Power
Systems
Analysis 2/e
Arthur R. Bergen
Vijay Vittal
Published August 1999 by
Prentice Hall
Copyright 2000, 619 pp., Cloth
ISBN: 0-13-691990-1
Summary
FEATURES/BENEFITS
●
NEW--Describes the new market environment of the electric utility
industry.
❍
Introduces changes in the electric utility industry structure, and
describes how the restructuring will impact important aspects of power
system analysis.
●
NEW--Emphasizes computer application and design and reflects current
industry practice.
●
NEW--A computer-based design problem dealing with the calculations
of transmission line parameters is introduced in Chapter 3 and continued
in each successive chapter.
❍
●
NEW--A new chapter on network matrices, their construction and
manipulation.
❍
●
Providing readers with the opportunity to apply the tools they
encounter in each chapter.
This chapter introduces efficient computational techniques to analyze
large power systems.
NEW--Many additional worked-out examples and problems--Includes
several problems which can be solved using MATLAB.
❍
Giving the reader clear illustrations of key issues and provides them
with methods to solve complex problems.
❍
Clearly stated objectives and explanation of material without
sacrificing necessary rigor and understanding.
Features
❍
NEW Describes the new market environment of the electric
utility industry.
■
❍
Introduces students to the changes in the electric utility industry
structure, and describes how the restructuring will impact
important aspects of power system analysis.
NEW Emphasizes computer application and design and reflects
current industry practice.
■
Prepares students for what they will encounter in the industry
and teaches them techniques to solve problems efficiently.
❍
NEW A computer-based design problem dealing with the
calculations of transmission line parameters is introduced in
Chapter 3 and continued in each successive chapter. Students can
use available software or develop software using MATLAB.
■
❍
NEW A new chapter on network matrices, their construction and
manipulation.
■
❍
Gives students clear illustrations of key issues and provides
them with methods to solve complex problems.
Clearly stated objectives and explanation of material without
sacrificing necessary rigor and understanding.
■
❍
This chapter introduces efficient computational techniques to
analyze large power systems.
NEW Many additional worked-out examples and problems
Includes several problems which can be solved using MATLAB.
■
❍
Provides students with the opportunity to apply the tools they
encounter in each chapter.
Helps students to more easily understand the material, and
assists professors in explaining the material.
For additional; resources visit the book's Website at
http://www.prenhall.com/Bergen.
Table of Contents
1. Background.
Introduction. Electric Energy. Fossil-Fuel Plant. Nuclear Power Plant.
Hydroelectric Power Plant. Other Energy Sources. Transmission and
Distribution Systems. The Deregulated Electric Power Industry.
2. Basic Principles.
Introduction. Phasor Representation. Complex Power Supplied to a
One-Port. Conservation of Complex Power. Balanced Three-Phase. Per
Phase Analysis. Balanced Three-Phase Power. Summary.
3. Transmission-Line Parameters.
Introduction. Review of Magnetics. Flux Linkages of Infinite Straight Wire.
Flux Linkages; Many-Conductor Case. Conductor Bundling. Transposition.
Impedance of Three Phase lines Including Ground Return. Review of Electric
Fields. Line Capacitance. Determination of Line Parameters Using Tables.
Typical Parameter Values. Summary.
4. Transmission-Line Modeling.
Introduction. Derivation of Terminal V, I Relations. Waves on Transmission
Lines. Transmission Matrix. Lumped-Circuit Equivalent. Simplified Models.
Complex Power Transmission (Short Line). Complex Power Transmission
(Radial Line). Complex Power Transmission (Long or Medium Lines).
Power-Handling Capability of Lines. Summary.
5. Transformer Modeling and the Per Unit System.
Introduction. Single-Phase Transformer Model. Three-Phase Transformer
Connections. Per Phase Analysis. Normal Systems. Per Unit Normalization.
Per Unit Three-Phase Quantities. Change of Base. Per Unit Analysis of
Normal System. Regulating Transformers for Voltage and Phase Angle
Control. Autotransformers. Transmission Line and Transformers. Summary
6. Generator Modeling I (Machine Viewpoint).
Introduction. Classical Machine Description. Voltage Generation.
Open-Circuit Voltage. Armature Reaction. Terminal Voltage. Power
Delivered by Generator. Synchronizing Generator to an Infinite Bus.
Synchronous Condensor. Role of Synchronous Machine Excitation in
Controlling Reactive Power. Summary.
7. Generator Modeling II (Circuit Viewpoint).
Introduction. Energy Conversion. Application to Synchronous Machine. The
Park Transformation. Park's Voltage Equation. Park's Mechanical Equation.
Circuit Model. Instantaneous Power Output. Applications. Synchronous
Operation. Steady-State Model. Simplified Dynamic Model. Generator
Connected to Infinite Bus (Linear Model). Summary
8. Generator Voltage Control.
Introduction. Exciter System Block Diagram. Generator Models. Stability of
Excitation System. Voltage Regulation. Generator Connected to Infinite Bus.
Summary.
9. Network Matrices.
Introduction. Bus Admittance Matrix. Network Solution. Network Reduction
(Kron Reduction). YBUS Structure and Manipulation. Bus Impedance Matrix.
Inverse Elements to Determine Columns of ZBUS. Summary.
10. Power Flow Analysis.
Introduction. Power Flow Equations. The Power Flow Problem. Solution by
Gauss Iteration. More General Iteration Scheme. Newton-Raphson Iteration.
Application to Power Flow Equations. Decoupled Power Flow. Control
Implications. Regulating Transformers in Power Flow Analysis, Power Flow
Solutions for Large Power Systems. Summary.
11. Automatic Generation Control and the New Market Environment.
Introduction. Power Control System Modeling. Application to Single
Machine-Infinite Bus System. Simplified Analysis of Power Control System.
Power Control, Multigenerator Case. Special Case; Two Generating Units.
Division of Power System Into Control Areas. Formulation of the Economic
Dispatch Problem. Classical Economic Dispatch (Line Losses Neglected).
Generator Limits Included. Line Losses Considered. Calculation of Penalty
Factors. Economic Issues and Mechanisms in the New Market Environment.
Transmission Issues and Effects in the New Market Environment. Summary.
12. Unbalanced System Operation.
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Introduction. Symmetrical Components. Use of Symmetrical Components for
Fault Analysis. Sequence Network Connections for Different Types of Faults.
More General Fault Circuit Analysis. Power From Sequence Variables.
Sequence Representation of Y and …D Connected Circuits. Generator
Models for Sequence Networks. Transformer Models for Sequence
Networks. Sequence Representation of Transmission Lines. Assembly of
Sequence Networks. Fault Analysis for Realistic Power System Model.
Matrix Methods. Summary.
13. System Protection.
Introduction. Protection of Radial Systems. System with Two Sources.
Impedance (Distance) Relays. Modified-Impedance Relays. Differential
Protection of Generators. Differential Protection of Transformers. Differential
Protection of Buses and Lines. Overlapping Zones of Protection. Sequence
Filters. Computer Relaying. Summary.
14. Power System Stability.
Introduction. Model. Energy Balance. Linearization of Swing Equation.
Solution of Nonlinear Swing Equation. Other Applications. Extension to
Two-Machine Case. Multimachine Application. Multimachine Stability
Studies. Summary.
Appendices.
Reluctance. Force Generation in a Solenoid. Method of Lagrange Multipliers.
Root-Locus Method. Negative- and Zero-Sequence Impedances of
Synchronous Machines. Inversion Formula. Modification of Impedance
Matrices. Conductor Characteristics.
Selected Bibliography.
Index.