WOLGARSTON HIGH SCHOOL
Study Pack 1 Autumn 2014
Subject - AS Psychology
AQAB Specification
Name:
Date of Key Assessment: October 2014
Teacher: Mrs Sexty
Date to be handed in:
PSYb1
Approaches in Psychology
Contents:
Assessment:
Code
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
PSYB1a
PSYB1b
PSYB1c
PSYB1d
PSYB1e
PSYB1f
PSYB1g
PSYB1h
PSYB1i
PSYB1j
PSYB1k
PSYB1l
PSYB1m
PSYB1n
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
The Behaviourist Approach - Key Terms Glossary
The Behaviourist Approach – Questions
The Social Learning Theory – Key Terms Glossary
The Social Learning Theory – Questions
The Cognitive Approach - Key Terms Glossary
The Cognitive Approach - Questions
The Psychodynamic Approach – Key Terms
Glossary
The psychodynamic Approach – Questions
The Humanistic approach – Key Terms Glossary
The Humanistic Approach – Questions
The Biological Approach – Key Terms Glossary
The Biological Approach – Questions
Bopsychology Workbook
Revision for end of topic test
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Self-assessed
Teacher-assessed
Self-assessed
Teacher-assessed
Self-assessed
Teacher assessed
Self-assessed
Teacher-assessed
Self -assessed
Teacher-assessed
Self-assessed
Teacher-assessed
Self-assessed
Self-assesssed
Success Criteria
This is your first homework booklet for PSYB1 Psychology. This booklet includes homework on key
approaches in psychology and Biopsychology.
When you are completing homework, refer to the information below to check you are meeting the
expected criteria.
Criteria from the AQAB specification
Upon completion of this unit students should know:
1. The basic assumptions/distinguishing features of the following approaches: biological;
behaviourist; social learning theory; cognitive; psychodynamic and humanistic.
2. The research methods used within each approach.
• Biological: the influence of genes; genotype and phenotype; biological structures; the
3.
evolution of behaviour.
4. Behaviourist: classical conditioning; operant conditioning.
5. Social Learning Theory: modelling; mediating cognitive factors.
6. Cognitive: the study of internal mental processes and the use of models to explain these
processes.
7. Psychodynamic: the role of the unconscious; psychosexual stages; the structure of
personality; defence mechanisms.
8. Humanistic: free will; concepts of self and self-actualisation; conditions of worth.
9. The strengths and limitations of each approach.
10. The strengths and limitations of research methods used within each approach.
Useful Resources
Websites
http://www.simplypsychology.org/
http://aqabpsychology.co.uk/
http://www.psychlotron.org.uk/index.html
Textbooks
Refer to your class textbook to help you complete the tasks
There are other psychology textbooks in P02
Other
Copies of the ‘Psychology Review’ are available in P02 for reference purposes.
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Behaviourist Approach – Private Study
PSYB1a - Make a glossary of the following key terms for the Behaviourist Approach:
Classical Conditioning
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Neutral stimulus (NS)
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
Stimulus generalisation
Operant Conditioning
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Punishment
Primary reinforcer
Secondary reinforcer
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
Variable schedules of reinforcement
Examination Style Questions – PSYB1b
Answer all of the short questions 1-6
1. Describe one assumption of the behaviourist approach in psychology. (3 marks)
2. What is meant by classical conditioning? (1 mark)
3. Briefly outline how researchers, such as Pavlov, have investigated classical conditioning. (2 marks)
4. What do behaviourists mean by the term operant conditioning? Give an example of how operant
conditioning might be used to train a dog. (3 marks)
5. A young woman says: “When I was 5 years old, I was at a party and a balloon burst with a loud bang in my face. Even after
all these years, I cannot bear to go into a room where there are balloons. They terrify me!”
Use your knowledge of classical conditioning to explain why the young woman is terrified of balloons. (3
marks)
6. Marc is often frustrated and angry, but most of the time he keeps his feelings under control. One day, during a meeting at
work, Marc stormed out of the room and kicked the drinks machine so hard that the glass screen broke.
Suggest how a behaviourist psychologist might explain violent behaviour such as that shown by Marc. (4
marks)
Plan and complete the essay question number 7.
7. Discuss the behaviourist approach in psychology. Refer to classical conditioning and operant
conditioning in your answer. (10 marks)
Total = 26 marks
Extension – Plan and complete essay question number 8.
8. Describe the behaviourist approach in psychology and evaluate the research methods used by
behaviourist psychologists. (10 marks)
Total = 36 marks
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Social Learning Theory – Private Study
PSYB1c - Make a glossary of the following key terms for the Social Learning Theory:
Observational learning
modelling
Role model
Live model
Symbolic model
Significant other
Vicarious reinforcement
Vicarious punishment
Mediating cognitive factors
Examination Style Questions – PSYB1d
Answer all of the short questions 1-6
1. Outline one key assumption of the Social Learning Theory (3 marks)
2. What do social learning theorists mean by mediating cognitive factors? (1 mark)
3. Using an example explain what is meant by vicarious reinforcement. (2 marks)
4. What do social learning theorists mean by the term role model? Give an example of a suitable role
model for a teenage girl. (2 marks)
5. Describe the four conditions Bandura suggested were necessary for effective modelling to occur. (4
marks)
6. Explain one strength and one limitation of the Social Learning Theory. (4 marks)
Plan and complete the essay question number 7.
7. Describe and discuss the social learning theory in psychology (10 marks)
Total = 26 marks
Extension – Plan and complete essay question number 8.
8. Describe the social learning theory in psychology and discuss similarities and differences between this
theory and the behaviourist approach.
Total = 36 marks
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The Cognitive Approach – Private Study
PSYB1e - Make a glossary of the following key terms for the Cognitive Approach:
Cognition
Computer analogy
schema
Reconstructive memory
Neural analogy
Connectionist model
Leading questions
Examination Style Questions – PSYB1f
Answer all of the short questions 1-5
1. Briefly explain one assumption of the cognitive approach in psychology. (2 marks)
2. Outline one reason why cognitive psychologists use models of mental processes. (2 marks)
3. Describe how cognitive psychologists use models to explain internal mental processes. Illustrate your
answer with an example. (4 marks)
4. Describe one Key study used to support the cognitive approach. Include the aim, method, findings and
conclusions in your answer. (4 marks)
5. Outline two strengths and two weaknesses of the cognitive approach in psychology (4 marks)
Plan and complete the essay question number 9.
9. Describe the cognitive approach in psychology and evaluate the research methods used in the cognitive
approach. (10 marks)
Total = 26
Extension – Plan and complete essay question number 10.
10. Describe and discuss the cognitive approach in psychology. Refer to evidence in your answer. (10
marks)
Total = 36
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The Psychodynamic Approach – Private Study
PSYB1g – Make a glossary of the following key terms for the Psychodynamic Approach:
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious
id
ego
superego
Defence mechanism
Psychosexual stages of development
Oral aggressive
Oral passive
Anally retentive
Anally expulsive
PSYB1h – Examination Style Questions
Answer all of the short questions 1-5
1. Katy is very anxious. She constantly chews her pen without realising it and cannot stop herself from biting her
fingernails.
Outline two assumptions of the psychodynamic approach. Refer to Katy in your answer. (4 marks)
2. Name and briefly describe one defence mechanism. Suggest how this defence mechanism might help a
person to cope with the breakdown of a close relationship. (3 marks)
3. Emily very much wanted to pass her ballet examination, but after she failed the examination she did not seem
upset.
Suggest one defence mechanism and use your knowledge of this defence mechanism to explain why
Emily was not upset after failing her ballet examination. (2 marks)
4. Name one of Freud’s psychosexual stages of development. Explain how an adult might demonstrate
one behaviour associated with this stage of development. (3 marks)
5. Outline two criticisms of the psychodynamic approach. (4 marks)
Plan and complete the essay question number 6.
6. Describe the psychodynamic approach to explaining human behaviour. Discuss strengths and
limitations of this approach. (10 marks)
Total = 26 marks
Extension – Plan and complete essay question number 7.
7. Discuss the psychodynamic approach in psychology. Evaluate research methods used in the
psychodynamic approach. (10 marks)
Total = 36 marks
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The Humanistic Approach – Private Study
PSYB1i – Make a glossary of the following key terms for the Humanistic Approach:
Freewill
Conditions of worth
Self-concept
congruence
Incongruence
Self-actualisation
Unconditional positive regard
PSYBj – Examination Style Questions
Answer all of the short questions 1-8
1. Briefly explain one assumption of the humanistic approach in psychology. (2 marks)
2. What do humanistic psychologists mean by conditions of worth? Suggest how a parent might place
conditions of worth on his or her child. (2 marks)
3. Humanistic psychologists have claimed that all individuals can achieve self-actualisation.
Explain what is meant by self-actualisation. (2 marks)
4. Explain one problem with the concept of self-actualisation. (2 marks)
What do humanistic psychologists mean by conditions of worth? Give an example of how a parent might set
conditions of worth on his or her child. (2 marks)
5. Lesley is anxious and has low self-esteem. As a child, she felt that, no matter how hard she tried to please
people, no one ever approved of her. She sometimes feels worthless.
Referring to the humanistic approach, explain one possible cause of Lesley’s problems. (4 marks)
6. What do humanistic psychologists mean by free-will? Explain how an individual could demonstrate
their free-will. (2 marks)
7. Explain one way in which the humanistic approach differs from the behaviourist approach in
psychology. (2 marks)
8. Explain one strength and one limitation of the humanistic approach. (4 marks)
Plan and complete the essay question number 9.
9. Describe and discuss the humanistic approach in psychology (10 marks)
Total = 32
Extension – Plan and complete essay question number 10.
10. Describe and evaluate the humanistic approach in psychology. Refer to at least one other approach in
your answer. (10 marks)
Total = 42
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The Biological Approach – Private Study
PSYB1k – Make a glossary of the following key terms for the Biological Approach:
Genetics
Heredity
Genotype
Phenotype
Sexual selection
The rooting reflex
Evolution
PSYB1 l – Examination Style Questions
Answer all of the short questions 1-6
1. Outline one assumption of the biological approach in Psychology. (2 marks)
2. Outline what is meant by evolution. (2 marks)
3. Explain how one human or non-human behaviour may have resulted from the process of evolution. (2
marks)
4. Derek and David are identical twins. The twins were separated at birth and raised in very different families.
Derek was given a healthy diet. David was raised in a poor environment where his family could not afford much
food. When the twins were re-united at 40 years old, Derek was tall but David was much shorter.
Distinguish between the terms genotype and phenotype. Refer to Derek and David in your answer. (6
marks)
5. Jake has a very stressful job. He is often late home from work and hardly gets any sleep. One night, Jake is so
stressed and angry that he punches a door. Jake comes from a violent family.
Suggest how a biological psychologist and a behavioural psychologist might explain Jake’s violent
behaviour. (4 marks)
6. Explain one strength and one limitation of the biological approach(4 marks)
Plan and complete the essay question number 7.
7. Discuss the biological approach in psychology. Refer to evidence in your answer. (10 marks)
Total = 30
Extension – Plan and complete essay question number 8.
8. Describe the biological approach in psychology and discuss similarities and differences between the
biological approach and the behaviourist approach. (10 marks)
Total = 40

PSYB1 m - Complete the Biopsychology workbook

PSYB1 n – Create revision materials (mind maps, cue cards or notes) on psychological
approaches and Biopsychology for the end of topic test
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