A Study of Dairy Project in
Two Districts of Rajasthan
Chapter Index
Introduction & Premise
Dholpur district
Topography and climate
The Communities in Dholpur
Livelihood sources and the present status
Interaction with SHG members
Dausar district
Topography and climate
The Communities in Dholpur
Livelihood sources and the present status
Interaction with SHG members
Major Observations and Comments
Acceptability of the program
Increase in level of confidence
Cattle Management:
Belongingness to SHG
Saheli Saghathan
Utilization of Augmented Income
Development of effective and efficient system of Paravets
Marketing
CONCLUSIONS
Project design
Project results
Balanced Development with PQLI Factor
Annexures
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
2
Introduction & Premise
DPIP Rajasthan – Bridging the gap thru innovation
(A report on Dairy Development in Dholpur & Dausa)
PRADAN has been participating in DPIP Rajasthan in two districts Dholpur and Dausa through two decentralized Project
Facilitating Teams (PFTs) of professionals. DPIP’s focus is poverty reduction through asset creation and undertaking
income enhancement activities suitable to the area and the participating farmers.
DPIP provides subsidy to group of poor for undertaking income enhancement activities of their choices. In DPIP’s parlance
these groups are called Common Interest Groups (CIGs). PRADAN organizes poor women in the villages into Self Help
Groups (SHGs) as an organization strategy. These SHGs are facilitated to undertake saving and lending activities. When
the SHGs are six months to one year old and have matured in dealing with savings and lending activity they are linked to
bank. As well they are assisted with livelihood activities of their choices. These SHGs are treated as CIGs by DPIP who
provides financial assistance to these groups.
The emphasis of DPIP remains on developing individual and small group assets and skill training to the participating
families. It is assumed the other issues e.g. support services including backward-forward linkages, attitudinal changes in
people’s mindsets, etc. would happen on its own. To expand and sustain large-scale activity for poor people in areas where
the economy has not developed, requires investment in creation of (or linkage with) common physical infrastructure which is
suited to the context, institutional mechanisms to run them and development of manpower that is competent to provide
support services on a sustainable basis. Unfortunately this has not been the focus of DPIP, and almost no resources have
been allocated for this purpose. Similar is the situation relating to demonstration of possible alternate livelihood avenues to
create confidence among poor families that they too are “capable”.
The Project objectives under the grant are:
•
Development of comprehensive livelihood prototypes suited to the local context, building on the support
available under DPIP for basic infrastructure at the family level,
•
Demonstration of some new locally suitable livelihood avenues to build confidence of both the community and
DPIP officials and Banks on the viability of the activity,
•
Promotion of necessary institutional mechanisms for providing backup support to the livelihood activities as
well as to for long-term sustainability.
•
Advocacy with DPIP, Bank and related government department for adaptation and scaling of successful
demonstrated livelihoods activities
Dairy
Buffalo rearing in Dholpur and cow rearing in Dausa have been initiated under dairy activity, which includes inducting &
rear improved breed of milch animals, adopting best management and rearing practices, vet services at door steps and
support for marketing of milk.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
3
Animal induction: Animal procurement season starts from August and continues till December. There fore most of the
animal procurement have taken place in that period. However 131 women were assisted for procuring animals. Dausa team
has helped the women members of CIGs to induct cows where as Dholpur team has helped to induct buffaloes.
The purchasing conducted by CIG members (women in support of male folk) in technical support of government (dairy
union) and PRADAN veterinary doctor and overall facilitation of our professionals.
Rearing and Management practices: 37-orientation trainings and 5 Post induction trainings were conducted for the rearers.
Improved practices includes proper feeding (green fodder, dry fodder, concentrate, mineral mixtures, UMB etc), watering (at
least three times a day), and replacing place of feeding and staying, keeping in shade etc. Poor feeding and rearing
practices lead for low production, repeat breeding, and cases of anoestrous. It takes time for the rearers to adopt proper
them.
Animal insurance: The project has introduced an informal ’insurance system’ like the goat rearing acting. Members pulled
together Rs 100 per cow/buffalo per year and provide partial assistance to the rearers in case of animal casualty. The
system is run and administered by their informal federation Saheli Sangathan. All the inducted animals have been “insured
under the informal system. So far to the tune of Rs two Lakh has been collected and Rupees fifteen thousand have been
disbursed to the affected rearers.
Animal Heath care: Cases of inbreeding and anoestrous have been turned out to more causing the animal unproductive and
is leading to losses to rearers. The project is planning for Artificial Insemination (AI) for cases of inbreeding since rearing of
bull is difficult and costly. Pregnancy diagnoses of cows have helped rearers and have been carried out as a regular activity.
Milk marketing: At Dausa the producers are selling milk to District Milk Cooperatives Union of Rajasthan Cooperative Dairy
Federation (RCDF) as well as private buyers. In summer producers got good prices (up to Rs 12/ lit). Largely rearers getting
reasonable prices where as some them are not. At Dholpur some of the dairy groups are helped with milk procurement
through a hired vehicle and collected milk are poured in the RCDF’s chilling unit. This is a stopgap arrangement. The project
has negotiating with Mother Dairy for procurement on a sustainable basis through promotion of milk Producers Company
(PC). This arrangement has been in operation since December 2005. Similar arrangements came into being in Dausa the
subsequent year.
Veterinary support: Veterinary doctors along with paravets provided veterinary care to the animals. The Veterinary unit has
been undertaking animal health check twice in month. Since rearers were not undertaking de-warming regularly the unit
now started regular de-worming of animals, where rearers pay Rs 150 for each milch animal for a year.
Rearers started paying costs of regular health check ups @ of Rs10 per month per cow/buffalo. The project has planned to
provide AI facilities to the animals. AI training will be provided to the paravets, who will be equipped with required AI
infrastructures.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
4
At Dausa around 80 emergency cases for retention of placenta, dog bites, serious of diseases, H.S. FMD, blooding in
urinating etc attended by the veterinary doctors.
Dholpur district- its topography and climate: Dholpur is located on Agra- Gowalior highway 60 km from Agra. The Arravali
ranges continue till Dholpur town. There are two main rivers Chambal and Parvati separated by Arravali hills. Presences of
Arravali ranges affect the topography, demography, resources and livelihoods. Topography of Dholpur district project
villages can be classified into three typologies:
1. The Chambal River is famous for its ravines. It separates Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Ravines move parallel
all along the Chambal River. The villages in the ravines are most difficult both in terms of access and living. The
lands are highly undulating and erosion prone. Agriculture fields in the lower valley submerge in rainy season due
to floods in Chambal River. The soil is sandy loam, productive and has sufficient depth. There are 10 target
villages are from this region.
2. A plateau of Arravali hills, consists of hillocks, valleys, undulating stony terrain, with thin soil cover (0 to 2ft) locally
called Daang. This Daang area is in upper catchments of the Chambal and the Parvati Rivers. This spreads
across Dholpur, Bari and Baseri blocks in the range of 5-25km in width and spread. Most of the part comes under
reserve forest, having good vegetation cover. The region is full of stones quarries that used for building
construction. Stone mines are virtually everywhere. Connectivity is poor. 23 target villages are from this region.
3. The Parvati River region consists of middle and lower catchments of the Parvati (a local perennial River). It has
good soil depth, productive, sandy, sandy loams soils; bore wells as we move far away from Daang area. The
area is the mainly agricultural and buffalo rearing area of the district. Rest 96 villages are from this region.
The district falls under semiarid zone. The climate varies from very high temperate (up to 50 degree centigrade) in
summer to coolest (up to 5 degree centigrade) in winter. The rainy season is from July to September. The districts
receive 550-650 mm average annual rainfall.
The Communities in Dholpur: Major communities are Gurjars, Thakurs, Meenas, Kushwahs, Jatavs, Brahmins,
Goswamis, Mallahs, Muslims, Kohlis, and Dhobis etc. In general Thakurs, Brahmins (General), Gurjars (OBCs), and
Meena (ST) are well of and dominating communities. The Mallahs, Kushwahs (OBCs about 10 % of total population)
are poor and backward communities and spread in clusters across the district. Kohlis, Dhobis, Muslims and Jaatav etc
(SCs and minor castes; about 25% of total population) are the poorest and the most socio economically vulnerable
castes.
Livelihood sources and the present status in project villages in Dholpur district:
•
Agriculture and livestock rearing are the main source of the livelihood of the people. Agriculture is dependent on
the monsoon (rain fed agriculture), which is erratic and unpredictable.
•
Parvati and Chambal river of Dholpur is causing high erosion with undulating land, which are neither levelled nor
bunded properly resulting in low productivity.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
5
•
There are traditional rainwater-harvesting structures like paals/ taals. Those are either damaged or defunct due to
lack of maintenance.
•
Majority of farmers are marginal and small.
•
Rearing of milch animal is the second largest livelihood.
•
Wage labour is another source of livelihood for the landless and small farmers who go to near by cities, Bari and
Dholpur. People migrate to Agra and Delhi for wage earning.
•
Stone mining (both legal and illegal) is wide spread and employment is available in winters and summers.
Livelihood interventions scope:
•
Promotion of SHGs with women
•
Leveling of land and repair of the field bunds could be taken up in some areas.
•
Promotion of horticulture and tree plantation and cultivation of fodder development
•
Develop animal husbandry sector
•
Small scale Poultry farm as Jaipur, Gowalior and Agra have a large market
•
Revival and creation of rainwater harvesting bodies paals / taals
•
Agriculture intervention to improve crop productivity
A. Organisation at the grassroots:
Women from poor families are first organised into Self Help Group (SHGs). These groups are formed around affinity and the
primary activity, which they are engaged in, is “Saving & Credit”. These groups also provide a platform for the poor women
to come together, share problems and jointly plan for a better future. In due course these groups are transformed into
platforms in which better livelihood options are discussed and intervention are launched. As in other project locations this
remains PRADAN’s core strategy for intervention in Rajasthan.
DPIP provided an opportunity for poor families to access significant volume of funds for livelihood interventions. To
Views access these funds the teams have promoted Common Interest Group (CIGs). The members of these groups are
primarily drawn from the SHGs, and are organised around interest in a particular livelihood activity. In many cases, CIG and
the SHGs are synonymous, especially in Dausa and Dholpur, where all members of the SHG are interested in the same
activity. Data in this case may help
Interaction with SHG members
The SHG visited in Bhilgawa is known as Laxmi Mahila Bachat Samiti. There are 19 members in the SHG who save Rs.
10/- per week. The SHG is 4 yrs old and it was started before the benefits of the DPIP reached them. The SHG has an
outstanding loan of Rs. 1 lakh and currently cash in bank is Rs. 2247/- with cash is hand reported as Rs. 267/-. All members
were benefited from the Programme who were given two buffaloes each. The total amount of first loan taken was Rs.
76,000/- which has been repaid. The members have gone in for second loan of Rs. 1,30,000/- of which Rs. 30,000/- have
already been paid. The loan was taken from Saheli Sanghatan which was to the tune of Rs. 2,06,000/-. The members
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
6
expressed their solidarity and extreme faith on the Saheli Sanghatan and were very keen that the institution grow in
strength. However on asking what else could be the function of Saheli Sanghatan, they were at a loss to express their
views.
Name
of
Villag
e
Bhilg
awa
Name
of
Panc
hayat
Name
of the
SHG
Numb
ers of
mem
bers
Contri
butio
n
amou
nt per
week
Year
of
starti
ng
Cash
Balan
ce
Loan
outst
andin
g
Bank
savin
g
Numb
ers of
mem
bers
benifit
ed by
way
of
loan
Basai
Sama
nta
Laxmi
Mahil
a
Bach
at
Samit
i
19
Rs.
10
per
week
2003
Rs.
267
Rs.
1,00,
000
Rs.
2247
All
mem
bers
Name of
Village
Name of Name of
Panchayat the SHG
Aari
Nunhera
Contributio
Numbers of
Year of
n amount
members
starting
per week
Saraswati
Mahila
16
Bachat
Samiti
Rs. 10 per
2003
week
Total
amou
nt of
1st
loan
given
Rs.76
,000
Amount
recovered
Total
amou
nt of
2nd
loan
availe
d
Amou
nt
recov
ered
Total
amou
nt of
loan
receiv
ed
from
Sahel
i
Sang
athan
Rs.76,000
Rs.
1,30,
000
Rs.
3000
0
Rs.
2,06,
000
Total
amou
nt of
loan
receiv
ed
from
the
bank
Nil
Cash
Balance
Loan
Bank
outstanding saving-
Numbers of
members
benifited by
way of loan
Total
amount of Amount
1st loan
recovered
given
Total
Total amount of
Total amount of
amount of Amount
loan received from loan received
2nd loan recovered
Saheli Sangathan from the bank
availed
Rs. 125
Nil
All members
Rs. 28,000 Rs.28,000
Rs.
1,20,000
Rs. 138
Rs. 98,000 Nil
Rs. 1,48,000
.
There were 3 SHGs that we visited in Aari. The above table shows the details of one of the SHGs who also have named it
as Laxmi Mahila Bachat Samiti. This SHG also has a total of 19 members contributing Rs. 10/- per week. Established in
2003 they have a cash balance of Rs. 70/- and a bank balance of Rs. 440/-. However the total number of members
benefited from the SHGs is 15. The first loan taken by the SHG was Rs. 34,000/- which has been fully repaid. The second
loan was taken to the tune of Rs. 1,28,000/- which has also been fully repaid. The entire loan of Rs. 1,62,000/- was taken
from the bank and no loan was taken from Saheli Sanghatan. Out of the total of 19 members only 4 of them pour their milk
for government dairy whereas rest of them give it to local Dudhiyas.
The second SHG in Aari is named as Saraswati Mahila Bachat Samiti which has 16 members. This SHG was also started in
2003 and each member contribute Rs. 10/- per week. The cash balance in the cash book is Rs. 125/- and amount in bank is
Rs. 138/-. The members took the first loan from the bank was tune to Rs. 28,000/- which was repaid and the members went
in for the second loan of Rs. 1,20,000/- of which Rs. 98,000/- has been repaid. All the members were benefited from the
loan. This SHG has received the maximum benefit from the dairy project as they pour their entire saleable milk in the
government dairy.
The third SHG visited in Aari was Mahadeo Mahila Bachat Samiti with 12 members. Established in 2003, the members have
not been sincere enough in their repayment habit. While their first loan of Rs. 28,000/- has been repaid they are lagging
behind the repayment of second loan of Rs. 1,20,000/- due to defaulting members. All the members give their saleable milk
to the Dudhiyas. While it was known to the members that there was a vast price difference in per liter of milk given to the
Dudhiyas which was Rs. 11 to 12 per liter as against a minimum of Rs. 16/- per liter in the government dairy. None of the
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
7
members were open enough as to why they wanted to continue to pour their milk to the Dudhiyas inspite of knowingly
incoming such as loss.
Total
Numbers
Total
Total
Total
amount of
of
amount
Name Numbers Contribution
amount
amount
loan
Name of Name of
Year of Cash Loan
Bank members
Amount
Amount
of loan
of the of
amount per
of 1st
of 2nd
received
Village Panchayat
starting Balance outstanding saving- benifited
recovered
recovered
received
SHG members week
loan
loan
from
by way of
from the
given
availed
Saheli
loan
bank
Sangathan
Vaishno
Devi
Hanspura Nunhera Mahila 10
Bachat
Samiti
Rs. 10 per
2002
week
Rs. 227 Nil
Rs.
2500
All
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.25,000
Nil
members 25,000
1,00,000 1,00,000
Rs.
1,25,000
The SHG in Hanspura was one of the oldest SHG formed in the year 2002. The SHG is named as Vaishno Devi Mahila
Bachat Samiti. We could not meet all the members of SHG as most of them were out of work with only available members
to meet were 4. Total number of members in the SHG is 10 with a few members opting out of the SHG which earlier use to
have 14 members. There is no outstanding loan from the first loan taken. They have a cash balance of Rs. 227/- and a bank
saving of Rs. 2500/-. The SHG also went in for 2nd term loan of Rs. 1,00,000/- which also has been repaid. Thus all the
members were benefited from a total amount of loan of Rs. 1,25,000/-. Discussing with the members of SHGs it was
realized that there is an irregularity of meeting hence the savings and credit currently is not going on as desired. Also on
enquiring it was felt that the meeting was not taking place since there was no anchor person from PRADAN to facilitate the
same. The members give their milk to the local Dudhiyas.
Total
Numbers
Total
Total
Total
amount of
of
amount
Name
Name Numbers Contribution
amount
amount
loan
Name of
Year of Cash Loan
Bank members
Amount
Amount
of loan
of
of the of
amount per
of 1st
of 2nd
received
Panchayat
starting Balance outstanding saving- benifited
recovered
recovered
received
Village
SHG members week
loan
loan
from
by way of
from the
given
availed
Saheli
loan
bank
Sangathan
Khirana Aligarh
Jai
Devi
Mahila 11
Bachat
Samiti
Rs. 10 per
2003
week
Rs.
1910
Rs.
1,09,000
Rs.
3200
All
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.55,000
Nil
members 55,000
1,70,000 1,09,000
Rs.
2,25,000
Village Khirana is located approximately 12 kms interior of the block headquarter ( ). We visited the SHG in the evening. In
addition to the members from the SHG there were other villagers who actively participated in the meeting. There are two
SHGs named as Jai Devi Mahila Bachat Samiti and Bhumia Baba Mahila Bachat Samiti. The former has a total of 11
members while the later has 19 members. Jai Devi Mahila Bachat Samiti was established in 2003 which makes a saving of
Rs. 10/- per week per member. They have a cash balance of Rs. 1910/- and a bank savingof Rs. 3200/-. All the members
benefited from the loan taken in two occasions, the first own for Rs. 55,000/- which has been repaid in full and the second
for an amount of Rs. 1,70,000/- of which Rs. 1,09,000/- has been recovered. Bhumia Baba Mahila Bachat Samiti was
established in 2004 who also make a saving of Rs. 10/- per week. The detail figures regarding this SHG was not available.
However on asking the members present they did mentioned that first loan was taken from which all the members
benefited. Members from both the SHGs as well as others present stated that they pour their milk in the milk collection
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
8
centre from where it goes in government dairy. None of them give their milk to the local Dudhiyas. Both the SHGs reported
their meetings were very regular and held in most disciplined manner.
Total
Numbers
Total
Total
Total
amount of
of
amount
Name
Name Numbers Contribution
amount
amount
loan
Name of
Year of Cash Loan
Bank members
Amount
Amount
of loan
of
of the of
amount per
of 1st
of 2nd
received
Panchayat
starting Balance outstanding saving- benifited
recovered
recovered
received
Village
SHG members week
loan
loan
from
by way of
from the
given
availed
Saheli
loan
bank
Sangathan
Khirana Aligarh
Bhumia
Baba
Mahila 19
Bachat
Samiti
Rs. 10 per
2004
week
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
All
Rs.
members
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Nil
Rs.
Total
Numbers
Total
Total
Total
amount of
of
amount
Name Numbers Contribution
amount
amount
loan
Name of Name of
Year of Cash Loan
Bank members
Amount
Amount
of loan
of the of
amount per
of 1st
of 2nd
received
Village
Panchayat
starting Balance outstanding saving- benifited
recovered
recovered
received
SHG members week
loan
loan
from
by way of
from the
given
availed
Saheli
loan
bank
Sangathan
Gadarpura
Kaila
Devi
Mahila 14
Bachat
Samiti
Rs. 10 per
2003
week
Rs.
Nil
Rs.
All
Nil
members
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Gadarpura is located approximately 18 kms from Dholpur. We visited the village in morning hours at a time when most of
the farmers are suppose to be in their farm. However due to lack of rainfall most of them were at home. Hence when we
visited it did not take much time for both men and women to assemble in large number for the meeting. Due to traditional
binding women in Rajasthan are not use to speaking in front of men folk. However they seem to be quite vocal during the
discussion inspite of their men folks being present. The SHG is named as Kaila Devi Mahila Bachat Samiti having 14
members contributing Rs. 10/- per week and which was established in the year 2003. Discussions centered around the
SHGs not getting loan from the bank due to some defaulting members. Most of the members present including some of the
men stated that why other members should suffer when they were contributing and repaying their loan sincerely. They were
unable to create any pressure on the erring member which was further de-motivating the other members.
Dausa
The Dausa district is located in the eastern partition of the state of Rajasthan surrounded by Alwar district to the north,
Bharatpur district to the northeast Karauli district to the east, Sawai Madhopur district to the south and Jaipur district to the
west. The district with a total area of 3,404.67 sq. km extends from 250 33’N to 27*033’N’ latitude and 76009 E to 7705E
longitude. The district has been named after it’s headquarter town, Dausa.
Dausa has been carved out as a separate district on 10 th April 1991 buifurcating Jaipur district. As a result four tahsils viz.
Baswa, Dausa, Lalsot and Sikrai are detached from Jaipur district to form this new district. On 15th August, 1992, the district
has been reorganized adding one more tahsil Mahawa of Sawai Madhopur, Presently, the district has five sub- divisions
and five panchayat samitis viz. Dausa, Lalsot, Bandikui, Sikrai and Mahawa and five tahsils namely Dausa, Lalsot, Baswa,
Sikrai and Mahawa. The district has four municipalities and 225 gram panchayats and 1019 villages.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
9
Topography and climate
The districts forms part of East Rajasthan The Aravalli hill systems surround Dausa by Lalsot Toda Bhim and hills of Alwar
district, having a relative height of over 200m. The district is drained by the non perennial rivers, namely Banganga and
Morel.The Banganga has been impounded near Jamwa Ramgarh, which provides a major share of the drinking water
supplies to the adjoining Jaipur city.
Climate of the Dausa district is hot and dry with mean maximum temperature of 40 C and mean minimum temperature of
9C. The districts receive 450-550 mm average annual rainfall spread from July to September.
The Communities in Dausa
Major communities in these districts are Meena (ST), Gurjars, Naths/Goswami, Kumbhars, Nai (OBC), Berwa, Koli, Raigar,
Dhanak (SC), and Brahamins, Rajputs/ Thakurs, Baniya, Muslims, Sardars (Gen) etc. Almost all major castes are found in
clusters of villages, where as poor castes like SCs are spread more or less equally.
Livelihood sources and the present status
Rural people interested in milk production and have some traditional skills in rearing milch animals. This is seen as a source
of cash income at home. Most the animals reared are of local breed and the productivity of these animals is very low. Over
and above, the current practices of rearing and management of the animals, have a lot of scope for improvement. The
current practices lead to sub-optimal productivity and adversely affects the longevity of the animals. During the postmonsoon period, most families are unable to provide proper quality fodder and the milk production drops dramatically or
stops completely. Practice of cultivating green fodder or an organized market for green fodder is non-existent in the area
Dairy Programme at a Glance: PRADAN Dausa
Particulars
Total as Plan for FY 07-08
on June
30, 07
Villages
35
Families
567
Groups formed
63
Approved gps from DPIP
62
No of gps (executing) with sanctioned project
50
Fund released to No of gps (First Phase)
48
2
Amount of fund released (Rs Lakh)
113.53
65
People`s contribution
28.38
12.8
Investment made (Rs Lakhs)
134.36
65
No of gps inducted first phase cows
45
5
No first phase cows inducted
479
45
No of groups inducted IInd buffalo
23
24
No second buffaloes inducted
243
250
No gps for Animal management trainings
45
0
Post induction training
14
0
Paravets
7
0
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
10
The Dausa dairy Programme spreads over 35 villages who are working with 567 families. The total number of group formed
is 63 out of which 62 are under the DPIP Programme. 48 groups received fund during the first phase. The dairy project of
Dausa has inducted a mixed group of providing one cow and one buffalo to each family. This was done keeping in view that
the period of milking in cow is longer than that of buffaloes. Also due to the pattern of milking of buffalo being similar it
becomes difficult for a family to get income round the year. The method of mixed induction of the animals seems to have
caught all amongst the members. The total amount released in the Dausa dairy project was Rs. 113.53 lakhs excluding the
people’s contribution of Rs. 28.38 lakhs. During the first phase 45 groups were formed where 479 cows were inducted. In
second phase there were 23 groups formed with 243 buffaloes being inducted.
Animal management training was provided to 45 groups and 14 post induction training were conducted. Altogether 7
paravets have been trained who are currently available for services to the villagers.
Analysis of Breeding Status up to
March 31, 07
Total Cows inducted (Nos) 334
Cases of next calving (Nos) 16
Pregnant (Nos)
139
Freshly inducted (Nos)
84
Repeat breeding (Nos)
58
% age of repeat breeding
17.4
Anoestrous cases (Nos)
37
% age of repeat breeding
11.1
The statistics on the analysis of breeding show that there were altogether 334 cows were inducted of which 139 were
pregnant and 16 were ready for calving. There were 17.4 percent of the cows who had to go for repeat breeding.
Cows
AI Analysis
Total till March, 07
Buffaloes
Total A.Is. Succeeded
Repeated
Total A.Is.
Succeeded
Repeated
244
52
16
13
3
192
%age success
78.69
From April 07 to June 07
116
Total till March, 07
360
81.25
11
149
27
The success rate of A.I. is given in the table above. Out of 244 A.I. done 192 were successful with repeat of 52, which
makes it 78.69 % success rate. The success rate of buffalo was found to be even higher that is 13 out of 16 A.Is were
successful with 3 repeats thus making it 81.25% success rate.
Interaction with SHG members
Group
1
2
3
4
jagdish
sanker
Bajrang
mataji
Formed on 20/05/2005
21/08/2003 18/08/2003 18/08/2004
members
12
10
10
10
Activity
goatry
goatry
Dairy
Dairy
Boroda
Boroda
Panchayat maheswaran kalan bapi
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
11
Bank Loan nil
100000
repaid
54000
nil
32000
no outstanding
The SHGs that we visited were named as Jagdish Mahila Bachat Samiti, Shankar Mahila Bachat Samiti, Bajrang Mahila
Bachat Samiti and Mataji Mahila Bachat Samiti. Jagdish Mahila Bachat Samiti is amongst the recent ones, which is just
about 2 years old. It has 12 members who were rearing goats. There was no loan taken by the group. The entire group is
comprised on landless labourers who live in extreme poverty. All of them have to go for daily wage earning in the nearby
areas or sometimes ever further when wage earning is not possible in the nearby area.
Shankar Mahila Bachat Samiti has 10 members who engage themselves in goat rearing. A very vibrant and disciplined
group, they had their regular SHG meeting on the day of our visit. The group which was established in 2003 had taken a
loan of Rs. 1,00,000/- of which Rs. 54,000/- has been repaid.
Bajrang Mahila Bachat Samiti was established in 2003 which has 10 members are engaged in dairy activity. Although the
SHG is 4 years old they have not gone in for any loan. The milk is given to the local Dudhiyas as they have no mechanism
for milk collection or giving the same to the government dairy. The SHG was also found to be stuck in their internal conflict
with two of their internal members which was primarily on caste reasons. The village seemed well off since all the houses
were PUCCKA and made out of concrete.
Mataji Mahila Bachat Samiti was established in 2004 and has 10 members. They are engaged in dairy activity. The SHG
has taken a loan of Rs. 32,000/- which was repaid.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
12
1. Major Observations and Comments
¾ Acceptability of the program
In most of the cases the strong impression gathered was extremely positive with families willing to
consider dairy as their prime livelihood activities. With current level of selling of milk where a member is
able to sell an average of 6 to 7 liters per day and earn Rs. 14 per liter depending upon the fat content.
This makes an average income of Rs. 2520/- per family. However due to not having sufficient number of
cattle there is an uneven distribution of income through out the year. Never the less the acceptability of
the Programme is very high taking the future into consideration. There are a few members who still
needs further inputs of training in terms of management of their cattle which currently is poor hence
remain de-motivated.
¾ Increase in level of confidence
The members can be distinctly divided into two groups – one those who sell their milk to Dudhiyas and
second, those who sell it to the Government dairy. In both the cases the confidence level of the members
were high. In the first case the members get much lesser price as compared to second. Yet they felt
more at home with the Dudhiyas as they function as ATM for them and are available during all
emergencies. On probing this issue further though reluctant to share, they stated that getting emergency
cash from the Dudhiyas was very easy. They also felt that recovery pattern was less stressing for them
since all they had to do was pledging their milk for future. This kind of comfort level was not available if
they gave their milk to mother dairy and those of them who gave their milk to Dudhiyas preferred to
continue their relationship with them . Having the cattle ensured that the Dudhiyas interest continue to
remain intact. However the members were well aware that the Dudhiyas exploit them and give them
much lower rate then the Government dairy. It is possible that there may be a few other phenomena not
outwardly visible, could come out in a detailed socio cultural study that is influencing the family economy.
In the second case, the members’ first reaction was that they were able to get out of the clutches of
Dudhiyas and feel more independent in selling their milk to the dairy. On an average they were able to
get a rate of Rs. 16/- per liter and the higher end up to Rs. 23/- per liter. With the better management of
the money, many of them were able to get additional cattle, which helped them to maintain a basic level
of income through out the year.
In Dausa, the induction of one cow and one buffalo has caught up well and the members have been able
to see the benefit of such combination. The milching period of cow being longer helps balance the level
of income distribution.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
13
¾ Cattle Management:
While in Dausa the issue of fodder did not crop up so vividly, in Dholpur this was expressed as one of the
major problems. The availability of the fodder was articulated as one of the areas where they expect
further support from PRADAN. However in Dausa the overall management in terms of shed as well as
feeder did not seem as organized as it was noticed in Dholpur. This is in spite the fact that the overall
economic status of the family in Dausa was better then that of in Dholpur. While discussing with the
members in Dholpur it was felt that the intensity of animal care was very high and each member was
talking very passionately about their own cattle. In case of Dausa the knowledge of commercializing was
better and it seemed that they wanted to weigh the animal care with the output they were getting from
selling the milk.
¾ Belongingness to SHG
There was no doubt that the importance of coming together was understood by each and every member
of the group. There was very good sense of discipline of the member regarding the attendance in the
meeting and also imposition of fine in case of both latecomers and absentees. Everyone identified
themselves with their respective SHGs and also had sense of pride. Most of them have actively benefited
from the credit and savings by way of loan during their period of emergency. In addition the meeting in
the SHG also provides for outlet for the women by sharing each other’s domestic problems. While we
were attending a regular meeting of the SHG in Dausa, one of the interesting observations needs to be
illustrated here. One of the members had taken loan of Rs. 1900/- from the SHG, which was to be
returned in a month’s time with the agreed interest of 2% per month. The member was able to return upto
Rs. 1300/- from the principal amount in addition to the requisite interest of Rs. 38/- which she was
suppose to pay. The non-payment of the principal amount by the due date attracted heavy penalty of Rs.
10/- per hundred per month. Thus her penalty for additional non-payment of Rs. 600/- was summing up
to Rs. 60/-, which she was willing to pay. Immediately there were 4 other women who came to her rescue
and paid the additional Rs. 600/- with an understanding that she would be returning this money to them
during the next weeks meeting. Thus she was saved of paying the penalty for her loan. This mutual
understanding and willingness to support one another ensure the cohesiveness of the group which
ultimately translates into a village of mutual cooperation.
¾ Saheli Saghathan
Saheli Saghathan which is the federation of all SHGs have different method of operation in Dausa and
Dholpur. While there is an elected president of the Saheli Saghathan in Dholpur, in Dausa they have kept
it open with a committee, which is called a Karyakarini. Both are functioning very well. However in case of
Dholpur some amount of fatigue was observed with the president. This was not so in Dausa.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
14
A specific visit was given to Kamleshbai, president of Saheli Sanghatan who lives in Aari Panchayat. She
has been the president of the Sanghatan since last one year. When asked about the background of
Saheli Sanghatan including its formation, she pleaded her ignorance about the same. As far as the role
of members in Saheli Sanghatan was concern, 4 points were mentioned;
1) Matters related to loan
2) Insurance
3) Repayment and
4) Claim for dead animals
There are 25 members in the Sanghatan, which meets 20th of every month. When asked about the
functioning of the Sanghatan, she stated that it was operating very well under the guidance of PRADAN,
though she would like little more explaining to be done to the members by the PRADAN staff while
facilitating the meeting and specially not take their signatures in blank cheques. She also stated that the
Sanghatan would feel very insecure without PRADAN. She further said that if there were a few educated
members within the Sanghatan then the Sanghatan could become more independent.
2. A small meeting was organized with a few other Saheli Sanghatan members. They were Anardevi from
Umari village, who has been member of Saheli Sanghatan for last one year, Munnibai from Hansai
village, member for last two years and Reshambai from Puravlawati, who was also the member of
Sanghatan for last two years.
This group meets on 25th of every month in Bari. Conversation and discussions are centered around
insurance, loan, repayment, claims and sometimes matters of some common interest to village women.
They stated that generally problems are discussed at cluster level and then finally put to Sanghatan
meeting. As far the history goes PRADAN initiated the idea of federation by clustering the SHGs and then
promoted two members from each cluster to become as the federation members. They also mentioned
that the cluster meetings are taken seriously and any member absent has to pay a fine of Rs. 100/- per
meeting.
All of them unanimously felt very secured even if PRADAN withdraws the facilitation from Sanghatan.
They were also prepared to pay someone who is educated and is able to facilitate the meetings and do
the paper work. All of them were also very confident of bank linkage after suitable training to the
members of Saheli Sanghatan. It seemed that they were looking for a little more handholding on
organization and management aspect from PRADAN. Contrary to the President, other members
expressed more robust confidence in them as well as in Sangathan.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
15
Three years Comparitive fund position of Saheli Sangathan - DHolpur
3500000.00
Amount in Bank
3000000.00
2500000.00
2000000.00
1500000.00
1000000.00
500000.00
0.00
2004 - 05
2005 - 06
2006 - 07
Cash In Bank
267209.00
272157.00
1940623.00
Total
397563.00
1056509.00
3358131.00
Years in Comparison
From the above table it can be inferred that the funds status of the Saheli Sanghatan has been in
incremental order with more and more members joining in. The total fund in the year 2004-05 recorded
as Rs. 3,97,563/- with cash in bank being Rs. 2,67,209/-. Similarly in the year 2005-06 record shows a
substantial increase in the income side of the balance sheet which is Rs. 10,56,509/- and 2006-07 it is
further increased to Rs. 33,58,131/-.
Saheli Rahat Kosh
Amount (in Rs.)
1200000.00
1000000.00
800000.00
600000.00
400000.00
200000.00
0.00
Saheli Rahat Kosh
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
326755.00
427,974.00
1,122,053.00
Year
Looking at the position of Saheli Rahat Kosh, the year 2004-05 realized an deposit of Rs. 3,26,755/which increased to Rs. 4.27,974/- in 2005-06 and Rs. 11,22,053/- in 2006-07.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
16
Insurance Claim
50025
138550
304475
2006-07
2005-06
2004-05
From the above table, the insurance claim shows Rs. 50,025/- in 2004-05, which increased to Rs.
1,38,550/- in 2005-06 and Rs. 3,04,475/- in 2006-07. Thus the three figures distinctly indicate the
increase in membership of the Saheli Sanghatan, which is gaining from strength to strength.
One of the major challenges that PRADAN may have to proactively be prepared is that of the different
dynamics of human factors, the varied conflicts that can arise, the issue of leadership challenges and
methods to resolve it at twin organizational level – one at the level of PRADAN as a facilitating
organization and the other at the level of Saheli Sanghatan. The other issue that may crop up is the
political economy of such an organization, which would have strength of both money as well as captive
mass base. Dynamics will also need to be kept in mind at the cluster level, the middle tier, which is the
framework of the democratic fabric of the Saheli Sanghatan.
¾ Utilization of Augmented Income
In both the places i.e. Dausa and Dholpur, members were not open enough to discuss with us regarding
their expenditure pattern. Probing further it was realized that in Dausa a large number of members have
expended lavishly for the purpose of marriage. For example one of the members in Sindoli stated that
they used 10 barrels of ghee during their daughter’s marriage citing the similar example who had used
even more quantity to feed the entire village. The culture of dowry is another griping factor in Dausa.
Families feel pressurized due to this system. While in Dholpur the competition for spending as a status
symbol was not felt as strong as in Dausa.
Non of the members except one mentioned that she gives utmost priority of her income for the education
of her son who was studying in Jaipur. Health followed as second reason for spending next to marriages.
There were hardly any member who stated that the amount was utilized for the payment of loan. Every
family continues to be on debt that ranged from Rs. 50,000/- to Rs. 3,50,000/-. Asking on this, almost all
of them (both in Dausa and Dholpur) felt that it was very difficult for them to get out of the loan and will be
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
17
continue to remain during next generation as well. While in the meeting there were a few teenager boys
who stood by and listened to the discussion in Dausa. They shared that in a few occasions earlier the
money-lender would pressurize their parents for the repayment of loan (which was taken by their parent’s
grandfather) by threatening to capture their cattle. This erupted into physical violence in the village and
as youngsters they came together to beat up the money-lender.
¾ Development of effective and efficient system of Paravets
A meeting was held in Dausa with the paravets to discuss on their functioning and role in the villages. Three
distinct points were mentioned.
a) Their presence has eased the villagers from any minor emergency veterinary care. The
villagers could call them and seek the medicine etc. which other wise was difficult due to nonavailability of vet doctors.
b) The second area mentioned was that of timely vaccination which did the villagers now
understand as proper preventive measure.
c) There was a constant tussle between the paravets and the Government animal husbandry
staff at the block levels who took them as threat to their income and were constantly spreading
misinformation.
In Dholpur the format was changed from meeting to self-responding on the following three questions:
1. What is the benefit of becoming a Para vet, personally to you?
2. What is the benefit of becoming Para vet for the villages?
3. What is the role of a Para vet in animal rearing?
The paravets were requested to respond the three questions without consulting each other. The responses are
mentioned below which has been translated in to English from the original Hindi which they had to respond.
Gopali, khirata wadi, passed 10th
1. We were trained through PRADAN at Udaipur for 3 months. Also we received training by AIPD, Baif in
Alwar dist. regarding the vaccination of animals & treatment. While doing this we received stipend from
PRADAN. We vaccinated the animals on time and also undertook De worming. With the help of the
packets received in the Paravet kit, we distributed the mixture to group. We are the members of the
animal rearing group. So we imparted the knowledge received by us to others in the group/ PRADAN and
the doctors at Dhaulpur taught us to do AI and de worming.
2. The benefits of our becoming paravets for the group are as mentioned here. The villagers who are
rearing animals get timely advice on de worming. The paravets can provide timely vaccination to the
animals in the village. Whenever an animal falls sick and we get the news, we see to it that the animal is
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
18
treated promptly. In case we find it difficult, we phone up the PRADAN doctor; who come to do the
treatment.
3. The role of the paravet in animal rearing is that he can help in Artificial insemination process can be
undertaken to improve the quality of the animals. The villages having animals can get advice on good
animal rearing practices, nutritional food, illnesses of animals etc. So the animals do not fall sick often.
Kuwarsingh Bhagora, passed 10th
1. Being a paravet, I can go talk to various people in the village. I have got a livelihood option which augments
my income.
2. The benefits of my becoming a para vet for the village are many such as now the villages do not have to call
other person from other village for the vaccination of the animals. If any animal is facing any health problems
they can come to me immediately. If any one’s buffalo dies then I advice that they should cremate her after
digging a deep hole. The villages get advice on de worming from time to time. If any one’s buffalo is sick and a
para vet gives some immediate treatment the animal can survive and later on can be shown to other doctor.
3. The role of a para vet in animal rearing is as mentioned here. We did not have any vet. In our village so we
had always to go to minimum 3-4 km to call a vet, who would then come to see the animal & treat them. Now
that we have para vet in the village, we do not have to take the animals to another village. The paravets can
do the artificial insemination which can improve the quality. Also the paravets keep advising for vaccination
and de worming from time to time.
Munshilal, Nagala Bhaderia. Passed 10th
1. The doctors from other villages used to come which is not required anymore. There is a livelihood opportunity
for all of us paravets. And also there is a good income by becoming a para vet. We do not have to go here and
there in search of work and we get new information
2. The doctors from other villages used to come which is not required anymore. Earlier buffalos used to die
before even the doctor arrives. Now it does not happen. The villagers benefit in number of ways such as they
would get new improved variety of quality animals etc. & thus progress.
3. Villagers who own poultry or other animals will be able to get more information say regarding the prevention
and control of various illnesses related to animals. The villagers would also understand the benefits of animal
rearing and this would lead to overall progress of the village & the country.
Prtamsingh Bhilgawa, passed 10th
1. The benefits of being a para vet are multifarious. We gain a good knowledge regarding animal rearing. We
can offer treatment to sick buffalos. Treating our animals well will help in better future by not having to lend
money from people.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
19
2. The benefits of being a para vet for the villagers are many such as they can go to call the vet even at night
whenever the buffalo is sick. The milk production will increase. The can pay the para vet after the treatment is
over. The vaccination of the animals would be done timely.
3. Young farmers would be able to do better work, thanks to the paravets. They could progress in good poultry,
fishery, goat rearing etc. they would have to save water properly as if they are saving money! They can
educate their children properly and do other works related to progress of the village such as schools, nalas in
the villages etc.
Suresh, Hanspura, passed 10th
1. Benefits of being a para vet are great. One treatment gives a equivalent to labour money. We learnt giving
injections. When we were not paravets, we had to wait to get labour work and then also work the entire day.
Being a para vet has given us a lot of knowledge regarding the animals, their illness and treatments. Now we
do not have to run around here & there.
2.
Earlier the para vet from other villages would ask for fees in advance. Now the treatment is done promptly.
Earlier saving a sick animal was very difficult. Now we know how to improve the quality of animals. The
villagers would benefit from better quality of buffaloes & better milk production.
3.
If we continue doing this work, we would understand better and in future would be able to give better
treatment. If the quality of animals improves then the animals in our country would be better. With such
support to poor people they can come up in life and would not have to face the hardships of poverty. We
should work better in future.
Jawaharsing, Gadhicharola, passed 10th
1. We benefited from becoming a para vet because we got knowledge about AI & PD. we also understood how to do
first aid and initial treatments for animals. We started getting some money. It also helped us to increase the
relationship with the villagers. We also understood regarding nutrition during the training.
2. The villagers do not get hassled any more. We can tell the villagers regarding good nutrition to the villagers. The
de worming is done on time. The quality of animals will improve and the milk production will also improve.
3. The paravets have helped increase the milk production in the village. Earlier there used to be sale of 8-9 litres of
milk; now it is 18-19 litters. The villagers are getting the services of paravets in their own villages. The farmers are
thinking that if the milk production increases like this, then he should go in for animal rearing only.
Omkar Singh, Bhugma ka nagala, Passed 10th
1. Being a paravet definitely augmented our income. We met up good people and learnt about animal rearing. We
also learnt about how to increase the milk production from our animals.
2. Being paravets in the village itself, the villagers get the services on time such as de worming, vaccination, artificial
insemination etc. they also get proper first aid and nutritional advice.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
20
3. Animal rearing is a good livelihood option. The villagers should get the advice on mixing calcium which will help
increase the milk production of the animals. The advice on artificial insemination would be helpful in producing
good quality animals. Timely vaccination, de worming and treatment would be helpful to the villagers.
Rajaram, gadarpura,failed 10th
1. Earlier I had no work; I used to be at home only. Now that I have become a para vet, I should be getting some
income. They have taught us some work and given knowledge. Later on as we keep working the knowledge will
grow and so will the income.
2. Being paravets has helped the villagers, because they get prompt treatment for their sick animals. Otherwise
earlier they had to go to other places for treatment. Sometimes they would get the doctor, so the treatment was
done but sometimes if they do not get the doctor, the animal would become sicker. & some times die. Also they
would have to spend more money. Now because the treatment is done promptly, they have to spend less money.
The role of a para vet in animal rearing is that if the number of animal grows then the business of the para vet
would grow. They would be able to advice regarding the good nutrition which will help in keeping good health and
hence the animals will not fall sick frequently. This scheme is very good to make paravets in villages. If this would
not have been there we would not have been paravets. This scheme is made for poverty eradication.
Specific visit was also given to meet the paravet in their villages. Jawharsingh lives in Ghadikachola, which has 64 SHG
members. Most of them have received 2 animals under the DPIP programme. Jawharsingh covers 7 to 8 villages. He is
trained in Artificial Insemination (AI) but unable to perform the same due to not having AI kit. There are approx. 900 – 1000
animals in the village itself and he feels he can earn enough within the village. He feels that he can earn upto Rs. 5000/- per
month if he has the AI kit as well, however currently his average earning is Rs. 125/- per day.
. A visit was given to Bithakapura in Nunhera Panchayat to meet Suresh who is the paravet in the village. The total no. of
members in the SHG under the DPIP programmes was 11, who received 2 buffaloes each. The village transact visit reveal
that animal management practice was not proper in this village as their shades were extremely unhygienic with no proper
drainage channel. Suresh did not have training in AI and PD. He gave a weekly visit to village with average 3 cases per day.
Talking with him did not reveal much enthusiasm on his work.
. Omkarsingh hails from the village Nagala Bhuma from Ratanpur Panchayat of Baseri block. His family owns 8 animals
with 30 litres of milk per day which is given to the mother dairy. A very active paravet does approx. 6 AI’s, 2 PD’s and 8 to
10 treatment. This fetches him an average amount of Rs. 200/- to 250/- per day. Being in heavy demand within and
surrounding villages he is unable to meet the demand due to not having a motorcycle, which he plans to buy soon.
Extremely entrepreneuring, he is a live example of the importance of intermediary function in the village where there is an
absence of full vet care.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
21
¾ Marketing –. At Dausa the producers are selling milk to District Milk Cooperatives Union of Rajasthan
Cooperative Dairy Federation (RCDF) as well as private buyers. During the lean period also members got
good prices (up to Rs 14/ lit). The rearers are getting reasonable prices wherever it is linked to Govt. dairy in
comparison to Dudhiyas who procure milk at a much lower rate. At Dholpur a system has been developed to
collect milk of the dairy groups and further helped with milk procurement through a hired vehicle and the
collected milk is poured in the installed chilling unit put up through SRTT fund. The project has negotiated with
Mother Dairy for procurement on a sustainable basis. The arrangement is running successfully. However the
foremost challenge still remains regarding bringing the majority members in the group to pour their milk in
Govt. dairy. Their dependence on local Dudhiyas for emergency cash for consumption needs to be reduced
which should be strategized in the project design stage. Otherwise the members will have very little chance to
come out of the debt trap.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
22
CONCLUSIONS
The following conclusions have been derived based on the assessment of the project design and project outcomes.
Project design
The project design including its objectives is very well formulated because it is able to target the main issues that need to be
resolved in the project site such as augmenting income through sustainable livelihood activities. These are the major issues
concerning the local people as well as the region that has been prioritized by this project. The funds for the implementation
of the project are adequate and the efficiency of the project leaders and members in managing, coordinating and facilitating
the activities are commendable because they are able to reach the targets and intended beneficiaries. Even the inputs from
external stakeholders, such as banks the bata of bank linkage can come handy in this case are fully extended to ensure the
success of the project. Although there are some activities that are not successfully implemented, the overall assessment of
the project design is that it was excellently devised in the context of the DPIP project design. The application of this design
may not necessarily work in other places due to reasons such as cultural as well as intensity of community politics, but the
lessons learned can be shared and may be adapted to suit needs in respective localities.
Project results
The activities of this project are well planned that every aspect of the objectives were addressed. However the baseline
survey should have included indicators to assess the average family debt so that a pilot action research could have been
initiated to understand ways & means of multi intervention package needed to address this complex phenomena. The
processes are very good because it provides all the important details needed to identify and prioritize the issues in the area.
The add on activities many of which remains invisible are very significant in the understanding and learning process of the
local people regarding the their capacities, interests, intra community dynamics and the extent of need. The local
businesses and their engagement in other activities of the villages are very significant as well because these provided them
with alternative and/or additional sources of income to sustain their daily needs. More importantly, the dissemination of
information through support level training along with basic materials on veterinary care to local people is a great way to
keep them updated with and alert.
Balanced Development with PQLI Factor
The model developed and implemented by PRADAN can be termed as unilateral income augmenting model rather than a
balanced model of development with sufficient emphasis on Physical Quality of Life Index factor. The impression gathered
was through some of the basic questions asked to the SHG members across Dholpur and Dausa was that, whether they
discussed anything else other than savings and credits to which, the answer was “No”. This leads to the eternal
interrogation of the parameters and indicators of women’s empowerment. As on one hand there was a clear indication of
income being augmented in the family, on the other hand young girls being made to sit hungry and traumatized in daylight
sun including nights for praying to the rain god – An accepted norm found in several parts of Dholpur. However, this is not in
the case of male child. Looking at the general demographic pattern there seems to be massive gender gap in literacy, which
continues to drop from primary to secondary education. The nutritional level of the girl child remains to be visibly poor as
compare to the male counterpart. To effectively enhance the women’s status and address the gender issue, PRADAN
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
23
needs to work on empowerment indicators that are both qualitative as well as quantitative. The feeling gathered through
various interactions with PRADAN staff was that “social indicators may be important but it is not within our parameter of
work.” As a Social Planner, I find it hard to accept as to how does one address poverty without integrating other facets of
development. It must be appreciated that there is also a “backward and forward linkage to Livelihood” that cannot be
ignored if the objective is poverty alleviation which is a sum total of composite indicators.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
24
Annexure I
An analysis of the work pattern of women can be seen from the graph below. As it is inferred, the largest category is of the
non-working population. This is followed by the marginal workers. The village Bhilgawan has the lowest main working
category amongst females which is in the Dhaulpur district and Baroli in Dausa district has the highest main working
Chart showing Percentage & Types of Occupation
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Name of Village
Cult ivat or s
Agr icult urist s
Household Indust r ies
Ot her workers
Percentage-wise cultivation is the most popular occupation, followed by other work. Baroli and Bhilgawan are the two villages
where visit was undertaken, show the cultivation as the prime occupation of the women whereas Aari, Khirana and Hanspura
have other work as the prime occupation. The villages Kundal and Mahsara Kalan in Dausa district also have household
industry as an occupation of women.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
25
Chart showing Percentage & Types of Occupation
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Aari
Khirana/
Aligarh
Bapi
Baroli
Bhilgawan
Boroda
Gadarpura
Hanspura
Kundal
Mahsarakalan
Sindoli
Other workers
58
58.5
3.6
2
2
4.5
36.2
69.6
17.9
6.2
8.7
Household Industries
1.9
0
0.2
0
0
0
0
1
16.7
9
0.6
Agriculturists
1.1
6.5
21.7
4.6
2
2.6
10.2
1.3
14.4
10.7
6
Cultivators
39
34.9
74.4
93.4
96.1
92.9
53.7
28.1
51.1
74.2
84.7
Name of Village
Cultivators
Agriculturists
Household Industries
Other workers
Comparing the gender-wise share of work participation which is depicted in the chart below it can be noted that the non-working
category is dominated by the female followed by the marginal workers. The village Bhilgawan in Dhaulpur district and Mahsara
Kalan in Dhaulpur district have the highest number of non-working female population. Baroli in Dausa district has the best status
of women as main workers. In Baroli, the percentage of women is more as far as main work is concerned as against their male
counterparts. Bhilgawan shows the lowest main work participation of females which is in the Dhaulpur district.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
26
Khirana/
Aari Aligarh Bapi
BaroliBhilgawanBorodaGadarpura
HanspuraKundal
Mahsarakalan
Sindoli
Gender-wise Comparison of Share of Work participation
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Main
Workers
Female
Male
Male
Marginal
Workers
Female
Male
Non
Workers
Female
Female
To discuss the status of
Dausa district, Mahsara
Kalan has the highest
percentage of non-working
female population which is
approximately 85%. This is
followed by Boroda and Bapi,
which are 66% and 64%
respectively. Baroli has the
lowest number of working
population
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Participation %age
.
KundalMahsarakalanSindoli
Boroda
Female
Female
Bapi
Female
Baroli
Genderw ise Category of Work Partiipation(Dausa)
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Male
Male
Female
Male
0
10
20
30
Main Workers
40
50
Marginal Workers
60
70
80
90
Non Workers
Baroli has the best position of women in the working category which is approximately 52% as
compared to their male counterparts which is approximately 48%. The average main work
participation of females is 682 and males is 700. Similarly the average non-workers amongst females
is 42.7% and males is 50.8%.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
27
Female
Female
Female
Khirana/ Aligarh
Gadarpura
Male
Bhilgawan
Hanspura
Genderwise Work Participation (Dholpur)
Male
Non
Workers
Male
Marginal
Workers
Female
Male
Main
Workers
Aari
Female
The status of Dhaulpur district
depicts that Bhilgawan has
the highest non-working
population amongst women
which is followed by Aari.
Khirana has the largest
marginal worker population
amongst females which is
followed by Hanspura. In
Gadarpura
the
work
participation amongst men
and women is somewhat
balanced
Male
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
%age of Work
.
Work Participation Rate
30.7, 6%
43.6, 8%
53.3, 10%
63.4, 13%
53.2, 10%
41, 8%
53, 10%
58.2, 11%
61.8, 12%
39, 7%
27.8, 5%
Aari
Khirana/ Aligarh
Bapi
Baroli
Bhilgawan
Boroda
Gadarpura
Hanspura
Kundal
Mahsarakalan
Sindoli
The pie-chart below depicts the work participation rate of
all the villages visited. Khirana in Dholpur district, which
comes under Bari block, shows the highest work
participation rate of 63.4% followed by Gadarpura in the
same district, which is 61.8%. Bhilgawan has the least
work participation rate of 27.8% in the same district
followed by Mahsara Kalan in Dausa district, which is
30.7%. Both Kundal and Baroli in Dausa district have the
same work participation rate of 53.2%. the average work
participation rate of the villages visited comes to 47.72%
which means the work participation rate can be
enhanced through multiple livelihood options. Also from
the occupational pattern seen in the tables above, the
largest number of people continue to remain farm
labourers. With an average of approximately 40% of the
males as main workers and less than 25% of the
females makes it an extremely grim development
scenario. There is also a very high rate of people
seeking outside employment proves that alternate
employment possibilities need to be harnessed so that
income is augmented appropriately.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
28
A visit was undertaken in the Tonk district which also is a DPIP district. SRIJAN is the nodal NGO as a DPIP
partner. The visit was made to observe the activities of a cluster know as ‘Parvati Sankul’. This cluster has 12
SHGs spread over four villages. It has altogether 141 members with an average membership of about 12 per
SHG. With an average attendance of 91% all the members took active part in the cluster meeting. In addition to
the savings that they make in their own SHGs, they also contribute for savings in the cluster. Thus, there is a
bank account both at the SHG as well as the cluster level. The transaction in terms of lending rules has been
made differently in SHG and Cluster. While in the SHG lending rules, a member can repay in installments, in
the Cluster, the repayment must be done in the next meeting, which is in a month’s time. All the members in
the Cluster and within the SHGs are members of the Milk Federation. There are several milk collection centers
where milk is poured and fat testing is done. Further, the milk is collected by Mother Dairy and in some cases
by the State dairy. All the members have been inducted with buffaloes which is the preferred milch animal in
the area as compared to cows. The cow’s milk though larger in quantity, is not preferred due to its low fat
content.
Group
Village
Laxmi MBS
Expected
Monthly
savings
per
member Saving Expected
No Of
Savings till
No of
Attendance Meetings (Rs.)this This
month
Month this month
Members (in %)
so far
Actual
Savings till
this month
Amount of
internal
lending till
last month
Bhanoli
16
92
109
640
640
17440
17440
9600
Hanuman
Bajoli
Shiv Shanker Bhanoli
11
13
84
95
108
24
440
520
450
520
11880
3120
11870
3120
7600
2500
Laxmi MBS
Badoli
12
83
101
480
450
12120
12070
6500
Balaji
Badoli
11
91
127
440
410
13970
13760
4000
Shiv Shanker Badoli
12
98
20
480
480
2400
2400
1500
Laxmi MBS
Badoli
13
98
18
520
520
2340
2340
1600
Chottmata
Badoli
12
99
18
480
480
2160
2160
1400
Sagas Baba Sangrampura
10
75
104
400
440
10400
10120
0
Laxmi MBS
Sangrampura
11
91
102
440
440
11220
10676
700
Guru nanak
Badoli
10
90
105
400
400
10500
10470
600
Diya Mata
Sangrampura
10
92
104
400
400
10400
10400
6000
141
91
78
470
5630
107950
106826
42000
From the table below, it can be inferred that the average savings of a month is Rs.470/- per member with the total
savings in the month of April 07 recorded as Rs.5630/-. The expected savings from April 06 to March 07 was Rs.
107950/- and the actual savings was Rs. 106826/- . the total amount of internal lending done by the Cluster was
Rs. 42000/- till March 07.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
29
Group
Village
Amount of
Internal Lending Total internal
No of Members this Month
lending
Bank Balance
(Saving A/C)
Cumulative
internal Lending
Laxmi MBS
Bhanoli
16
4900
14500
1000
80000
Hanuman
Bajoli
11
1500
9100
700
52000
Shiv Shanker
Bhanoli
13
500
3000
0
6500
Laxmi MBS
Badoli
12
3100
9600
400
47350
Balaji
Badoli
11
7550
11550
400
85850
Shiv Shanker
Badoli
12
0
1500
0
1800
Laxmi MBS
Badoli
13
200
1800
0
2000
Chottmata
Badoli
12
100
1500
0
1800
Sagas Baba
Sangrampura
10
5000
5000
1200
22150
Laxmi MBS
Sangrampura
11
5370
6070
900
34640
Guru nanak
Badoli
10
5100
5700
400
42600
Diya Mata
Sangrampura
10
2000
8000
400
35000
141
35320
77320
5400
411690
From the table below, it is
understood that in the month
of April 07there was a total
internal lending of Rs.
35320/-. The bank balance of
the all the SHGs put together
was Rs. 5400/-. The
cumulative lending of the
Cluster shows a figure of Rs.
411690/- since inception. The
highest amount of transaction
has been recorded with Balaji
Mahila Bachat Samiti from
Badoli village with Rs. 85850.
this is remarkable given that
the number of members in
this SHG is only 11. Similarly
in the same village, Shiv
Shankar Mahila Bachat
Samiti which has 12
members shows a cumulative
lending of Rs. 1800/-
SRIJAN as an organisation has an excellent rapport with the villagers. As an organization it has a well-established
trust amongst the members of the SHG. The main emphasis given by SRIJAN was towards forward linkages, which has
been achieved substantially well. Almost all the SHGs and their members are linked with the main federation and the
influence of local ‘dudhiayas’ has been significantly reduced. However SRIJAN’s backward linkages is weak as compared to
that of PRADAN. This includes the vet care, which continues to remain grim in the district. The district of Tonk is
comparatively an area of moderate rainfall within Rajasthan hence fodder in general did not seem to be a problem. Training
programmes on vet care management are well-established phenomena which was evident from our visit to various
households where improved animal sheds were visible. With a professional team, SRIJAN is able to well-establish the
scientific veterinary care in the villages.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
30
Annexure II
Profile of the villages visited : A total number of 12 villages were visited in two districts. In addition to FGD with the
members of SHG, a transect walk was taken in each of these villages to gather a general impression. Secondary data was
the main source for analyzing and building profile of each of the villages visited. Three main components was looked into
while profiling:
i)
What is the general demography?
ii)
What is the comparative literacy level and gender gap? Qualify and substantiate the need for the demography
iii)
Gender wise how is the work participation compared?
Aari General Demography
'Total
Population
06Years'
'Total
Population'
1478
'Total SC
Population'
344
'Total
Literates'
186
'Number of
Household'
789
'Sex ratio 'Literacy
Sex ratio 0-6 Years' Rate'
256
796
1012
69.6
Ari, which is also a Panchayat is a village under Dholpur block. The total population of the village is 1478 with 0 to 6
population being 344. There is a total of 186 SC population with no tribal population in the village. There are a total of 789
people reported literate with male literacy being 576 and female being 213. The general sex ratio is 796 whereas the sex
ratio for 0 to 6 is 1012. The female literacy is 44% and the village has 66% as male literacy. The village has shown an
improvement in gender indicator with high male female child sex ratio.
Aari General Demography (Male and Female)
'Male
Population'
'Female
Population
06Years'
'Female
Population'
823
655
'Female SC
Population'
173
'Female
Literates'
76
'Male
Population
06Years'
213
'Male SC
Population'
171
'Male
Literates'
110
576
Aari General Occupational Statistics
'Total
'Percentage
Working
'Percentage Marginal
Population' Main Worker' Worker'
645
25.9
'Percentage
Non Worker'
17.7
'Percentage
Cultivators'
56.4
Percentage 'Percentage 'Work
'Percentage Household Other
Participatio
Agriculturals' Industries workers'
n Rate'
51.8
2.3
2.8
43.1
43.6
Ari has a total of 645 as working population with 25.9% as main worker and 17.7 % as marginal worker. The non-worker is
56.4% which means that the livelihood load per family is very high as against the income. There are 51.8 % of the working
population are the cultivators and 43.1% are other workers. There is only 2.3% are agriculturist with an average of 43.6%
work participation rate.
Aari Occupational Statistics (Gender-wise)
Working
Population'
'Percentage 'Percentage(
(Main
Marginal
'Percentage 'Percentage
Worker)'
Worker)'
(Non Worker)' (Cultivators)'
'Male
376
37.9
7.8
54.3
Female
269
10.8
30.2
58.9
Percentage 'Percentage
Percentage (Household (Other
(Agriculturalist) Industries) workers')
3.2
3.5
60.9
32.4
39
1.1
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
1.9
58
31
The male working population is 37.9% with 7.8% as marginal worker. 60.9% are cultivators and as high as 54.3% are non
workers.
Contrastingly from the table below it can be inferred that 30.2% of the female working population are the marginal workers
and only 10.8% are main workers. The non working population amongst female are 58.9%. Most of the women are other
workers followed by 39% as cultivators.
Aligarh General Demography
'Total
Population'
'Total
Population
06Years'
2093
'Total SC
Population'
467
'Total
Literates'
188
'Number of
Household'
895
Sex 'Sex ratio 'Literacy
ratio 06 Years' Rate'
262 870
914
55
The village Khirana is a part of Aligarh Panchayat. It is a hamlet within the Panchayat who come under the purview of the
DPIP project. Khirana is not a designated Census village hence the Census detail could not be gathered. However the
characteristics of the Panchayat village that is Aligarh has a total population of 2093 and has a 0 to 6 population of 467.
With an average literacy rate of 55% the village has 262 households. Out of a total of 895 literate in the village 617 are male
and 278 are female this makes 71% male literacy rate and only 37% as female literate. Thus there is a 34% gender gap in
the village. The village has an average sex ratio of 870 with marginally improved rate of 914 in the 0 to 6 population.
Aligarh General Demography (Male / Female)
Sex
Population'
Male
Female
Population SC
06Years' Population'
1119
974
244
223
Literates'
102
86
617
278
Aligarh General Occupational Statistics
'Total
'Percentage
'Percentage
Working
Marginal
Main Worker'
Population'
Worker'
1326
22.2
'Percentage
Non Worker'
41.2
'Percentage
Cultivators'
36.6
'Percentage
'Percentage
Household
Agriculturals'
Industries'
49.7
8.1
'Work
Participation
Rate'
'Percentage Other
workers'
0.2
42
63.4
Aligarh has a work participation of 63.4% with 1326 people as working population. However 22.2% are main workers with
higher share of 41.2% as marginal workers. Most of the population are cultivators and only 8.1% as agriculturist. There is
negligible amount of household industries which has less than 1% of the share of the work.
From the table below it can be seen that as high as 25.5% of the working male population are marginal workers and 28.4%
belong to other workers category. The difference of non workers between male and female is only 3.7% with female being
marginally higher than men that is 38.6%.
Aligarh Occupational Statistics (Gender-wise)
'Percentag
'Percentage
'Percentag
Percentage
e
'Percentage
Percentage
(Main
e
(Household
(Marginal (Non Worker)'
Agriculturalist'
Worker)'
Cultivators'
Industries)'
Worker)'
Male
Female
Percentage
(Other
workers)'
39.6
25.5
34.9
61.8
9.3
0.4
28.4
2.2
59.2
38.6
34.9
6.5
0
58.5
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
32
Bapi General Demography (Male / Female)
Total
'Total
Total
'Total SC 'Total ST
'Number of Sex
Population
Literates
Population'
Population' Population'
Household' ratio
06Years'
'
2815
568
245
163
1172
429
'Sex ratio
06Years'
857
'Literacy
Rate'
925
52.2
Bapi is a village Panchayat located in Dhausa block in Dhausa district. It is substantially big village with a total population of
2815. There is a small tribal population of 163 people and SC population of 245. Together they constitute 14.5% of the total
population. The literacy rate of the village is 52.2% in 429 households.
The male literacy rate is 72% with 880 being the absolute literate figure. As against the male literacy of 72% the female
literacy is only 28.46% thus making a clear gender gap of 43.54%. The general sex ratio is 857 however the 0 to 6 sex ratio
is 925 which shows marginal futuristic improvement.
Bapi General Demography (Male / Female)
'Male
' Population' Population
0-6Years'
'Male SC
Population'
'Male ST
Population'
'Male
Literates'
Male
1516
295
130
79
880
Female
1299
273
115
84
292
Out of a total of 2815, the working population constitute to 1153, which makes a work participation rate of 41%. The non
working population is 59% that gives a large scope of increased livelihood options. Cultivators dominate the type of
occupation with 52.5% followed by Other workers which is 33.1%. Agriculturals account to 13.9% and a very small
population of 0.5% is also engaged in household industries in Bapi.
Bapi General Occupational Statistics
'Percentag
'Total
Percentag Percentage Percentage
'Work
Percentage Percentage e
'Percentage
Name Working e Main
Marginal Non
Participation
Cultivators' Agricultural' (Household Other workers'
Population' Worker' Worker'
Worker'
Rate'
Industries)'
Bapi
1153
37.4
3.5
59
52.5
0.5
13.9
33.1
41
The male population who dominate the percentage of main workers which is 44% and only 1.1% are marginal workers.
However, as far as the type of occupation, most of them are engaged in other works followed by 37.4% engaged as
cultivators.
Bapi Occupational Statistics (Gender-wise)
'Percentage 'Percentag 'Percentag
'Working
'Percentage
(Main
e (Marginal e (Non
Population'
Cultivators'
Worker)'
Worker)' Worker)'
'Percentage
'Percentage (Household
Agriculturals' Industries)'
Percentage
(Other
workers)'
Male
684
44
1.1
54.9
37.4
8.5
0.7
53.4
Female
469
29.8
6.3
63.9
74.4
21.7
0.2
3.6
Female on the other hand has a high percentage of non workers which is 63.9% with a dominating occupation pattern as
cultivators which is 74.4%. 21.7% of the women are agriculturals and only 3.6% of the women are engaged in other works.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
33
Baroli General Demography
'Total
Population'
'Total
'Total
'Total SC 'Total ST
'Number of Sex
Population
Literates
Population' Population'
Household' ratio
06Years'
'
2776
540
162
1181
1079
414
'Sex ratio
06Years'
886
'Literacy
Rate'
862
48.3
Baroli is a village Panchayat in Dhausa block. The village has a total population of 2776 with a male population of 1472 and
female population of 1304. It is a village dominated by Scheduled Tribes having a population of 1181 which constitute to
42.5% of the total population. With an average low literacy rate of only 48.3% the number of literates are 1079. The male
literacy rate 70.9% whereas the female literacy rate is 22.77%. This brings a huge gender gap of 48.2% in the literacy level.
The average sex ratio is 886. However, the 0 to 6 sex ratio is 862 which is even lower than the average. A point to be noted
here that inspite of having a tribal domination of over 40% of the population, the sex ratio is very low which is a matter of
concern.
Baroli General Demography (Male / Female)
‘Male
‘Male
Population
Population’
06Years’
‘Male SC
Population’
‘Male ST
Population’
‘Male
Literates’
Male
1472
290
95
600
839
Female
1304
250
67
581
240
As far as the work pattern is concerned the table below depicts that the total working population of the village is 1471 with
49.8% as main workers and only 3.2 workers as marginal workers. The village also has a high percentage i.e. 47% as non
workers making a work participation rate of 53%. Cultivators dominate the occupation being 80.9% and only 14.2% are
engaged in other works. A small 4.4% of the population have agricultural land.
'Total
Working
Population'
Baroli General Occupational Statistics
Percentage
Percentage Percentage
'Percentag 'Work
'Percentage
Percentage Percentage Household
Marginal Non
e Other
Participation
Industries'
Main Worker'
Cultivators' Agricultural'
Worker'
Worker'
workers' Rate'
1471
49.8
3.2
47
80.9
0.5
4.4
14.2
53
Baroli Occupational Statistics (Gender-wise)
'Percentag 'Percentage( 'Percentag 'Percentag
Percentage
' Working
'Percentage
e (Main
Marginal
e (Non
e(
(Household
Population'
(Agricultural)'
Worker)' Worker)'
Worker)' Cultivators)'
Industries)'
'Percentage
(Other
workers)'
Male
724
47.6
1.6
50.8
68
4.3
1
26.8
'Female
747
52.3
5
42.7
93.4
4.6
0
2
Comparing the occupation by gender, the women have the larger share of men work with 52.3% as against men who are
47.6%. As high as 50.8% of the male are non workers as compared to 42.7% of the women. While 93.4% women are
cultivators and 4.6% are agriculturists, 68% of the male are cultivators and 4.3% are agriculturists. A large number of male
i.e. 26.8% are engaged in other works as compare to only 2% of the female.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
34
Bhilgawan General Demography
'Total
Population'
'Total
'Total
Population 0Literates'
6 Years'
1054
246
Sex ratio
393
'Sex ratio 'Literacy
0-6 Years' Rate'
875
922
48.6
Bhilgawan is a village under the district of Dholpur which approximately 15 kms from the district headquarters. It has a total
population of 1054 and a literacy rate of 48.6%. While the average sex ratio is 875, there is an enhancement in the 0 to 6
sex ratio 922. The male literacy rate is 66.9% whereas the female literacy rate is 30% which makes a clear gender gap of
36.9%.
Bhilgawan General Demography (Sex-wise)
'Female
Population
06Years'
'Female
Population'
'Female
Literates'
Male
562
128
292
Female
492
118
101
Bhilgawan General Occupational statistics
Percentage
'Total
'Total
Percentage 'Percentag 'Percentag
'Total Main
'Total Non
Percentage Household
Working
Marginal
Marginal e Non
e
Worker'
Worker'
Agricultural' Industries'
Population'
Worker'
Worker'
Worker'
Cultivators'
293
236
57
761
5.4
72.2
74.1
1.4
Percentage 'Work
Other
Participation
workers' Rate'
0
24.6
27.8
Bhilgawan has a abysmally low work participation rate of only 27.8%. With a total working population of 293 there are 761
persons as non workers. Majority of them are main workers and the dominating occupation is cultivation which is 74.1%.
There is a small population having land holding which is 1.4% as agriculturists. 24.6% are engaged in other works, the
village as no household industries.
Working 'Non
Population' Workers'
'Male
'Female
Percentage
'Percentag 'Percentag 'Percentag 'Percentag 'Percentag
Percentage
(Household
e (Main
e( Marginal e( Non
e
e
(Other
Industries)'
Worker)' Worker)' Worker)' Cultivators' Agricultural'
workers)'
242
320
40.4
2.7
56.9
69.4
1.2
0
29.3
51
441
1.8
8.5
89.6
96.1
2
0
2
40% of the male are main workers with only 2.7% as marginal workers. While 56.9% of the male are non workers, as high
as 89.6% women do not have any work. The women who are engaged in work, high percentage of them (96.1%) are
engaged as cultivators. Only 2% of the women are engaged in other works as compared to their male counterparts which is
29.3%.
Boroda General Demography
'Total
Population'
1562
'Total
Population
06Years'
310
'Total SC
Population'
180
'Total ST
Population'
1144
'Total
Literates'
673
'Number of
Household'
Sex 'Sex ratio
ratio 06Years'
217 945
1081
'Literacy
Rate'
53.8
Boroda under Dhausa block is approximately 40 kms from the district town. It has a total population of 1562 with high tribal
domination of 1144 which makes 73.2% of the total population. The average sex ratio is 945 with a much better 0 to 6 sex
ratio which is 1081. 53.8% of the population are literate. However, in the table below it’s also clearly seen that there is a big
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
35
gender gap in literacy that is only 162 out of 759 women are literate as compare to 511 out of 803 male population. Thus
the literacy gap is 51% which is extremely high.
Boroda General Demography (Sex-wise)
'Male
Population
06Years'
'Male
Population'
Name
'Male SC
Population'
'Male ST
Population'
'Male
Literates'
Male
803
149
97
586
511
Female
759
161
83
558
162
With a work participation rate of 39% there are altogether 609 people engaged in active work. 36.2% are main workers and
2.8% are marginal workers.
Name
Boroda General Occupational Statistics
Percentage
Percentag
'Total
'Percentag Percentage
'Work
'Percentage
e
'Percentage (Household 'Percentage
Working
e Marginal Non
Participation
Main Worker'
Cultivators Agricultural' Industries)' Other workers'
Population'
Worker'
Worker'
Rate'
'
0.5
609
36.2
2.8
61
75.4
3.3
20.9
39
As high as 61% of the population are non workers putting a heavy load on the family income. 75.4% population are
engaged as cultivators and 20.9% are engaged in other works. Most of the women are engaged in cultivation work i.e.
92.9% and only 4.5% are engaged in other works as compare to 61.8% of the male are engaged as cultivators and as high
as 33.5% are engaged in other works.
The male dominate the share of main workers with 41.6% as compare to 30.4% of female who are main workers. 57.3% of
the male population and 65% of the female respectively are not engaged in any work. There is a small percentage of male
which is approximately 1% are engaged in household industries.
Boroda General Occupational Statistics (Gender wise)
Name
Male
Female
'Male
'Percentage 'Percentage
'Percentage
Working
(Male Marginal (Male Non
(Male Worker)'
Population'
Worker)'
Worker)'
343
266
41.6
30.4
Percentage 'Percentage
Cultivators' Agricultural'
1.1
57.3
4.6
65
61.8
3.8
Percentage male 'Percentage
(Household
(Male Other
Industries)'
workers)'
0.9
33.5
2.6
92.9
0
4.5
Dhaulpur block has both rural and urban population with rural population being 69439 and the urban population being
25319. the overall work participation rate is 33.2% with rural share being 37% and the urban rate being 25.9%. as such the
district scenario of the working population is very low and the scope for multiple livelihood options can be explored. As per
the table below, the average occupation of the block is that of cultivators with only 7.3% of the population possessing land.
Dhaulpur General Occupational Statistics
Tru
'Percentage
'Total Working 'Percentage Marginal
Population'
Main Worker' Worker'
'Percentage
Non Worker'
'Percentag 'Percentag 'Work
e
e
Participation
Cultivators' Agricultural' Rate'
Total
94758
25.1
8.1
66.8
43.9
7.3
33.2
Rural
69439
26.9
10.1
63
58.5
9.1
37
Urban
25319
21.6
4.3
74.1
3.9
2.2
25.9
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
36
The gender wise comparison shows that the male has 40.3% share of the main work as compared to the female who has
only 7%. On the other hand 11.4% of the females are marginal workers as compared to 5.3% as their male counterparts.
Comparing the rural urban population 42% of the male are main workers as compared to 37% in the rural areas, whereas
the marginal workers are equally distributed as 5.3% in both rural and urban areas.
Dhaulpur General Occupational Statistics (Male)
Total
Rural
Urban
'Male
Working
Population'
'Percentage(Male
Worker)'
70713
48521
22192
40.3
42
37
'Percentage
(Male
Marginal
Worker)'
5.3
5.3
5.3
'Percentage
(Male Non
Worker)'
'Percentage
(Male
Cultivators)'
Percentage(Male
Agricultural)'
54.4
52.7
57.7
46.6
66
4.1
6.2
8.2
1.9
Though the percentage ofr female main workers is 7% on an average, it shows marginal variation in the urban areas i.e.
8.7% as compared to 3.8% in the rural areas. The non-working population is 54.4% amongst the males as compared to
81.5% amongst females. In the rural areas of the block, the census recorded 93.1% of the women as non-workers as
compared to 57.7% of the male counterpart.
Dhaulpur General Occupational Statistics (Female)
Name
'Female
Working
Population'
24045
20918
3127
Total
Rural
Urban
'Percentage
Female(Main
Worker)'
7
8.7
3.8
'Percentage
Female(Marginal
Worker)'
11.4
15.9
3.1
'Percentage
Female(Non
Worker)'
81.5
75.4
93.1
'Percentage
Female
Cultivators'
36.1
41.1
2.3
Percentage
Female
Agricultural'
10.3
11.2
4.5
The general demography of dhaulpur block shows a total population of 2,85,224 with the rural population being 1,87,429
and urban as 97,795. the total number of households are 41,445 . the overall sex ratio is 841 with rural sex ratio being 829
and urban being 864. the 0-6 sex ratio is 863 which shows marginal improvement as compared to the current situation. In
any case, the overall sex ratio of the district is lower than both state as well the national average. The overall literacy rate is
61.7% with rural being 57% and urban being 70%. 17.4% of the population is scheduled caste and 0.3% of the population
belongs to scheduled tribe.
Dhaulpur General Demography
'Total
Population'
'Total
Population
06Years'
'Total
Literates'
'Number of
Household'
Sex 'Sexratio 'Sex ratio 'Sex ratio 'Percentage
ratio 06Years' SC'
ST'
SC'
'Percentage
ST'
'Literacy
Rate'
Name
Tru
Dhaulpur
Total
285224
61934
137735
41445 841
857
863
717
17.4
0.3
61.7
Dhaulpur
Rural
187429
44037
81787
26570 829
870
854
917
18.5
0.1
57
Dhaulpur
Urban
97795
17897
55948
14875 864
826
883
657
15.4
0.5
70
Dhaulpur has a total of 154941 as male population and 130283 as female population. 92209 of the male population is
literate,which is 75.83%. the total female literate population is 45526 which is 44.76%. this makes a clear gender gap of
31.07% in literacy.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
37
Dhaulpur General Demography (Sex-wise)
'Male
Population
06Years'
'Male
Population'
Tru
'Male
Literates'
'Female
Population'
'Female Population
06Years'
'Female Literates'
Total
154941
33351
92209
130283
28583
45526
Rural
102475
23549
58166
84954
20488
23621
Urban
52466
9802
34043
45329
8095
21905
Gadarpura is a small village which is approximately 18 kms. from the district town. The total population of the village is 642
with 88 households. The 0-6 population is 175. a total of 93 belong to scheduled caste and 215 are scheduled tribes. Thus
the village is dominated by the backward communities. The average sex ratio is 911 with 0-6 population being 966. the
average literacy rate is 47.5% with male literacy being 63.15% and female literacy rate being 30% which makes a gender
gap of 33.15%.
Gadarpura General Demography
Name
Gadarpura
'Total
Population'
'Total
Population
06Years'
642
'Total SC
Population'
175
'Total ST
Population'
93
'Total
Literates'
215
'Number of
Household'
222
Sex ratio
88
'Sex ratio 'Literacy
06Years' Rate'
911
966
47.5
Gadarpura General Demography (Sex-wise)
Population'
Population
06Years'
'SC
Population'
ST
Population'
Literates'
Male
336
89
52
113
156
Female
306
86
41
102
66
The total working population of Gadarpura is 397 which is 61.8%. 38.3% are main workers and 23.5% are marginal
workers. Amongst the working population, 56.4% are cultivators and only 5.5% have agricultural land. There is no
household industry in this village. With a work participation rate of 61.8%, 38% of the total occupation belongs to the other
category.
Gadarpura General Occupational Statistics
'Total
Working
Population'
'Percentage
Main Worker'
397
'Percentage
Marginal
Worker'
38.3
'Percentage
Non Worker'
23.5
'Percentage
Cultivators'
38.2
'Percentage
Agriculturals'
56.4
'Percentage
'Work Participation
Other workers' Rate'
5.5
38
61.8
46.1% of the main working category belongs to male population as compared to 29.7% as female. There is considerably
high marginal workers amongst males as well, which is 19.3% as compared to 28.1% females. The table below depicts that
58.6% are cultivators amongst males and 53.7% of the females are engaged in cultivation. 1.8% of the males and 10.2% of
the females are agriculturists. As high as 39.5% of the males and 36.2% of the females are engaged in other work.
Gadarpura General Occupational Statistics (Gender wise)
Percentage Percentage
Working
'Percentage(Main
'Percentage 'Percentage 'Percentage
(Marginal (Non
Population' Worker)'
Cultivators' Agricultural' Other workers'
Worker)' Worker)'
Male
220
46.1
19.3
34.5
58.6
1.8
39.5
Female
177
29.7
28.1
42.2
53.7
10.2
36.2
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
38
Nunhera has a total population of 1556 which is a Panchayat village. The 0-6 population is 351 with a sex ratio of 738 and
average sex ratio of 801. The 0-6 sex ratio seems to be abysmally low and the trend seems to be declining from the current
ratio. A matter which needs to be immediately looked into. A total of 696 people belong to scheduled caste which is 44.73%.
Nunhera/Hanspura General Demography (Sex-wise)
Name
'Total
Population'
Nunhera
'Total
Population
06Years'
1556
'Total SC
Population'
351
'Total
Literates'
696
'Number of
Household'
743
Sex ratio
270
'Sex ratio 'Literacy
06Years' Rate'
801
738
61.7
The total male population is 864 of which 202 belong to the 0-6 age group. The literacy rate amongst males is 80.36%. the
total women population is 692 with 149 in the 0-6 age group. The total number of literate women in the village is 211 which
is 38.85%. thus there is a huge literacy gap of 41.51%.
Nunhera/Hanspura General Demography (Sex-wise)
Population'
Population
06Years'
SC
Population'
Literates'
Male
864
202
385
532
Female
692
149
311
211
Nunhera shows a total working population of 905 with a work participation rate of 58.2%. Thus, 41.8% is non-working
population. Only 1.8% are engaged as agriculturists and 45% are cultivators. There is a small population of 1.7% which is
engaged in household industries and as high as 51.5% are engaged in other activities.
Nunhera/Hanspura General Occupational Statistics
'Total
Working
Population'
905
'Percentage 'Percentage
Main
Marginal
Worker'
Worker'
31.6
'Percentage
Non Worker'
26.5
'Percentage
Cultivators'
41.8
'Work
'Percentage
Participation
Other workers'
Rate'
'Percentage
'Percentage
Household
Agriculturals'
Industries'
45.1
1.8
1.7
51.5
58.2
The total male working population is 507 out of which 42.6% are main workers and 16.1% are marginal workers. The
primary occupation continues to be cultivation which is 58.4% followed by other work which is 37.3%. Both agriculturists as
well as household industry have a share of less than 3%.
Nunhera/Hanspura General Occupational Statistics (Gender wise)
'Male
Working
Population'
'Percentage
'Percentage(
(Marginal
Main Worker)'
Worker)'
'Percentage(Non 'Percentage
Worker)'
Cultivators'
Percentage
'Percentage
'Percentage
(Male
Household
Agricultural'
Other
Industries'
workers)'
Male
507
42.6
16.1
41.3
58.4
2.2
2.2
37.3
Female
398
17.9
39.6
42.5
28.1
1.3
1
69.6
The total female working population is 398 with main working population as 17.9% and 39.6% as marginal workers.69.6% of
the women is engaged in other work followed by 28.1% as cultivators. Less than 2%of the population is engaged as
agriculturists and household industriesNunhera shows a total working population of 905 with a work participation rate of
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
39
58.2%. Thus, 41.8% is non-working population. Only 1.8% are engaged as agriculturists and 45% are cultivators. There is a
small population of 1.7% which is engaged in household industries and as high as 51.5% are engaged in other activities.
Nunhera/Hanspura General Occupational Statistics
'Total
Working
Population'
'Percentage 'Percentage
Main
Marginal
Worker'
Worker'
905
31.6
'Percentage
Non Worker'
26.5
'Percentage
'Percentage
Household
Agriculturals'
Industries'
'Percentage
Cultivators'
41.8
45.1
1.8
'Work
'Percentage
Participation
Other workers'
Rate'
1.7
51.5
58.2
The total male working population is 507 out of which 42.6% are main workers and 16.1% are marginal workers. The
primary occupation continues to be cultivation which is 58.4% followed by other work which is 37.3%. Both agriculturists as
well as household industry have a share of less than 3%.
Nunhera/Hanspura General Occupational Statistics (Gender wise)
'Male
Working
Population'
'Percentage
'Percentage(
(Marginal
Main Worker)'
Worker)'
Percentage
'Percentage
'Percentage
(Male
Household
Agricultural'
Other
Industries'
workers)'
'Percentage(Non 'Percentage
Worker)'
Cultivators'
Male
507
42.6
16.1
41.3
58.4
2.2
2.2
37.3
Female
398
17.9
39.6
42.5
28.1
1.3
1
69.6
The total female working population is 398 with main working population as 17.9% and 39.6% as marginal workers.69.6% of
the women is engaged in other work followed by 28.1% as cultivators. Less than 2%of the population is engaged as
agriculturists and household industries
Kundal is a village Panchayat from the district of Dausa and falls within the jurisdiction of Dausa block. It is amongst the
very large villages and has a population of 4222 with the 0-6 population being 781. with a literacy rate of 64.7% more than
one third of the population belongs to the backward community. The village has 571 households which means that the
average family size is 7.39 per household.
Kundal General Demography
Name
Kundal
'Total
Population'
4222
'Total
Population
06Years'
'Total SC
Population'
781
1240
'Total ST
Population'
383
'Total
Literates'
2225
'Number of
Household'
571
Sex ratio
894
'Sex ratio 'Literacy
06Years' Rate'
891
64.7
The village has a male population of 2229 and female population of 1993. The literacy rate of males is 84.25% and the
female literacy rate is 42.76% making a gap of 41.49% in the literacy rate.
Kundal General Demography(Sex-wise)
'Male
Population'
Male
Female
Population
06Years'
SC
Population'
ST
Population'
Literates'
2229
413
632
210
1530
1993
368
608
173
695
Kundal has a total working population of 2247 with 37.8% as main workers and 15.4% as marginal workers. The village also
has a large population of 46.8% as non-workers. With a work participation rate of 53.2% cultivation is the primary
occupation followed by other work. The village also has 17.8% of the working population engaged in household industries.
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
40
Kundal General Occupational Statistics
Name
'Total
Working
Population'
Kundal
'Percentag
'Percentage Percentage Percentage
Percentage 'Work
Percentage Percentage e
Main
Marginal Non
Other
Participation
Cultivators' Agricultural' Household
Worker'
Worker'
Worker'
workers'
Rate'
Industries'
2247
37.8
15.4
46.8
47.8
8.4
17.8
26
53.2
The male has a share of 53.5% of the working force whereas and 46.5% of the women are engaged as active workforce.
45.9% of the males are main workers as compared to 28.9% of the females are in the category of main workforce. There is
a higher percentage of women, i.e. 51.1% engaged in cultivation in comparison to 44.9% male. One-third of the male
population is engaged in other work whereas less than 20% of the women are in the similar activities.
Kundal General Occupational Statistics (Gender-wise)
'Male
Working
Population'
'Percentage 'Percentage
(Main
(Marginal
Worker)'
Worker)'
'Percentage Percentage
'Percentage 'Percentage 'Percentage
Household (Other
(Non Worker)' Cultivators' Agricultural'
Industries' workers)'
Male
1203
45.9
8.1
46
44.9
3.2
18.8
33.1
Female
1044
28.9
23.5
47.6
51.1
14.4
16.7
17.9
Mahsara kalan is approximately 12 kms. from the district town of Dausa. The village has a total population of 2437 with a 06 population of 423. almost one-third of the population belongs to the backward classes. The average sex ratio is 908 with
0-6 sex ratio being 995. both the figures are above the state average with 0-6 ratio being higher than national as well as
state average. The average literacy rate is 60.3%.
Mahsara Kalan General Demography
'Total
Population'
Name
Mahsara Kalan
2437
'Total
Population
06Years'
'Total SC
Population'
423
'Total ST
Population'
402
341
'Total
Literates'
1214
'Number of
Household'
350
Sexratio
'Sexratio 'Literacy
06Years' Rate'
908
995
60.3
The village has a male population of 1277 and female population of 1160. the male literacy rate is 77.18% as compared to
the female literacy rate which is 41.3%. thus the gender gap in literacy is 35.88%.
Mahsara Kalan General Demography (Sex-Wise)
'Population'
Male
Female
' Population 'SC
ST
Literates
06Years' Population' Population'
1277
212
211
176
822
1160
211
191
165
392
With a work participation rate of 30.7% the total working population is 748. thus the village has as high as 69.3% as nonworking population. Amongst those who work 24.7% belong to the main working category and 5.9% are marginal workers.
Cultivation is the primary occupation followed by other work which is 38.4%. a small population of 3.6% are engaged in
household industries.
Mahsara Kalan General Occupational Statistics
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
41
Name
'Total
Working
Population'
Mahsara
Kalan
'Percentage 'Percentage
'Percentage
Main
Marginal
Non Worker'
Worker'
Worker'
748
24.7
5.9
'Percentage
Cultivators'
69.3
'Percentage
'Work
'Percentage
Household
Participation
Other workers'
Industries'
Rate'
'Percentage
Agricultural'
54
4
3.6
38.4
30.7
Out of the total of 748 working population, 570 are male and 178 are female workers. Only 7.1% of the female workforce is
main workforce with as high as 84.7% of the women being non-workers. While 74.2% of the women are engaged as
cultivators, 47.7% of the males are engaged in the same activities. Only 1.9% of the male working population is engaged in
the household industries as compared to 9% female. 48.4% of the male population is engaged in other work as compared
to 6.2% of the female.
Mahsara Kalan General Occupational Statistics (Gender-wise)
'Total
'Percentage( Percentage
'Percentage
'Percentage 'Percentage 'Percentage
Working Main
(Marginal
Household
(Non Worker)' Cultivators' Agricultural'
Population' Worker)'
Worker)'
Industries'
Male
Female
'Percentage
(Other
workers)'
570
40.8
3.8
55.4
47.7
1.9
1.9
48.4
178
7.1
8.3
84.7
74.2
10.7
9
6.2
Sindoli is a village under Dausa block which is approximately 40 kms. away from the district headquarters. With a total
number of households of 423 the village has a population of 3144 with 0-6 population being 651. it is a tribal dominated
village with one third of the population being tribals. Together with the scheduled caste population the village has more than
50% from the backward communities. With an average sex ratio of 954 the 0-6 sex ratio is 1009. 53.4% of the population is
literate as per the census of 2001.
Sindoli General Demography
Name
'Total
Population'
Sindoli
'Total
Population
06Years'
3144
'Total SC
Population'
651
'Total ST
Population'
590
'Total
Literates'
1025
1331
'Number of
Household'
Sex ratio
423
'Sex ratio 'Literacy
06Years' Rate'
954
1009
53.4
Sindoli has a male population of 1609 and a female population of 1535. 75.71% of the males are literate as compared to
29.63% females. There is a clear gender gap of 46.08%. also this means that more than 70% of the women are still
illiterate.
Sindoli General Demography (Sex-wise)
'Male
Population'
Male
Female
'Male
Population
06Years'
'Male SC
Population'
'Male ST
Population'
'Male
Literates'
1609
324
311
521
973
1535
327
279
504
358
With a work participation rate of 53.3% the village has 1675 number of people in the working force. 25.4% of the people are
main workers and 27.9% are marginal workers. 46.7% of the expected workforce is a non-worker. Cultivation is the primary
source of income with 77.3% of the population engaged in the activity followed by 17.1% engaged in other activities.
Sindoli General Occupational Statistics (Gender-wise)
Name
Sindoli
'Total
Working
Population'
1675
'Percentage
Main Worker'
25.4
'Percentage
Marginal
Worker'
27.9
'Percentage
Non Worker'
'Percentage
Cultivators'
'Percentage
Agriculturals'
46.7
77.3
4.8
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
'Percentage
Other
workers'
17.1
'Work
Participation
Rate'
53.3
42
Sindoli has a male working population of 823 and female working population of 852. Hence the work participation rate of
women in the village is higher than that of the men. However, 44.3% of the males are main workers as compared to 5.6%
female workers. 48.9% of the males are non-workers as compared to 44.5% female. Only 8.7% of the women are engaged
in other work as compared to 25.8% of their male counterparts
Sindoli General Occupational Statistics (Gender-wise)
'Total Working 'Percentage
'Percentage
Population'
(Main Worker)' (Marginal Worker)'
'Percentage 'Percentage
(Non Worker)' (Other workers)'
Male
823
44.3
6.8
48.9
25.8
Female
852
5.6
49.9
44.5
8.7
© Copyright - Shodhana Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. Visit us at www.shodhana.org
43