recycling materials will be outlined in the project environmental
management plan, quality requirements and/or site-specific
procedures.
Clean-up procedures may include:
Cleaning up and using the bins provided to
dispose of rubbish from workers, e.g. food and
scraps.
Removing any potential hazards. Duty of care
towards others means not leaving a possible
source of accident or danger for other people.
Preparing any equipment or materials for
transport away from the site.
Making sure you use appropriate Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) when dealing with waste or possible
hazardous materials as you clean.
Disposing of materials or recycling them (where
possible) in line with the site Environmental
Management Plans or Waste Disposal Plans.
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3.9.1.1 DISPOSAL OR RECYCLING OF MATERIALS
Common waste materials that may be found in your work
area could include:
Geo-textile fabric.
Marking materials.
Strip filter drains.
Perforated pipes.
Pipe jointing materials.
Backfill and bedding materials.
Marker post.
Stones.
Concrete.
Other materials used onsite.
Each of these will need to be managed in accordance with the
project environmental management plans and the site waste
management plans.
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3.9.2 CLEANING AND STORING PLANT, TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
After using plant, tools and equipment, it is important to
ensure they are:
Cleaned – to remove all dirt, mud moisture or other
contaminants, in accordance with manufacturer’s
specifications.
Checked for any damage – if anything is wrong,
report it; then, if possible, carry out any repairs.
Maintained in line with manufacturer’s
recommendations or your worksite
procedures/standard work practices.
Stored correctly in the appropriate location. Most
equipment, plant and tools will have designated
storage instructions to ensure the items are kept free
from damage and can be easily found the next time
they are needed.
The site procedures and manufacturer’s guidelines for
cleaning, maintenance and storage should be followed
regardless of the type of plant, equipment and tools being
used.
Keeping them in the best possible condition prolongs their
working life and ensures they are safe to use.
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