Introduction and
Evolution of Management
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When /in which era
management was started in
the world?
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EVOLUTION OF
MANAGAEMENT THOUGHT
Different Approaches of Management
1.Classical approach
Scientific Management approach
Administrative Management
Bureaucracy
2.Behavioral approach
3.Quantitative/Management science approach
4.Systems approach
5.Contingency approach
6.Modern/Culture based approaches
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Scientific Management
Principles
 Development
of a science for each element of an
individual work.
Scientific selection and development of employees.
Integrate the science of work and employees to do all
the work according to the principle.
Co-operation between management and workers
through dividing the responsibilities equally to match
their back ground.
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General Administrative
Management
The 14 Principles of management.
1.Division of work-Specialization increases output by
making employees more efficient.
2.Authority- Authority gives the right to the managers
to give orders and make decisions.
3.Discipline-Employees must obey and respect the
rules that govern the organization
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Cont4.Unity of command- Every employee should receive orders from
only one superior.
5.Unity of direction-The organization should have a single plan to
guide the managers and workers under one superior.
6.Subordination of individual interests to the general interest.The priority should be given to the interests of the organization as
a whole than the individual or group interests.
7.Remuneration-employees must be paid reasonably for their
commitments.
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Cont8.Centralization- Degree of involvement for decision
making by managers and subordinates.
9.Scalar chain/Hierarchy- The flow of authority from top to
bottom based on the hierarchical positions.
10.Order- People and the materials should be at the right
place at the right time.
11.Equity- Managers should be kind and fair to their
subordinates.
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Cont12.Stability of tenure of personnel- Retaining the
employees for a long time and HR plans to fill the
vacancies.
13.Initiative- Autonomy for new ideas and plans even
under minor issues.
14.Esprit de corps- Promoting team spirit will build
harmony and unity within the organization.
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Bureaucracy
Characteristics of Weber’s ideal bureaucracy
1.Division of labor- Jobs broken down into simple,
routine and well-defined tasks.
2.Authority hierarchy- Positions organized in a
hierarchy with a clear chain of command.
3.Formal selection- People selected for jobs based on
merit.
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Cont4.Formal rules and regulations-System of
written rules and standard operating system
5.Impersonality- Uniform application of rules
and controls, not according to personalities
6.Career orientation- Managers are career
professionals, not owners of units they
manage…
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