McMaster University
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
FLUID MECHANICS II (ME4S3)
Fall 2003
OBJECTIVES
You will be introduced to the differential analysis technique for solving fluid flow problems. While the
course may involve some mathematics, the emphasis will be on the physical understanding of the flow and
practical applications. Both internal and external flows are considered. The latter part of the course is
devoted to studying fluid machinery and compressible flows.
TEXT:
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
Fox, R.W., McDonald, A.T and Pritchard, P.J., Sixth Edition, John Wiley.
INSTRUCTOR:
Dr. C.Y. Ching
Office: JHE103
Phone: 525 9140 ext. 24998
email: chingcy@mcmaster.ca
LECTURES:
Monday 9:30 – 10:20
Tuesday 10:30 – 11:20
Thursday 9:30 – 10:20
OFFICE HOURS:
Tuesday & Thursday 14:00 - 15:00 or anytime I’m in my office.
HOMEWORK
Homework problem-solving is an essential element of this course. Individual work is required on all
problems. Over the course of the semester, 10 homework sets are planned. Homework is due by 12
Noon on the date assigned. Late submissions will not be accepted. Solutions to the homework will be
available in the Thode Library by 4 p.m. on the day it is due.
TESTS AND EXAMINATIONS
There will be two in-class tests and a final examination. The material to be covered in each test and exam
will be cumulative.
GRADING SYSTEM
Final grades will be determined by the following weighting of homework, tests and final exam.
Homework
10%
Test (2 @ 15% each)
30%
Final Exam
60%
_____
Final Grade
100%
SUGGESTED READING:
A Physical Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, A.J. Smits, John Wiley
Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, B.R.Munson, D.F.Young and T.H.Okiishi, John Wiley
Fluid Mechanics, F.R. White, McGraw-Hill
Academic dishonesty consists of misrepresentation by deception or by other fraudulent means and can
result in serious consequences, e.g. the grade of zero on an assignment, loss of credit with a notation on
the transcript (notation reads: “Grade of F assigned for academic dishonesty”), and/or suspension or
expulsion from the university. It your responsibility to understand what constitutes academic dishonesty.
For information on the various kinds of academic dishonesty please refer to the Academic Integrity
Policy, specifically Appendix 3, located at http://www.mcmaster.ca/senate/academic/ac_integrity.htm.
ME4S03 Fluid Mechanics II. Introduction to potential flows, internal and external laminar and turbulent incompressible
flows. Introduction to compressible flows and incompressible flow machines
Course Outline
1. Differential Analysis of Fluid Motion
1.1 Fluid Element Kinematics
1.1.1 Acceleration
1.1.2 Fluid Rotation
1.1.3 Fluid Deformation
1.2 Conservation of Mass
1.3 Conservation of Momentum
1.3.1 Forces Acting on a Fluid Particle
1.3.2 Differential Momentum Equation
1.3.3 Navier-Stokes Equations
2. Internal Incompressible Viscous Flow
2.1 Steady, Laminar Flow Between Fixed Parallel Plates
2.2 Couette Flow
2.3 Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes
2.4 Lubrication Flow
3. External Incompressible Viscous Flow
3.1 Boundary Layers
3.1.1 Boundary Layer Thicknesses
3.1.2 Laminar Flat-Plate Boundary Layer Equations
3.1.3 Turbulent Boundary Layers
3.1.4 Momentum Integral Boundary Layer Equation
3.1.5 Approximate Solutions
3.2 Drag
3.2.1 Friction Drag
3.2.2 Pressure Drag
3.2.3 Friction and Pressure Drag
3.2.4 Drag Coefficient Data and Examples
3.3 Lift
4. Fluid Machinery
4.1 Classification of Fluid Machines
4.2 Turbomachinery Analysis
4.3 Performance Characteristics
4.4 Fluid Systems
5. Compressible Flow
5.1 Review of Thermodynamic Relations
5.2 Definition of Compressibility
5.3 Propagation of Sound Waves
5.4 Basic Equations for Isentropic Flow
5.5 Isentropic Flow of an Ideal Gas
5.6 Nozzle Flows
5.7 Diffusers
5.8 Converging-Diverging Nozzles
5.9 Normal Shock Waves
5.10 Oblique Shock and Expansion Waves
Text
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, Fox, R.W., McDonald, A.T and Pritchard, P.J., Sixth Edition, John Wiley.
FLUID MECHANICS II (ME4S03)
NOTES ON HOMEWORK SOLUTIONS
Homework policies/procedures
1. Homework is due by 12 Noon on the date assigned.
Late submissions will not be accepted.
2. Solutions to the Homework problems will be available in the Thode Library by 5 p.m. on the date
the assignment is due.
3. Performance on homework assignments comprise 10% of a student’s final grade; consequently
individual work is required on all homework problems. Students are encouraged to discuss with one
another the general principles involved in the homework sets, but solutions to each problem must be
attempted individually. Duplicate solutions indicating copying among students will be considered
cheating and will be dealt with strictly.
Homework format
1. Use 8-1/2 x 11 paper, and write on one side only.
Do not use paper torn from a spiral notebook.
2. Start each problem on a new page.
3. Follow the methodology described on page 2 of your text.
Clearly label each step of the solution (KNOWN, FIND, SCHEMATIC, ASSUMPTIONS ,
ANALYSIS etc.)
4. Develop the analysis as far as possible before substituting numerical values.
If possible, give the answer algebraically before computing the final numerical answer.
5. Clearly indicate your final answer.
Be sure to include appropriate units.
6. Attach a listing of any computer program(s) used in the solution.
Homework grading
Most problems will be graded on a 10-point scale, with points awarded in the following typical
distribution.
Use of proper paper, format;steps clearly labeled
1
Schematic, complete with appropriate control volume
1
Appropriate assumptions
1
Clearly-developed and correct analysis
5
Algebraic solution (if possible)
1
Numerical result (if required), with appropriate units
1