N A G O H N CIA H S I L ENG S E T O N ACT III SUMMARIES ⓒ CIAN HOGAN ENGLISH NOTES W W W .C I A N H O G A N .C O M "1 Act III opens as Banquo considers Macbeth’s involvement c le ar ly does n ot acce pt murdered that were suspicions that he has the most obviously f ai l ed t o the grooms responsible for - raise we have already discussed counci l mee ti ng that saw in t he Act II summa r i es, Macbeth named the manner in which he Duncan’s successor moves the instead he chooses to i n D un ca n ’s mur de r. Th e in c lu s ive “u s ”, to str es s ing concentr ate on wha t a ll l a s t ti m e we met B an qu o that he alone stands in this means for him and w a s a t t h e end o f A c t II. the “ r i ght h a nd o f God ” his children. It is at this Assuming leadership s ug ge sts that he is awa re precise moment that we position, he vowed to that he has a different w itne ss the ful l exte n t of “q u e s t i o n t h i s m o s t b l o o d y perspective Banquo’s p i e c e o f w o r k”, i n o rde r ghastly cr ime . Here , in compromise. It is most to “know further”. s o l i l o q u y, h e vo i c e s h i s telling that the man who B a n q u o s us pi cions that his fr ie nd wisely a it using on h this a s the King murder. Fur ther more , as from in his off-stage as - mor al counselled his f r i e n d a g a i n s t p ay i n g t o o much heed to the tr uths that THE BANQ UET SCEN E “instruments of d a r k n e s s” use to win us to “our harms”, should n ow d we l l o n t h e “verities” and “truth” the of Witches’ speeches: ! ⓒ CIAN HOGAN ENGLISH NOTES I f t h e re c o m e t r u t h fro m them - As upon thee , Macbeth, their sp ee c hes s hin e - Why, by t h e v e r i t i e s o n t h e e m a d e go o d , M a y t h e y n o t "2 b e my o ra c l e s a s w e l l , A n d s e t m e u p i n h o p e ? But hush! no more . ! T h e e n t i r e t o n e o f t h i s s p e e c h r e c a l l s M a c b e t h ’s e a r l i e r, s h o r t - l i ve d s t r u g g l e w i t h temptation when he wondered if “ c hance ” would have him king without his stir. ! W h e n Ma c be th ent e r s the s ta ge , Ba nquo puts hi s mi sgiv i ng s aside a nd s wea r s al le g ian ce t o h im in t h e type of effusi ve l anguage Macbeth hi m sel ⓒ CIANthat HOGAN ENGLISH NOTES f u s e d w h e n t a l k i n g t o D u n c a n : L e t you r h ig h ne ss C o mma nd upo n me; to the whic h my d uties Are wi th a mo st in di sso l u ble ti e Fo r eve r k ni t. "3 During their Malcolm and Donalbain, between the royal “We” c o nve r s a t i on , Mac be t h wh o he des cr ib es as hi s and “I”, his questions Banquo closely “b l o o d y c o u s i n s”, have confir ms our se nse t ha t about his plans to go been spreading r umour s h e i s n o t t h e l aw f u l k i n g . r iding with Fleance . about him. Reminding The Banquo replies, that if he Banquo of the state questions that betr ay his does cover enough banquet to be held later sense ground, he intends to that night, Macbeth “Ride you this afternoon? ” , become a “ b o r row e r o f re ti re s to hi s chambe r. “I s ’ t fa r y o u r i d e ?”, “Go e s scene of speech is full of uncer tainty: the night ” . Th is may h ave ! s y m bo li c ove r to n es . In It is wor th foc using for a those men our pleasure? ” , this play, night has moment and when the murderer s o bv i ou s co n no t at io n s o f Macbeth’s e v i l a nd B a n qu o’s mor a l re ve als abo ut h i m. Th i s is c o n s i d e r ’d o f my fo r m e r ambiguity may infer that fi r s t s c e n e i n w h i c h we sp ee c hes ? ”. T hes e are no t h e h a s a l r e a d y b o r r owe d me et Macbe th as Ki ng o f the commands of a king s o m et h i n g o f t he n ig ht . Scotland bu t r athe r th e unc er tai n Macbeth also reveals that moves h e i s aw a r e t h a t Fl ea nce with y o u ”, “Att end on what language and, as uneasily he arrive , “Have you q u e s t i o n s o f a u s u r p e r. Macbeth’s overwhelming ⓒ CIAN HOGAN ENGLISH NOTES MACBETH’S LANGUAGE PROVIDES US WITH A FASCINATING INSIGHT INTO HIS THINKING. "4 desire in this scene is not And ba d e the m spea k to f u l fi l h i s a m b i t i o n . H e h a s to project the power and h i m : t h e n p ro p h e t - l i ke “file d [h i s] m in d ” and m a je s ty of t he st at e , bu t They hail'd him father to a given his “ e te r nal jewe l ” , to gain per sonal secur ity. line of kings: Upon my his soul to devil. Alone, and head Ambition d rove Macbet h deep in they placed a thought, we see the full fru it le ss crown, And pu t a to murder Duncan; and extent of his troubled barren sceptre in my n ow t h e s a m e a m b i t i o n m i nd : gripe, Thence to be impel s hi m to kil l Banq u o ! w re n c h ' d w i t h a n u n l i n e a l and Fleance , whom he To b e th u s is n o th in g; hand, No fe e l s a r e d e s t i n e d t o But to be safely thus −Our s ucceed in g. If ' t be so , For w ren ch the monarc hy fears Stick Banquo's issue have I filed from him and his d e e p ; a n d i n h i s roya l t y o f my m i n d ; Fo r t h e m t h e descendants. Notice also n a t u re R e i g n s t h a t w h i c h g ra c i o u s D u n c a n h a v e I h ow t h e s p e e c h d e ve l o p s w o u l d b e fe a r ' d : ' t i s mu c h mu rd e r ' d ; P u t ra n co u r s i n one of th e most he dares; And, to that t h e v e s s e l o f my p e a c e inter esti ng and intr icat e dauntless temper of his Only for them; and mine image r y patte r ns i n the mind, He hath a wisdom ete rnal jewe l G ive n to the play − the ster ility of that doth guide his valour common enemy of man, To To a ct in sa fety. Th ere is m a ke t h e m k i n g s , t h e s e e d none but he Whose being I of Banquo kings! Rather d o fe a r : a n d , u n d e r h i m , than so, come fate into M y Ge n i u s i s rebuke d; as , the list. And c hampion me i t is s a id , M ark Ant ony's t o t h e u t t e ra n c e ! W h o ' s wa s by C a e s a r. H e c h i d there! in Banquo the sister s When fir st they son of mine ! put the name of king upon T h e s p e e c h r e ve a l s t o u s m e , ju s t h ow mu ch Macb eth h a s s a c r i fi c e d i n o r d e r t o evi l . T he Wi tc hes, who fi r s t a p p e a r o n a b a r r e n heath, embody a type of androgynous evil that bear s no life . Macbeth embr ace s thi s e vi l , w h ic h h a s i n e v i t a bly p r ove n “fruitle s s”, “b a r re n” and “u n l i n e a l”. R eading th ese lin es, one canno t he lp bu t r ecall L ady Macbeth’s ⓒ CIAN HOGAN ENGLISH NOTES EVIL IN THIS PLAY IS PORTRAYED AS BARREN AND STERILE "5 her” and “turn [her] milk Macbeth’s relationship. dr ifted apar t. She has no to gall ” . T h i s c h a n g e i s fi r s t idea of hi s pl an to u n d e r s c o r e d by h i s e x i t murder Banquo, and When the murderer s through one door and although she is suffer ing ar r ive , Macbeth employs her entrance through ter r ibly, she conceals her m a ny si m il ar t ec h ni qu es another. In order to reach pain from him. Instead, to those used by his wife h e r h u s b a n d n ow, s h e sh e tr ies to assu re h i m o n h i m i n or de r t o must send a ser vant to that “ w h a t ’s d o n e i s d o n e” e m a sc u l a t e th em, a nd t o re qu es t an aud ie nce wi th and that he should not c o nv i n c e t h em o f th e h i m . M a c b e t h ’s “ke e p a l o n e”. While sh e n e e d t o mu r d e r B a n q u o apprehensive , but realistic manages to conce al her and Fleance . The scene o bs er vati on, that “To b e pain for his sake , he c o nc l u de s w it h Ma cbe t h thus is nothing; | But to be u n bu r d e n s h i s c o n c e r n s re i t e r a ti ng hi s de c i si on t o s afel y thu s ”, is ec hoed by on he r. I n h is angui sh ed h ave B a n q u o mu r d e r e d : L a d y M a c b e t h : account of how he feels, ! ! ! we see that his words It is concluded. Banquo, No ug h t's ha d, a l l's sp e nt, ech o h er s. He too wo ul d thy soul's flight, Where our desire is got r ather be dead than live I f i t fi n d h e a v e n , mu s t fi n d w i t h o u t c o n t e n t : the life that they have i t o u t t o -n i ght. 'T is s afe r to be tha t whi c h cre ate d for w e d e s t roy themselves: A l t h ou gh sce n e i i, o pe n s Than by destruction dwell b e t t e r b e w i t h t h e d e a d , i n t he s am e l oc a ti on , it is in do ub tful j oy. Whom we , to gain our ! u s e d by S h a ke s p e a r e t o ! e m ph as i se t he Rather than stress the Than on the tor ture of the c o ns i d er a ble s hi ft th at s imi la r ity in th ei r thi nki ng, m i n d t o l i e I n re s t l e s s h a s t a ke n p l a c e i n the effect is to emphasise ecsta sy. Macbeth and Lady ju s t h ow f ar they h ave p e a c e , h a v e s e n t t o p e a c e , ! ⓒ CIAN HOGAN ENGLISH NOTES THE MURDER OF DUNCAN DRIVES THEM APART "6 There's comfor t yet; ! Aw a r e of t h e n ee d to c o nc e al hi s mu rde ro u s they are assailable; i nt en t , M a cbe t h re mi nds Be innocent of the h i s w i fe o f t h e y mu s t Then be thou jocund: ere k nowl e dge , dea rest c h uc k , m a ke t he i r “faces vizards the bat hath flown to [their] hear ts , | Disguising what they are ”. H i s c l o i s t e r ' d f l i g h t , e re t o We see just how much b l a c k H e c a t e ' s s u m m o n s ! Macbeth has changed While he may sense in w h en h e d es cr ibe s how The shard-borne beetle h e r t h e u n d e r ly i n g h i s m i n d i s “full of w i t h h i s d row s y h u m s weakness that she s co r p i on s ” . Th is ho r r i ble previously pr ayed to the i m ag e d em on st r a te s H a t h r u n g n i g h t ' s ya w n i n g spi r its of th e ni ght to c l ea r ly th e e x t en t o f th e p e a l , t h e re s h a l l b e d o n e su ppre ss , and w hil e he m en t a l pa in th at M ac be t h i s ex pe r i en c i ng . He t he n d e e d o f d re a d f u l n o t e . Till thou applaud the A d e e d . may be attempti ng to sh ie ld h er fr om fur the r h i n t s a t h i s d a r k p l a n s fo r ! Banquo in a speech Her stunned reaction to denying that he is moving w h os e t on e , rhyt hm a nd wh at he h as j ust sai d, is in a di ffe re nt d ir ectio n to c a d en c e ec h o t he greeted by him with a h e r. Witches: dismissive: distress, there is no ! THE MURDER OF BANQUO MARKS A CHANGE IN MACBETH’S CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT ⓒ CIAN HOGAN ENGLISH NOTES "7 20 0 4 “The play, Macbeth, has many scenes of compelling drama.” ! Choose one scene that you found compelling and say why you found it to be so. Sup po r t y ou r answe r by reference t o th e p la y. ! While candidates may interpret ‘one scene’ liberally, they should focus mainly on one p a r t i c u l a r p a r t o f t h e p l a y, o r o n a g ro u p o f re l a t e d s c e n e s s u c h a s t h e m e e t i n g s w i t h t h e w i t c h e s , o r t h e mu rd e r o f D u n c a n a n d i t s i m m e d i a t e a f t e r m a t h . Code CD for ‘compelling drama’. Po s s i b l e p o i n t s : Compelling drama because of… - t he se t t in g and at mos p here - t he t e n s ion and conflict creat ed in it - i t s o ccu r re nce at a key m om ent in the drama - t h e mo o d creat e d by t he actions a nd tho ughts o f the c haracter s - t he d ra m a tic i mp act of Shakes p eare’s la nguage/image r y - t he st a g in g , cos t ume , lig ht ing - t he sc e n e’s pot e ntial for s p ecial effe cts ! ! “M a c be th ” has many s c en es o f compellin g drama. How ever, to my m in d Act th ree , sc ene i v, The B anqu et S cen e, h as to be on e of th e pl ay ’s m os t f as cinat i ng and dramat i c sc en es. In on e sh ort scen e, S h akespeare m an age s t o c apt ure bo t h t he momen t of Macbeth an d Lady’s Macbe t h ’s tr i ump h and th ei r do wnf al l . Th is sc en e ch an ges ever yth in g an d follow in g th e B anq ue t, Macb et h’s l e gi t i mac y as mon arch is n o lon ger accepted, h i s ⓒ CIAN HOGAN ENGLISH NOTES THE BANQUET SCENE | A SAMPLE ESSAY "8 re lat i o ns hi p wit h his w i f e b e c omes i n creasi n gl y strai n ed an d h e i s dr i v en fu rt h er in to p arano i a and vi o l en ce. ! ! The Banquet Scene occurs in Act III, scene iv. Its placement within th e ov e ral l p l ay i s hi ghl y s i gni f i can t. Macbeth ’s illegal attempt to u su r p th e th ron e o f Sc ot l and has be e n s uc cessfu l an d in order to project an im a g e o f p ow e r and st abi l i t y he arra nges for a state ban qu et to be h eld. Th e s ce n e o pe ns wi t h Mac bet h i ns i sti ng o n order an d decor u m. He remin ds h is gu e st s t h at th ey al l “ k no w [ t heir ] o wn de gre e s ;” an d offer s th em a “ h eart y w el c o me ”. H e makes extens i ve u se o f th e royal plu ral so as project a se n se o f maj e st y and p ower: ! Our s el f w ill mingle w ith so cie ty, A nd pla y t h e h u mble h ost . O ur ho s te s s ke e ps h er s t ate, but in bes t time We w i ll re qu ire h e r welcome . ! O n e of t he mo st c o mpel l i ng aspec ts of th is scen e is th e w ay w h ic h Sh ake s peare h i gh l i ght s t he i nc on gru ity betw een Macbeth ’s open h earte d w e l com e t o th e ass embl ed Than es an d h is mu rderou s in ten t. If th e B anq ue t h as be en organi s ed t o pro jec t a sen se of pow er an d stabilit y, it ha s a lso be en ar range d i n o rder to c on ceal Macbeth ’s mu rder of Ban q uo. Th e th e me of appeara n c e a n d real ity i s c en tral to an y readi n g o f Mac b e th a nd , a s th e two murders arri ve at th e door, w e are remin ded of Du n can ’s ⓒ CIAN HOGAN ENGLISH NOTES THE BANQUET SCENE | A SAMPLE ESSAY "9 be l ie f t hat th ere i s no “ a rt to fin d th e min d’s con s tru ction in th e fa c e ”. Mac be th ’s sh oc ki ng abi l i t y t o presen t a k in d an d affable face to h is gu es ts w h ile di s cu ss i ng th e c i rc ums t an ces o f his for mer fr ien d’s mu rder makes f or c om pe lli ng d rama. The hi re d m urder s th at w ait for Macbeth ou tside t h e ba nqu e t act as a po we rf ul metaph or for th e th eme of appearan ce an d rea l it y an d the y al so p re s e n t u s w i th a vi sc eral ac c ou n t o f Ban qu o’s f ate . We l ear n th at he no w lies in a d itch with “ W ith twe n ty tre n ch e d gas h e s on h i s h ea d; | The l ea st a death to n atu re . “ Th e men ’s appearan ce an d th e l an g ua g e th at th ey us e are c o mpl etel y at odds w ith th e refin ed splen d or o f th e b anq ue t and i t s e mphas is o n o rder an d statu s. ! W he n M ac b e th re t u r n s, we are prese nted with on e of th e m os t c om pe lli ng mome nt s o f drama in al l of literatu re. Th e ar r ival of th e gh o st o f B an qu o put s an e nd t o Mac beth ’s carefu lly con str u cted attempt to a p pear maj es t i c. In many res pec ts, Ban qu o ach ieves in death w h at h e fa il e d t o do i n l i f e. Earl i er i n t he pl ay, in Act II, scen e i Ban qu o promised t o fi gh t “ Aga i nst the undiv ulged prete nce ” an d to qu estion th is most blo od y pi e ce of wo rk . U nf o rt unat e l y, Ban quo does n ot live u p to th is promise. He i s i n f ac t, i n many way s dee pl y co mpromised by h is in action . How ever, i n d e a t h t h e s p e c t r a l e m b o d i m e n t o f B a n q u o s u c c e e d s i n d e s t ro y i n g Mac be th ’s “p ret enc e”. The as s embl ed gu ests k n ow n oth in g of Ban q uo ’s m u rd er. So, wh en Mac bet h i ns i sts to the Gh ost th at: Tho u cans t no t s a y I di d it: ne v er s h ake Thy gor y locks at me . ⓒ CIAN HOGAN ENGLISH NOTES THE BANQUET SCENE | A SAMPLE ESSAY "10 th e y m u st s us p ec t t hat he i s refer ri ng to th e mu rder of Du n can . Th ei r s us p ic i on s are cap ture d i n Ro s s’ puz zl ed reply to Macbeth : ! What s ights, my lo rd? ! Th e re is no ans wer t o t h i s q u esti on an d w h i l e Lady Mac beth ’s ti m el y i nt er v e n ti o n sav es her hus band from mak in g a fu ll disclosu re, it al so e m p h as ise s th at he i s c o nc eal i n g a dark secret. ! Th i s s c en e al s o pre se n t s u s with a compellin g insigh t into Macbeth ’s m e nt al st ate . Whe n t he murd erer s ar rive an d con fir m th at Ban qu o h a s be e n “di s pat ch ed ”, Mac bet h’s rel ief is almost palpable. How ever, w h en th e y expl ai n t hat Fl eanc e has esc aped w e are afforded a glimpse of j us t how a g it at ed Macbe t h i s . What fo ll ow s, in h is descr iption of h ow h e i s fe e l in g, is a near cl i ni c al ac c o un t of paran oia: ! B ut now I am cabin 'd, cribb'd, confine d, b ound in | To s au cy doubt s and fears. ! Th e s e “sa u cy d o ubt s a nd f ea r s” are magn ified w h en h e sees th e Gh o st . Mac be th i s no c oward; hi s prow ess o n th e battled h as con fir med th is fo r u s. Ho we ve r, th e si ght o f B anqu o wh ose “ bon e s are marrowle s s ” an d w h o ha s “ n o spe cul ati o n in [ his] e ye s ” redu ces Macbeth to feelin g like “ Th e ba b y o f a gi r l.” Banq u o ’s “ ho r r i ble s hadow ” destroys Macbeth ’s self- ⓒ CIAN HOGAN ENGLISH NOTES THE BANQUET SCENE | A SAMPLE ESSAY "11 c on f id en ce and hi s abi l i t y t o pro jec t a sen se of majesty. It is on ly w h en th e a p par it ion vani s h es t hat he f e e l s li ke a “ man again .” ! A l th o ug h L ady Macbe t h is master fu l in her attempt s to prev ent her hu sb and f rom mak ing a s udden disc losu re, h er action s are in h er ow n w ords “ to o l ate ”. Mac beth’s i nco herent an d ver y trou blin g beh aviou r h as “d i sp la c ed t he mi rth [ a nd] bro ke th e good me e tin g, | W ith mos t admi red di s ord er ”. The purp os e o f the ban quet w as after all to project a sen se o f o rd e r an d p owe r. I n o rder t o po rtray the Macbeth s’ complete rever sa l of fo rt un e , S hake sp eare e mphas i ses th e asymmetr ical n atu re of th e sce ne . Th e B an q uet Sce ne o p e n s wi th Ma cbeth i n si sti n g th at h i s assemb l ed gu e st s a ll “ kno w t heir o w n deg re es .” There is, of course, a great dea l o f i ro ny in M ac be th ’s att empt t o remi nd h is gu ests of th e social h ierarch y t h at he h as s o s av age l y vi o l at ed. I f th e sc en e begin s w ith order, it en ds in a n u n ce re mo ni o us and di s o rderl y ex it by th e gu ests. Realisin g th at h e r hu sb and i s o n t he bri nk o f maki ng a fu ll disclosu re, Lady Macbeth h as ti ly be g s he r g ue st s to l eave i n whatever order th ey see fit: ! I pra y y ou, spea k not; h e grows wors e an d wors e ; Q u e s t ion e n rage s h im. At once , good night : Sta n d not u pon t h e order of your going, B ut g o at on ce . ! Th e re i s a wo nderf ul e c o n o my to th e sc en e th at man ages to u n der sc o re th e t rag ic f ut i l i ty o f what t he Mac beth ’s h ave don e. ⓒ CIAN HOGAN ENGLISH NOTES THE BANQUET SCENE | A SAMPLE ESSAY "12 A c t I I I , s c e n e i v, sudden and complete Th e B an q ue t Sc en e, i s a Mac beth ’s dow n fa ll has fascinating be en been . and c o mp e l lin g mo ment of drama. In this short scene, Shakespeare captures both the m o m e n t o f M a c b e t h ’s and Lady Macbeth’s triumph and downfall. Th e mo od, t e ns io n a n d carefully thought out s t ru ct u re o f the s c en e work to highlight just h o w ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! THE S CENE ENDS IN DISOR DER ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ⓒ CIAN HOGAN ENGLISH NOTES "13 Key Quotes For Act III ! 64. B A N QU O : M ay th ey not be my orac les as well, and se t me up in h o p e ? 63. B A N QU O : Let y our Hig hnes s com m a nd upo n me , to the whi c h my d u t i e s a re w i t h m o s t i n d i s s o l u b l e t i e fo r ev e r k n i t . 64. M AC BET H : To be thus is nothing , but to b e safely thus . Our selve s fear s in Banquo stic k deep. 65. M AC BET H : H e h ath w is dom , that doth gu ide hi s val o ur, 66. M AC BET H : P ut rancour s in the ves se l o f my pe ace . 67. M AC BET H : That ever y m inut e of his be i ng, thrusts against my n e a r ’s t o f l i fe : 68. L A DY M AC BETH: ’Tis s afer, t o be tha t w hi c h we de stroy, than by d e s t r u c t i o n d w e l l i n d o u b t f u l j oy. 69. M AC BET H : We have s corc h’d the s nake , no t k ill’d it: 70. M AC BET H : A nd m ake our faces vizards to o ur he ar ts , di sguising w h a t t h e y a re . 71. M AC BET H : B e innocent of t he know led ge , de are st c huc k , till thou applaud the deed: 72. M AC BET H : Thou ar t the bes t o’ t h’ c ut-th ro ats 73. M AC BET H : B ut now I am cabin’d, cr i bb ’d, co fin’d, bo und in to s au c y d ou b t s , a n d fe ar s . 74. L A DY M AC BETH: O t he p rop er s tuff: thi s is the ve r y painting o f y ou r fe a r : T h i s i s the a ir draw n dag ger w hi c h yo u sai d led yo u to Duncan. CIAN HOGAN ENGLISH NOTES 75. M AC BET H : The ti me has been, that w he n the brai ns we re oⓒut, the man would die , and there an end: but how they r ise again 76. M AC BET H : This is m ore s trange than s u c h a mur the r is . 77. M AC BET H : W he n now I t hink you can be ho l d suc h sights , and ke e p t h e n a t u ra l r u by o f y o u r c h e e k s , w h e n m i n e i s b l a n c h e ’d w i t h fe a r. "14 78 . M AC BE T H: It w il l have blood t hey sa y: b lo o d will have bl o o d: ! 79 . M AC BE T H: I am in blood s tep p ’d s o far, that sho ul d I wade no m o re , re t u r n i n g w e re a s t e d i o u s a s go o ’ e r : 80 . H E C ATE: A l l y ou have done hath been bu t fo r a wayward so n, s pi tef u l , a n d w rathful, who ( as ot her s do ) loves fo r his own e nds , n o t fo r y o u . 81 . H E C ATE: A s by t he s treng t h of t heir il lu si on, shall draw hi m o n to h i s c o n f u s i o n . ! ! ! CI AN HO GAN .COM IS NO W B AC K O N L INE ⓒ CIAN HOGAN ENGLISH NOTES "15