Financial Health Analysis E Sample Choir L Report Page Overview 1 Dashboard 2 Overall Annual Performance Overview Unrestricted Revenue & Expenses Unrestricted Surplus (Deficit) Separating Operating Revenue from Capital Revenue & Full Cost P Overview Earned Revenue Composition Contributed Revenue Composition Revenue Sources Relative to Expenses Expense Composition Coverage of Estimated Full Costs M 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 12 14 15 Health of Balance Sheet & Liquidity A S Overview Asset Composition Gross Fixed Asset Composition Accumulated Depreciation Liabilities as a Percent of Assets Liability Composition Total Net Asset Composition Liquidity of Unrestricted Net Assets Asset Restriction and Liquidity Liquidity Indicators 17 18 20 21 22 23 25 26 28 29 Financial Statements Income Statement Balance Sheet Trends Report run: 05/29/2012 31 32 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Overview The Nonprofit Finance Fund (NFF) Financial Health Analysis provides an indepth look at your organization’s financial situation. Whether you are a business or artistic decision maker, this report can help you assess the impact of your choices on your organization’s viability and vibrancy. The analysis in this report provides your staff, board members, funders and stakeholders with: 1) knowledge about your organization’s business dynamics, financial strengths and weaknesses, 2) language for communicating your resource needs and 3) insights to inform future planning and decision making. The report is meant to be a starting point for dialogue and exploration. The Financial Health Analysis can be used by your organization in any number of ways, including: E L To launch or inform strategic/business planning As an annual financial “check-up” for review at management and board levels To communicate financial condition and funding requirements to donors and other stakeholders As a training resource for new executives and board members To inform the annual budgeting and financial planning process To educate program and other “non-financial” staff about the organization’s financial health To inform consultants working with you on financial planning and other capacity-building efforts P In reading your report, please remember that, while there may be general ranges of acceptability, there is no “right” ratio or other metric that defines financial health. Your leadership should be asking what is appropriate for your organization, considering a host of factors such as: size, stage of growth, business model, riskiness of artistic programming, environmental risk, and strategic or program ambitions. Ultimately, we hope this report will assist your leadership in considering which business decisions are most likely to bring your organization into better balance artistically and financially. M The Financial Health Analysis consists of three main sections: A Dashboard – Highlights key financial and business indicators for your organization, and can help answer the question: what metrics should we look at and what do they mean for our organization? Graphs and Explanatory Text – These multi-year graphs provide a basic financial overview of your organization. This section also contains explanatory narrative that provides context about your data and its implications, as well as key questions to elicit conversation about the connections among your operations, programs and capital structure. S Financial Statements – Provide a snapshot of your organization’s income statement (also known as the statement of activity) and balance sheet (also known as the statement of position) over multiple years. NFF has organized the information in categories we find useful for analysis. If your organization does not produce a balance sheet, sections of this report that focus on balance sheet health may not apply. Viewing and Printing Your Report You can print any individual section of this report from the section itself, or print the report in its entirety, by clicking the Print button at the top of the page. Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 1 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Dashboard Overall Annual Performance Total expenses (before depreciation) Expense growth (annual) Unrestricted surplus/deficit before depreciation * Unrestricted surplus/deficit as a % of expenses Unrestricted surplus/deficit after depreciation * FY 2010 FY 2010 FY 2011 $13,049,998 n/a $1,365,045 10% $534,319 $13,049,998 0% $1,365,045 10% $534,319 $14,081,502 8% $1,387,115 10% $462,383 FY 2010 FY 2010 FY 2011 $15,290,891 $13,880,724 $1,087,500 $0 $16,535,951 $15,236,541 $1,173,459 $0 FY 2010 FY 2010 FY 2011 $14,466,078 $20,137,707 51% 32% 6.1 12.5 $14,466,078 $20,137,707 51% 32% 6.1 12.5 $16,116,191 $20,328,014 51% 33% 6.9 12.9 Revenue and Estimated Full Cost ** Total unrestricted revenue Estimated full cost One month of savings Additional revenue required to meet full cost and achieve one month of savings Health of Balance Sheet and Liquidity Cash and investments (excluding permanently restricted) Gross fixed assets Accumulated depreciation as % of gross fixed assets Liabilities as % of assets Months of working capital Months of cash and investments (excluding permanently restricted) M $15,290,891 n/a $1,087,500 n/a P E L A * Unrestricted Revenue may include both operating revenue and capital. Please see the section titled "Separating Operating Revenue from Capital". ** NFF calculates full cost as the sum of: 1) operating expenses, 2) annual debt repayments, 3) depreciation expense, and 4) fixed asset purchases. While nonprofits rarely cover full costs every year, NFF encourages you to consider which of these items should be included in your annual planning. S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 2 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Overall Annual Performance Overview Unrestricted surpluses, found on the income statement (also known as the statement of activities), are integral to long-term financial health. Breaking even every year is rarely enough for organizations with a long-term horizon. Deficits mean that your organization is borrowing money or depleting its cash. Consistent deficits can threaten the viability of your mission and programs. Nonprofit cultural organizations need surpluses to manage artistic and environmental risks and to pursue new strategies and innovations. These surpluses should be sufficient in size to meet annual debt obligations and make critical repairs to and investments in any fixed assets. Surplus cash can also be set aside as a savings strategy for the longer term. Some arts organizations have programming cycles that generate surpluses in certain years and deficits in others. In this case, a question to ask is whether the cash generated in surplus years is sufficient to cover the deficit years, while also contributing to necessary savings. E NFF encourages cultural organizations to examine annual performance on a strictly operating basis, segregating one -time or episodic infusions of capital —whether for facilities or other fixed assets, reserves, or organizational growth or change—from unrestricted revenue. Please see the section titled “Separating Operating Revenue from Capital” for further information on the distinction between operating revenue and capital. L P M A S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 3 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Overall Annual Performance Unrestricted Revenue & Expenses Does Revenue Consistently Cover Expenses? This graph shows changes to the size of your organization over time, measured here by expense trends, and indicates whether expenses are consistently managed in line with unrestricted revenue. If unrestricted revenue consistently exceeds expenses, your organization is in a better position to preserve key assets, manage cash flow cycles and repay debts. Surpluses can be saved in reserve for a rainy day or other board-designated purpose, strengthening long-term financial health. Regular deficits suggest a need to revisit underlying revenue and expense dynamics with an eye toward making decisions that align costs with revenue realities. E Note: In the graph below, unrestricted revenue may include capital. See the section titled "Separating Operating Revenue from Capital" for further information on the distinction between operating revenue and capital. L P M A Unrestricted Revenue & Expenses FY 2010 FY 2010 FY 2011 Data Profile line items included in calculations Investments - realized gains/losses Investments - unrealized Total unrestricted revenue Total depreciation expense Total expenses $2,579,681 (1,703,833) 15,290,891 830,726 $13,880,724 $2,579,681 (1,703,833) 15,290,891 830,726 $13,880,724 ($183,310) 1,250,644 16,535,951 924,732 $15,006,234 Calculations included in chart Unrestricted revenue Expenses (before depreciation) $14,415,043 $13,049,998 $14,415,043 $13,049,998 $15,468,617 $14,081,502 S During the period analyzed, did your organization regularly cover its expenses? What might your organization do differently to correct any current imbalance between revenue and expenses? If you choose to grow or change your organization, how will you need to concurrently adjust your revenue goals to ensure coverage of expenses? Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 4 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Overall Annual Performance Unrestricted Surplus (Deficit) What is the Size of Unrestricted Surpluses (Deficits)? This graph illustrates how far above or below the break even mark your organization is performing both before and after depreciation. Percentage calculations allow you to focus and set surplus targets in relation to your organization’s budget size. Consistent unrestricted surpluses contribute to covering the full cost of operations, while also building long-term health. At times, leadership may need to make difficult decisions to bring expenses into better alignment with revenue while preserving program quality. E In evaluating your organization’s surplus requirements, it is important to distinguish between results before and after depreciation. Depreciation reflects the concept that fixed assets lose value over time and need to be replaced. Your leadership may want to consider setting aside all or a portion of annual depreciation expense for future repairs of and improvements to fixed assets. (An engineer’s assessment can provide a better estimate of annual and long-term needs). If your organization is generating surpluses before depreciation but deficits after depreciation, it may be experiencing difficulty saving funds for fixed asset investments that are critical to program safety and effectiveness. L Note: In the graph below, unrestricted surplus (deficit) may include capital in the calculation of unrestricted revenue. See the section titled "Separating Operating Revenue from Capital" for further information on the distinction between operating revenue and capital. P M A S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 5 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis: Unrestricted Surplus (Deficit) Unrestricted Surplus (Deficit) Data Profile line items included in calculations Investments - realized gains/losses Investments - unrealized gains/losses Total unrestricted revenue Total depreciation expense Total expenses Calculations included in chart Unrestricted surplus/deficit before depreciation FY 2010 FY 2010 FY 2011 $2,579,681 (1,703,833) 15,290,891 830,726 $13,880,724 $2,579,681 (1,703,833) 15,290,891 830,726 $13,880,724 ($183,310) 1,250,644 16,535,951 924,732 $15,006,234 $1,365,045 $1,365,045 $1,387,115 10% 10% 10% $534,319 $534,319 $462,383 4% 3% Unrestricted surplus/deficit before depreciation as a % of expenses Unrestricted surplus/deficit after depreciation Unrestricted surplus/deficit after depreciation as a % of expenses 4% E L How consistent have unrestricted surpluses been over time? Have results been improving or getting worse? Does your organization budget for and manage to generate regular surpluses in preparation for future challenges and mission-related opportunities? If you have significant fixed assets, are you saving surplus cash to pay for future repairs and replacements (i.e., are you covering depreciation)? P M A S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 6 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Overall Annual Performance Separating Operating Revenue from Capital Is your Organization Profitable on an Operating Basis? Operating revenue and capital are often conflated in audited financial statements. This practice, while compliant with generally accepted accounting principles, can mask actual operating performance by making an organization look more profitable than it actually is. Operating revenue includes only the revenue available to offset expenses associated with your organization’s regular operations, including programming. E A few examples of capital include: funds for a facility project, cash reserve or organizational expansion effort, or gains from one-time events, such as a bequest or the sale of fixed assets. These items often hide the dynamics of an organization’s true operations and can lead to misinformed planning and decision-making if not properly understood and considered separately. NFF encourages your organization to examine annual performance on a strictly operating basis in internal reports and, if possible, in audited statements. CDP makes it possible to distinguish during annual data entry between revenue available for operations and capital in lines 37 and 38 of Section 3 of the CDP data profile. L P M A S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 7 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Revenue & Full Cost Overview There is no one ideal mix of revenue, other than the one that consistently covers costs while contributing to long-term financial health. In addition to mission activities (e.g., performances, classes, exhibits, etc.) that generate earned revenue from core programming, every nonprofit operates a separate “subsidy business” to obtain supplemental revenue to fill the gap between earned revenue and expenses. Fundraising, or contributed revenue, is the most typical form of subsidy. Other examples might include: rental income, endowment income, and revenue from a shop or café. E Each type of fundraising, whether from individuals, foundations, corporations or the government, requires a different set of skills and expertise, and arts organizations should evaluate their existing core competencies before pursuing a new type of fundraising. The reliability, repeatability and flexibility of revenue, as well as the sufficiency of unrestricted revenue to cover costs, are often more indicative of financial health than revenue diversity and the breakdown of earned vs. contributed revenue. The key is to determine the best revenue mix for your organization and to invest in the related staff and infrastructure to sustain it. L Revenue goals should be established based on an understanding of the estimated full costs of maintaining a healthy organization. Your organization’s full costs of doing business likely exceed the program-related and administrative functions in the annual operating budget. With an understanding of your organization’s full costs, your leadership can better communicate to funders, board members and other stakeholders the resources needed to truly support effective and innovative programming. A full-cost analysis should also inform the budgeting process. P M A S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 8 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Revenue & Full Cost Earned Revenue Composition What Are Your Sources of Earned Revenue? This graph provides detail about the sources and reliability of earned revenue, which usually derives from activities relating to cultural programming, such as: tuition, attendance, memberships, etc. Nonprofit “self-sufficiency,” achieved through earned revenue covering expenses, is rarely possible in our sector. Organizational viability often depends on securing a mix of relatively reliable earned and contributed funds that collectively cover full costs. E In reviewing trends in earned revenue over time, consider whether activities that may not be directly associated with program activity core to your organization’s mission (such as space rental, concession sales, etc.) are generating net revenue after accounting for related costs and staff time. For example, is renting excess square footage or running the boutique making or losing your organization money? L P For the purposes of this graph, only the five largest earned revenue categories are displayed. M A Earned Revenue Detail Subscriptions - performance Ticket sales Other earned revenue Rental income Touring fees S FY 2010 FY 2010 FY 2011 $3,524,100 2,154,347 1,156,482 438,576 $535,413 $3,524,100 2,154,347 1,156,482 438,576 $535,413 $3,586,307 2,606,635 881,301 455,868 $314,367 How has your organization’s earned revenue dynamics changed over time? Do you have a clear sense of whom your organization serves and your constituents’ willingness and ability to pay for programs and/or services? Are your activities reasonably priced, based on an assessment of cost and competition? Have you invested adequately in marketing resources to promote your core activities? Are you generating revenue through earned income activities that may not be mission related and if so, do these activities fully cover their costs? Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 9 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Revenue & Full Cost Contributed Revenue Composition What Are Your Sources of Contributed Revenue? This graph provides detail about sources of unrestricted contributed revenue and their reliability over time. Contributed revenue—whether from individuals, foundations, corporations or government agencies—represents funds for which no products or services are provided in direct exchange. (Institutional funders often provide dollars that support specific programs, but those programs are not directly benefiting the funders). Nonprofits rely on unrestricted contributed income to cover the gap between expenses and revenue earned through programs and other business activity. This dependency on contributions is structural: nonprofits often provide services for which there is no predictable commercial return. As organizations grow, their need for unrestricted contributed revenue often increases as the gap between earned income and expenses widens. E Your organization may experience normal volatility in contributions if your programming goes through cycles where expenses fluctuate with revenue. Unexpected declines in revenue, however, need to be assessed for cause, with appropriate action taken to identify replacement revenue or reduce expenses. L Note: In the graph below, unrestricted revenue streams may include capital if your organization has embarked on a capital campaign or otherwise received episodic infusions of funds for non-operating purposes. P M For the purposes of this graph, only the six largest contributed revenue categories are displayed. A * Net assets released from restriction will represent revenue from some of the same sources but are rarely broken out as such in reviewed, compiled or audited financial statements S Contributed Revenue Detail Individual contributions Net assets released from restrictions* Special events - fundraising Foundation contributions In-kind contributions Corporate contributions Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. FY 2010 FY 2010 FY 2011 $1,925,791 986,814 1,225,157 826,536 238,775 $392,000 $1,925,791 986,814 1,225,157 826,536 238,775 $392,000 $1,519,546 1,506,801 1,259,968 939,500 389,531 $345,030 Page 10 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis: Contributed Revenue Composition Which revenue streams appear to be relatively consistent and reliable over time? Is your organization investing in its capacity (staff, skills, time, etc.) to generate revenue that supports your activities? Which revenue streams may be at risk and what are your plans to replace them (or to make offsetting cost reductions)? Are you able to turn down funding that might take your organization off course? E L P M A S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 11 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Revenue & Full Cost Revenue Sources Relative to Expenses How Much of Your Expenses Are Covered by Each Type of Revenue? This graph shows the mix among unrestricted earned revenue, contributed revenue, and investment income. It compares these revenue sources to annual expenses before depreciation, illustrating whether and how your organization covers its annual expenses. If the total amount of the stacked bars representing revenue in a particular year is equal to or higher than the concurrent expense line amount, your organization is generating an unrestricted surplus. Working toward a revenue model that fully covers expenses is critical for organizational stability and health. E Note: In the graph below, unrestricted revenue streams may include capital if your organization has embarked on a capital campaign or otherwise received episodic infusions of funds for non-operating purposes. L P M Unrestricted Revenue Coverage of Expenses FY 2010 FY 2010 FY 2011 Data Profile line items included in calculations Investments - realized gains/losses Investments - unrealized gains/losses Interest & dividends Total earned revenue unrestricted Total contributed revenue unrestricted Total depreciation expense Total expenses $2,579,681 (1,703,833) 189,237 9,407,867 5,883,024 830,726 $13,880,724 $2,579,681 (1,703,833) 189,237 9,407,867 5,883,024 830,726 $13,880,724 ($183,310) 1,250,644 628,932 10,205,881 6,330,070 924,732 $15,006,234 Calculations included in chart Investment income Contributed revenue Earned revenue Expenses (before depreciation) $189,237 $5,883,024 $8,342,782 $13,049,998 $189,237 $5,883,024 $8,342,782 $13,049,998 $628,932 $6,330,070 $8,509,615 $14,081,502 A S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 12 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis: Revenue Sources Relative to Historically, with what mix of revenue has your organization covered annual expenses? Has the mix of revenue remained relatively stable over time? Do you anticipate possible changes to this mix in the future and, if so, have you prepared for those changes? If your organization has an endowment or other investments, what is their reliable annual income contribution to your operations? E L P M A S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 13 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Revenue & Full Cost Expense Composition What Are the Notable Trends in Expenses? This graph illustrates your top five expense categories. While financial statements often group expenses by their functional classification (e.g., program, general and administrative expenses), nonprofit managers and boards need to understand the specific nature of expenses incurred in running their day-to-day operations. Many arts organizations will find that they spend a significant portion of their overall costs on salaried personnel and artist fees. E L P For the purposes of this graph, only the five largest expense categories are displayed. Expenses (before depreciation) Total salaries & fringe Artists & performers - non-salaried Advertising and marketing Production & exhibition costs Utilities Sum of remaining expenses M A FY 2010 FY 2010 FY 2011 $6,469,854 1,062,501 698,462 312,723 386,571 $4,119,887 $6,469,854 1,062,501 698,462 312,723 386,571 $4,119,887 $7,261,058 708,913 663,946 561,046 453,356 $4,433,183 Which have been your organization’s most significant expense drivers over time? Which expense categories have changed significantly over time? Which expenses are fixed, meaning they cannot easily be reduced if revenue decreases? S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 14 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Revenue & Full Cost Coverage of Estimated Full Costs Does Revenue Cover the Full Cost of Doing Business? This graph estimates your organization’s annual full cost of doing business, which is calculated here as the sum of: 1) operating expenses, 2) annual debt repayments 3) depreciation expense, and 4) fixed asset purchases. Organizations frequently budget only to meet annual operating expenses before depreciation. However, you should consider setting annual revenue targets high enough to cover all of these full costs, plus savings goals. Savings equivalent to one month of cash is used here as a suggested practice. E The line in the graph shows whether unrestricted revenue covers full costs and one month of savings each year. If the revenue line is above the top of the stacked bars, your organization is likely maintaining and building a healthy enterprise that is supportive of your organization’s mission and programs. L While nonprofits rarely cover full costs every year, NFF encourages you to consider which of these items should be included in your annual budgeting and fundraising planning. If investments in fixed assets are made to replace existing depreciating items, rather than to purchase new items, there may be some double counting when you add depreciation to purchases of fixed assets. Your organization may also set lower or higher annual savings goals based on individual priorities and needs. Note: Both operating revenue and capital can be used to cover full costs; therefore, total unrestricted revenue is used in the graph below. P M A S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 15 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis: Coverage of Estimated Full Costs Estimated Full Cost Plus Savings Data Profile line items included in calculations Investments - realized gains/losses Investments - unrealized gains/losses Total unrestricted revenue Total depreciation expense Total expenses Fixed Assets Land Building Furniture, fixtures & equipment Leasehold improvements Credit line - total repayments during FY Mortgages - total repayments during FY Other loans and notes - total repayments during FY Calculations included in chart One month of savings Depreciation expense Purchases of fixed assets Estimated debt principal payment Expenses (before depreciation) Unrestricted revenue FY 2010 FY 2010 FY 2011 $2,579,681 (1,703,833) 15,290,891 830,726 13,880,724 $2,579,681 (1,703,833) 15,290,891 830,726 13,880,724 ($183,310) 1,250,644 16,535,951 924,732 15,006,234 1,093,840 15,012,448 4,031,419 0 0 0 $0 1,093,840 15,012,448 4,031,419 0 0 0 $0 1,093,840 15,123,660 4,110,514 0 0 0 ($40,000) $1,087,499 $830,726 $0 $0 $13,049,998 $14,415,043 $1,173,458 $924,732 $190,307 $40,000 $14,081,502 $15,468,617 $1,087,499 $830,726 n/a $0 $13,049,998 $14,415,043 P E L Is your organization, on an annual basis, setting revenue goals high enough to cover most or all of its full costs? Do you take steps to cover depreciation (and set aside those funds so they are available for meeting future facility needs)? Are you able to make your debt principal payments on time? What does your organization consider a reasonable annual savings goal? What steps will you take to achieve this goal? M A S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 16 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Health of Balance Sheet & Liquidity Overview The balance sheet, also known as the statement of financial position, reveals your organization’s ability to manage risk and pursue opportunities. It is a snapshot of your organization’s financial condition at a specific point in time– in the case of this report, each fiscal year end. The balance sheet includes your organization’s assets (what it owns), liabilities (what it owes to others) and net assets (net worth). A strong balance sheet has enough cash (or access to cash) to maintain and upgrade fixed assets, repay short- and long-term obligations, weather the unexpected and pursue new innovations. Annual operating performance determines balance sheet health. Net assets will increase by the size of any surplus each year, while deficits will decrease net assets. Organizations that run deficits resort to depleting existing cash, extending payables and/or maxing out their line of credit to cover costs in excess of revenue. E Your organization’s business and programming needs should inform the magnitude and composition of its assets and net assets. For example, a museum with a permanent collection might require a building and significant cash in reserve to maintain it, while a dance company that tours might choose to rent rehearsal space and hold lower levels of cash on hand. Liabilities should be considered in relation to organizational ability to repay the obligation in a timely manner. Debt may be an appropriate tool for managing cash flow or financing the purchase of fixed assets but should be considered a temporary source of capital. L Liquidity, which represents cash or access to cash, is an integral part of balance sheet health. Cultural organizations require liquidity so they can manage the uneven timing of cash flow, cope with the unexpected, and take artistic risks. Liquidity provides flexibility and allows for adaptation within continuously changing environments. Determining liquidity is often complex for nonprofit organizations. Receivables can take longer than usual to collect. Cash and investments are often restricted by donors or associated with a liability (e.g., subscription or tuition revenue received for programming that occurs at a later date), creating the impression that a nonprofit is flush even when it may be dealing with a cash crunch. There is no “right” amount of liquidity. Organizations need more or less depending on a host of factors, including their stage of development, cash flow cycle, facility needs, and risk of artistic programming. P M A S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 17 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Health of Balance Sheet & Liquidity Asset Composition How Has Asset Distribution Changed Over Time? This graph illustrates your organization’s assets grouped by major category. The assets that comprise the balance sheet often influence business decisions and impact liquidity. Organizations with significant land, buildings and equipment and/or receivables often need more cash than those with less complex asset structures. Balance sheet complexity often, but not always, grows along with organizational size. E L P M A S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 18 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis: Asset Composition Total Assets Data Profile line items included in calculations Current Assets Cash & cash equivalents Accounts receivable Pledges receivable - current Grants receivable - current Inventory Endowment investments - board designated Endowment investments - permanently restricted Investments - all other marketable securities Prepaid expenses Non-Current Assets Fixed assets - land Fixed assets - building Fixed assets - furniture, fixtures & equipment Accumulated depreciation Pledges receivable - non-current Grants receivable - non-current Other - non-current assets FY 2010 FY 2010 FY 2011 $4,082,844 81,714 1,276,322 0 32,215 2,082,889 8,115,351 8,300,345 1,187,836 $4,082,844 81,714 1,276,322 0 32,215 2,082,889 8,115,351 8,300,345 1,187,836 $4,115,591 60,369 828,382 719,987 30,088 2,451,099 8,123,149 9,549,501 1,579,599 $1,093,840 15,012,448 4,031,419 (10,294,400) 700,078 0 $91,583 $1,093,840 15,012,448 4,031,419 (10,294,400) 700,078 0 $91,583 $1,093,840 15,123,660 4,110,514 (10,330,223) 27,189 431,000 $97,596 $4,082,844 $2,058,114 $9,843,307 $19,810,219 $4,115,591 $2,066,927 $9,997,791 $21,831,032 P Calculations included in chart Cash Receivables Fixed assets Investments & other assets $4,082,844 $2,058,114 $9,843,307 $19,810,219 E L M What assets does your organization require to support its mission and programs and does your current asset distribution align with these requirements? Does your mission require that you own a “home” or might your leadership want to explore other, less costly space alternatives? If receivables are significant, how readily do they convert to cash and do you have enough cash on hand in the interim to meet your expenses? Do you have adequate liquidity to manage the seasonality of your cash flow and save for a rainy day? A S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 19 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Health of Balance Sheet & Liquidity Gross Fixed Asset Composition What Is the Composition of Fixed Assets? This graph shows the composition of gross fixed assets and provides detail about leadership’s investment choices. Each type of fixed asset will require upgrade, replacement and/or repair in different times, and your leadership should understand and plan for future reinvestment requirements. E L P Gross Fixed Assets Leasehold improvements Furniture, fixtures & equipment Building Land M FY 2010 FY 2010 FY 2011 $0 4,031,419 15,012,448 $1,093,840 $0 4,031,419 15,012,448 $1,093,840 $0 4,110,514 15,123,660 $1,093,840 A What have been your most substantial fixed asset purchases, and how do your investments in fixed assets align with what you need to fulfill your mission? What are your plans for additional fixed assets (e.g., facility expansion, reconfiguration of leased space, new sets) and how will you pay for these purchases? If you plan to invest in fixed assets, how will any expansion impact your regular operations? Will additional ongoing costs be created and how will you pay for these new expenses? S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 20 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Health of Balance Sheet & Liquidity Accumulated Depreciation How Much of Your Fixed Assets Have Depreciated? This graph shows the percentage of your organization’s fixed assets that have depreciated. A high level of depreciation suggests deferred repair and replacement costs. Actively raising and setting aside funds to preserve fixed assets is critical to your organization’s ability to maintain safe operations and program quality. E L P M Accumulated Depreciation as % of Fixed Assets Data Profile line items included in calculations Land Building Furniture, fixtures & equipment Leasehold improvements Accumulated depreciation A Calculations included in chart Depreciated fixed assets Remaining fixed assets FY 2010 FY 2010 FY 2011 $1,093,840 15,012,448 4,031,419 0 ($10,294,400) $1,093,840 15,012,448 4,031,419 0 ($10,294,400) $1,093,840 15,123,660 4,110,514 0 ($10,330,223) 51% 49% 51% 49% 51% 49% S What has been the wear and tear on your fixed assets over time? If you own a building or other significant fixed assets, what investments do you need to make to ensure that these assets safely and properly support your programs? Does your leadership prioritize raising and setting aside surplus funds to cover annual depreciation expense (or a portion thereof)? Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 21 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Health of Balance Sheet & Liquidity Liabilities as a Percent of Assets How Are Your Assets Financed? This graph shows how much of your organization’s assets are owed to others versus wholly owned (free and clear of obligations) by the organization. If liabilities as a percent of assets exceeds 100%, your organization has negative net assets, meaning it owes more to others than it owns in assets. Special attention should be paid to a situation of steadily increasing liabilities or obligations exceeding 50% of assets. Before taking on debt or deferring payment to other parties, leadership should assess its ability to fulfill its obligations in a timely fashion. E L P Liabilities as a % of Assets Data Profile line items included in calculations Total liabilities & net assets Total assets M A Calculations included in chart Liabilities (dollar amount) Total net assets (dollar amount) Liabilities divided by assets (percentage) Total net assets divided by total assets (percentage) S FY 2010 FY 2010 FY 2011 $35,794,484 $35,794,484 $35,794,484 $35,794,484 $38,011,341 $38,011,341 $11,592,755 $24,201,729 32% 68% $11,592,755 $24,201,729 32% 68% $12,480,697 $25,530,644 33% 67% If you have significant fixed assets, have they been financed by debt? If so, what is your organization’s plan to repay obligations and/or borrow again? If you have significant receivables and insufficient levels of cash, how have you been bridging the period prior to the receipt of actual cash? For example, have you delayed payments to vendors, accessed a line of credit, or drawn down any cash savings? Are liabilities at a manageable level relative to your ability to repay or fulfill them? Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 22 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Health of Balance Sheet & Liquidity Liability Composition How Has the Distribution of Liabilities Changed Over Time? This graph shows the composition of your organization’s obligations to others, whether in the forms of debt, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and/or future programming commitments (i.e., deferred revenue). When managed properly, liabilities are a normal element of your organization’s financial structure. Debt may be an appropriate tool for managing cash flow or financing the strategic purchase of fixed assets but should be considered a temporary source of capital. Organizations that borrow need to understand the size of annual surpluses required each year to repay borrowed funds over the life of the loan. Organizations that delay payments to others and/or spend cash restricted or earmarked for future programming may be putting themselves at risk by jeopardizing relationships with important suppliers or constituents. E L P M A S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 23 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis: Liability Composition Total Liabilities Data Profile line items included in calculations Current Liabilities Accounts payable Accrued expenses Other loans & notes - current Deferred revenue Other current liabilities FY 2010 FY 2010 FY 2011 $1,022,745 355,152 0 3,444,223 $432,273 $1,022,745 355,152 0 3,444,223 $432,273 $896,591 340,178 160,000 4,145,566 $45,282 6,100,000 $238,362 6,100,000 $238,362 6,700,000 $193,080 $1,377,897 $3,444,223 $6,100,000 $670,635 $1,377,897 $3,444,223 $6,100,000 $670,635 $1,236,769 $4,145,566 $6,860,000 $238,362 Non-Current Liabilities Other loans & notes - non-current Other - non-current liabilities Calculations included in chart Accounts payable and accrued expenses Deferred revenue Debt Other E L Has your organization delayed payables, incurred debt, or prematurely spent revenue earmarked for the future as a way of accessing cash to fund operations? If your organization has debt, what is the impact of annual debt service on your cash flow? What is your strategy to reduce payables or accrued expenses that are growing or high? P M A S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 24 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Health of Balance Sheet & Liquidity Total Net Asset Composition What Is the Composition of Your Net Assets? The flexibility of your organization’s net worth can be limited by donor-imposed restrictions. While unrestricted net assets have no donor-imposed stipulations, they may or may not be liquid and available for operations (see next graph). Temporarily restricted net assets are most useful when they can be released in a timely fashion and are sufficient to cover the true costs of particular programs or projects. In the cultural sector, permanently restricted net assets most commonly represent an endowment (but may also be a historical building). E L P Total Net Assets Unrestricted net assets Temporarily restricted net assets Permanently restricted net assets M A FY 2010 FY 2010 FY 2011 $12,738,245 $3,303,188 $8,160,296 $12,738,245 $3,303,188 $8,160,296 $14,267,962 $3,125,308 $8,137,374 What portion of your organization’s net assets has been restricted by donors and therefore, is not immediately available for general operating purposes? Do you have any ability to negotiate the terms of restricted funds? Do you have a permanently restricted endowment and, if so, what percent of the annual operating budget does its annual distribution cover reliably? Has your leadership considered all options for longer-term financial sustainability, including the benefits and limitations of a permanently restricted endowment or a more flexible board-designated reserve? S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 25 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Health of Balance Sheet & Liquidity Liquidity of Unrestricted Net Assets How Much of Your Unrestricted Net Assets Are Available to Support Operations? As previously stated, not all unrestricted net assets are liquid and available. This graph shows the composition of your organization’s unrestricted net assets, divided into three categories: fixed assets net of debt and accumulated depreciation (i.e., the “home equity” portion of your net worth), board designated reserves, and unrestricted liquid net assets. Unrestricted liquid net assets, built up through the generation of unrestricted surpluses, provide your management with the most flexibility as they can be spent for any purpose at management’s discretion. Boarddesignated funds can be established for any number of strategic purposes, including to seed new programs, manage cash flow, and/or finance fixed asset investments. Note: Fixed assets that are fully depreciated will no longer show as an asset on your balance sheet. E L P M A S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 26 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis: Liquidity of Unrestricted Net Assets Unrestricted Net Assets Data Profile line items included in calculations Fixed Assets Land Building Furniture, fixtures & equipment Leasehold improvements Accumulated depreciation Endowment investments - board designated Mortgages payable - current Mortgages payable - non-current Total unrestricted net assets Calculations included in chart Fixed assets, net of debt and accumulated depreciation Board-designated reserves Liquid net assets FY 2010 FY 2010 FY 2011 $1,093,840 15,012,448 4,031,419 0 (10,294,400) 2,082,889 0 0 $12,738,245 $1,093,840 15,012,448 4,031,419 0 (10,294,400) 2,082,889 0 0 $12,738,245 $1,093,840 15,123,660 4,110,514 0 (10,330,223) 2,451,099 0 0 $14,267,962 $9,843,307 $2,082,889 $812,049 E L $9,843,307 $2,082,889 $812,049 $9,997,791 $2,451,099 $1,819,072 Over time, how much of your organization’s net assets have been liquid and available for operations, as opposed to invested in property or equipment? Have you taken action to increase your liquid net assets through the generation of unrestricted surpluses over time? Has your leadership established more formal board-designated reserves with specific policies governing their drawdown and replacement? If not, does your organization have another strategy for raising short-term liquidity and longer term savings? P M A S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 27 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Health of Balance Sheet & Liquidity Asset Restriction and Liquidity What is the Risk Profile or Your Organization’s Assets? This graph illustrates the restriction level and relative liquidity of each of your organization’s asset categories. The more restricted and fixed your assets, the less flexible their usage. Organizations with highly restricted and illiquid assets (for example, a building owner with a permanently restricted endowment) put their programs at risk unless they build unrestricted liquidity alongside these assets. Organizations with relatively more unrestricted and liquid assets are often better equipped to plan for and manage risk and change. E L P M 2011 Risk Profile: Asset Restriction and Liquidity Cash Receivables Investments & other Fixed assets A Unrestricted $2,576,177 $470,509 $13,704,182 $9,997,791 Temp. Restricted Perm. Restricted $1,539,414 $1,585,894 $0 $0 $0 $10,524 $8,126,850 $0 Given the liquidity of and restrictions on your assets, how would you assess your organization’s ability to withstand risk? Has your organization had sufficient unrestricted cash to manage the unexpected or has your balance sheet been more concentrated in less flexible, fixed and/or restricted assets? If the latter, how might your leadership build an adequate cash cushion to protect against artistic and environmental uncertainty? S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 28 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Health of Balance Sheet & Liquidity Liquidity Indicators What is Your Access to Cash? This graph shows how much cash or assets readily convertible to cash are available to your organization. Liquidity is presented in terms of “months of expenses.” Months of cash, for example, measures how long your organization could operate solely with existing cash at current expense levels. Determining liquidity is often complex for nonprofit organizations because cash and investments can be restricted or earmarked for future purposes and therefore, unavailable for general and immediate use. Every organization will be unique in its liquidity needs, and targets should be set in the context of short and long-term cash needs and priorities. E This graph provides several ways to think about liquidity; the bars should be considered independently and not additively. While unrestricted cash is the most readily available for operations, temporarily restricted cash and investments may also be accessible for critical program and staff expenses. Months of working capital subtracts unrestricted current liabilities from unrestricted current assets (excluding investments), providing leadership with a liquidity measure net of obligations. An available line of credit is another source of liquidity available to bridge gaps in timing between cash expenditures and cash receipts. L P M A S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 29 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis: Liquidity Indicators Liquidity Indicators Data Profile line items included in calculations Current Assets Cash & cash equivalents Accounts receivable Pledges receivable - current Grants receivable - current Inventory Endowment investments - board designated Investments - all other marketable securities Prepaid expenses Current Liabilities Accounts payable Accrued expenses Other loans & notes - current Deferred revenue Other current liabilities Total expenses Monthly expenses (includes depreciation and in-kind contributions) Calculations included in chart Months of unrestricted cash M FY 2010 FY 2011 $4,082,844 81,714 1,276,322 0 32,215 2,082,889 8,300,345 1,187,836 $4,082,844 81,714 1,276,322 0 32,215 2,082,889 8,300,345 1,187,836 $4,115,591 60,369 828,382 719,987 30,088 2,451,099 9,549,501 1,579,599 $1,022,745 355,152 0 3,444,223 432,273 $1,022,745 355,152 0 3,444,223 432,273 $896,591 340,178 160,000 4,145,566 45,282 13,880,724 $1,156,727 15,006,234 $1,250,520 2.2 12.5 2.2 12.5 2.1 12.9 6.1 0.0 6.1 0.0 6.9 0.0 13,880,724 $1,156,727 P Months of total cash and investments excluding permanently restricted Months of working capital Months of available line of credit FY 2010 E L Has your organization had sufficient liquidity on hand or available to manage cash cycles, handle the unexpected or respond to opportunities? Do you have enough in reserve to test new artistic ideas or seed innovative cultural programming? If cash is tight, how does your leadership plan to address this? If you have a line of credit, are you using it properly as a tool to manage cash flow, as opposed to using it as a source of cash to cover deficits? Does your leadership, in collaboration with management, set liquidity goals for the organization and manage to them? A S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 30 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Financial Statements Income Statement Income Statement FY 2010 FY 2010 FY 2011 $7,463,442 $879,340 $7,463,442 $879,340 $7,486,020 $1,023,595 $8,342,782 189,237 $8,342,782 189,237 $8,509,615 628,932 1,925,791 224,951 392,000 826,536 63,000 1,463,932 $986,814 1,925,791 224,951 392,000 826,536 63,000 1,463,932 $986,814 1,519,546 286,694 345,030 939,500 83,000 1,649,499 $1,506,801 $14,415,043 $14,415,043 $15,468,617 $6,469,854 1,062,501 698,462 312,723 386,571 414,113 0 $3,705,774 $6,469,854 1,062,501 698,462 312,723 386,571 414,113 0 $3,705,774 $7,261,058 708,913 663,946 561,046 453,356 441,148 437,747 $3,554,288 $13,049,998 $13,049,998 $14,081,502 $1,365,045 830,726 $534,319 $1,365,045 830,726 $534,319 $1,387,115 924,732 $462,383 Additional unrestricted investment activity Realized gains (losses) Unrealized gains (losses) 2,579,681 (1,703,833) 2,579,681 (1,703,833) (183,310) 1,250,644 Net unrestricted activity Net temporarily restricted activity Net permanently restricted activity $1,410,167 $1,371,390 $0 $1,410,167 $1,371,390 $0 $1,529,717 ($177,880) ($22,922) Net total activity $2,781,557 $2,781,557 $1,328,915 Unrestricted Activity Earned Program Non-program Total earned Interest & dividends Contributed Individual Board Corporate Foundation Government Other Net assets released from restrictions Total unrestricted revenue before investment gains/losses Expenses Total salaries & fringe Artists & performers - non-salaried Advertising and marketing Production & exhibition costs Utilities Interest expense Royalties/rights & reproductions Sum of remaining expenses M A Total expenses before depreciation Unrestricted surplus (deficit) before depreciation Depreciation Unrestricted surplus (deficit) after depreciation S Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. P E L Page 31 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012 Sample Choir Financial Health Analysis Financial Statements Balance Sheet Trends Assets FY 2010 FY 2010 FY 2011 Current assets Cash Receivables Prepaid expenses & other $4,082,844 1,358,036 1,220,051 $4,082,844 1,358,036 1,220,051 $4,115,591 1,608,738 1,609,687 Total current assets Investments Fixed assets (net) 6,660,931 18,498,585 9,843,307 6,660,931 18,498,585 9,843,307 7,334,016 20,123,749 9,997,791 Non-current assets Pledges receivable - non-current Grants receivable - non-current Other - non-current assets Interfund balances 700,078 0 91,583 0 E L 700,078 0 91,583 0 27,189 431,000 97,596 0 $791,661 $555,785 $35,794,484 $35,794,484 $38,011,341 FY 2010 FY 2010 FY 2011 $1,810,170 0 3,444,223 $1,810,170 0 3,444,223 $1,282,051 160,000 4,145,566 5,254,393 5,254,393 5,587,617 0 0 6,100,000 238,362 0 0 0 6,100,000 238,362 0 0 0 6,700,000 193,080 0 6,338,362 6,338,362 6,893,080 $11,592,755 $11,592,755 $12,480,697 Unrestricted Temporarily restricted Permanently restricted $12,738,245 3,303,188 8,160,296 $12,738,245 3,303,188 8,160,296 $14,267,962 3,125,308 8,137,374 Total net assets $24,201,729 $24,201,729 $25,530,644 Total liabilities & net assets $35,794,484 $35,794,484 $38,011,341 Total non-current assets $791,661 P Total assets Liabilities & Net Assets Liabilities Current Liabilities Accounts payable & other Loans & other debt Deferred revenue M Total current liabilities Non-current liabilities Grants payable - non-current Mortgages payable - non-current Other loans & notes - non-current Other - non-current liabilities Interfund balances A S Total non-current liabilities Total liabilities Net Assets Disclaimer: Data used in this document is self-reported by organizations using the Cultural Data Project (CDP). The CDP accepts no legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any information. Page 32 of 32 Report run: 05/29/2012