2011 Senior External Examination Biology Paper Two — Question
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2011 Senior External Examination Biology Thursday 27 October 2011 Paper Two — Question and response book Time allowed • Perusal time: 10 minutes • Working time: 2 hours 1 pm to 3:10 pm Candidate use Print your candidate number here 1 1 – Examination materials provided • Paper Two — Question and response book • Notepaper Attach barcode here Equipment allowed • QSA-approved equipment • non-programmable calculator • one A4 sheet of EBI question topic research notes Directions Number of books used Supervisor use only Do not write in this book during perusal time. Paper One has two parts: • Part A — Continuity of life • Part B — Evolution and diversity QSA use only Suggested time allocation Marker number Supervisor’s initials • Part A: 60 minutes • Part B: 60 minutes Assessment Assessment standards are at the end of this book. After the examination session The supervisor will collect this book and your research notes when you leave. – Planning space Part A — Continuity of life Section 1 — Short response Section 1 has 10 questions that assess either Understanding biology (UB) or Investigating biology (IB). Attempt all questions. Respond to the questions in the spaces provided. Question 1 (UB) Complete the table below to compare sexual and asexual reproduction. Give an example of each. Feature Asexual Sexual Number of parents Type of cell division Fertilisation present or not Similarities to parents Level of offspring variation Benefits to breeding Example Question 2 (UB) Explain why internal fertilisation is a successful reproductive strategy. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... Question 3 (UB) What happens to the number of chromosomes during meiosis? ............................................................................................................... 2011 Biology — Paper Two — Question and response book 1 Question 4 (UB) Label the stigma, filament, anther and ovule on the diagram below. Question 5 (UB) In humans, brown eye colour is dominant over blue eye colour. Assuming that eye colour is determined by a single gene, show using a punnett square whether two brown-eyed people can have a blue-eyed child. 2 2011 Biology — Paper Two — Question and response book Question 6 (UB) Explain why dizygotic twins are not identical while monozygotic twins are. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... Question 7 (UB) Using an example, explain why the addition or deletion of bases to a strand of DNA can be significant. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... Question 8 (UB) Complete the following table using the information provided in the genetic code table. DNA strand I T C T C C DNA strand II G T T G A mRNA Amino acid T A Meth Ser Genetic code table First position (5' end) Second position Third position (3' end) U C A G U Phe Phe Leu Leu Ser Ser Ser Ser Tyr Tyr STOP STOP Cys Cys STOP Trp U C A G C Leu Leu Leu Leu Pro Pro Pro Pro His His GluN GluN Arg Arg Arg Arg U C A G A Ileu Ileu Ileu Meth Thr Thr Thr Thr AspN AspN Lys Lys Ser Ser Arg Arg U C A G G Val Val Val Val Ala Ala Ala Ala Asp Asp Glu Glu Gly Gly Gly Gly U C A G 2011 Biology — Paper Two — Question and response book 3 Question 9 (UB) Red-green colour-blindness is a sex-linked trait. A normally-sighted woman whose father was colourblind marries a colour-blind man. Calculate the probability that their son will be colour-blind. Show all working. 4 2011 Biology — Paper Two — Question and response book Question 10 (IB) The graphs below display the seed germination of two acacia species in response to heat treatments. The control group was not given any heat treatment. Acacia pulchella Number of germinated seeds 50 40 30 20 10 2 mins 10 mins 30 mins Duration of heat treatment nil 3 hrs nil 6 hrs Treatment temperature control 90°C Acacia cyclopis 120°C Number of germinated seeds 50 40 30 20 10 2 mins nil nil nil 10 mins 3 hrs Duration of heat treatment Interpret the data to draw a conclusion. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... End of Section 1 2011 Biology — Paper Two — Question and response book 5 Section 2 — Extended response Section 2 has one question that assesses Evaluating biological issues (EBI). Write an extended response below. Your response must refer to biological principles, concepts and ideas. Plan your response carefully. If you do a first draft and then a final draft, indicate which draft is to be assessed. Question 1 (EBI) Breeding technologies in the cattle industry have broadened in recent years to include not only artificial insemination but also offspring cloning and embryo splitting. Integrate information to make a justified and responsible decision about whether cloning or embryo splitting is the better method to use. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... 6 2011 Biology — Paper Two — Question and response book ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... End of Section 2 End of Part A 2011 Biology — Paper Two — Question and response book 7 Part B — Evolution and diversity Section 1 — Short response Section 1 has 10 questions that assess either Understanding biology (UB) or Investigating biology (IB). Attempt all questions. Respond to the questions in the spaces provided. Question 1 (UB) Explain the term “survival of the fittest” as used by Charles Darwin. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... Question 2 (UB) State two types of barriers that could isolate populations to the point that evolution occurs. • .................................................... • .................................................... Question 3 (UB) Explain why genetic change can be studied more easily in organisms such as bacteria and flies rather than elephants and whales. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... Question 4 (UB) Explain why the scientific community makes changes over time to the classification of many organisms. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... 8 2011 Biology — Paper Two — Question and response book Question 5 (UB) In the tropics, dark skin is advantageous over pale skin as the high levels of melanin in dark skin prevent sunburn and reduce tissue damage. In cooler, higher latitudes, pale skin is an advantage as it allows the body to absorb more ultraviolet light from the sun. Briefly link Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection to explain the different skin tones. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... Question 6 (UB) Complete the table below, which summarises the characteristics of the five kingdoms. Monera Cell type Protista Prokaryotic Plantae Eukaryotic Cell membrane Present Present Present Nuclear membrane Present Present Present Chloroplasts Vacuoles Cell wall material Cilia/flagella Present in some cells of all species Absent Present and large Present Noncellulose Various Absent Noncellulose Present in some species Present in some cells Question 7 (UB) Explain, using examples, the difference between analogous and homologous structures. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... 2011 Biology — Paper Two — Question and response book 9 Question 8 (UB) Native Australian animals such as bettongs and grey kangaroos can eat plants containing toxins without apparent harm. The same plants can be harmful to introduced species such as cattle and sheep. Explain why. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... Question 9 (UB) The table below shows the classification of some plants. Common name Grey gum Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Plantae Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Myrtales Myrtaceae Eucalyptus Eucalytus propinqua Callistemon Callistemon pachyphyllus Banksia Banksia robur Grevillea Grevillea robusta Wallum bottle brush Wallum banksia Proteales Protaceae Silky oak Grey mangrove Mitchell grass Liliopsida Lamiales Verbenaceae Avicennia Avicennia marina Cyperales Poaceae Astrebla Astrebla pectinata Using the information provided, determine if the Grey gum is more closely related to the Wallum bottle brush than the Grey mangrove. Explain your decision. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... 10 2011 Biology — Paper Two — Question and response book Question 10 (IB) The dichotomous key below can be used to classify species of Banksia. 1a 1b Adult leaves always regularly toothed along the edge. ...................................... 2 Adult leaves without teeth (except younger, juvenile leaves). .............................. 4 2a Leaves narrow, 4–10 cm long by 1–4 mm wide with fine teeth along the margin. Flowers orange-yellow. Hair-pin banksia, Banksia spinulosa 2b Leaves broader, coarsely toothed. Flowers creamy-grey. ............................ 3 3a Leaves 8–15 cm long by 2–4 cm wide. Flower spikes large, about 20 cm by 10 cm. Occurs mostly along the coast. Saw banksia, Banksia serrata 3b Leaves 5–12 cm long by 1–2 cm wide. Flower spikes egg-shaped 5–14 cm by 5–7 cm. Occurs mostly inland. Desert banksia, Banksia ornata 4a Usually a tree 4–16 m. Leaves 5–10 cm long by 1–2 cm wide, in clusters of three to six. On dunes and sandy cliffs. Coast banksia, Banksia integrifolia 4b Usually a shrub 1–5 m. Leaves smaller 3–8 cm long by 3–8 mm wide, with a notched tip, scattered singly along branches. Silver banksia, Banksia marginata Use the information in the key to classify the two species of Banksia using the sketches of adult leaves shown below. 8 cm 10 cm End of Section 1 2011 Biology — Paper Two — Question and response book 11 Section 2 — Extended response Section 2 has one question that assesses Evaluating biological issues (EBI). Write an extended response below. Your response must refer to biological principles, concepts and ideas. Plan your response carefully. If you do a first draft and then a final draft, indicate which draft is to be assessed. Question 1 (EBI) Human beings have intervened in the course of evolution. Decide if legislation should be used to regulate this. Justify your decision. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... 12 2011 Biology — Paper Two — Question and response book ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... End of Section 2 End of Part B End of Paper Two 2011 Biology — Paper Two — Question and response book 13 Additional pages for responses (if required) Part Section Question ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... 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............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... 2011 Biology — Paper Two — Question and response book 17 Planning space 18 2011 Biology — Paper Two — Question and response book Planning space 2011 Biology — Paper Two — Question and response book 19 20 2011 Biology — Paper Two — Question and response book • designing an investigation which provides incomplete methodology and mentions variables • identifying researchable questions • designing an investigation by providing incomplete methodology with few variables and attempts to include a control • organising data • formulating researchable questions • designing an investigation by providing methodology, addressing obvious variables and control and planning replicate treatments • organising data • formulating justified researchable questions • designing an investigation by providing methodology, addressing variables and control, planning replicate treatments and identifying data to be collected • evaluating the design of the investigation and reflecting on the adequacy of the data collected and proposing refinements. • interpreting and critically analysing data with links to theoretical concepts to draw conclusions relating to the question(s) • evaluating the design of the investigation and the adequacy of the data collected. • interpreting data and drawing conclusions relating to the question(s) • using data to answer questions The candidate communicates investigative processes by: The candidate communicates investigative processes by: The candidate communicates investigative processes by: • organising data to identify trends and interrelationships The candidate communicates investigative processes by: • applying knowledge and understanding to a range of tasks. • applying knowledge and understanding to a range of complex tasks. • applying knowledge and understanding to a range of complex and challenging tasks. Investigating biology identifying interrelationships • explaining ideas, concepts, principles and theories and describing interrelationships between them • making links between related ideas, concepts, principles and theories to reveal meaningful interrelationships • using data to draw conclusions. • attempting to organise data. The candidate communicates understanding by stating ideas • defining and describing ideas, and using terminology relevant to concepts and recalling concepts, principles and interrelationships. theories, and The candidate communicates understanding by: The candidate communicates understanding by: D The candidate communicates understanding by: C Understanding biology B A Criterion E The candidate communicates investigative processes by providing incomplete methodology, and transcribes data. The candidate states terminology and ideas relevant to concepts. Assessment standards from the 2006 senior external syllabus for Biology 2011 Biology — Paper Two — Question and response book 21 Evaluating biological issues Criterion • comparing alternatives and predictions relevant in past, present and future biological contexts. • recognising alternatives and predictions that are relevant in a range of past and present biological contexts. • integrating the information • integrating the information and data to make logical and data to make justified and decisions responsible decisions • making statements related to source material • analysing information and data from a variety of sources to determine validity and bias • analysing and evaluating information and data from a variety of sources to determine validity, reliability and bias • critically analysing and evaluating information and data from a variety of sources to determine validity, reliability and bias • recognising concepts that form the basis of present-day biological issues in a range of biological contexts. • recognising that a given issue has biological implications. • making unsupported decisions The candidate communicates by restating supplied information. The candidate communicates by: The candidate communicates by: The candidate communicates by: The candidate communicates by: • selecting relevant information and data to make plausible decisions and predictions E D C B A (continued) 22 2011 Biology — Paper Two — Question and response book Acknowledgments Aubusson P, Kennedy E & Hickman P 2004, Biology in Context: The spectrum of life, 2nd edn, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, Vic. Evans K, Ladiges PY & McKenzie J et al 2004, Biology: A contextual approach, Pearson Heinemann, Port Melbourne, Vic. Evans K, Ladiges PY & McKenzie J 1994, Biology One, 2nd edn, Heinemann Educational Australia, Port Melbourne, Vic. Every reasonable effort has been made to contact owners of copyright material. We would be pleased to hear from any copyright owner who has been omitted or incorrectly acknowledged. 2011 Biology — Paper Two — Question and response book 23 Queensland Studies Authority 154 Melbourne Street, South Brisbane PO Box 307 Spring Hill QLD 4004 Australia T +61 7 3864 0299 F +61 7 3221 2553 www.qsa.qld.edu.au © The State of Queensland (Queensland Studies Authority) 2011 Copyright protects this material. Copyright in the Senior External Examination is owned by the State of Queensland and/or the Queensland Studies Authority. Copyright in some of the material may be owned by third parties. Except as permitted by the Copyright Act 1968 (Cwlth), reproduction by any means (photocopying, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise), making available online, electronic transmission or other publication of this material is prohibited without prior written permission of the relevant copyright owner/s. The Queensland Studies Authority requires to be recognised as the source of the Senior External Examination and requires that its material remain unaltered. Enquiries relating to copyright in this material, which is owned by the State of Queensland or the Queensland Studies Authority, should be addressed to: Manager Publishing Unit Email: publishing@qsa.qld.edu.au
